INDEX

Abel, Ophite story of, ii. 52; and Manichaean, ii. 304

Aberamenthôu, name used in Magic Papyri and Pistis Sophia, i. 102. See Jesus, Texts of Saviour

Abiuth, receiver of Ariel in Texts of Saviour, ii. 186

Abraham, named in Mag. Pap., i. 106 n. 6; ii. 34; an astrologer apud Artapanus, i. 173; inspired by Ialdabaoth, ii. 53; Bosom of, in Marcion’s system, ii. 211

Abraxas, in system of Basilides, ii. 90, 92

Abydos, gods of, i. 33 n. 1; excavations at, i. 36

Achaea, worship of Goddesses Twain in, i. 135; Cilician pirates deported to, ii. 229

Achaemenides, Persian religion under, i. 122; ii. 234

Achamoth, Sophia of Ophites, ii. 45 n. 1; called the Mother by Valentinus, ii. 112 n. 3; the Sophia Without of Valentinus, ii. 117 n. 2; baptism in name of, by Marcus, ii. 189 n. 1. See Sophia (2)

Acheron, Isis shining in, i. 60

Achilles, his horror of Hades, i. 59, 150; his flattery of Zeus, i. 95; his purification by Ulysses, i. 121 n. 4

Achrammachamari, name of Great Propator in Texts of Saviour and Mag. Pap., ii. 142 n. 2

Acropolis, sacred things of Eleusis lodged in, i. 39; Serapeum built opposite, i. 52

Acrostics, use of, in Jewish, Greek and Christian literature, i. 169 n. 1; in Valentinian epitaph, ii. 129 n. 3

Adam, the protoplast, Ophite story of, ii. 52, 58, 70; and Manichaean, ii. 299; and neo-Manichaean, ii. 329

Adam or Adamos, god of Samothrace, i. 139 n. 1; ii. 54 n. 6

Adamas, the Ophite, the First Man or Great Light, ii. 38; gives birth to Second Man or Son, ibid.; called Father-and-Son, ii. 39; androgyne, ii. 40; forms triad with Holy Spirit, ii. 41 nn. 2, 3; all things except matter contained in, ii. 44 n. 2, 64; all light returns to, ii. 65, 80; called Caulacau, ii. 94 n. 3. See First Man, Caulacau, Hades

Adamas, king of the Twelve Aeons in Pistis Sophia, his rebellion, ii. 48 n. 4, 152 n. 1; place of, ii. 137 n. 3; ruler of Zodiac, ii. 152; delays redemption of souls, ii. 153; sends demon in shape of flying arrow, ii. 156; probably Diabolos or Cosmocrator of Valentinus, ii. 163. See Sabaoth Adamas

Adamas of the Light, in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 325; slayer of monster, ii. 329

Adonai, epithet of Zeus in Mag. Pap., i. 106; in Coptic, ii. 46 n. 3; son of Ophite Sophia, ii. 47; ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 69; meaning of name of, ii. 71 n. 1; address of soul to, ii. 72

Adonis, wailed for in Athens, temp. Alcibiades, i. 16; Dying God of Mediterranean, i. 37; Asiatic form of Dionysos, i. 47; identified with Osiris, i. 55; identified with Dionysos by Orphics, i. 137, 145; identified with Dionysos at Eleusis, i. 139 n. 1; androgyne, i. 185; Ophites attend mysteries of, ii. 21, 54; identified with Phrygian god, ii. 31; fiend in hell in Texts of Saviour, ii. 186

Advent, the. See Parusia

Aegean, islands of, birthplace of gods, i. 16, 52; early worship of Alexandrian gods in, i. 52; and of Eleusinian, ii. 135

Aeinous or Aionios (Everlasting), member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Aelius Aristides, quoted, i. 55 n. 2, 58, 60, 64 n. 3; ii. 66 n. 2

Aeon, Thirteenth, highest place of Left in P.S., ii. 143, 150; Authades would-be ruler of, ii. 151, 153; first dwelling-place of Pistis Sophia, ii. 155; place below it made for Pistis Sophia, ii. 155, 156; Pistis Sophia restored to, ii. 157

Aeons, the Twelve, described, ii. 143, 152, 153; souls made from tears of rulers of, ii. 153; Jesus takes away part of their power, ii. 154; divided into repentant and unrepentant, ii. 182; the mystery of, in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 195. See Zodiac

Aerodios, power mentioned in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 191

Aeschines, son of Glaucothea, i. 22; Demosthenes’ invective against, quoted, i. 138. See Sabazius

Aeschylus, quoted, i. 48, 55, 123

Aether, offspring of Time ap. Orphics, i. 123

Afghanistan, included in Persian Empire, i. 1

Africa, political power of priesthoods in, i. 31; Mithraism in Northern, ii. 230; christianized Manichaeism of, ii. 339

Agape or Love, supreme God of Diagram, ii. 68, 123 n. 3; supreme God of Valentinus, ii. 98 n. 1; feminine member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101; supreme God of Marcion, ii. 210; seal of Azrua in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 341. See Eros

Agdistis, name of androgyne Cybele, ii. 39, 40

Ageratos or Never-ageing, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Agla, cabalistic word used in mediaeval magic, ii. 139 n. 1

Agra on the Ilissus, mysteries of, i. 41

Agrestius, a clarissimus and high priest of Mithras, ii. 239

Ahnas-el-Medineh or Heracleopolis, mentioned in magic spell, i. 98

Ahriman, Areimanios, or Arimanius, in Bundahish slayer of Gayômort, i. 126 n. 3; not entirely evil till Sassanid times, ii. 232, 253; Magi sacrifice to, ii. 234; son of Zervan Akerene (Cumont), ii. 236, 252; altars dedicated to, ii. 239; Mithras superior to, ii. 240; in Bundahish slayer of bull Goshurun, ii. 246, 254; ruler of earth in Mithraism, ii, 255, 256; modified worship of, in Mithraism, ii. 278; likeness of representation of, to Manichaean Satan, ii. 291. See Goshurun

Ahura Mazda, the Omniscient Lord, i. liii; father of Gayômort, i. lxi; Supreme Being of Yashts, ii. 231; his relations to Amshaspands, ii. 232; in Behistun inscription, ii. 233; not mentioned in Mithraic monuments, ii. 239; in Bundahish, ii. 246; replaced by Jupiter O.M. in Mithraism, ii. 246; worship of, restored by Ardeshîr, ii. 284

Ailoaios or Eloaeus, ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 69, 70 n. 2, 74 n. 3; address to, ii. 73; sphere of Venus, 74 n. 1

Akae, cryptographic name in Book of Enoch, i. 169, 170

Akinetos or Immovable, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Albigenses, successors of Manichaeans, ii. 357

Al-Bîrûnî, quoted, ii. 279, 280, 283, 284, 286 n. 1, 307

Alcibiades, goes to Susa, i. 7; Adonis wailed for when Sicilian expedition of, sails, i. 16

Alcmaeon of Crotona, calls stars gods, i. 186 n. 2

Aldabeim, name of sun in Mag. Pap., ii. 46 n. 3

Aletheia, member of 1st Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98

Alexander of Abonoteichos, his impostures, i. 24; comes to Rome under Marcus Aurelius, ii. 203

Alexander, King of Epirus, Asoka’s mission to, i. 20

Alexander the Great, his conquests hellenize Mediterranean Basin, i. lviii; the world before and after, i. 1 sqq.; greatest individual in history, i. 4, 12 sqq.; his aims and achievements, i. 5-8, 26-27; his deification explained, i. 18; religious associations follow conquests of, i. 22-26 sqq.; his work in Egypt, i. 29, 44; his probable plans for universal religion, i. 30; breaks down national barriers, i. 54, 107; makes world-religions possible, i. 111; his conduct towards Jews, i. 150; re-settles Samaria, i. 177; son of Zeus in serpent form, ii. 49; his effect on cosmology and ethics, ii. 86; consoled by Anaxarchus for death of Clitus, ii. 87. See India

Alexander, bishop of Lycopolis, quoted, ii. 294 n. 2, 295 n. 2.

Alexander Severus, the Emperor, gods in lararium of, i. 82; his success against Persians, ii. 226

Alexander the Valentinian, leader of Anatolic School, ii. 119

Alexandria, its foundation by Alexander, i. 5; its importance not at first recognized, i. 28; Sema of Alexander at, i. 30; a Greek city, i. 44; Serapeum of, i. 48, 51, 58 n. 1; oracle of Serapis at, i. 77; worship of Serapis at, i. 82 n. 2, 86; destruction of temples at, by Theodosius, i. 83, 84; Hadrian’s opinion of, i. 86; early Gnostics start from, i. 111; ii. 8; Orphics plentiful at, i. 156; Simon Magus’ doctrines at, i. 198; ii. 89; intellectual centre of Roman world, ii. 88; Basilides teaches at, ii. 90

Alfenius Julianus Kumenius, clarissimus and priest of Mithras, ii. 268

Allat, the goddess, Ereshkigal an epithet of, i. 100

Alleius Craeonius, author on magic, i. 105

Amazons, the story of, suggests bisexual deity, ii. 40

Ambrose of Milan, convert from Valentinianism, i. 112 n. 1; ii. 21 n. 5; his date, ii. 132 n. 2

Amélineau, E., translates Pistis Sophia, ii. 13; translates Bruce Papyrus, ii, 190; his date for Bruce Papyrus, ii. 194; quoted, ii. 178, 191, 192, 193, 195

Amen of Thebes, the god, father of Alexander, i. 18; priesthood of, i. 23, 31 sqq.; Ptolemies raise temples to, i. 52

Amenhotep IV, King of Egypt, failure of monotheistic teaching of, i. 11; priests of Amen crush heresy of, i. 31

Amens, the Three, powers mentioned in P.S., ii. 142; and in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193

Amens, the Seven, powers mentioned in P.S., ii. 141; and in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193

Amenti, the god called Lord of, i. 33; Osiris the bull of, i. 45, 102; Jesus the conqueror of, i. 102 n. 1; a hell in Texts of Saviour, ii. 182, 186; horrors of Egyptian, ii. 196. See Aberamenthôu, Jesus, Khent-Amentit

Ameretât or Immortality, one of the Amshaspands, i. 181 n. 1; ii. 324 n. 4, 355. See Appellant and Respondent

Amitrochates, son of Chandragupta, his desire for Greek learning, i. 8 n. 3

Amon. See Amen of Thebes

Amos, the Prophet, inspired by Ialdabaoth ap. Ophites, ii. 81 n. 2

Amshaspands, the Seven, and the Seven Planets, i. 117; names of, i. 181, n. 1; ii. 103 n. 3; likeness of, to “roots” of Simon Magus, ii. 103 n. 3; and to Aeons of Valentinus, ii. 103 n. 3; in Avesta, ii. 232; absent from early Manichaeism, ii. 327 n. 4; mention of, in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 330, 355

Anat, the goddess, assessor of Yahweh, ii. 32 n. 4

Anatolia, its religious peculiarities temp. Christ, ii. 28 sqq., 77; its worship of double axe, 67 n. 3

Anaxarchus the Atomist philosopher, consoles Alexander after death of Clitus, ii. 87

Ancient of Days, name of Valentinian Ialdabaoth, ii. 107 n. 2

Andrew the Apostle, Saint, name of, shows predilection of Jews for Greek names, i. 173 n. 2; mentioned in Pistis Sophia, ii. 157

Anebo, letter of Porphyry to, for threats of Egyptian magicians to gods, i. 104 n. 3

Angels, Essenes sworn to preserve the names of, i. 153, 157; no names of, in O.T., until Daniel, i. 158; rulers over tribes of demons, ibid.; sinning, cast into abyss of fire (Baruch), i. 165; Ennoia produces world-making, ap. Simon M., i. 187; patterns after which worlds made (Philo), i. 187 n. 3; world to be freed from rule of, ap. Simon, i. 196; Simonians say God of Jews one of world-making (Epiphanius), i. 199; seven heavens are also, ap. Valentinians (Irenaeus), ii. 107 n. 4; are Logoi sent into soul by Jesus and Sophia, ii. 110; souls after death, brides of, ibid.; terror of angels at speech of man (Valentinus), ii. 112 n. 3; Archons of Adamas in Texts of Saviour beget, ii, 152 n. 1; Splenditenens and Atlas of Manichaeism, ii. 297, 298. See Enoch, Gabriel, Great Council, Michael, Tertullian

Annu or On, Egyptian name of Heliopolis and chief seat of worship of Râ, i. 31

Anthesteria, ceremonies of, show resurrection and marriage of Dionysos, i. 42

Anthropos, member of 3rd Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98

Antigonus Monophthalmos, King of Syria, his retort when hailed as a god, i. 19; Phrygia occupied alternately by him and Lysimachus, ii. 29

Antigonus Gonatas, King of Macedonia, mission of Asoka to, i. 20. See Tarn

Antinous, death of, fixes date of Hadrian’s letter to Servian, i. 86 n. 5

Antioch, worship of Serapis at, i. 35; birthplace of Carpocrates, i. 111; and of Saturninus, ii. 9, 89

Antiochus I Soter, King of Syria, mission of Asoka to, i. 20

Antiochus III the Great, King of Syria, seizes Palestine, i. 151; transports Jewish families to Anatolia, ii. 28

Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria, attempts to hellenize Jews, i. 151, 156, 162, 163; Book of Daniel written temp., i. 158; caught between Romans and Parthians, i. 160; his mystic antagonist Taxo, i. 170; Samaritans accept reforms of, i. 177

Antitheses, the. See Marcion

Antonines, the, Isis-worship at its apogee temp., i. 54, 81

Antoninus Pius, the Emperor, Simonians in Rome temp., i. 199

Anubis, the god, son of Osiris and Nephthys, i. 35; tribal deity of jackal totem, i. 36; his seeking for Osiris in Rome, i. 70; in procession at Cenchreae, i. 72; mask of, used as disguise, i. 78. See Marcus Volusius

Apelles, the Marcionite, his tenets, ii. 218

Apep, the serpent, enemy of the sun-god Ra, ii. 78

Aphrodite, the goddess, worshipped under other names by confraternities, i. 25; and Adonis, i. 37; ii. 31; daughter of Zeus, i. 124 n. 3; identified by Orphics with Isis and others, i. 137 n. 1; Orphic hymn to, i. 142 n. 2; called Cytheraea, i. 143; the Mother of the Gods in Cyprus, ii. 40; called Mother of All Living in Asia, ii. 135 n. 3; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238. See Venus

Apis, the “life” of Osiris, i. 32, 45, 49

Apocalypse of St John, the, its date, ii. 26 n. 3; quoted, i. 145 n. 1, 158, 169, 182 n. 4; ii. 4 n. 1, 25

Apocatastasis, return of the worlds to God, an Ophite doctrine, ii. 42, 57

Apollo, the god, his birthplace, i. 16; identified with Horus, i. 48, 63; his contempt for mankind, i. 57; his place in Orphic legend, i. 125, 147; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238; distinct from Helios, i. 240; worship of, under Julian, i. 269

Apollonius of Tyana, image of, in Alexander Severus’ lararium, i. 82

Apophasis of Simon Magus, the, described, i. 179; quoted, i. 182, 188, 189, 193, 194; ii. 90 n. 5

Apostles, demand only faith from converts, i. lvii; do not borrow from earlier creeds, i. 88; their meeting with Simon Magus, i. 176, 177; in Clementines, i. 178; intolerance of, due to Jewish origin (Bouché-Leclercq), ii. 10; souls of, in P.S. drawn from Treasure-house, ii. 137, 147

Apostolical Constitutions, their date, ii. 7 n. 2; quoted, i. 87 n. 1; ii. 7 nn. 2, 3, 219 n. 2

Appellant and Respondent gods, the, in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 302 n. 1, 324, 343, 354, 355

Apuat, the god, “opener of the ways,” i. 33

Apuleius of Madaura, quoted, i. 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 73-74, 75, 77, 86 n. 3, 101 n. 2

Aramati, the Vedic goddess, identified with Spenta Armaiti of the Avesta, ii. 45 n. 1, 300 n. 2

Ararat or Ararad, Mt, Books of Jeû hidden in, ii. 147 n. 5

Arbela, Greek troops on Persian side at, i. 7; Alexander’s pursuit after, i. 13

Arcadia, Eleusinian triad worshipped in, i. 135

Arcadius, the Emperor, Church dedicated to, in place of Serapeum, i. 84

Archelai Acta. See Hegemonius

Archimedes, his calculation of places of stars sinful (Hippolytus), i. 112 n. 2

Architect of the Universe. See Demiurge

Archon, the Great, of Basilides, the Demiurge, ii. 91; likeness of, to Ialdabaoth, ii. 94

Archontics, the, a sect related to the Ophites, ii. 77

Arctinus of Miletus, first Greek author to mention purification, i. 121 n. 4

Arctos, the Great Bear, in Mithraism, ii. 266

Arda viraf namak, the, quoted, ii. 264 n. 5

Ardeshîr, the Shah, restorer of Persian nationality, ii. 226, 282; his son Peroz converted to Manichaeism, ii. 281; restores worship of Ahura Mazda, ii. 284

Ares, the god, identified with Roman Mars, i. 17; Homeric or Orphic hymn to, i. 141 n. 2, 142 n. 2; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238

Argolis, the, Eleusinian triad worshipped in, i. 135

Ariel, a fiend in Texts of Saviour, ii. 186

Arimaspi, the, fables concerning, i. 2 n. 1

Aristaeus, pro-Jewish writer, i. 173

Aristides. See Aelius Aristides

Aristides, Christian apologist, ii. 203, 204 n. 1

Aristion, Athenian courtezan member of religious confraternity, i. 22

Aristophanes, quoted, i. 17 n. 1, 40 n. 4, 124, 137; scholiast on, i. 17 n. 1

Aristotle, his monotheism, i. 10; says that religion follows form of government, i. 12, 15; that Orpheus did not exist, i. 121 n. 1

Armageddon, covers name of Rome, i. 170 n. 5

Armenia, Ophites in, ii. 76; kings of, claim descent from Persian heroes, ii. 225 n. 1; Marcionites and Bardesanites in, ii. 283; invasion of, by Mihr Nerses, ii. 285

Arnobius, adv. Gentes, quoted, i. 124 n. 3; ii. 39 nn. 2, 4, 264 n. 5

Arrian, Anabasis, quoted, i. 4 n. 1

Arsaces, founder of Parthian kingdom, ii. 224

Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy Philadelphus, i. 18

Artapanus, On the Jews, quoted, i. 173

Artemis, the goddess, the Ephesian, i. lvi, 40; birthplace of Greek, i. 16; Indian worship of, i. 17; Orthia, i. 100 n. 2; priestesses of Ephesian, called bees, i. 143 n. 4; Phrygian, ii. 67 n. 3; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238. See Diana

Aryans, their dealings with lower races, i. 3, 92

Asar-hapi, Osiris as Apis, i. 49

Asha Vashishta or Truth, the Amshaspand, i. 181 n. 1

Asia, before Alexander, i. 1; made Greek by Alexander, i. 5; rush of Greeks to, i. 7; Greek spoken throughout, i. 8; cruelty of Assyrian domination in, i. 12; returns to Persian ways, ii. 225

Asia Minor, native religions of, i. lviii, 37, 126; ii. 29, 36, 49, 67 n. 3; gods of, coalesce with Greek, i. 17; home of Dionysos worship, i. 43 n. 3; Alexandrian gods worshipped in, i. 53; Vedic gods worshipped in, i. 122 n. 3; Eleusinian gods worshipped in, i. 136; Orphics in, i. 141, 156; ii. 236; priestesses called bees in, i. 143 n. 4; Jewish atrocities in, temp. Trajan, i. 173 n. 1; Ophite heresy probably native to, ii. 26, 76; Jewish settlements in, ii. 28; Jewish magicians in, temp. Apostles, ii. 33; matriarchate in, ii. 40; Babylonian culture in, ii. 48; serpent worship in, ii. 49, 77, 78; reverts to Persian ways, ii. 225; Mithraism in, ii. 229, 232, 268

Askew, Dr, sells Pistis Sophia to British Museum, ii. 134

Asklepios or Aesculapius, the god, Alexander of Abonoteichos priest of, i. 24; Serapis statue that of, i. 48 n. 3, 78 n. 2; identified with Serapis, i. 78, 87

Aso, the Ethiopian queen, enemy of Osiris, i. 33, 37 n. 1

Asoka, his missions to Greek kings, i. 20

Assur-bani-pal, King of Assyria, his library at Kuyunjik, i. 94, 114

Assyria, penitential psalms of, i. 115; Jews tributary to, i. 160 n. 4

Assyrians, the, tyranny of, i. 3; suzerains of Hebrews, i. 150; name used for Syrians in Christian times, ii. 53 n. 4, 54 n. 6; worship of Mylitta by (Herodotus), ii. 234

Astaphaios or Astaphaeus, ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 47; name derived from magic (Origen), ii. 47, 48; once called Astanpheus, ii. 47, 69 n. lord of third gate, ii. 70 n. 2, 73, 74 n. 3; address to, ii. 73

Astarte, the goddess, worship of, brought into Greece, i. 17; worshipped by Greek confraternity, i. 25; Phoenician form of earth goddess, i. 126; dove, totem-animal of, ii. 135 n. 3; Mater Viventium, ibid.

Astrampsuchos, name of Roman writer on magic, i. 107; name of celestial guard in Bruce Papyrus, i. 107 n. 1; power worshipped by the Peratae, ibid.

Astrology, origin of, in Chaldaea, i. 113; fundamental idea of, i. 114; system of correspondences results from, i. 115, 116; impulse given to, by Greek mathematics, i. 116, 117; all religions in Graeco-Roman world take note of, i. 117, 118; gives new life to Gnosticism, i. 119; Ophites mix astrological ideas with Orphic teaching, ii. 78; first prominent in Gnosticism in Excerpta Theodoti, ii. 158 n. 1; its great vogue in Rome under Severi, ibid.; reprobated in Pistis Sophia, ii. 185; part of scheme of punishments and salvation in Texts of Saviour, ii. 185 n. 2; its importance in Mithraism, ii. 235, 276. See Babylonia

Atargatis or Dea Syria, favourite deity of Nero, ii. 31; her Anatolian name and identification with other goddesses, ii. 31 n. 1; homonym of Derketo (Garstang), ii. 40 n. 1; her identity with the Mother of the Gods, ii. 299 n. 1; Manichaean Mother of Life derived from, ii. 300 n. 2

Athamas the Pythagorean, his doctrine of “roots,” i. 197

Athanasius, Saint, creed of, i. 89

Athena, the goddess, identified with Minerva, i. 17; her part in Eleusinian Mysteries, i. 39; the Homeric, i. 57, 95, 124 n. 3; statue of Helena of Tyre as, i. 198; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238. See Minerva, Pallas

Athenagoras, quoted, i. lvii n. 1, 63 n. 5, 64 n. 3; ii. 18 n. 2

Athens, foreign worships in, i. 16, 17 n. 1, 137; accepts deification of Alexander, i. 18; gathering in, for Eleusinian Mysteries, i. 38-41; Alexandrian religion in, i. 52, 76; Orphic myths brought into, by Epimenides, i, 121; Orphic gold plates in Museum at, i. 132

Athos Mt, Philosophumena discovered at, ii. 11

Atlas. See Corybas, Omophorus

Attis or Atys, the god, his worship brought into Greece, i. 17, 136; his legend, i. 37; ii. 39; identified with Sun, i. 118; and with Dionysos, Adonis and Osiris, i. 137 n. 1, 145; ii. 17; and with Sabazius, i. 138, 139; androgyne, i. 185; Gnostics attend mysteries of, ii. 21; Phrygia, home of worship of, ii. 28, 67 n. 3; to Ophites, type of world-soul, ii. 65 n. 3

Augustine of Hippo, Saint, convert from Manichaeism, i. 112 n. 1; well informed about Manichaeans, ii. 352; quoted, i. 103 n. 4; ii. 10 n. 1, 12 n. 4, 25, 261, 298 n. 1, 317, 319, 331, 332, 343, 346, 349 n. 4, 350

Augustus, the Emperor, Samaria’s capital named Sebaste in honour of, i. 177; Galatians become Roman temp., ii. 28; Parthians’ terror of (Horace), ii. 225

Aurelian, the Emperor, his worship of sun-god, i. 119 n. 1; ii. 228; position of Christianity under, ii. 23; restores Roman arms in the East, ii. 226; gives up Dacia to Goths, ii. 271

Authades, the Proud God of the Pistis Sophia, last member of Triad of the Left, ii. 151; his disobedience, ii. 152; his envy of Pistis Sophia, ii. 155; sends demon in shape of flying arrow, ii. 156; his place given to Pistis Sophia, ii. 162

Autogenes, power mentioned in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 192

Autophyes or Self-produced, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Avebury, Lord, quoted, i. 91, 99 n. 1

Avesta, the Zend, Seven Amshaspands of, i. 117; emanation doctrine in, ii. 35; First Man in, ii. 38 n. 3; Supreme Being in, ii. 231; Ormuzd and Ahriman in, ii. 236; bull Goshurun in, ii. 243; denounces magic, ii. 275 n. 2; doubtful about eternity of evil, ii. 289; quoted, ii. 310, 311.

Avidius Cassius, his victories over Parthians, ii. 225.

Axe, Double. See Bacchus, Caria, Crete, Cybele, Cyranides, Labrys, Mycenae, Ramsay, Simon Magus

Axionicus the Valentinian, member of Anatolic School, ii. 119

Azrua, name of God of Light in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 323, 341, 342. See Zervan

Baalzephon, name in magic spell, i. 106 n. 4

Babylon, break up of priesthoods of, i. 122; rich Jews remain in, after captivity, i. 172; Jewish families from, transported to Phrygia, ii. 28; its site marked by Hilleh, ii. 33; Jewish taste for cryptograms derived from, ii. 35

Babylonia, Zoroastrian borrowings from, i. lxi; original home of Dying God, i. 38 n. 1; relics of Sumerian beliefs in, i. 100; astral theory originates in, i. 115 n. 1, 116; and primaeval deep theory, ii. 36; and Western astrology, ii. 235

Babylonians, astronomy of, i. 114; isopsephism first used by, i. 69 n. 3; figure earth like boat, ii. 48; think sky a rocky vault, ii. 249

Bacchanals, orgies of, from Thrace, i. 136

Bacchus, concealed object in Corybantic rites of, i. 73 n. 1; Mithraic dignitary Chief Herdsman of, i. 83; Orphic initiate called, i. 128; identified with Attis, Adonis, Osiris, etc., i. 139 n. 1; Orphic hymns to, i. 142 nn. 2, 5, 143; wine called, i. 168; and worship of double axe, ii. 67 n. 3. See Dionysos

Bacchylides, quoted, i. 40 n. 1

Bactria, home of Roxana, i. 5; tale of Possessed Princess of, i. 10; Alexander’s massacres in, i. 13; its struggles against Alexander, i. 28; Buddhism and Zoroastrianism in, ii. 283

Bahram. See Varanes.

Baillet, M. Auguste, quoted, i. 65

Baluchistan, included in Persian Empire, i. 1

Ban or Laban, the Great, a power mentioned by Bar Khôni, ii. 324

Banquet, the, Valentinian wedding of souls, ii. 111; scene in Mithraic monuments, ii. 247

Baptism, used by Ophites, ii. 61; teaching of Primitive Church as to, ii. 168; subverts influence of stars (Theodotus), ii. 115 n. 3; Marcus adds Hebrew exorcisms to, ii. 129, 189 n. 1; one of the Mysteries in Pistis Sophia, ii. 169; postponed until death by married Marcionites, ii. 215, 221; Mithraists use total immersion in, ii. 260. See Oblation, Dead

Barbeliotae, Barbelitae or Borboriani, apparently an Ophite sect, ii. 27 n. 1; described by Irenaeus, ii. 77, 138 n. 1; identified with Naassenes and called Simonians (Irenaeus), ii. 138 n. 1

Barbelo, mother of Pistis Sophia, ii. 74 n. 1; names and place of, ii. 138 n. 1, 151 n. 4; Jesus in Pistis Sophia takes material body from, ii. 151, 179; in P.S. consort of Great Propator, ii. 150, 155; mentioned in Texts of Saviour as mother of Pistis Sophia, ii. 186

Barcochebas, Bar Cochba or Bar Coziba, the Jewish Messiah called Monogenes, i. 124 n. 3

Bardesanes or Bar Daisan the Valentinian, ii. 119; his life, ii. 120; protected by King of Edessa, ii. 132; borrows from Zoroaster (Al-Bîrûnî), ii. 214 n. 2; Manes knows doctrines of, ii. 280, 290 n. 4; his doctrines enter Persia, ii. 283

Barnabas, hailed as Zeus, i. 191 n. 3; ii. 42; with Paul summarizes Hebrew history for Phrygians, ii. 53 n. 2; Epistle of, quoted, ii. 166 n. 2

Barpharanges, magic word used in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 192

Baruch, Apocalyptic literature attributed to, i. 163, 164; Book of, used by Ophites, ii. 79; Apocalypse of, quoted, ii. 257

Basilides, the heresiarch, a Jew (Neander), ii. 9 n. 1; says body of Jesus a phantasm, ii. 16, 17; contemporary with Carpocrates, ii. 27 n. 3; disciple of Menander, ii. 89; his teaching, ii. 89 sqq.; his doctrine, comes through Matthias, ii. 90; his borrowings from Egyptian religion, ii. 92; his followers go over to Valentinus, ii. 93; his relations with Buddhism, ii. 96; words of, repeated in Texts of Saviour, 189; quoted, ii. 172. See Buddhism

Basilidians, their relative date, ii. 25 n. 5

Baubo, the goddess, a form of Persephone, i. 100

Baur, F. C., of Tübingen, says Simon Magus is St Paul, i. 179 n. 3

Beast, Number of. See Number

Bedouins, introduce horse into Egypt, i. 36

Beelzebub, Beelzebud, or Beelzebuth, chief of demons in Valentinian system, ii. 108; his name a parody of Jabezebuth, ii. 108 n. 1; Lord of Chaos, ii. 109; his possible place in Pistis Sophia, ii. 163

Behemoth (animals), in Diagram, ii. 71

Bel, the god, his fight with Tiamat, ii. 44 n. 3; reappears in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 295 n. 2

Belisarius, his victories over Persians, ii. 226

Bellerophon, appears in procession of Isis at Cenchreae, i. 71

Bellona, the goddess, identified with Isis, i. 56. See Ma

Bendis, the moon-goddess of Thrace, i. 16; identified with Persephone, i. 137

Bêqâ, cryptogram for Tetragrammaton, i. 169, 170

Berossos or Berossus, legend about Zervan attributed to, i. lx; our indebtedness to, i. 9; quotes instance of isopsephism from Babylonians, i. 169 n. 3

Bes, the god, dance of, on Herculaneum fresco, i. 69 n. 1

Bethel, the god, assessor of Yahweh at Elephantine, ii. 32 n. 4

Bhils, sorcerers to higher races, i. 92

Bissing, Freiherr von, quoted, i. 68 n. 1, 69 n. 1. See Herculaneum

Bithynia, seat of Glycon worship, i. 24; inscriptions from, i. 55 n. 3; Ophite colleges in, in 5th cent. A.D., ii. 77

Boeotia, native country of Dionysos, i. 52; Orphic teaching in, i. 135; worship of Bacchus comes from Thrace to, i. 136

Boghaz-keui, Vedic gods worshipped at, i. lxii n. 2, 122 n. 3; ii. 231

Bogomiles, successors of Manichaeans, ii. 357

Bologna, Mithraic group at, ii. 238 n. 2

Book of the Dead. See Dead

Borboriani. See Barbeliotae

Bosphorus, Isis-worship at Thracian, i. 53

Bouché-Leclercq, M. A., thinks Timotheos and Manetho only typical names, i. 44 n. 1; and Bryaxis’ statue that of Asklepios, i. 48 n. 3; says Apostolic and sub-Apostolic intolerance for heresy due to Jewish nationality, ii. 10; quoted, i. 14 n. 3, 27 n. 1, 28 nn. 1, 2, 29 nn. 1, 3, 30 nn. 2, 3, 44 nn. 1, 2, 48 n. 3, 52 n. 1, 55 n. 1, 78 n. 2, 80 n. 1, 87 n. 2; ii. 10 n. 2, 257 n. 5

Brimo, name given to Demeter in Mysteries, i. 124 n. 3

Bruce Papyrus, thaumaturgic sacraments in, i. 87 n. 1; ii. 63 n. 1, 172 n. 3; 183 n. 1, 193; Astrampsuchos, name of “guard” in, i. 107 n. 1; creation from indivisible point, i. 194 n. 3; ii. 90 n. 5; discovery of, by Bruce, ii. 13, 189; its god Sitheus, ii. 76 n. 4; its addiction to astrology, ii. 158 n. 1; describes higher worlds than Pistis Sophia, ii. 161 n. 2; makes matter non-existent, ii. 161 n. 3; pictures like those in, perhaps referred to in P.S., ii. 180 n. 2; author of, acquainted with story of Iabraoth, ii. 182 n. 2; variety of documents in, ii. 189, 190; links of, with Texts of Saviour, ii. 193; with Pistis Sophia, ii. 194; probable date of, ibid.; quoted, ii. 191, 195

Bryaxis, his statue of Serapis, i. 48, 49, 78 n. 2, 84

Buda-Pesth, altars to Ahriman found at, ii. 239

Buddha, Mani teaches divine mission of, i. lviii; ii. 316; Greek statues of, in India, i. 8; called Terebinthus, ii. 285; first mentioned in Greek by Clem. Alex., ii. 286

Buddhas, Cave of the Thousand, MS. found in, ii. 352. See Tun-huang

Buddhism, study of, i. li; its slow growth in India, i. 20; unknown to Onomacritos, i. 135 n. 1; its dates, i. 156 n. 1; ii. 283; Basilides’ supposed borrowings from, ii. 96; in Bactria, ii. 283; Manichaean borrowings from, ii. 313, 340, 346; its toleration of Manichaeans, ii. 357.

Budge, Dr E. A. T. Wallis, quoted, i. 31 n. 1, 32 nn. 3, 4, 33 nn. 1, 2, 35 n. 1, 38 n. 2, 61 n. 1, 88 n. 2, 126 n. 3, 182 n. 6; ii. 49 n. 3, 72 n. 3, 121 n. 3, 154 n. 3, 184 n. 3, 293 n. 1

Bulgaria, Manichaeans settled in, ii. 357

Bundahish, the, quoted, i. 126 n. 3, 134 n. 1; ii. 246, 254

Burkhans, divine messengers in Manichaeism, ii. 336, 339, 341. See Shapurakhan

Bury, Prof. J. B., quoted, i. 86

Buto, the city of Isis, i. 34

Byblus in Phoenicia, body of Osiris washed ashore at, i. 34

Bythios or Deep, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Bythos, Supreme God of Ophites, ii. 37, 39; Supreme God of Valentinus, ii. 96, 97; his consort, ibid.; identified with Ineffable of Pistis Sophia, ii. 144; resembles Ahura Mazda, ii. 232

Byzantium, birthplace of Theodotus, ii. 9

Cabala, the Jewish, system of correspondences in, i. 115; its Mystery of Chariot and Mystery of Creation, i. 157; processes of “Practical,” i. 158 n. 1, 170 nn. 2, 5; its system of Sephiroth, i. 202; Marcus uses system like that of, ii. 9 n. 1; indicated in Talmud, ii. 35; likeness of, to Gnosticism, ii. 36 n. 1; its Adam Cadmon or First Man, ii. 52 n. 1; Ophite stories of protoplasts revived in, ii. 53

Cabiri of Samothrace, Hermes in worship of, i. 99; mentioned in Hymn to Attis, ii. 54

Cabul, importance of, foreseen by Alexander, i. 5

Caecilia Secundina, name on Orphic gold plate, i. 133, 169 n. 1

Cain, Ophite story of, ii. 52; Manichaean story of, ii. 303; in neo-Manichaeism father of Wisdom and Pleasure, ibid.

Cainites, an Ophite sect, ii. 27, 77

Calabria, Orphic gold plates found at, i. 131

Callias, Torchbearer at Mysteries of Eleusis, i. 76, ii. 87 n. 3

Callinicum, Valentinian conventicle at, burned by orthodox, ii. 96

Callisthenes, life of Alexander attributed to, i. 18 n. 1

Calvin, John, founder of sect, i. 54; ii. 19

Cambyses, Shah of Persia, conquers Egypt, i. 28; in Behistun inscription, ii. 233

Campus Martius, Isiac temple in, i. 53; death of Simon Magus in, i. 178

Candahar, named after Alexander, i. 5

Canidia or Gratidia, witch of Horace’s Epodes, i. 108

Canopus, decrees of, i. 52 n. 1; sanctuary of Isis at, i. 86 n. 1

Cappadocia, Kings of, claim descent from Persian heroes, ii. 225 n. 1

Capua, inscription to Isis found at, i. 75 n. 2

Caria, worship of double axe in, ii. 67 n. 3

Carpocrates the heresiarch, magic rites attributed to, i. 111; called first of Gnostics, ii. 27

Carthage, outside Persian Empire, i. 1; Alexander’s plans concerning, i. 6; Roman conquest of, i. 15; ii. 227

Carus, the Emperor, his victories over Persians, ii. 226

Cassander, patron of Euhemerus, i. 19

Caulacau, mystic name common to Ophites and Basilidians, ii. 94

Cautes and Cautopates, torch-bearers of Mithras, ii. 245, 246, 247

Celeus, legendary King of Eleusis, i. 40, 41

Celsus the Epicurean, quoted, i. lvii, 73, 200; ii. 66, 67, 69

Cenchreae, Isiac festival at, described, i. 71

Cephisus, the, bridge over, its part in Eleusinian procession, i. 39

Cerberus, resemblance of triple monster of Serapis to, i. 49

Cerdo the heresiarch, teaches at Rome, ii. 9; his doctrines, ii. 205

Ceres, god of Nature as Earth ap. Cicero, i. lvi; identified with Isis by Apuleius, i. 56. See Demeter

Cerinthus the heresiarch, opponent of St John, ii. 9 n. 1; sent to have been pupil of Philo, ibid.

Chaeremon, says Egyptian magician threatens gods, i. 104 n. 3

Chaldaea, birthplace of astrology, i. 113; captivity of Jews in, i. 150; Jews tributaries to, i. 160 n. 4

Chaldaeans, oppressive rule of, i. 3; suzerains of Jews, i. 150; their influence on Mithraism, ii. 241

Chalmers, Thomas, founder of sect, ii. 19

Chandragupta or Sandracottus, father of Amitrochates, i. 8 n. 3; grandfather of Asoka, i. 20

Chaos, child of Orphic Chronos, i. 123; known to Aristophanes, i. 124; egg formed from, i. 123, 144; Ialdabaoth and, ii. 46 n. 3, 155; Valentinians make Beelzebub ruler of, ii. 109; Pistis Sophia raised from, ii. 156; Pistis Sophia’s descent into, ii. 156, 162; Pistis Sophia does not describe, ii. 163; described in Texts of Saviour, ii. 182, 186

Charcot, Dr, his hypnotic experiments at Salpêtrière, i. 110

Charles, Dr R. H., quoted, i. 159 n. 1, 160, 161, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170; ii. 60 n. 1

Charmôn, receiver of Ariel in Texts of Saviour, ii. 186

Chavannes, Ed. M., translates Traité Manichéen, ii. 352. See Pelliot, Tun-huang MS.

China, Manichaean documents discovered in, i. lix; Manichaeans in, ii. 357

Chinese, their god Thian, i. 73 n. 4

Chinvat, the Bridge, in Zoroastrianism, ii. 110 n. 2, 311

Chosroes, the Shah, his defeat by Heraclius, ii. 227

Christ, Manes tries to include religion of, in his own, i. lviii; statue of, in Alexander Severus’ lararium, i. 82; bishops of, worship Serapis ap. Hadrian, i. 86; name of, has hidden meaning (Justin Martyr), i. 170 n. 5; “heresies before the Coming of,” ii. 25; angel of Great Council, ii. 43; Ophite Sophia makes Prophets prophesy of, ii. 53, 59; descent of Ophite, through seven heavens, ii. 59; Ophite Christ raises Jesus after Crucifixion, ii. 60; Ophites turn figure of, from teacher to messenger, ii. 82; Saturninus says He was sent to destroy Judaism, ii. 89; of Basilides makes Him son of Great Archon, ii. 91; ascension of, imitated on Mithraic monuments, ii. 248. See Archon Jesus

Christianity, importance of study of its origins, i. xlix; dislike of its comparative study, i. li, liv; inspirational view of its history, i. liii; Judaism not its rival, i. liv; early competitors with, i. lv-lviii; spread of Greek language favours, i. 9; Alexander the Great’s services to, i. 27; its rise brings about decline of Alexandrian religion, i. 81; Isis-worshippers converted to, en bloc, i. 84; its cardinal tenets preserved at Reformation, i. 88; said to be mere episode in history of Gnosticism, i. 111; most bitter enemy of Gnosticism, i. 112, 120; ii. 23, 359 sqq.; system of correspondences and, i. 115; its concessions to Sun-worshippers, i. 118; Gnosticism does not compete with, until IInd cent., ii. 2; state does not at first persecute, ii. 7; lower classes in Egypt first converts to, ii. 8 n. 5, 89 n. 1; never Judaeo-Christian in Egypt, ii. 9 n. 1, 131; wars against Hellenistic culture, ii. 10; accuses sects of obscene rites, ii. 18; converts wealthy and learned Gnostics, ii. 21; persecutes Gnostics, ii. 23; Ophites earlier than, ii. 26; its relations with Ophites in post-Christian times, ii. 56, 82; history of Egyptian, obscure, ii. 200; attraction of Rome for innovators on, ii. 203; Marcion’s attempt to reform, fruitless, ii. 222; Manes’ imperfect acquaintance with, ii. 280; shares with Mithraism devotion of legions, ii. 283; compromises of Manichaeism with, ii. 317, 319, 320, 339, 350, 351; Manichaeism really opposed to, ii. 318, 357; relations of neo-Manichaeism with, ii. 339; obligations of, to rivals, ii. 360; triumph of, ii. 361

Christians, political, not religious, offenders against Roman state, i. lvi; expect catastrophes at destruction of Serapeum, i. 84; said to worship Serapis (Hadrian), i. 86; formulate doctrine of Trinity, i. 89 n. 2; accusations of immorality by and against, i. 179; considered Jews until reign of Vespasian, ii. 4; say old world passing away, ii. 5; proscribe heretical writings, ii. 12; apostolic, uneducated men, ii. 83 n. 1; obliged to recognize Greek philosophy, ii. 88; good position of, in Alexandria, ii. 94; belief of, early, as to Eucharist, ii. 171; oriental, flock into Rome under Hadrian, ii. 203; use of “Brother” and “Father” by, ii. 261; extinguish Mithraism before other heathen religions, ii. 272; condemned by Manichaeans for adherence to Old Testament, ii. 315; Manichaeans not, ii. 318, 350; Manichaeans confused with, by Chinese, ii. 357; Julian repairs heathen temples at cost of, ii. 358

Christos the Ophite, Third Man in Ophite system, ii. 42, 59; drawn up with his mother into incorruptible aeon, ii. 43; springs from right side of First Woman, ii. 46; angel or messenger of triune Deity, ii. 54, 63, 64, 65; his two visits to earth, ii. 59; descends with Sophia into Jesus, ii. 60, 61, 79; brings Mysteries to earth, ii. 65; represented by yellow circle in Diagram, ii. 68; likeness of Third Sonhood of Basilides to, ii. 94

Christos, the Valentinian, projected by Nous and Aletheia, ii. 105; draws Sophia within the Pleroma, ii. 105, 114; prayer of Sophia Without to, and its result, ii. 106; Marcus’ juggling with name of, ii. 129; consents to projection of Jesus the Great Fruit of Pleroma, ii. 159 n. 3

Chronos, First Being of Orphics, i. 123; ii. 236

Church, the Catholic, early dislike of, for science of religion, i. liv; destroys traces of religions which she supersedes, i. lix; likeness of Alexandrian festivals to those of, i. 75; Alexandrian clergy divided into seculars and regulars like that of, i. 79; preserves or revives features of Isis-worship, i. 84; worship of Virgin introduced into, at destruction of Serapeum, i. 85; celebration of Eucharist in, temp. Justin, i. 87 n. 1; Simon Magus’ aerial flight the tradition of, i. 178; resemblance of Gnostic sects to Protestant bodies outside, ii. 19; Protestant opponents of, lean to Unitarianism, ii. 20; most Gnostics eventually join, ii. 21; makes no great conquests after suppressing Gnosticism, ii. 23, 24; begins to define and enforce orthodoxy, ii. 77; Valentinus first serious competitor of, ii. 93; Valentinian houses of prayer confiscated for use of, ii. 96; accuses Valentinus of polytheism, ii. 100; Valentinus expects to become bishop of (Tertullian), ii. 117; Valentinus member of, in papacy of Eleutherus, ii. 121; Valentinus never hostile to, ii. 125; seduction scandals not unknown in, ii. 129; growing power of, before Constantine, ii. 132; Valentinianism good recruiting-ground for, ii. 133; Christology of Pistis Sophia not different from that of, ii. 144; Mysteries of the Light of P.S. probably sacraments of, ii. 173; modifies her eschatology and ritual, ii. 201; Marcion claimed as first reformer of, ii. 207; Marcion rejects most traditions of, ii. 214; Marcionite dated inscription earlier than any of, ii. 216; Apelles nearer to doctrine of, than Marcion, ii. 219; Arian controversy brings speculations about Divine Nature within, ii. 221; priests of Mithras not like those of, ii. 273; Manichaeans worst European enemies of, ii. 357; Constantine’s accession leads to forcible suppression of heathenism by, ii. 358

Church, the Manichaean, its predestinarian teaching, ii. 309; consists of Perfects and Superiors only, ii. 313; its magistri, ii. 328 n. 1; its constitution, ii. 330; its schisms, ii. 342; its suppression and revival, ii. 356, 357

Church, the Primitive, its miracles, i. li; ii. 361; its rivals, i. lvii, lxii; its germ in Greek religious confraternities, i. 21; its borrowings from Alexandrian religion, i. 84, 85; its fundamental doctrines not borrowed, i. 88; its heresies, i. 119; its belief as to martyrdom, i. 145 n. 1; ii. 127; its community of goods, i. 162; its angelology, i. 201; its proselytizing zeal, ii. 2, 8; its tradition as to early Gnostics, ii. 8, 9; its destruction of Gnostic books, ii. 12; Asiatic Celts great source of heresy in, ii. 29; acrostics and word-puzzles used by, ii. 35; Ophites attend services of, ii. 63; Ophites connect sacraments of, with heathen mysteries, ii. 82; Trinitarian views of, ii. 121; Valentinians attend services of, ii. 125; baptismal theories of, ii. 168; Eucharistic theories of, ii. 172; Gnosticism both danger and help to, ii. 202; Marcion’s relation to, ii. 204 sqq.; addiction of, to visions of prophets, ii. 219; Fathers say Mithraists copy its sacraments, ii. 247, 260; its alliance with Constantine, ii. 261, 271

Cicero, quoted, i. lvi, lvii n. 1, 129; ii. 32

Cilicia, settlement of Persians in, ii. 229

Circus Maximus, resort of vagabond magicians, temp. Tiberius, i. 108

Claudius I, the Emperor, no Christian converts of rank in reign of (Julian), ii. 8 n. 5

Claudius II, the Emperor, cannot expel Goths from Dacia, ii. 271

Cleanthes of Assos, Ophite silence as to, ii. 83

Clement of Alexandria, accused of heresy, ii. 14 n. 1; initiated into heathen mysteries, ii. 21 n. 3; his fairness to Gnostics, ii. 76 n. 2, 95 n. 2, 199; says angels dwelling in soul, Platonic, ii. 110 n. 1; first Greek author to mention Buddha, ii. 286 n. 4; quoted, i. 40 n. 1, 47 n. 3, 61 n. 1, 73 n. 1, 89 n. 2, 122 n. 2, 124 n. 3, 125 n. 1, 127 n. 1, 142 n. 4, 184 n. 3, 186 nn. 2, 3, 190 n. 1, 194 n. 1; ii. 14, 20 n. 1, 37 n. 1, 39 n. 4, 45 n. 1, 50 n. 2, 65 n. 3, 88 n. 3, 93 n. 4, 95 n. 2, 100 nn. 2-6, 101 n. 2, 106 n. 3, 110 n. 1, 112 n. 3, 113 n. 1, 118, 119, 122 n. 1, 125 n. 3, 129 n. 3, 135 n. 3, 140 n. 2, 144 n. 1, 177 n. 4, 188, 205 n. 5, 219 n. 2, 239 n. 6, 286 n. 4. See Theodoti, Excerpta

Clement of Rome, quoted, i. 8 n. 2; ii. 65 n. 3

Clementines, the, a religious romance, i. 178; Tübingen theory as to, i. 179; quoted, i. 158 n. 4, 178, 181 n. 3, 182 nn. 3, 6, 198; ii. 4 n. 1, 82 n. 2, 219 n. 2

Cleomenes, Satrap of Egypt under Alexander, i. 29

Cleopatra, last of Ptolemies, i. 30

Clitus, death of, i. 13

Coddiani, an Ophite sect, ii. 27 n. 1

Colarbasus, confusion as to name of, ii. 20 n. 1. See Marcus

Commagene, favourite recruiting-ground of legions, ii. 229

Commodus, the Emperor, appears in procession of Isis, i. 54; defiles temple of Mithras with real murder, ii. 262; initiated into Mysteries of Mithras, ii. 270

Confessors. See Martyrs

Confraternities, religious, among pre-Christian Greeks, i. 21; hymns composed by, i. 21 n. 1; frequented by courtezans, i. 22; superstitious practices of, i. 23; contrast between Persian and Egyptian priests and those of Greek, i. 25; propaganda of, i. 26; Alexandrian religion first spread by, i. 52, 77; Greek Orphics not formed into, i. 139 n. 3, 141; secret, among Jews, temp. Christ, i. 175

Conington, Prof. John, his version of Hymn of Great Mysteries, quoted, ii. 54

Constantine, the Emperor, his pact with the Church, i. lvii, lxii; ii. 9, 12, 261, 271; his edict as to heresy, i. lix n. 1; ii. 359; his conversion leaves Alexandrian religion still powerful, i. 83; many Simonians in reign of, i. 200; only baptized on his deathbed, ii. 168 n. 6; his conversion enables Christians to suppress Gnosticism, ii. 199; and puts stop to spread of Marcionism, ii. 220; his failure against Persians, ii. 226; his family religion Sun-worship, ii. 261; his enquiry into Manichaeism, ii. 355; persecution of Manichaeans slackens in reign of, ii. 356

Copernicus, i. 117

Corbicius or Kubrik, name of Manes in Christian tradition, ii. 279, 286

Corbulo, his wars with Persians, ii. 225

Cora or Kore, inseparable from Demeter, i. 127 n. 3; ii. 45 n. 1; called Mise at Pergamum, i. 143 n. 1. See Persephone, Proserpine

Correspondences, doctrine of, i. 115 sqq.; in system of Simon Magus, i. 183; in that of Ophites, ii. 75; in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 191 n. 2. See Maspero

Corybantes, the, hide pudendum of Bacchus in box, i. 73 n. 1

Corybas, identified with Attis, i. 139 n. 1

Cosmocrator, epithet of Valentinian Devil, ii. 108, 256

Courdaveaux, M. Victor, quoted, ii. 14 n. 1, 122. See Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian

Crassus, his defeat by Persians, i. 8; ii. 225

Cretans, call Isis, Diana Dictynna, i. 56

Crete, birthplace of Zeus, i. 16; and of Zagreus, i. 37; scene of Rape of Persephone, i. 40 n. 1; Orphic myths early known in, i. 121, 122; Orphic gold plates found in, i. 131; Great Goddess of Asia worshipped in, ii. 45 n. 1; double axe in, ii. 67 n. 3; Ophites in, ii. 77

Creuzer, Georg Fritz, quoted, i. 130 n. 1

Cross, the. See Stauros; Eli, Eli

Crucifixion, the, in appearance only ap. Basilides, ii. 17; and ap. Manichaeans, ii. 320; Gospel of Nicodemus confirms Gospel account of, ii. 79; Valentinian teaching on, ii. 116; Jesus teaches for 20 years after (Irenaeus), ii. 61 n. 1; for 12 (Pistis Sophia and Bruce Papyrus), ii. 194. See Simon of Cyrene

Cruice, the Abbé, quoted, i. 180 n. 4

Cryptogram. See Akae, Armageddon, Bega, Pistis Sophia, Taxo

Cumont, Prof. Franz, his work on Mithras described, ii. 236; quoted, i. 22, 119; ii. 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 274, 277, 289 n. 3, 293 nn. 1, 2, 294 n. 2, 295 n. 2, 298 n. 1, 299 n. 1, 302 n. 1, 304 n. 1, 319 n. 1, 321, 322 n. 2, 323 n. 2, 324 n. 4, 327 nn. 1, 4, 328 nn. 2, 3, 329 n. 2, 332 n. 2, 348 n. 2

Curetes, the, their connection with Orphism, i. 128, 142 n. 2; and with Attis, i. 139 n. 1

Cybele, her worship in Athenian associations, i. 17, 25; her legend in Asia Minor, i. 37; identified with Isis, i. 55, 56; and with Demeter and Rhea, i. 124, 126; the Mother of the Gods, i. 136; Sabazius her son, i. 137; feminine form of Dionysos, i. 137 n. 1; in Orphic hymns, 139 n. 1, 143; Phrygia chief seat of worship of, ii. 28; her eunuch-priests, ii. 30 n. 3; alluded to in Jeremiah, ii. 32; called Agdistis, ii. 39; identified with Ma, Artemis, Aphrodite, etc., ii. 39, 40; always an earth-goddess, ii. 45 n. 1; associated with double axe, ii. 67 n. 3; her connection with Mithras, ii. 258; adored by Julian, ii. 269; worshipped in Manichaeism as Mother of Life, ii. 300 n. 1

Cylon, Athens purified for murder of, i. 121

Cypriotes, the, call Isis, Venus, i. 56

Cyprus, Adonis worship in, i. 37; ii. 40; Alexandrian divinities in, i. 52; and Orphic, i. 143

Cyranides, Le Livre des, quoted by M. de Mély as to “Mystery of Axe,” ii. 67 n. 3

Cyrenaica, the, Jewish atrocities in, ii. 5 n. 3

Cyrene, Buddhist mission to King of, i. 20; Ptolemy Soter annexes, i. 29; Ophites in, ii. 77.

Cyril of Alexandria, replaces Isis by two medical saints, i. 86 n. 1

Cyril of Jerusalem, describes elaborate rite of baptism in IVth cent., ii. 22 n. 1

Cytheraea. See Aphrodite

Cyzicus, worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53; and of Eleusinian Triad, i. 136

Dacia, its settlement by Trajan, ii. 271. See Aurelian; Claudius II

Dactyli, the Idaean, first of men, i. 106 n. 3

Damascius, the neo-Platonist, quoted, i. 55 n. 4, 135; ii. 236 n. 4, 250 n. 1, 252 n. 2

Damascus, Perdiccas attacks Egypt from, i. 30

Daniel, Book of, first gives personal names of angels, i. 158; assumes nations divided among angels, i. 199; addiction of Babylonian Jews to curious arts in, ii. 33. See Antiochus Epiphanes

Danube Provinces, the, worship of Alexandrian divinities in, i. 53

Darius, son of Hystaspes, ii. 225, 227; his inscription at Behistun quoted, ii. 233

Darkness, the Dragon of Outer, the most terrible hell in Texts of Saviour, ii. 166 n. 2; its 12 torture-chambers, ii. 183; surrounds the earth, ii. 256

Darmesteter, James, quoted, ii. 232 nn. 1, 5, 237 n. 3, 241 n. 1, 248 n. 3, 278 n. 1, 284, 300 n. 2, 327 n. 3

Darwin, Charles, his doctrine of survival of the fittest, i. li sqq., 117

David, King of Israel, vassal of Philistines, i. 160 n. 4; Psalms of, in Pistis Sophia, ii. 157

Dead, Baptism for, ii. 168; Book of the, quoted, i. 31, 32, 55, 132, 134; ii. 66, 72 n. 3

Death, Valentinian theories about, ii. 107, 110, 113, 129 n. 3; in Pistis Sophia a serpent with 7 heads, ii. 156 n. 3; of initiates in Texts of Saviour, ii. 167 sqq.; in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 195; of sinner in Texts of Saviour, ii. 186 sq.; of worshipper of Mithras, ii. 266; of Manichaean Perfect, ii. 309; of Manichaean Hearer, ii. 311

Decad, of Valentinus, described, ii. 101; meaning of names of, ii. 102, 103

Deisidaimon, the, of Theophrastus, quoted, i. 140

Delos, worship of Alexandrian gods, i. 53

Delphi, its oracle used to legitimize foreign deities, i. 16; oracle of Serapis at Alexandria competes with, i. 77; no public worship at temple of, i. 85; remains of Dionysos buried at, i. 125

Demeter, scene of her trials, i. 16, 40 n. 1; her wanderings shown to initiates, i. 40; her part in Anthesteria, i. 42; likeness of legend of, to that of Isis, i. 43; identified with Persephone, i. 46; Homeric hymn to, quoted, i. 59; mystic marriage with Zeus, i. 61 n. 1, 133, 142 n. 4, 144; consecrations to, in reign of Valentinian and Valens, i. 83; swine sacrificed to, i. 95; mother of Persephone ap. Orphics, i. 124; and of Iacchos, i. 125; an earth goddess with many names, i. 126; ii. 45 n. 1; Orphics in mysteries of, i. 127 n. 3; assessor of Dionysos in Pindar, i. 129 n. 3; alterations in legend of, introduced by Orphics, i. 130; her widespread worship, i. 135; in mysteries of Samothrace, i. 136 n. 2; associated with god of double axe, ii. 67 n. 3; appears as Mother of Life in Manichaeism, ii. 300 n. 2. See Ceres, Rayet

Demetrius of Phalerum, takes charge of Ptolemy’s Museum, i. 44 n. 2

Demetrius Poliorcetes, his deification, i. 18 n. 4, 19; his attack on Egypt fails, i. 29 n. 2

Demiurge, the, or Architect of the Universe, in Justinus’ system, ii. 82; called the Great Archon by Basilides, ii. 91; identified with God of the Jews by Valentinus, ii. 107 n. 2, 109, 114; author of psychic or animal souls, ii. 112; in Marcion’s system, ii. 210, 211, 212, 214 n. 3; Messiah of, ii. 211, 213; identified with Mithras, ii. 248

Demophoon, Celeus’ son and nursling of Demeter, i. 40

Demosthenes, his oration against Aeschines, quoted, i. 138

Dendera, union of Osiris and Isis depicted at, i. 61 n. 1

Deo, name of Demeter in Orphic hymn, i. 142

Derenbourg, Hartwig, quoted, i. 163 n. 3

Derketo, homonym of Atargatis or Dea Syria (Garstang), ii. 40 n. 1, 300 n. 2

Despoena, epithet of Persephone, i. 133

Destiny or Heimarmene, the sphere of, in Pistis Sophia, ii. 137 n. 2, 143 n. 1, 153, 154; in Texts of Saviour, ii. 174, 184; in Mithraism, ii. 255 sq. See Moira

Diadochi, the, or Successors of Alexander, i. 14, 52

Diagram, the Ophites’, ii. 66-71; prayers to powers depicted in, ii. 71-74; place of Ophiomorphus in, ii. 77

Diana Dictynna, Cretan goddess identified with Isis, i. 56

Didache, the, source of Apostolical Constitutions (Duchesne), ii. 7 n. 2

Dieterich, Prof. Albert, quoted, i. 141, 142; ii. 255. See Mithraism, Orpheus

Dill, Sir Samuel, quoted, i. lvii, lix, 24, 54 n. 3; ii. 87, 272, 359

Dinkard, the, quoted, i. 134 n. 1

Diocletian, the Emperor, makes Mithraism state religion, i. 81, 119 n. 1, 228, 271; his persecution of Christians, ii. 12, 23; his victories over Persians, ii. 226; his adoption of Persian ways, ii. 228

Diodorus Siculus, authority for Oriental religions, i. 9; quoted, i. 31 n. 1, 43 n. 3

Diogenes, the Cynic, his saying about Patecion quoted, i. 131

Dionysia, the, peculiarly popular in Northern Greece, i. 136

Dionysion, temple of Dionysos at Athens, i. 42

Dionysius, the Areopagite, his orders of angels, i. 188 n. 1

Dionysos, a Thracian or Thessalian god, i. 17; legend of Cretan, i. 37, 46; diaspasm or tearing to pieces of, i. 37, 125; identified with Iacchos, i. 39, 40; and with Zagreus, i. 42, 125; legend of, told in Little Mysteries, i. 42; identified with Osiris, i. 43, 48; his relations with Demeter and Persephone, i. 47; ii. 39; identified with Hades, i. 47, 48, 130; with Apollo, i. 48; god of dead to Alexandrians, i. 49; Boeotian worship of, i. 52; his mystic marriage with Demeter, i. 61 n. 1; called the Vine, i. 64 n. 3; his temple at Alexandria demolished by Theophilus, i. 83; the Liberator, i. 90 n. 1; sacrifices to, i. 95; his likeness to Tammuz, i. 122 n. 3; his legend centre of Orphic teaching, i. 123; identified with Orphic Phanes, i. 124, 144; with Zeus, i. 125 n. 2; Orphics connect his death with man’s creation and rebirth, i. 126; soul of man part of, i. 127, 133; omophagy chief rite of worship of, i. 128; ii. 112; soul of man united with, i. 129, 144; called Eubuleus, i. 133; widespread worship of, i. 135; identified with Adonis, i. 137; and Sabazius, i. 138; and Attis, i. 139; Orphic hymns to, i. 142 n. 3, 143; son of Semele, i. 145; an androgyne deity, 145, 185; all Graeco-Roman gods tend to merge in, i. 146, 147; will succeed Zeus, i. 186; jealousy of, cause of diaspasm, i. 190 n. 2; spouse of Persephone and her son, ii. 39; the soul of the world, ii. 50 n. 2; called Pappas, ii. 57; and Iao, ii. 71 n. 1. See Bacchus, Iao

Diotima, gives traditional view of Platonic affinity, i. 195 n. 1

Discourse, The True, of Celsus, probable date of, ii. 66

Docetism, a mark of heresy, ii. 17; Marcion’s adherence to, ii. 210; Manichaeans profess, ii. 318, 348

Dodecad, the, of Valentinus, ii. 101 sqq.; its duplication explained, ii. 145 n. 8; Egyptian parallel to, 176

Doinel, Jules, founder of modern Valentinianism, ii. 133 n. 1

Döllinger, Dr, quoted, i. 140 nn. 2, 3; ii. 164 n. 3, 168, 169, 172

Dositheus the heresiarch, founder of sect (Eusebius), ii. 6 n. 3

Dove, in Pistis Sophia, emblem of Holy Spirit, ii. 135 n. 3; and of Great Goddess, ibid.; in Manichaeism, 302 n. 1

Drexler, Prof. Anton, quoted, i. 85

Drogheda, Cromwell’s letter after Siege of, ii. 85 n. 2

Dualism, distinguishing feature of Manichaeism, ii. 289

Duchesne, Mgr Louis, quoted, i. 89 n. 1; ii. 1 n. 5, 4, 5 n. 2, 7 n. 2, 11 n. 2, 14 n. 1, 22 n. 2, 122 n. 1, 178 n. 1, 202 n. 2

Dyaus, the god, worshipped in Vedas and by Persians, i. 73 n. 4; ii. 231 n. 1

Ebionites, the, their connection with the Church at Pella, ii. 5 n. 1; with the Clementines, ii. 82

Ecbatana, one of the four Persian capitals, i. 3

Ecclesia or Church, the incorruptible aeon or Pleroma of the Ophites, ii. 43, 60; used for assembly of souls, ii. 75; member of third Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98, 100, 102; Italic school make her mother of Dodecad, ii. 119; power breathed into man in Pistis Sophia, ii. 179

Ecclesiasticus, member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Ecpyrosis or Destruction of the world by fire, doctrine common to Stoics and Persians, ii. 250; symbolized by lion-headed figure in Mithraism, ii. 251; in Manichaeism, ii. 297; in Mazdeism, Pistis Sophia, and Texts of Saviour, ii. 297 n. 1

Ectroma or Abortion. See Sophia (2)

Edessa, King of, protects Bardesanes, ii. 120; Valentinians of, persecuted by Arians, temp. Julian, ii. 132; Gnosticism comes into Persia from, ii. 283

Edfu, Horus worshipped at, i. 45; Ptolemies restore temple of, i. 52

Egypt, Greek gods derived from (Herodotus), i. 16; assigned to Ptolemy on Alexander’s death, i. 28 sqq.; priestly character of religion of, i. 31 sq.; totemistic character of early religion of, i. 37; its influence on its conquerors, i. 51; religion of, degenerates into sorcery, i. 57; inspires Alexandrian views on next world, i. 60; Osiris-worship in, temp. Pharaohs, i. 64 n. 3; daily services in temples, i. 66; early cosmogonies of, i. 73; ii. 36, 175; Ptolemy endows Alexandrian religion in, i. 76; Alexandrian religion in, temp. Julian, i. 83; pre-Christian features surviving in, i. 85 sq.; triune god worshipped in Pharaonic, i. 88; magicians of, use foreign words, i. 93; Magic Papyri found in, i. 97 sqq.; Gnosticism in, quickly decays, i. 111; earth goddess worshipped in, i. 126; Orphic hymns perhaps composed in, i. 141; suzerain of Solomon, i. 160 n. 4; lower classes in, first become Christian, ii. 8 n. 5; Ophites in, ii. 76 sqq. See Christians, Eleusis, Enoch, Jews

Egyptians, the, sacred books of, translated into Greek, i. 9; opposed to monotheism before Alexander, i. 11; priests of, oppose innovations, i. 24; theocrasia known to earliest, i. 33, 46, 54; their Osiris-worship bond with Greeks, i. 38; their worship of animals, i. 45; most superstitious and fanatic of men in Philhellenic times, i. 50; oppose Alexandrian religion, ii. 51; respect paid to, in Alexandrian religion, i. 56, 73, 74; use foreign words in magic, i. 93; think earthly Nile copy of heavenly river, i. 116 n. 1; their idea of eating gods to get powers, i. 125 n. 3; their obligation to Hebrews ap. Artapanus, i. 173; their worship of mortal gods absurd to Greeks, ii. 16; gods of, husbands of their mothers, ii. 39; their addiction to mapping-out invisible world, ii. 109; think only rich happy after death, ii. 112 n. 1; origin of their triune god, ii. 121 n. 3; their use of allegory, ii. 123; their anxiety about nature of god and future of soul, ii. 131; embrace monastic life in great numbers, ii. 175; Pistis Sophia unintelligible without knowledge of religion of Pharaonic, ii. 177; their horror of Amenti, ii. 195, 196; their enthusiasm for life of priest, ii. 200; degradation of Christianity and Gnosticism by, ii. 201; the wisdom of, taught to Manes’ predecessor, ii. 285. See First Man, Jews

Egyptians, Gospel according to, said to contain Ophite doctrine of transmigration, ii. 65, 79; possible source of passage in Pistis Sophia, ii. 161 n. 4

Eieazareie, a word used in magic, ii. 33 n. 2. See Yahweh of Israel

Elephantine, mixed religion of Jews at, ii. 32 n. 4, 43 n. 2

Eleusinia, the Festivals following Mysteries, i. 136

Eleusinion, the Athenian, sacred things deposited in, i. 39

Eleusis, scene of goddesses’ trials, i. 16; Mysteries of, described, i. 38-41; initiation at, preceded by Little Mysteries, i. 41 sq.; likeness of Legend of, to that of Osiris, i. 43; date of reformation of Mysteries of, ibid.; theocrasia result of, i. 46; Calathos or basket-crown of Serapis borrowed from, i. 49; Mysteries of, rob death of its terrors, i. 59; mystic marriage of god and goddess crowning scene at, i. 61 n. 1; formula repeated by initiates at, i. 62 n. 2; Alexandrian mysteries more popular than those of, i. 66; initiates at, carry rods, i. 68 n. 2; hereditary priesthood of, i. 76; worshippers of other gods consecrated to those of, i. 83; Baubo a personage in Mysteries of, i. 100; the God and the Goddess of, i. 126; ii. 39; entry of Dionysos into, i. 130; gods of, worshipped outside Attica, i. 135; reason for secrecy of Mysteries of, i. 139 n. 2; priestesses of, called bees, i. 143 n. 4; part of Dionysos at, after Orphic reform, i. 145; sacramental grace of Mysteries of, i. 147; baptism among Gnostics borrows features from, ii. 22; Phrygian deities identified with those of, ii. 31; Ophites borrow doctrines from, ii. 54; Ophites’ opinion of Mysteries of, i. 57

Eleutherna, Orphic gold plates found at, i. 131, 132

Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani, called names of God in magic, ii. 33 n. 2

Elijah, the Prophet, his soul in Pistis Sophia placed in St John Baptist, ii. 137, 149, 150; in Paradise of Adam, ii. 179; ascension of, inspires Mithraic monuments, ii. 248

Elizabeth, mother of St John Baptist, her conception arranged by Sophia ap. Ophites, ii. 53; by Virgin of Light in Pistis Sophia, ii. 137

Eloaeus, ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 47, 73; corresponds to Hebrew Elohe, ii. 71 n. 1. See Ailoaios

Elpis or Hope, member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Emanation, defined, i. 181 n. 2; doctrine common to all post-Christian Gnostics, ii. 19 n. 1

Empedocles, derives everything from four roots or elements, i. 197

Encratites, the, sect said to be founded by Tatian, ii. 220

En-ki or Ea, the god, creator of pattern man, i. lxiii n. 1

Ennead, the Egyptian, its irregular number of gods, ii. 92

Ennoia, second of Simon Magus’ six “Roots,” i. 180; Simon Magus’ called Epinoia by Hippolytus, i. 180 n. 4; ii. 20 n. 1; in Great Announcement first female power, i. 182; her Orphic and Jewish analogues, i. 185; produces angels who make universe, i. 187, 195; seized by world-making angels and condemned to transmigration, i. 190, 196; identified with Helen of Tyre, ibid.; redeemed by Simon, i. 191; inconsistency of stories regarding, i. 193; in Ophite system, name of Second Man, ii. 38; Ophiomorphus called, ii. 49; spouse of Bythos according to some Valentinians, ii. 97

Enoch, mass of Apocrypha connected with name of, i. 159, 160, 164; dates of same, i. 162 n. 1, 163, 164 n. 1; connection of Essenes with, i. 168; in Pistis Sophia, author of books written in Paradise, ii. 147 n. 5, 194 n. 2

Enoch, Book of, fall of angels in, i. 191 n. 1; ii. 154; quoted in Pistis Sophia, ii. 155; quoted, i. 160, 161, 162 n. 2, 165, 169; ii. 155

Enoch, Book of the Secrets of, seven heavens arranged as in Mithraism, ii. 257

Epaminondas, suffers in Hades because not initiated, i. 131

Ephesus, many-breasted goddess of, i. lvi, 17; ii. 40; worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53; Nicolaitans at, ii. 25

Ephrem Syrus, finds Valentinianism in Bardesanes’ hymns, ii. 120; his date, ibid.; quoted, ii. 316 n. 1

Epicurus, his statement of the problem of evil, ii. 217

Epimenides, introduces Orphic myths into Athens, i. 121

Epinoia. See Ennoia

Epiphanius, bishop of Constantia, a Nicolaitan in his youth, i. 112 n. 1; ii. 21 n. 5; his ignorance about the Essenes, i. 155; his date and work, ii. 10, 77; quoted, i. 190, 191, 193, 197, 198, 199; ii. 10, 11, 14, 27, 46 n. 3, 61, 79, 80, 81, 90 n. 1, 92 n. 3, 93 nn. 1, 2, 95, 205, 213, 215, 219, 279 n. 2

Epitaph, Valentinian, in Via Nazionale, ii. 129

Erataoth, name of power in Diagram, ii. 71

Eratosthenes, studies at Museum of Alexandria, i. 45

Ergamenes, King of Ethiopia, his massacre of priests of Amen, i. 31 n. 1

Eris-ki-gal or Ereshchigal, the goddess, Sumerian counterpart of Persephone, i. 100

Eros, Horus takes attributes of, i. 50; first-born god of Orphics, i. 123; Orphic, known to Aristophanes, i. 124; his likeness to Valentinian Agape, ii. 98 n. 1; and to Marcion’s Supreme Being, ii. 210; hymns to, sung by Lycomidae, ii. 210 n. 1

Esaldaios, variant of Ialdabaoth or El Shaddai, ii. 46 n. 3

Esculapius. See Asklepios

Essarts, M. Fabre des, head of L’Église Gnostique, ii. 133 n. 1

Essenes, the, third party among Jews, temp. Josephus, i. lv, 152; perhaps borrow from Buddhism, i. 20; a “philosophic” sect, i. 151; meaning of name, i. 152; Josephus’ account of, i. 152-154; Philo’s, i. 154, 155; girdle used by them like Parsis’ kosti, i. 153 nn. 1, 4; description of, by Pliny, Hippolytus, and Porphyry, i. 155; wild theories about, i. 155, 156; their connection with Orphics, i. 156, 168; essentially Gnostics, i. 157; use of Cabala by, i. 157, 158, 169; names of angels kept secret by, i. 158; Enochian literature due to, i. 159, 167; peculiar interpretation of Scripture, i. 168, 171; probably extinct after Hadrian, i. 170; divisions among, possible, i. 175 n. 3; Simon Magus’ teaching opposite to that of, i. 202; connection with Ebionites doubtful, ii. 5 n. 1; points in common with Christians, ii. 6. See Ritschl

Ethiopia, priests of Amen flee to, i. 31; Thueris the hippopotamus goddess called “Cat of,” i. 37 n. 1

Ethiopians, their rule in Egypt, i. 31, 51; worship Isis, i. 56; Psammetichos expels them, i. 101

Etymologicum Magnum. See Gaisford

Eubouleus or Eubuleus, a name of Dionysos, i. 133, 137 n. 1, 142, 143; identified with Adonis by Orphics, i. 137. See Zeus Chthonios

Eubulus, author of lost work on Mithras, ii. 236

Eucharist, the, rite resembling it among Serapiasts, i. 87; simple mode of celebration in Primitive Church, i. 87 n. 1; thaumaturgic accompaniments among heretics, ibid., and ii. 129, 187; obscene parody of, i. 198; magical efficacy of, among Gnostics, ii. 22, 63; in Apostolic times follows baptism immediately, ii. 22 n. 1; Ophite additions to, doubtful, ii. 61; Ophite ideas concerning, i. 63; Marcus’ profanation of, ii. 129; called a mystery, ii. 165; views of Primitive Church as to, ii. 171; Döllinger’s remarks on, ii. 172; rite described in Texts of Saviour and Bruce Papyrus probably Marcosian, ii. 187; celebrated with water among certain sects, ii. 188, 215; ceremony resembling, in Mithraism, ii. 247, 260; in Manichaeism probably confined to Elect, ii. 348. See Pistis Sophia, Bruce Papyrus, Huysmans

Eudemos of Rhodes, earliest authority for Zervanism among Magi, ii. 236 n. 4, 252 n. 2

Eudoxos of Cnidos, his use of acrostics in astronomical work, i. 169

Euhemerus of Messene, his theory that gods were deified men, i. 19

Eukles, name of god in Orphic gold plate, i. 133

Eumenides, the, said by Orphics to be children of Persephone, i. 142

Eumolpidae, exegetes attached to, i. 44 n. 1; hereditary priests of Mysteries of Eleusis, i. 76

Euphrates, the heresiarch, founder of Ophites ap. Origen, ii. 25; called the “Peratic” or Mede, ii. 26 n. 1

Euripides, Parthians act plays of, i. 8; represents Dionysos as androgyne, i. 47 n. 4; supports identification of Dionysos and Apollo, i. 48; Orphic doctrines well known to, i. 123; quoted, i. 39, 128, 149 n. 1

Europe, Alexander’s marriage of, with Asia, i. lviii; Oriental religions pass into, i. 20; after Alexander, Egypt becomes granary of, i. 28; Alexandrian religion passes into, i. 77; Phrygia invaded by celibate warriors from, ii. 40

Eusebius of Caesarea, quoted, i. 199, 200; ii. 4 n. 3, 6 n. 4, 10 n. 1, 12 n. 5, 18 n. 3, 23 n. 2, 83 n. 1, 88 n. 2, 96 n. 2, 120 n. 2, 132 n. 2, 206 nn. 2, 5, 220 n. 3, 221 n. 1, 359

Euxitheus, the Pythagoric, authority for Orphic doctrine of burial of soul in body, i. 127 n. 1. See Philolaos

Evander, bishop of Nicomedia, rabbles Ophites, ii. 77

Eve, the protoplast, confusion of name of, with Evoe, ii. 20 n. 1; Ophite legend of, ii. 52, 58, 70; and Manichaean, ii. 299, 306

Evoe, word used in Mysteries of Sabazius, i. 138; in those of Attis, i. 139 n. 1; ii. 54 n. 6; Clement of Alexandria connects it with Eve, ii. 20 n. 1

Ezekiel, the Prophet, shows hatred of Jews for Gentiles, i. 167 n. 4; quoted, i. 186 n. 2; ii. 32, 43 n. 2

Eznig of Goghp, quoted, ii. 217, 285

Ezra, the Prophet, Apocalypse attributed to, quoted, i. 163, 164, 165, 167 nn. 3, 4; ii. 81

Farrah (Seistan), probably Prophthasia of Arrian, i. 4 n. 1

Fatak. See Patecius

Father, Mithraic priests addressed as, ii. 261; name of highest Mithraic degree, ii. 262, 267

Father-and-Son, Dionysos the double of his father, i. 47; name of Ophite Supreme God, ii. 38, 39, 67; First Mystery of Pistis Sophia, ii. 144; Mithras may be, ii. 248

Fathers of the Church, their writings neglected till lately, i. 1; call all early heretics Gnostics, i. lviii, 171; say Simon Magus parent of Gnosticism, i. 176, 200; know little of many heresies, i. 200; ii. 9; agree as to Ophites, ii. 36; their account of Marcus the magician, ii. 128, 167; their hostility to Gnosticism justified, ii. 199; say devil inspires Mithraists to imitate Church, ii. 247; ascribe Apocrypha of Thomas and Andrew to Manichaean Leucius, ii. 351

Faventinus, Ulpius Egnatius, priest of Isis and other deities, i. 83

Fihrist, the, of Muhammad ben Ishak or En-Nadîm, quoted, ii. 279 n. 3, 280, 287 n. 4, 289 n. 2, 290 n. 3, 291 n. 1, 292, 293 n. 1, 294 n. 1, 295 n. 1, 296 n. 1, 299 n. 2, 300 n. 2, 302 n. 1, 304 n. 1, 309, 310, 312 nn. 1, 2, 313, 314, 322 n. 2, 332, 333, 342 nn. 1, 2

Fîrûz. See Peroz

Foakes-Jackson, Canon, quoted, ii. 215 n. 1, 216 n. 4, 223

Forefather, the Great Unseen or Propator, member of ruling Triad of Left or material powers in Pistis Sophia, ii. 142, 150, 155

Foucart, M. George. quoted, i. 91

Foucart, M. Paul, his works on Mysteries of Eleusis, i. 38 n. 3; quoted, i. 17 n. 1, 21 nn. 1, 2, 22 n. 2, 23 n. 2, 25 nn. 2, 3, 39 nn. 1-3, 40 nn. 3, 4, 41 nn. 1-3, 42 nn. 1, 2, 43, 44 n. 1, 47 n. 1, 48 n. 2, 52 n. 3, 59 n. 4, 61 n. 1, 65 n. 6, 130 n. 1, 133 n. 1, 137 n. 5, 143 n. 4

France, Isiac monuments found in, i. 53; and Mithraic, ii. 230

Fravashis, the, or Ferouers in Mazdeism, ii. 110 n. 1

Frazer, Sir James G., quoted, i. 43, 91, 96 n. 4, 158 n. 2

Freemasonry, Catholic accusation of obscene rites against, ii. 18 n. 2; Mithraism a Pagan (Renan), ii. 264

Gabinius, Proconsul of Syria, rebuilds Samaria after destruction by Jews, i. 177

Gabriel, the angel, in Book of Daniel, i. 158; named in Magic Papyri, ii. 34; name of sphere in Diagram, ii. 70; in Pistis Sophia, Jesus assumes shape of, at Annunciation, ii. 137, 138; with Michael bears Pistis Sophia out of Chaos, ii. 156, 355 n. 1

Gaea or Gê, the Orphic earth goddess, i. 123, 133, 185; ii. 45 n. 1

Gaisford, Dean, his notes to Etymologicum Magnum quoted, i. 137 n. 3

Galatae, the, their settlement in Asia Minor, ii. 28

Galerius, the Emperor, speech of Persian ambassador to, ii. 226; affects state of Persian Shah, ii. 228 n. 2

Galli, the, eunuch priests of Cybele, ii. 30 n. 3

Ganymede, burlesqued in procession of Isis, i. 71

Garôtman, abode of Infinite Light in Mazdeism, ii. 249

Gaumata, the Magian pseudo-Smerdis in Behistun inscription, ii. 233

Gayômort, the First Man in Mazdeism, i. lxi; slain by Ahriman, i. 126 n. 3; his legend in Bundahish, ii. 246

Geb, the Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, Isis, Set and Nephthys, i. 33, 133 n. 1

Gehenna, in Enochian literature, i. 165, 167; in Diagram, ii. 69

Genghiz Khan, his invasion and conquests, i. 5 n. 1, 14

Gentiles, the, their relations with Jews in earliest Christian centuries, i. lv, lvi; hostility of Jews against, partly due to Roman taxation, i. 163 n. 1; final fate of, ap. Jews, i. 164, 165, 166, 167; rebellion of Jews against, i. 172; Jewish hatred recognized by, after Titus, ii. 5; non-Jewish Christianity necessary for conversion of, ii. 21

George the Syncellus, quoted, i. 124 n. 3. See Monogenes

Gerizim, Mount, temple of, rival to that of Jerusalem, i. 177

Germany, i. 7; Isiac monuments found in, i. 53; and Mithraic, ii. 230

Gibbon, Edward, the historian, his Decline and Fall (Bury’s ed.), quoted, i. 1, 85, 86 n. 2; ii. 7 n. 1, 12 n. 5, 96 n. 3, 127 n. 4, 226 nn. 1-6, 227 n. 1, 228 n. 2, 271 n. 2

Gilgamesh, the Babylonian hero, ii. 287 n. 4

Giraud, Father François, his Ophitae quoted, i. 100 n. 1; ii. 26 n. 5, 41 n. 2, 44 n. 2, 64, 68, 70, 71 n. 2, 79 n. 2

Gladstone, Mr, his controversy with Huxley, i. liii

Glaucias, the interpreter of St Peter and teacher of Basilides, ii. 90 n. 3. See Ptolemy, son of Glaucias

Glaucothea, mother of Aeschines and priestess of Sabazius, i. 22, 138

Glory, the Column of, in Manichaeism, ii. 296, 308, 309, 332

Glory, the King of, in Manichaeism, ii. 148 n. 3; in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 325

Glycon, the god worshipped at Nicomedia, temp. Gordian, i. 24. See Alexander of Abonoteichos

Gnosticism, ideas at root of, opposed to religion, i. 90; the importance of knowledge of the spiritual world, i. 111; Christianity may be only episode in history of, ibid.; impulse given to, by rise of astrology, i. 119; earliest pre-Christian form of, i. 120; Simon Magus said to be parent of all later, i. 176; a hydra, i. 200; does not compete with orthodox Christianity till IInd cent., ii. 2; early converts from, ii. 21; its services to Church, ii. 21, 202; alleged necessity for forcible suppression of, ii. 23; Montanism and, only formidable heresies in early centuries, ii. 29 n. 1; likeness of, to Cabala, ii. 36 n. 1; becomes ethical after contact with philosophers, ii. 87; first form of Egyptian, unknown, ii. 89; Valentinus transforms Christian, ii. 93; degenerates into magic in Egypt, ii. 199; rotten before it was ripe (Inge), ii. 199 n. 3; bridge between Paganism and Christianity, ii. 200; its suppression by Church, ii. 359

Gnostics, generic name for many different sects, i. lviii, 171; worship of Greek confraternities resembles that of, i. 21; form of Christian sacraments borrowed from, i. 87 n. 1; Tertullian’s views on Trinity influenced by, i. 89 n. 2; their use of magic (Hippolytus), i. 109; points common to Orphics and post-Christian, i. 148; Essenes, Gnostics in larger sense, i. 157; conceal themselves during persecution, i. 200; symbolic construction of Gospels by, ii. 6; our sources of information as to, ii. 10; “the great Gnostics of Hadrian’s time,” ii. 12; writings of, ii. 13; call Jesus Monogenes, ii. 15; magical ideas of pre-Christian, ii. 18; exchange of doctrines among, ii. 20; introduce statues, incense, etc., ii. 22; term Homoousios first used by, ii. 23 n. 1; Barbeliotae etc. so called by Epiphanius, ii. 27, 77; Carpocratians first call themselves, ii. 27; the “perfect Gnostics” of the Naassenes, ii. 56 n. 1; become active after St Paul’s preaching in Asia Minor, ii. 85; Mithraists perhaps copy certain doctrines of, ii. 248; may get ideas of destiny from Babylon, ii. 256

Gonds, the, sorcerers of Aryan races, i. 92

Gordian III, the Emperor, Glycon worship in reign of, i. 24

Goshurun or Goshurvan, the Heavenly Bull of the Avesta, ii. 243; in Bundahish, slain by Ahriman, ii. 246

Gospel, the Fourth, its date, ii. 178; not quoted in Pistis Sophia, ii. 177; nor by Marcion, ii. 208 n. 1; quoted, i. 177 n. 5; ii. 117 n. 1, 123 n. 3, 161 n. 4, 177, 190

Goths, of Dacia, converted en masse, ii. 271

Gracchus, Urban Prefect of Rome, temp. Gratian, ii. 272

Graecia, Magna, overthrow of Pythagoreans in, i. 122; Orphic gold plates found in, i. 169

Granicus, the, Greek troops on Persian side at, i. 7

Gratian, the Emperor, Epiphanius’ Panarion written in his 7th year, ii. 10; spread of Marcionism in his reign, ii. 205; Mithraea wrecked with his sanction, ii. 272; financial measures against Paganism, ii. 358

Gratidia or Canidia of Horace, her sister witch a Thessalian, i. 108

Great Britain, Isiac monuments found in, i. 53; and Mithraic, ii. 230

Greece, Persians repulsed in their attack on, i. 1; Alexander in Seistan receives grapes from, i. 4 n. 1; theocrasia in, i. 15, 16; gods of, coalesce with those of Asia Minor, i. 17; its religious confraternities, i. 21; Dionysos-worship brought into, from Egypt, i. 43; Orphic teaching first appears in, i. 112; comes into, from Thrace, i. 122; Dionysos youngest of gods of, i. 123; popular theology of, i. 124; propagation of Orphic ideas in, i. 135; no regular association called Orphic in, i. 139 n. 3, 141; mysteries of Chthonian deities in, attended by Gnostics, ii. 21; great goddess worshipped in, ii. 45 n. 1; Ophites have settlements in, ii. 77; Mithraism keeps out of, ii. 230. See Hellas

Greeks, the, rush of, to Asia after Alexander’s conquests, i. 7; adopt foreign gods in IVth cent. B.C., i. 15, 16; Alexander’s deification a shock to, i. 18; rise of Euhemerism among, i. 19; ii. 28; no priestly caste among, i. 24, 76; theocrasia popular among, i. 33, 54, 56; Osiris myth common to Egyptians and, i. 38; Alexandrian religion careful of susceptibilities of, i. 44; think Demeter and Persephone one, i. 46; Apollo always a sun-god among, i. 48; mistake of, as to Harpocrates, i. 50; their fear of gods temp. Homer, i. 57; Homeric flattery of gods, i. 95; turn to magic rites Vth cent. B.C., i. 121; asceticism of Orphics foreign to, i. 127; their view of Mysteries changes after Orphic reform, i. 130; Orphism greatest religious movement among pre-Christian, i. 145; religion of, and Jews contrasted, i. 149; adoption of acrostics and word-puzzles among, i. 168, 169 n. 1; Jews forge works of well-known authors among, i. 173; Simon Magus uses religious traditions of, i. 185, 186; laugh at wailing for Dying God, ii. 16; Ophites take doctrines from Mysteries of, ii. 54; unlike Persians, think gods have nature of men, ii. 234; make astrology popular, ii. 235

Gregory the Great, Saint, his advice to assimilate heathen practices, i. 85

Grünwedel, Dr, his expedition to Turfan, ii. 316

Guards, the Nine of Treasure-house in Pistis Sophia, ii. 142, 193

Gundisabur or Djundi-sâbur, place of Mani’s execution, ii. 281 n. 7

Habakkuk, the Prophet, inspired by Jaldabaoth according to Ophites, ii. 81 n. 2

Hades, the god, his temple at Eleusis, i. 39; his Rape of Persephone shown in Mysteries, i. 40; in Homer shares universe with Zeus, i. 46; identified with Zeus Chthonios and Dionysos, i. 47, 130, 144, 147; ii. 39; his name perhaps ineffable, i. 47 n. 1; called Eubuleus, i. 47, 133, 142; identified with Osiris, i. 48; his epithet of Adamas, ii. 39 n. 1; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238; identified with Ahriman, ii. 239, 253

Hades, the place or House of, passwords through, taught in Mysteries, i. 41; happy lot of initiates in, i. 59; Amenti, the Egyptian, i. 102 n. 1, 104; in Orphic gold plate, i. 132; pains of uninitiated in, i. 140; like Jewish Sheol, i. 150

Hadrian, the Emperor, his letter to Servian, i. 86; the great Gnostics of his reign, i. 111; ii. 12; his war of extermination against the Jews, i. 163, 170, 172 n. 1; ii. 5, 203; Celsus a contemporary of, ii. 66; reign of Roman Law begins temp., ii. 86; Gnosticism enters Alexandria temp., ii. 89; gives back Trajan’s Persian conquests, ii. 225; books on Mithras worship written temp., ii. 236

Haggai, the Prophet, hatred of Jews for Gentiles shown in, i. 167 n. 4

Halicarnassus, Alexandrian worship in, i. 52

Ham, the patriarch, identified with Titan, i. lx

Harnack, Prof. Adolf, quoted, i. xlix n. 1; ii. 161 n. 4, 207, 215 n. 1, 216, 286 n. 5

Har-pa-khrat or Harpocrates, the Alexandrian Horus the Child, i. 50

Harris, Dr Rendel, his discovery of the Odes of Solomon, i. 164 n. 1; ii. 157 n. 2; and of the Apology of Aristides, ii. 204 n. 1

Hartland, Mr E. S., his theory of mana, i. 91 n. 2

Harvey, W. W., editor of Irenaeus, quoted, i. 181 n. 1; ii. 138 n. 1

Hasis-adra. See Xisuthros

Hatch, Dr Edwin, quoted, i. lvii, lviii n. 1, 47 n. 4, 87 n. 1, 168 n. 3, 174 n. 2; ii. 23 n. 1, 37 n. 1, 83 n. 1, 165 n. 3, 168 n. 6, 169 n. 1, 170, 172 n. 3, 191 n. 2, 202 n. 1, 222 nn. 2, 3

Haurvetât, the Amshaspand, i. 181 n. 1; his and Ameretât’s possible analogues in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 355

Hebdomad, the, in system of Simon Magus and Clementines, i. 181; among Ophites, ii. 64; Valentinus’ name for the Demiurge or god of the Jews, ii. 107, 109, 114 n. 3

Hebrews, the, i. 173, 185. See Jews

Hebrews, the Gospel according to the, perhaps identical with that according to the Egyptians, ii. 79

Hecataeus of Abdera, Jewish forgery in name of, i. 173

Hecate, the goddess, identified with Isis, i. 56; priest of Isis also hierophant of, i. 83; Orphic hymns to, i. 142 n. 2, 147 n. 1; patron saint of sorcerers till Renaissance, i. 147; ii. 186 n. 3, 276; her relation to lion-headed god of Mithraism, ii. 252

Heddernheim, revolving bas-reliefs in Mithraeum at, ii. 247; concealment of lion-headed statue in same, ii. 251

Hedone or Pleasure, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Hegemonius, his Acta Archelai, Beeson’s edition of, ii. 280 n. 3; quoted, i. 178 n. 2; ii. 277 n. 1, 279 n. 2, 280 n. 3, 287 n. 3, 288 nn. 1, 2, 3, 289 n. 1, 293 n. 1, 294 n. 1, 295 n. 2, 297 n. 2, 298 nn. 1, 2, 299 n. 4, 302 n. 1, 306 nn. 1, 2, 307 n. 1, 308 nn. 1-4, 312 n. 2, 316 n. 1, 318 n. 1, 322 n. 2, 323 n. 4, 326 n. 1, 330 n. 2, 352 n. 2

Hegesander, quoted from Athenaeus, i. 8 n. 3

Hegesippus, his date, ii. 6 n. 4; quoted, ii. 2 nn. 1, 2, 6 n. 4, 8 n. 3. See Eusebius

Heimarmene. See Destiny

Helen of Troy, Simon Magus’ mistress said to be reincarnation of, i. 178, 190, 196

Helena of Tyre, name of Simon’s mistress, i. 190; redeemed by Simon, i. 191; inconsistency of patristic story about, i. 193; typifies the soul in transmigration, i. 196; image of, as Athena, i. 198; said to have been called Sophia, ii. 45 n. 1

Heliogabalus, the Emperor, a high-priest of the sun-god, ii. 228

Heliopolis. See Annu or On

Helios, classical type of, represented on Indian coins, i. 17 n. 2; Serapis identified with, i. 56; distinguished by Greeks from Apollo, ii. 240; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 244; with Mithras at banquet, ii. 247; invoked in Mithraic liturgy, ii. 266

Hellas, i. 24, 44

Hellespont, the, limit of Persian Empire, i. 1

Hemerobaptists, the, a pre-Christian sect, ii. 6 n. 4; called Mandaites or Disciples of St John, ii. 305; their history and tenets, ibid.

Henosis or Oneness, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Hera, her contempt for man in Homer, i. 57; her jealousy cause of Diaspasm ap. Orphics, i. 125; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238. See Juno

Heracleon, the Valentinian, quoted by Origen, ii. 95 n. 2; most distinguished of Valentinus’ successors, ii. 119; his Commentaries on the Gospels not secret, ii. 131

Heracleopolis or Ahnas el-Medineh, mentioned in Magic Papyrus, i. 98, 109

Heracles, becomes immortal because of divine birth, i. 18; ii. 16; rams sacrificed to, i. 95; story of, in Herodotus used by Justinus, ii. 81; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238; his compulsion of Hades, ii. 239 n. 7. See Hercules

Heraclitus of Ephesus, identifies Dionysos with Hades, i. 47; probably unknown to Hippolytus’ Naassene, ii. 83

Heraclius, the Emperor, his overthrow of Persia, ii. 227

Herat, a foundation of Alexander, i. 5

Herculaneum, scenes of Alexandrian worship in frescoes found at, i. 66 n. 3, 67-69, 73, 87

Hercules, classical type of, on Indian coins, i. 17 n. 2

Hermas’ Pastor, Trinitarian views of, i. 89 n. 2

Hermes, the god, worship of, perhaps brought into Greece from Egypt, i. 17; Greek analogue of Anubis, i. 35; as psychopomp in Mysteries of Eleusis, i. 41; image of, used in magic, i. 98; hymn to, in Magic Papyrus, i. 98, 99; appears in Mysteries of Samothrace, i. 136 n. 2; Terms of, in Athenian streets, i. 139 n. 2; St Paul hailed as, in Phrygia, i. 191 n. 3; ii. 42; leader of souls in Homer, ii. 54; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 258

Hermopolis, ogdoad of four syzygies of gods under early Pharaohs at, i. 197; ii. 175, 176

Hero of Alexandria, invents first steam-engine, i. 45

Herod the Great, rebuilds and restores Samaria, i. 177

Herodotus, quoted, i. 16, 43, 48, 60, 81, 123, 136; ii. 176, 233 n. 1, 234, 239, 320 n. 1

Hesiod, scholiast on, quoted, i. 40 n. 1; popular theology given in, i. 124; calls God and Goddess of Eleusis Zeus Chthonios and Demeter, i. 126; his successive ages of the world, i. 186

Hierapolis, called Ophiorhyma in Acta Philippi, ii. 50. See Atargatis

Hiero II, King of Syracuse, introduces Alexandrian gods into Sicily, i. 53

Hild, M. J. A., quoted, i. 134 n. 2, 149 n. 1

Hilleh, magic bowls of Jews found at, ii. 32, 33

Hinduism, i. li

Hippa, Orphic hymn to, i. 138 n. 2

Hipparchus, studies at Museum, i. 45; makes systematic astrology possible, i. 117

Hippolytus, bishop of Porta Romana, discovery of his Philosophumena, i. lix; ii. 11; Salmon’s theory about, i. lxi n. 1; ii. 11, 12; tricks of magicians described by, i. 99, 100; condemns astrology and astronomy alike, i. 112 n. 2; his “hymn of Great Mysteries,” i. 137 n. 1, 139 n. 1; ii. 54 n. 6; thinks system of Sethiani derived from Orphics, i. 175; his account of Simon Magus’ doctrines inconsistent, i. 193; doctrines of heresiarchs described by, ii. 11, 12; exaggerates diversity of Gnostic teaching, ii. 14; attributes Ophite doctrines to discourses of St James to Mariamne, ii. 26; contemporary of Origen circa 200 A.D., ii 26 n. 3; identifies Ophiomorphus with great god of Greek Mysteries, ii. 50; his Ophite psalm, ii. 61, 62, 68 n. 2; his later Ophite sacraments, ii. 63; says Naassenes have priests, ii. 66; attributes Gospel of Egyptians to Naassenes, ii. 79; gives most space to Valentinus’ doctrine, ii. 95; his views on Trinity polytheistic, ii. 123 n. 1; accuses heresiarchs of magical imposture, ii. 128; writes 50 years after Valentinus’ death, ii. 131 n. 2; quoted, i. lix, lxi n. 1, 68 n. 3, 73, 99, 100 n. 4, 107 n. 1, 109, 110, 112 n. 2, 137 n. 1, 139 n. 1, 175, 179, 187, 191, 193, 194, 196, 198; ii. 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 26, 27, 40, 41 n. 1, 46, 49, 50, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66 n. 1, 73 n. 2, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 89 nn. 3, 4, 90, 91, 94 nn. 1-3, 95, 97, 98, 99, 101, 103 n. 5, 104, 105, 106 nn. 1, 2, 107, 108 n. 1, 109, 110 n. 1, 113 n. 2, 114 nn. 2, 3, 115 n. 2, 116 n. 2, 118 n. 5, 119, 123, 124 n. 3, 128, 131, 144 n. 8, 147 n. 4, 148 n. 1, 159 n. 3, 160 n. 1, 207, 208 n. 2, 215 n. 2, 219 n. 1, 220

Hittites, the, Mithras worshipped by, 1272 B.C., i. lxii; mentioned in Sargon’s omen-tablets, i. 114; Mithras linked with Varuna among, ii. 248

Hogarth, D. G., quoted, i. 14, 18 n. 4, 27; ii. 29

Homer, reading-book of Asiatics post Alexander, i. 8 n. 1; gods of, worshipped by Graeco-Indian kings, i. 17; their indifference to mortals, i. 57; shows forth Christian doctrine of Father and Son, i. 47 n. 3; purificatory rites unknown to, i. 121; the popular theology of, i. 124; the father of gods and men in, i. 185; claimed as divinely inspired, ii. 15; writings of, used by Ophites, ii. 54; quoted, i. 57 nn. 1, 2, 59, 95, 96 n. 1; ii. 15 n. 4, 16 n. 1

Homeric Hymns, publicly recited and perhaps displaced by Orphic, i. 135; quoted, i. 16 n. 5, 40 n. 2, 59, 124 n. 3

Homoousios, word first used by Gnostics, ii. 23 n. 1, 91 n. 2

Honour, King of, in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 325

Horace, perhaps known to Basilides, ii. 91 n. 5; quoted, i. 108; ii. 225, 228

Horaios, ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 69, 70; address to, ii. 74. See Oreus

Hormisdas or Ormuz, the Shah, ii. 281

Horus, the god, king of Egypt incarnation of, i. 18, 19, 51; in Alexandrian legend of Isis and Osiris, i. 34, 35; originally totem of royal tribe, i. 36, 37, 45; analogue of Iacchos, i. 43, 189 n. 5; identified with Apollo, i. 48; child form of, in Alexandrian religion, i. 50; Ptolemies raise temples to Egyptian form of, i. 52; Athenian dandies swear by, i. 54; Egyptian sun-god, i. 63; in Alexandrian religion, Osiris reborn, i. 70 n. 3; ii. 39, 63; festival of birth of, i. 71; a triune god, i. 88, 189 n. 5; symbolizes perceptible world image of ideal, i. 198

Horus, the Limit of the Pleroma, a Valentinian Aeon, ii. 105 n. 2; in system of Pistis Sophia, ii. 140 n. 2. See Stauros

Horus-Râ, the god, composite deity who replaces Horus in Middle Empire, i. 63 n. 3

Housesteads (Northumberland), Mithraic monuments at, ii. 242

Huesemigadôn, name of Pluto in Magic Papyri, i. 99, 100

Hummâma, name of Manichaean Satan, ii. 287 n. 4

Huxley, the late Prof., his controversy about Genesis, i. liii

Huysmans, J. K., revives patristic stories of profanation of Eucharist, i. 198

Hyades, in Chaldaean astrology, i. 113

Hymn of the Soul, said to be Manichaean, ii. 331

Hymns, sung by Athenians to Demetrius Poliorcetes, i. 19; Greek confraternities compose, i. 21 n. 1; to Iacchos sung by procession of initiates, i. 39; used in Alexandrian worship, i. 66, 72, 75; to Hermes and other gods in Magic Papyri, i. 99; to Attis and others, i. 137 n. 1; ii. 54; the collection of Orphic, i. 141; to Eros sung by Lycomidae in Mysteries, i. 141 n. 2; ii. 210 n. 1; of Synesius, quoted, ii. 37 n. 1; Ophites’, addressed to First Man, ii. 61; Bardesanes’, used in Catholic Church, ii. 120; the penitential, of Pistis Sophia, ii. 156; sung by legionaries to both Christ and Mithras, ii. 261; used by Manichaeans, ii. 331

Hypsistos or the Highest, name of Yahweh in Asia Minor (Cumont), ii. 31, 85 n. 3; applied by Valentinus to Demiurge, ii. 116 n. 2

Hyrcanus, John, high-priest of Jews, invades Samaria and destroys it, i. 177

Iaccheion, the, at Athens, starting-point of procession to Eleusis, i. 39

Iacchos, the god, leader of procession to Eleusis, i. 39; his identity with Dionysos, i. 39 n. 2, 40 n. 4, 130, 145; son of Zeus and Demeter, i. 40; analogy of his birth with that of Horus, i. 43, 125; Orphics identify him with Hades, Zeus Chthonios and Zagreus, i. 130; and with Eubuleus, Cybele, Aphrodite and Isis, i. 137 n. 1, 143; and with Sabazius, i. 138 n. 2; the father, son, and spouse of Persephone, i. 189 n. 5

Ialdabaoth or Jaldabaoth, the Ophite Demiurge and a “fourth number,” i. 100 n. 4; ii. 46, 47, 70 n. 2, 71 n. 1; his name, variants, attributes, and places, ii. 46, 69; the god of the Jews, ii. 47; ruler of planetary spheres ap. Ophites, ii. 48, 64; father of Ophiomorphus, ii. 49; creator and tempter of man, ii. 51, 52; his commands disobeyed by protoplasts, ii. 52; lawgiver of Jews, ii. 53; souls of “animal” men pass through his realms between incarnations, ii. 57; his attempts to prolong his rule defeated by Sophia, ii. 58, 59; birth of Jesus arranged without knowledge of, ii. 59; contrives death of Jesus, ii. 60; his seven heavens called the holy hebdomad (Irenaeus), ii. 64; fragments of light pass into the terrestrial world without knowledge of, ibid.; creator of world of form, ii. 64 n. 3; name taken from magic ap. Origen, ii. 69; his seven worlds copied by Ophiomorphus as in Ophite Diagram, ii. 70; address to, ii. 72; uncertain place of, ii, 74 n. 3, 75 n. 1; inspires Hexateuch, Amos and Habakkuk ap. Ophites, ii. 81 n. 2; corresponds to the Great Archon of Basilides, ii. 94; and to Valentinus’ Demiurge, ii. 107 n. 2; in Pistis Sophia degraded into evil power sent into Chaos, ii. 155, 158; in Bruce Papyrus a chief of Third Aeon, ii. 155 n. 3; in Texts of Saviour a torturer in hell, ibid. and 186; Adamas helps him to torment Pistis Sophia, ii. 156; his light deceives her, ii. 162; his place given to Pistis Sophia, ii. 162 n. 3; various spellings of name of, in Texts of Saviour, ii. 183 n. 2. See Habakkuk, Irenaeus

Ialdazao, either a variant of name of Ialdabaoth or El Shaddai, ii. 46 n. 3

Iamblichus, the neo-Platonist, says Egyptian magicians threaten their gods, i. 104

Iaô, in Magic Papyri, corruption of name Jehovah, i. 105, 106; ruler of planetary sphere in Diagram, ii. 47, 69; a Hebrew name of God (Origen), ii. 69, 71 n. 1; name of Dionysos in late classical writers, ii. 71 n. 1; address to, ii. 72; connection with moon, ii. 72 n. 3, 74 n. 2; used as acrostic in Texts of Saviour, ii. 180 n. 4