INDEX (continued 3)

Prohegumeni, the Two Forerunners of the Treasure-house in the Pistis Sophia, ii. 149

Prophthasia, Alexander at, said to receive grapes from Greece, i. 4 n. 1. See Farrah

Proserpine, Isis called Stygian P. by the Sicilians, i. 56; Lucius at initiation treads threshold of, i. 62. See Persephone

Prunicos, or the Substitute, name of Sophia among early Ophites, ii. 45, 59. See Achamoth, Sophia

Psammetichos, King of Egypt, letter of Nephotes to, on lecanomancy, i. 101

Psyche, name of Valentinus’ Demiurge, ii. 109

Ptah, the god, one of oldest gods of Egypt, i. 32; priesthood of, in early times, i. 33; Ptolemy Epiphanes called the beloved of, i. 51

Ptah-Seker-Osiris, the god, triune deity of Saitic period, i. 33; ii. 195

Ptolemy I Soter, called Saviour-god, i. 18; his wisdom in choosing and ruling Egypt, i. 28, 29; his preparationsfor its defence, i. 29, 30; decides to found syncretic religion uniting Egyptians and Greeks, i. 30; his court and capital both Greek, i. 44; his Museum and its “stuffed capons,” i. 45; his dream as to Serapis-statue, i. 48, 77; Egyptians reject his religious schemes, i. 51; success of his religion outside Egypt, i. 52, 53, 54; five centuries between him and Apuleius, i. 76; seizes Jerusalem, i. 151; colonizes Samaria with “Macedonians,” i. 177

Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Asoka’s mission to, i. 20; attribution of foundation of Museum to, erroneous (Bouché-Leclercq), i. 44 n. 2

Ptolemy IV Philopator, decline of Egyptian power after, i. 151

Ptolemy V Epiphanes, his coronation at Memphis (Rosetta Stone), i. 51

Ptolemy VI Philometor, petitions to, of Ptolemy son of Glaucias, i. 79

Ptolemy IX Physcon, expels philosophers from Museum, ii. 88

Ptolemy, the son of Glaucias, recluse in Serapeum, i. 79. See Kenyon

Ptolemy, the Valentinian, his theory of the Cosmocrator as the creation of the Demiurge, ii. 108 n. 1; a leader of the Italic School, ii. 119; his letter to Flora, ii. 131

Punjab, part of, in Persian Empire, i. 1

Purser, Louis Charles, collects authorities on Orpheus, i. 121 n. 1

Puteoli, temple to Serapis at, 100 B.C., i. 53

Pythagoras, pupil of Pherecydes of Syros, i. 124; says our souls part of world-soul, i. 129; his theory of transmigration, ibid.

Pythagoreans, the, all early Orphic poems ascribed to, i. 122; Orphics take transmigration from, i. 127; find withdrawal from world necessary to salvation, i. 129; Jews take Ecpyrosis from (Hippolytus), i. 155 n. 2

Quadratus, his lost Apology for Christianity, ii. 202, 203 n. 1

Ra, the god, corporation of priests of, earliest in Egypt, i. 31; the sun-god, i. 31, 63; Osiris invoked with him in Book of Dead, i. 32; legend of, and Isis, i. 38 n. 2; ii. 37 n. 1; increase of power of, with XIIth Dynasty, i. 63 n. 1; the serpent Apep his enemy, ii. 78

Ramsay, Sir William, F.R.S., has revived Alexandrian alchemist’s dream of transmutation, i. 45

Ramsay, Sir William Mitchell, says name of Christians not mentioned by classic writers, i. 1 n. 1; all gods of mysteries forms of One, i. 56 n. 4; date of Hadrian’s visit to Egypt, i. 86 n. 5; thinks Anatolian Jews coalesce with natives, ii. 28; state of Phrygia in Ist cent., ii. 29; characteristics of Anatolian religion, temp. Apostles, ii. 29, 30, 67 n. 3; importance of Mother of Gods due to matriarchate, ii. 40; many names of divine pair worshipped in Phrygia, ii. 67 n. 1; androgyne nature of same and symbol of double axe, ibid.; quoted, i. 1 n. 1, 56 n. 4, 86 n. 5; ii. 28 n. 3, 29 n. 5, 30 nn. 1, 2, 3, 31 n. 1, 40 n. 3, 67 n. 3

Raphael, the archangel, name of, in Magic Papyri and O.T. Apocrypha, ii. 34; in Diagram name of terrestrial daemon, ii. 70; planet Mars connected with, ii. 75 n. 1

Rawlinson, Canon George, on government of Persian Empire, i. 2 n. 2, 3 nn. 2, 3

Rawlinson, Sir Henry, Omen Tablets in Cuneiform Inscriptions of W.A., i. 114 n. 1

Rayet, M. Octave, shows identification of Demeter and Persephone from inscription and vases, i. 46 n. 1

Reade, Winwood, his Martyrdom of Man quoted, i. 11 n. 3, 149 n. 2; ii. 2, 3, 227 n. 1

Reformation, the German, sects of, compared to Gnostics, ii. 19; dissidents near to, strictly Christian, ii. 20; like makers of, Marcion appeals to Scripture, ii. 207; Manichaeism may have survived till, ii. 357; leaves Church stronger than before, ii. 360

Reinach, M. Salomon, Orphic password discussed by, i. 134 n. 1

Renaissance, the, Hecate still goddess of sorcerers through Middle Ages and, i. 147; sorcerers of, use words of Mass, ii. 267

Renan, Joseph Ernest, warlike characteristics of great goddesses, i. 58; describes policy of Church of Rome as to Pagan customs, i. 85; abundance of diviners and sorcerers in Rome of Nero, i. 108; says Bar Coziba called Monogenes (George the Syncellus), i. 124 n. 3; account of War of Extermination (Derenbourg), i. 163 n. 1; revolt of Jews under Trajan, i. 172 n. 1; says Gnosticism attacks infant Church like croup, ii. 21; his interpretation of Caulacau, ii. 94 n. 3; quoted, i. 83 n. 1, 85 n. 1, 124 n. 3, 163 n. 1; ii. 21 n. 1, 94 n. 3

Réville, Albert, his controversy with Gladstone on Genesis, i. liii; quoted, i. 93 n. 4

Revillout, Eugène, thinks words in Egyptian spell, adaptation of those of the Mass, i. 87; to true Gnostic all religions merely veils, ii. 18; quoted, i. 87 n. 3; ii. 18 n. 4

Rhacotis, Egyptian name of site of Alexandria, i. 44

Rhamnusia, a name of Nemesis identified with Isis, i. 56

Rhapsodists, the, their theogony, i. 123; Orphic poems recited by, at games, i. 135, 136; Ophites probably get lines of Homer and Pindar from, ii. 83

Rhea, the goddess, the earth-goddess sometimes called Cybele, Demeter etc., i. 124, 126; mother of Attis, i. 139 n. 1; ii. 54

Rhodes, worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 52

Rhodo, refutes Tertullian’s slanders against Marcion, ii. 218; his quotation from Apelles the Marcionite, ii. 219; other Marcionite leaders mentioned by, ii. 220

Ritschl, his theory that both St John Baptist and Jesus were Essenes, i. 156 n. 1

Rochat, E., on dates of birth and death of Manes, ii. 279 n. 1, 282 n. 2; on authenticity of Acta Archelai, ii. 280 n. 3; on Manes’ father Fatak or Patecius, ii. 285 n. 2; on authenticity of letter to Marcellus, ii. 288 n. 2, 289; on Mandaites as descendants of Mughtasilah, ii. 305 n. 1; quoted, ii. 279 nn. 1, 3, 280 n. 2-6, 281 nn. 1, 3, 5, 282 n. 2, 283 nn. 1, 6, 285 nn. 2, 4, 286 nn. 3, 5, 287 n. 2, 289, 305 nn. 1, 3

Rogers, Dr Robert William, exposes Winckler’s and Jeremias’ astral theory, i. 115 n. 1

Romans, the, take over Greek pantheon en bloc, i. 17; frustrate Antiochus Epiphanes’ attack on Egypt, i. 151; their toleration for Jewish religion and customs fruitless, i. 163; punish Palestinian towns for rebellion, temp. Vespasian, i. 170; receive orgiastic worship of Cybele, ii. 30 n. 3; their long struggle with Persians, ii. 225-227; their severe laws against Manichaeism, ii. 278, 356

Rome, becomes monarchical as she acquires world-power, i. 15; welcomes Euhemeristic theory, i. 19; Alexandrian gods obtain a foothold in, i. 53; their worship becomes an established church in, i. 79; gathering of charlatans in, temp. Nero, i. 108; Orphic gold plates found at, i. 131; Simonians numerous in, i. 199; all heretics attracted to, ii. 203

Roots, the six of Simon Magus, i. 180; expression used by Empedocles and Athamas the Pythagorean, i. 197

Rosetta Stone, the, marks turning of Ptolemies to ancient Egyptian gods, i. 51

Roxana, wife of Alexander the Great, i. 5, 12

Rutilianus, accomplice and dupe of Alexander of Abonoteichos, i. 24

Sabaoth, used in Hebrew spell identifying Yahweh with Zeus and Serapis, i. 106; name belonging to a secret theology (Origen), ii. 34, 35; Ophite ruler of planetary sphere (Irenaeus), ii. 47; the same in Diagram, ii. 69; address to, ii. 73; name recurs in Pistis Sophia, ii. 158

Sabaoth the Good, the Great, soul of Jesus on Incarnation received from (Pistis Sophia), ii. 139, 149; the emanation of Jeû and acts through messenger (P.S.), ii. 149; why so called, ii. 149 n. 2; appears in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193

Sabaoth the Good, the Little, messenger or substitute of Great Sabaoth, ii. 149; his action at Incarnation, ii. 149 n. 2; identified with Gate of Life, ibid.; appears in Texts of Saviour, ii. 149 n. 2, 187; gives cup of perception to righteous soul in same, ii. 187, 309 n. 2

Sabaoth Adamas, in Pistis Sophia a wicked power, ii. 149 n. 2; in Texts of Saviour ruler of Wicked Aeons, ii. 182; in same bound with his subjects to Sphere, ii. 182; his “receiver” Jaluha gives cup of oblivion to soul, ii. 187

Sabazius, the god, comes into Greece before Alexander, i. 17, 137; a Phrygian god called “Lord of all” and son of Cybele, i. 137; rites of, described by Demosthenes, i. 138; identified with Attis and Adonis, i. 139 n. 1; for Orphics, a form of Dionysos, i. 145; Phrygia seat of worship of, ii. 28; called Pappas, ii. 57; male aspect of androgyne deity of Anatolia (Ramsay), ii. 67 n. 3

Saboï, cry of initiates in Sabazian mysteries, i. 138

Sabos, in Orphic hymn possibly name of Iacchos, i. 138 n. 2

Saclas or Asaqlun, son of King of Darkness among Peratae and Manichaeans, ii. 329

Sadducees, dominant party among Jews, i. lv, 162; a “philosophic” sect (Josephus), i. 151; their sympathy with Hellenism, i. 162

Salathiel, The Apocalypse of, part of Fourth Esdras called, i. 167

Salmon, Dr George, his theory of forgery of Gnostic documents, i. lxi n. 1; ii. 11 n. 2; on authorship of Clementines, i. 178 n. 1; on discovery of Philosophumena, ii. 11 n. 2; thinks return of worlds to Deity rather than salvation of mankind aim of Gnosticism, ii. 42 n. 2; his interpretation of name of Ialdabaoth, ii. 46 n. 3; and of Caulacau, ii. 94 n. 3; Marcion’s life described by, ii. 204; on early establishment of Marcion’s heresy, ii. 207; quoted, i. 178 n. 1; ii. 11 n. 2, 41 n. 1, 42 n. 2, 94 n. 3, 204 n. 2, 205 n. 3, 206 nn. 3, 5, 207 nn. 3, 4, 222 n. 1

Salome, speech of Jesus to, in Gospel of Egyptians, i. 196 n. 2; questions of, in Pistis Sophia, ii. 157

Samarcand, modern name of Maracanda, a foundation of Alexander’s, i. 5 n. 3

Samaria, Simon Magus’ deeds in, i. 176, 178, 191 n. 3; re-colonized by Alexander and Ptolemy Soter, i. 177; destroyed by John Hyrcanus, and rebuilt by Gabinius and Herod the Great, ibid.; its mixed population of Semites and Persians, i. 197

Samaritans, the, hatred between Jews and, i. 177; religion of, temp. Christ, ibid.; reverence of, for Pentateuch, i. 184 n. 2; Simon said to appear to, as the Father, i. 192; appeal of Simon’s doctrines to, i. 202

Sammael, a name of Ophite Ophiomorphus, ii. 52; identified with Satan in Ascension of Isaiah, ii. 69 n. 2, 75 n. 1

Samothrace, seat of Cabiric Mysteries, i. 61, 136 n. 2; the god of, called Adam, i. 137 n. 1, 139 n. 1; ii. 54 n. 6

Sandracottus. See Chandragupta

Sapor or Shâpûr I, the Shah, exiles Manes from Persia, ii. 281

Sarapis or (Lat.) Serapis, the god, his recluses or monks, i. 20, 80, 86; charlatans round altars of (Plutarch), i. 23; purification of religion of, i. 24; typical statue of, i. 49; Modius distinctive attribute of, i. 50; Ptolemy compels Egyptians to take him into their temples (Macrobius), i. 52; early temple to, at Puteoli, i. 53; “Sarapis alone is Zeus,” i. 55; all Greek and foreign gods included in, i. 56; merciful and compassionate to man, i. 58; friend of man in next world, i. 59, 60; initiation into “nocturnal orgies” of (Apuleius), i. 64; special hymn and air addressed to, i. 68, 72; identified with Osiris (Minucius Felix), i. 70; April festival of, i. 71; Oracle of, at Alexandria, i. 77; identified with Asklepios, i. 78, 87; statue of, in Alexander Severus’ lararium, i. 82; statue and temple of, at Alexandria destroyed by Christians, i. 84; ritual of, adapted to Christian use, i. 85; joint worship of, and Christ (Hadrian), i. 86; trinity of, Sarapis, Isis, and Horus, i. 88; the “Great God” (Mag. Pap.), i. 101, 104, 125 n. 3; representation of, on scarab used in Jewish spell, i. 106, 107; identified with Sun, i. 118; books buried in tombs of worshippers of (Ael. Aristides), i. 132 n. 3; Simon Magus may have borrowed from religion of, i. 198; Phrygian deities identified with, ii. 31; appears as Zeus on Mithraic monument, ii. 238 n. 2; splendour of worship of, contrasted with that of Mithras, ii. 269

Sargon, King of Akkad, astrological tablets going back to reign of, i. 113, 114

Sarmizegetusa, Mithraic monument at, ii. 264

Sarrebourg, Mithraic monument at, ii. 264

Satan, cosmocrator or world-ruler to Essene initiates (Kohler), i. 153 n. 4; Marcion called the first-born of, ii. 10; maker of the body in Gnosticism, ii. 54 n. 2; enemy of world-creating angels and god of Jews (Saturninus), ii. 89; cosmocrator in system of Valentinus, ii. 108; active agent of matter in that of Marcion, ii. 210; composite form of, in that of Manes, ii. 291; antagonist of Manichaean First Man, ii. 293; imprisonment of Manichaean, after Ecpyrosis, ii. 297; called Hummâma by later Manichaeans, ibid.; and Great Archon, ii. 298; and Sindîd, ii. 304. See Sammael

Saturn, the planet, presides over category of terrestrial things, i. 116; soul of dead reincarnated when S. in certain position (Texts of Saviour), i. 118 n. 1; one of seven heavens in Ophite system, ii. 48; connection in Diagram between S. and demon Michael, ii. 75; set over 360 rulers of wicked powers (Texts of Saviour), ii. 182; in Mithraism soul descends through sphere of, ii. 256; lead associated with, ii. 257 n. 4; in same, lowest initiate’s soul will return to sphere of, ii. 265

Saturninus or Saturnilus, the heresiarch, a native of Antioch, ii. 9; his Docetism, ii. 17; confusion as to name of, ii. 20 n. 1; a follower of Simon Magus and predecessor of Basilides and the Nicolaitans (Epiphanius), ii. 25 n. 5; makes god of Jews one of the seven world-creating angels (Irenaeus), ii. 47 n. 3; denounces marriage and procreation as work of Satan, ii. 89; Valentinus later than (Epiphanius), ii. 93 n. 3

Saulasau, mystic name of secondary world used by Ophites, ii. 94 n. 3

Saviour, The Texts of the, time of reincarnation dependent on planetary motions, i. 118 n. 1; ii. 185 n. 2; affinity of male and female soul explained, i. 195; sexes united at the length, i. 196 n. 2; rebellion of half the Twelve Aeons in, ii. 48 n. 4, 152 n. 1; body of man made by evil daemons, ii. 54 n. 2; place of punishment of wicked souls above the earth, ii. 69, 182 n. 1; planet Jupiter ruler of the Five Planets, ii. 73 n. 1; the angel Zarazaz called by name of demon Maskelli, ii. 75 n. 1, 148 n. 3; the Serpent of Outer Darkness the Outer Ocean, ii. 78, 155 n. 4, 166 n. 2; repeats Basilides “one in 1000 and 2 in 10,000,” ii. 92 n. 3, 172; many members of the Ineffable One, but one body, ii. 145 n. 2; Jeû the First Man overseer of the Light and Legate of First Precept, ii. 147 n. 5; the Books of Jeû written by Enoch in Paradise, ibid.; Melchizidek Great Receiver of the Light, ii. 148 n. 2, 154 n. 1; Great Sabaoth the Good and Gate of Life, ii. 149 n. 2; Great Iao the Good, leader of Middle, ii. 149 n. 3; Virgin of Light has seven virgins for assistants, ii. 150; Barbelo called βδελλη in, ii. 151 n. 4; the Kingdom of Adamas opposite the place of the Virgin of Light, ii. 152 n. 1; Ialdabaoth in, one of the torturers in hell, ii. 155 n. 3; says Baptisms and Chrism lead soul into Place of Light, ii. 167 n. 1; renunciation of the world leads to Mysteries of the Light, ii. 167 n. 2; thaumaturgic Eucharist of, ii. 172 n. 3, 192; sacraments called Mysteries of Light, etc., ii. 173 n. 1; the MS. of, described, ii. 180; cannot be Valentinian, ii. 180 n. 3; gives prayer of Jesus in unknown tongue, ibid.; puts souls of Patriarchs in Place of Jabraoth, ii. 182 n. 2; extracts from other documents probably mixed with, ii. 182 n. 3, 183 n. 2; threefold division of soul into Power, Moira and Counterfeit of the Spirit, ii. 184; no division of mankind into pneumatic, psychics and hylics in, ibid.; magic recommended for conversion of heathen, ii. 185; Pistis Sophia mentioned in, as daughter of Barbelo, ii. 186; Orphics’ cups of oblivion and memory reappear in, ibid.; unknown words of prayer of Jesus in, like those of Marcus’ baptismal formula, ii. 189; sacraments of Bruce Papyrus resemble those of, ii. 193; degradation of belief in, ii. 194; returns to native Egyptian ideas, ii. 195-198; fear of hell sanction of belief in, ii. 198; quoted, i. 118 n. 1, 195 n. 1, 196 n. 2; ii. 54 n. 2, 75 n. 1, 78 nn. 4, 5, 92 n. 3, 145 n. 2, 147 n. 5, 148 nn. 1, 3, 149 n. 2, 150 nn. 2, 3, 5, 152 n. 1, 154 n. 1, 155 nn. 3, 4, 166 n. 2, 167 nn. 1, 2, 172 nn. 3, 4, 173 n. 1, 180 nn. 1-4, 182 nn. 1-3, 183 nn. 1-3, 184 n. 4, 185 nn. 1, 2, 186, 187, 198, 199

Saviours, the Twelve, furnish spotless souls for the Twelve Apostles (Pistis Sophia), ii. 136, 147

Saviours, the Twin, “the boy of a boy” (Pistis Sophia), ii. 142, 171; reappear in Texts of Saviour and Bruce Papyrus, ii. 193; functions of, never alluded to, ii. 355 n. 2

Sayce, Prof. A. H., his translation of omen or astrological tablets from Nineveh, i. 114

Sches-Hor, the, royal tribe of earliest invaders of Egypt, i. 36

Schmidt, Dr Carl, his text and translation of Pistis Sophia and Bruce Papyrus, ii. 13 n. 2, 190

Schmiedel, Dr P. W., revives Tübingen theory that Simon Magus is St Paul, i. 179 n. 3; his mistake about Menander, i. 199 n. 7; on community of goods, ii. 2 n. 3

Schwartze, Maurice G., transcriber and translator of Pistis Sophia, ii. 18, 134

Scythia, in story of Manes probably means Turkestan, ii. 285; Addas disciple of Manes missionary to, ii. 352

Scythianus, father of Manes in Christian tradition, ii. 285; identified with Patecius or Fatak (Kessler), ii. 285 n. 2; may represent non-Aryan Medes, ii. 286

Sebaste, name of Samaria when rebuilt by Herod, i. 177

Secrecy, of Mysteries of Eleusis very strict, i. 41; as to burial of Dionysos at Delphi, i. 47; as to names of God and Goddess of Eleusis (Foucart), i. 47 n. 1; of initiation into Mysteries of Isis, i. 62; of Alexandrian doctrine that Osiris god of dead, i. 64 n. 3; observed as to contents of chest carried in procession of Isis, i. 73; reason for, as to Mysteries of Eleusis, their foreign origin (Foucart), i. 130 n. 1; or jealousy, i. 139 n. 2; of tenets of Hellenizing Jews, i. 175 n. 2; as to Dying God not observed by Cretans, ii. 16: of Gnostics as to their opinions, ii. 18; of Basilides’ followers, ii. 92, 189; of Manichaeans, ii. 356

Secunderabad, preserves name of Alexander, i. 5

Secundus, the Valentinian, a leader of the Italic School, ii. 119; imagines “a right and left tetrad, i.e. light and darkness” (Hippolytus), ii. 147 n. 4

Seistan, part of Persian Empire, i. 1; Alexander when in, said to receive grapes from Greece, i. 4 n. 1

Seker or Socharis, the god, a very ancient deity in Egypt, i. 32; dreary life in next world of his worshippers, ii. 195

Seleucus I Nicator, grants privileges of citizenship to Jews in all cities of his Empire, ii. 28; affection of Persians for, ii. 224

Seleucus II Callinicus, defeated by Parthians under Arsaces, ii. 224

Semele, mother of Dionysos on his second or third incarnation, i. 40 n. 4, 42, 145; in Alexandrian religion Dionysos called the fruit of the vine S.., i. 64 n. 3; Dionysos son of S., Zagreus re-born, i. 125

Seneca, last speech of, ii. 87

Sepher Jetzirah and Sepher Zohar, books of VIth or VIIth century A.D., ii. 35. See Cabala

Septuagint, the, familiarizes Jews with Old Testament, i. 157; belongs to Western Diaspora, ii. 53 n. 2. See Peshitto

Serapeum, the, Egyptian, at Memphis separated from Greek, i. 51; Athenian, facing the Acropolis, i. 52; oracle of Serapis at Alexandrian, i. 55; represented on Herculaneum fresco (von Bissing), i. 68 n. 1; Bryaxis’ statue in, i. 78 n. 2; recluse in S. of Memphis, i. 79, 80; destruction of Alexandrian, i. 83-85

Serapis. See Sarapis

Serpent, Dionysos begotten by Zeus in form of, i. 42; live, used in Sabazian rites, i. 138; in Orphic poems represents earth, i. 145 n. 2; Ophites = worshippers of, ii. 26 n. 4; “Bull father of serpent,” etc., ii. 39; external Ocean figured as, ii. 49; in Asia Minor emblem of goddess’ husband, ii. 49. n. 3; emblem of Dionysos and soul of world, ii. 50, 55; called “Michael and Sammael” (Ophites), ii. 52; taught to coil round Eucharistic bread (Ophites), ii. 61; called Leviathan in Diagram, ii. 70, 77; Christian mob kill Ophite, ii. 77; drops out of Ophite teaching, ii. 78; enemy of sun-god in Egypt, ibid.; “serpent and dove,” ii. 135 n. 3; death figured as seven-headed, ii. 156 n. 3; Outer Darkness s. with tail in mouth, ii. 183; part of, in Mithraic Tauroctony, ii. 245; represents earth on Mithraic monuments, ii. 247, 250; “the World-ruler, the Great S.” in Magic Papyrus, ii. 256. See Tarentum

Set, the god, murderer of Osiris, i. 33; defeated by Horus, i. 34; his wife Nephthys comes over to Osiris, i. 35; Perabsen returns to worship of, i. 36; aided in war by Ethiopians, i. 37; the “Osiris whom S. murdered” in Magic Papyrus, i. 92 n. 2; Typhon Greek equivalent of (Plutarch), i. 105; magician threatens to tear S. limb from limb, i. 125 n. 3; like Osiris, a great power or daemon (Plutarch), ii. 16; sect of Sethiani possibly named after him, ii. 74 n. 4

Seth, Ophites accept Genesis’ account of, ii. 52; of Sethiani may be Sitheus of Bruce Papyrus, ii. 76 n. 4; Manichaean or Mandaite story of, ii. 304

Seth, The Paraphrase of, Apocrypha used by Sethiani, i. 175; ii. 53 n. 3; and by Ophites, ii. 79

Sethiani, the, sect derived from Orphics (Hippolytus), i. 175; Simonians and they, only Gnostic sects not admitting Jesus’ divinity, ii. 15 n. 1; their connection with Ophites, ii. 27, 76; Ialdabaoth appears in system of (Theodoret), ii. 46 n. 3; a Jewish but apparently non-Christian sect, ii. 53, 76. See Linus

Severus, Caius Julius, Hadrian’s general, lays waste Palestine, i. 170

Severus, the Emperor Septimius, imitation of Alexander temp., i. 14 n. 1

Shamash, the god, sun-god of Chaldaeans identified with Mithras, ii. 241

Shâpûr. See Sapor

Shapurakan, the, of Manes quoted, ii. 307

Shem, identified by Moses of Chorene with Zervan, i. lx

Sheol, dreariness of Jewish, i. 58, 150; Gentiles to be swallowed up by (Enoch), i. 161

Sheshonq or Shishak, King of Egypt, suzerain of Solomon, i. 31

Shilluks, the, Nilotic tribe who worship secondary god, but not Supreme Being, ii. 39 n. 5

Shimnu, Buddhist Devil appearing in Khuastuanift, ii. 335 n. 1

Shishak. See Sheshonq

Sibyl, the, announces decline of worship of Serapis and Isis, i. 86; Jewish forgeries in name of, i. 173

Sicarii or Zealots, escape before Fall of Temple to Africa and commit outrages, ii. 5 n. 3

Sicilians, the, call Isis “Stygian Proserpine,” i. 56

Sicily, scene of Rape of Proserpine (scholiast on Hesiod), i. 40; Isis-worship brought into, by Hiero II, i. 53; Orphic gold plates found in, i. 131; Demeter and Persephone tutelary deities of, i. 135

Sidon, Mithraic monuments at, ii. 261 nn. 1, 4

Sige or Silence, female consort of Bythos in Valentinian system, ii. 96, 98; called also Charis or Grace, ii. 96 n. 5

Simon of Cyrene, crucified instead of Jesus (Basilides), ii. 17

Simon Magus, accused of magic by Hippolytus, i. 110; thinks souls attracted into bodies by sexual desire, i. 153 n. 3; founder of pre-Christian sect, i. 176; traditional account of Simon’s life and death, i. 178; German theory that S. was St Paul, i. 179; his Great Announcement, i. 179, 180; his borrowings from Zoroastrianism, i. 181; ii. 232, 291; his succession of similar worlds, i. 183; his aeons, androgyne, i. 184; ii. 38 n. 4; his system compound of Greek and Hebrew traditions, i. 184, 185; his aeons places as well as persons and periods, i. 187; his account of creation of man, i. 188, 189; teaches transmigration of souls, i. 190; Simon’s “redemption” of Helena of Tyre, i. 191; discrepant accounts of his death, i. 192; his theory as to division of sexes, i. 193-196; ii. 355; sources of his doctrine, i. 197, 198; history of sect, i. 198, 199; his heresy source of all subsequent Gnosticism, i. 200-202; allegorical interpretation of Scripture by, i. 201 n. 1; ii. 82, 213; said to be follower of St John Baptist, ii. 6 n. 4; does not admit divinity of Jesus, ii. 15; his Docetic teaching, ii. 16; Saturninus’ heresy derived from, ii. 25 n. 5; system of, owes much to his personality, ii. 26; borrowings of later heresies from, ii. 41 n. 1, 49; analogy of Ophite cosmogony with that of, ii. 43; gives independent origin to matter, ii. 44; calls Helena Sophia, ii. 45 n. 1; connection between story of, and Pistis Sophia, ii. 60 n. 1; triple division of nature common to system of, and that of Ophites, ii. 63, 64; his “flaming sword” and double axe, ii. 67 n. 3; did his doctrines reach Alexandria?, ii. 89; Basilides a link between him and Valentinus, ii. 93; Valentinian name of Ennoia possibly taken from system of, ii. 97; aeonology of Valentinus resembles that of, ii. 99, 100; Marcion a disciple of (Irenaeus), ii. 207; story of Helena reproduced in Christian account of Manes’ predecessor, ii. 285 n. 3. See Apophasis, Epiphanius, Eusebius, Hippolytus, Irenaeus

Simonians, the, enter Church in secret after Constantine (Eusebius), i. 200 n. 3; ii. 18 n. 3; why the first Christians neglected, ii. 2; headship of sect of, ii. 6

Sinai, Mt., law proclaimed on, i. liii; ii. 211; Messiah of Jews to appear on (Enoch), i. 160

Sinope, Bryaxis’ statue of Serapis comes from, i. 48; birthplace of Mithridates the Great and of Marcion, ii. 204

Sissek, in Croatia, Mithraic monuments found at, ii. 237

Sistrum, still used in Abyssinian Church, i. 86 n. 4

Sitheus, power or aeon mentioned in Bruce Papyrus, ii. 76 n. 4

Siut or Assiut, Apuat originally god of (Maspero), i. 33 n. 1

Skin, coats of, metaphor for material body (Philo), ii. 52 n. 2; (Valentinus), ii. 111 n. 1; (Pistis Sophia), ii. 136 n. 1

Smerdis, the false. See Gaumata

Smyrna, inscription identifying Demeter and Persephone found at, i. 46 n. 1; statue of female Dionysos from, i. 47 n. 4; Serapeum at, i. 52

Socinians, alone of XVIth cent. reformers deny divinity of Jesus, ii. 20

Socinus, founder of sect of Socinians, ii. 19, 20

Socrates, the philosopher, his monotheism (Pater), i. 10; conceals his doctrines from everybody but Plato, i. 11; convicted of bringing new gods into Athens, i. 15; image of, in lararium of Alexander Severus, i. 82

Solomon, King of Israel, believes in other gods than Yahweh, i. 11 n. 3; vassal to Sheshonq, King of Egypt, i. 31, 160 n. 4

Solomon, The Odes of, quoted by Lactantius and the Pistis Sophia, ii. 157 n. 2

Solomon, The Psalms of, Greek text and translation of, by Viteau and Martin noticed, i. 164 n. 1

Sonhoods of Basilides, ii. 91; correspondence of, with Ophite system, ii. 93

Sophia, the Ophite called Prunicos, ii. 45; mother of Ialdabaoth, ii. 46; advises creation of man, ii. 51; brings about Fall of Man, ii. 52; arranges births of John Baptist and Jesus, ii. 53; lays aside her material body (Irenaeus), ii. 57; chief agent in redemption of the light, ii. 58; Christos sent to her assistance, ii. 59; descends with Christos into Jesus, ii. 60, 79; leaves Jesus at Crucifixion, ii. 60; her Fall referred to in Naassene Psalm, ii. 62; her world above hebdomad of planets, ii. 64; her place in Diagram, ii. 68, 69, 75; connected with Barbelo, ii. 74 n. 1; her “middle space,” ii. 75; becomes serpent (Irenaeus), ii. 78, 82 n. 1; Justinus finds type of, in Herodotus, ii. 81, 82; the Holy Spirit of Basilides, ii. 94; replaced in Pistis Sophia by Virgin of Light, ii. 158; absent from Marcion’s system, ii. 214. See Achamoth, Mother of Life, Prunicos

Sophias, the Valentinian, (1) Sophia, the youngest of the Aeons and last of Dodecad, ii. 101; her Fall, ii. 104; she gives birth to Ectroma, ibid.; Christ and the Holy Spirit draw her within Pleroma, ii. 105; (2) Sophia Without, the Ectroma or abortion of foregoing, ii. 104, 114; her identification with the Earth, ii. 104 n. 4; form given to her by Christos and the Holy Spirit, ii. 106; Jesus sent as spouse to, ibid.; matter, the soul, the spirit, and the substance of demons made from her passions, ii. 107; her heaven called the Ogdoad, ii. 108; called the Mother of All Living, ii. 110. n. 1; her heaven the heavenly Jerusalem, ii. 110; sends angels into chosen souls, ii. 110, 112; pneumatic souls belong to, ii. 112; Demiurge learns from, ii. 114; psychic souls receive instruction in heaven of, ii. 115; descended into Virgin Mary, ibid.; at Crucifixion soul of Jesus returns to, ii. 116; identified with Achamoth, ii. 117 n. 2; story of, omitted from Pistis Sophia, ii. 161; mentioned in Gâthâs, ii. 300 n. 2; called Mother of Life in Manichaeism, ibid. See Victorinus

Sophocles, Orphic legends known to, i. 123

Soul, the, Serapis called the Saviour of, i. 60; pre-ordained destiny of, comes in with astrology, i. 119; soul buried in body as in charnel-house, i. 127; transmigration and final fusion with Dionysos of, i. 129, 148; Essene belief in pre-existence of, derived from Orphics, i. 156; an angel or daemon imprisoned in body (Philo), i. 174; division of, into male and female which seek each other (Simon Magus), i. 195, 196; of Jesus returns to the different worlds whence drawn (Basilides), ii. 17; of the world, the god of the Greek mysteries, ii. 50, 51; three-fold division of man’s (Ophites), ii. 53; man’s soul, part of soul of world, ii. 55; Christos unknown to Ialdabaoth receives souls of initiates, ii. 60; the righteous soul must change from choïc to psychic and from psychic to pneumatic, ii. 65; defences of, in passage through planetary spheres, ii. 71-74; Demiurge sends souls of men into bodies (Valentinus), ii. 109, 112 n. 3; men’s souls one of three classes, ii. 112; souls of psychics receive further instruction in Heaven of Sophia, ii. 115; Apostles receive souls from Twelve Saviours instead of from Archons (Pistis Sophia), ii. 136; St John Baptist born with soul of Elijah, ii. 137, 149, 150; soul of Jesus taken from Great Sabaoth the Good, ii. 139, 149; souls of men during Millennium and after death, ii. 164, 165; effect of mystery of First Mystery upon soul of dying, ii. 167; effect of mystery of Ineffable upon man’s soul after death, ii. 170, 171; punishment of sinning souls (Texts of Saviour), ii. 182, 183, 186, 199; the Counterfeit of the Spirit duplicate of soul proper, ii. 184; cup of oblivion given to soul after punishment, ii. 187; fate of the soul in Pharaonic Egypt, ii. 196, 197; passage of soul to sun in Mithraism, ii. 264, 265; all lights fragments of soul of world (Manichaeans), ii. 295 n. 2; soul of man according to Manes, ii. 307; fate at death of soul of Perfect Manichaean, ii. 309; of soul of Zoroastrian in Avesta, ii. 310, 311; fate at death of souls of Manichaean Hearer and of sinner, ii. 311, 312

Spain, monuments of Alexandrian gods found in, i. 53, 66 n. 2; Mithraic monuments found in, ii. 230

Spencer, Herbert, applies survival of fittest theory to religions, i. lii; his Euhemerism, i. 19

Spenta-Armaiti, mother of Gayômort in Avesta, i. lxi; one of the Amshaspands and identified with Wisdom (Sophia), i. 181 n. 1; ii. 45 n. 1, 300 n. 2; identified with Vedic Aramati, ii. 45 n. 1; and with Mother of Life in Manichaeism, ii. 300 n. 2

Sphinx, the, dream of Thothmes IV concerning, i. 77 n. 2

Spirit, the Holy, called the First Woman by the Ophites, ii. 40; forms Trinity with Father and Son, ii. 41; Christos son of, by the Father-and-Son, ii. 42; birth of Sophia from, ii. 44, 45; blue circle in Diagram, ii. 68; with Christos emanates from Nous and Aletheia (Valentinus), ii. 105; with Christos, makes the Ectroma into perfect aeon, ii. 106; retires within Pleroma, ii. 106, 114

Spirit, the Living, in Manichaeism, recalls the First Man from Darkness after his defeat, ii. 294; discrepancy as to part played by him in deliverance of First Man, ii. 295 n. 1; creator of the lights in Acta Archelai, ii. 298 n. 2; Demiurge or Architect of Universe (Alex. of Lycopolis), ii. 302 n. 1; speaks word like pointed sword, ii. 302 n. 1, 324; called “a white dove” in Tun-huang MS., ii. 302 n. 1; the Third Person of Manichaean Trinity (Faustus), ii. 319; member of second not first triad in neo-Manichaeism, ii. 324

Splenditenens, great Angel in Manichaeism who holds heavens by their backs, ii. 298; son of Living Spirit in Tun-huang MS., ii. 298 n. 1; and in Bar Khôni, ii. 325; bewails captivity of the Light, ii. 332

Srôsh or Sraôsha, the Angel of Obedience in Mazdeism and the Tertius Legatus of Manichaeism, ii. 327; probably the “Father” of St Augustine’s “love song,” ii. 331; the “Mighty God” of the Khuastuanift, ii. 341 n. 2; mentioned by name in Tun-huang MS., ii. 355

Stähelin, Prof. H., his theory of forgery in documents used by Hippolytus, i. 175 n. 5; ii. 11, 12 n. 1

Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, Roman nobles and the Jewish synagogue, i. lv n. 1.

Statira, daughter of Darius and Alexander’s second wife, i. 6, 12

Stauros or The Cross, Valentinian aeon projected by Bythos as guard to the Pleroma, ii. 105, 124; referred to in Pistis Sophia, ii. 140; personified in Gospel of Peter, ii. 140 n. 2. See Cross

Stoics, the, not popular in Rome of early Empire, i. 19; say all gods different forms of one Divine energy, i. 56; Alexandrian religion may owe something to, i. 60; Essenes take doctrine of Ecpyrosis from (Hippolytus), i. 155 n. 2; Tarsus one of principal seats of, ii. 83; Marcion educated in philosophy of, ii. 204; their Ecpyrosis may pass into Mithraism, ii. 250; their philosophy dear to best Roman minds, ii. 274; their Ecpyrosis may have come to them from Persians, ii. 297 n. 1

Strabo, quotes Megasthenes’ story of gold-digging ants, i. 2 n. 1; mentions Candace Queen of Ethiopians, i. 37 n. 1; gives Iacchos important place in Mysteries, i. 40 n. 4

Stratiotici, a sect connected with the Ophites (Epiphanius), ii. 27 n. 1

Sulayman Shah, XVIIth century inscription likening him to Alexander, i. 14 n. 2

Sulla, worship of Alexandrian gods in Rome, temp., i. 53; college of Pastophori at Cenchreae dates from, i. 74 n. 2; Chaldaeans in Rome, temp., i. 108 n. 2

Sumer, probable source of First Man legend, i. lxiii n. 1; astrology first practised in, i. 113

Sunday, compromise of Church as to coincidence of, with Lord’s Day, i. 118; kept as fast by Manichaeans, ii. 343 n. 2, 349; Manichaeans worship Sun on (St Augustine), ii. 349 n. 4

Suriel, name of planetary world in Diagram, ii. 70

Susa, one of the four capitals of Persian Empire, i. 3; Alexander’s marriage of Europe and Asia at, i. 5; Greeks flock to, i. 7; Onomacritos flees with Pisistratids to, i. 121; Orphic legends possibly learned by Greeks at, i. 122 n. 3, 126 n. 3

Swedenborg, Emanuel, ideas of Simon Magus revived by, i. 202

Sykes, Major P. H., inscription in Khorassan discovered by, i. 14 n. 2

Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius, life of, described by Sir Samuel Dill, ii. 359

Syncrasis or Blending, member of Valentinian Decad, ii. 101

Synesis, in Diagram, ii. 68; member of Valentinian Dodecad, ii. 101

Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, his hymn to the Ineffable Bythos quoted, ii. 37 n. 1

Syria, Buddhist mission to, i. 20; only road of attack on Egypt, i. 29; Adonis legend in, i. 37; Hadrian’s visit to, i. 86 n. 5; earth-goddess worshipped throughout, i. 126; Palestine buffer State between Egypt and, i. 151; Antiochus Epiphanes’ attempt to consolidate power of, ibid.; Jews call in Romans against, i. 163; proconsul of, rebuilds cities destroyed by Jews, i. 177; spread of Simonians in, i. 199; name of Highest applied to god of, ii. 31; the great goddess of, called Atargatis and other names, ii. 45 n. 1; Ophites spread throughout, ii. 76

Syria Dea. See Atargatis

Tacitus, the historian, on foundation of Alexandrian religion, i. 44 n. 1; describes bringing of Bryaxis’ statue to Alexandria, i. 48 n. 3; calls Jews enemies of the human race, i. 167. See Manetho, Timotheos

Talmud, the, calls Babylonian Jews the Ten Tribes, ii. 32; existence of Cabala indicated in (Kuenen), ii. 35 n. 2; Yahweh’s Council or familia (Taylor), ii. 43 n. 2; First Man in (Harvey), ii. 52 n. 1; Ophite stories find their way into, ii. 53

Tammuz, analogy of Dionysos with, i. 122 n. 3; women weeping for, in Temple of Jerusalem, ii. 32

Tarentum, unnamed poet of, author of “serpent father of bull” verse, ii. 39 n. 4

Tarn, Mr W. W., attributes story of Antigonos’ deification to Antigonos Gonatas, i. 19 n. 1

Tarsus, a centre of Stoic teaching, ii. 83

Tartarus. See Gehenna

Tatian, the heresiarch, a disciple of Justin Martyr, becomes heretic from ambition, ii. 8 n. 3; his opinions and connection with Marcion, ii. 220

Taurobolium, the (or blood bath), adopted by Mithraists from worship of Cybele, ii. 259; allusion to, in St Augustine, ii. 261 n. 2

Taxo, mystic name of Antiochus Epiphanes’ opponent in Assumption of Moses, i. 170

Taylor, Thomas, the Platonist, first translator of Orphic hymns, i. 141 n. 2

Telesterion, the, Hall of Initiations at Eleusis used for torchlight meeting, i. 39; no entry into, for uninitiated, i. 41; could not have held more than 3000, i. 65

Tenedos, temple of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53

Terebinthus, name of Manes’ teacher, ii. 285, 286; also called Buddha, ii. 285; suggested meaning of name, ii. 285 n. 4

Termessus, worship of Alexandrian gods at, i. 53

Tertullian, interest of heathen in early centuries in ethical questions, i. xlix n. 1; ii. 86; supposed astonishment of, at post-Constantinian ritual (Gibbon), i. 85; first to formulate doctrine of Trinity (Harnack), i. 89 n. 2; accuses Gnostics of magic and astrology, i. 109 n. 1; says Valentinians give heavens reason and make angels of them, i. 187 n. 2; tract Adversus omnes Haereses wrongly ascribed to, ii. 10 n. 1, 25; accuses Gnostics of concealing their opinions, ii. 18 n. 1; the like of innovating on doctrines of their leaders, ii. 27, 28; makes Valentinus give a consort to Bythos, ii. 96; his jests on piled-up heavens of Valentinians, ii. 99; his explanation of names of Valentinian Ogdoad, ii. 99, 100; says Valentinus becomes heretic because not made bishop, ii. 117; date of Valentinus’ separation from Church, ii. 118; his own heretical views on Trinity, ii. 122; his formal heresy Montanism, ii. 123 n. 1; describes respect paid by primitive Church to martyrs, ii. 127; says Gnostics make adherents in time of persecution, ibid.; refers to baptism for dead, ii. 168 n. 4; “the Sophia not of Valentinus, but of Solomon,” ii. 178; had probably read the Pistis Sophia, ii. 179; his account of Marcion’s life, ii. 204; of Marcion’s repentance and death, ii. 205; “Marcionites make Churches as wasps make nests,” ii. 206; his testimony to good morals of Marcion and Marcionites, ibid.; on Marcion’s rejection of all Gospels but Luke’s, ii. 208; Antitheses of Marcion can be reconstructed from refutation of, ii. 209; his dictum that Marcion can never prove existence of highest God, ii. 210 n. 2; on Marcion’s anti-Jewish views, ii. 211; on Marcion’s dealings with Pauline Epistles, ii. 212; controversy between Marcion and T. recommended to Modernists (Foakes-Jackson), ii. 215 n. 1; says Marcionites sect largest but one, ii. 216; his sophistry in refutation of Marcion, ii. 218; quotes Lucian the Marcionite’s doctrine on resurrection, ii. 220; “Mithras is my crown,” ii. 245, 253 n. 3; says initiate into Mithraic mysteries baptized for remission of sins, ii. 260; says Supreme Pontiff of Mithras may only marry once, ii. 268 n. 4; quoted, i. xlix n. 1, 109 n. 1, 187 n. 2; ii. 18 n. 1, 27, 28, 86 n. 1, 96 n. 5, 99 n. 1, 100 n. 1, 117 n. 3, 118 n. 2, 127 nn. 1, 3, 168 n. 4, 178 nn. 2, 4, 179 nn. 2-7, 204 nn. 3, 4, 5, 205 nn. 1, 2, 206 nn. 1, 4, 5, 208 n. 1, 210 n. 2, 211 nn. 1, 3, 4, 5, 212 nn. 1, 6, 7, 8, 213 nn. 1, 2, 4, 215 n. 5, 216 nn. 1, 3, 6, 218 nn. 1, 3, 220 n. 5, 260 n. 5, 263 n. 3, 268 n. 4

Testament, the Old, names of God in, used for magical purposes, ii. 33; Greek version of, belongs to Western Diaspora, ii. 53 n. 2; Ophites quote freely from, ii. 81; known to Ophites in Peshitto version, ii. 84; rejected by Marcion, ii. 208; used by Marcion’s follower Apelles, ii. 219; scenes from, on Mithraic monuments (Cumont), ii. 277; rejected by Manes, ii. 278, 350; quoted, i. 10 nn. 1, 2, 96 n. 3, 156 n. 4, 165 nn. 1, 6, 180 n. 1; ii. 32 nn. 1, 2, 33 n. 1, 43 n. 2, 45 n. 1, 85, 94 n. 3, 114 n. 3, 136 n. 1, 155 n. 3, 210 n. 3. See Daniel, Ezekiel, Habakkuk, Haggai, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Joel, Zachariah

Testament, the New, frequent mention of magicians in, i. 108; account of Simon Magus in, i. 176; Ophites quote from all the Gospels and most of the Pauline Epistles, ii. 81; Marcion’s treatment of, ii. 208; Manes calls himself Paraclete announced in, ii. 351; quoted, i. 108 n. 6, 145 n. 1, 176, 177 n. 5, 182 n. 4, 188 n. 1, 191 n. 3; ii. 3 n. 3, 4 n 1, 6 n. 3, 25 nn. 5, 6, 28 n. 3, 29 n. 1, 32 n. 5, 42 n. 4, 53 n. 2, 57 n. 2, 64 n. 3, 89 n. 4, 117 n. 1, 123 n. 3, 131 n. 1, 135 n. 3, 159 n. 3, 161 n. 4, 169 n. 5, 170 n. 1, 172 n. 1, 180 n. 4, 212 nn. 1-5, 7, 9, 213 nn. 1, 3, 288 n. 3. See Apocalypse, Gospel the Fourth

Tetragrammaton, the four-lettered name of Yahweh, i. 100 n. 4; ii. 47 n. 3; used in most spells, ii. 34; Adonai substituted for original name in O.T., ii. 71 n. 1. See Akâe, Bêqâ

Thales of Miletus, his doctrine that water is the beginning of all things, ii. 36

Thartharaoth, magic word used in Diagram, ii. 71

Thauthabaoth, the like, ibid.

Thebes, the Greek, i. 6, 13; the Egyptian, succeeded by Memphis as religious capital, i. 51

Thebuthis, leader of early sect mentioned by Hegesippus, ii. 6 n. 4; said to be first who corrupted the Church because not made bishop, ii. 8 n. 3

Thekla, relations between her and St Paul in Pagan eyes, i. 179 n. 2

Theletos or Desired, member of Valentinian Dodecad and spouse of Sophia, ii. 101

Themistius, the neo-Platonist, says philosopher should know all religions, but belong to none, ii. 270

Themistocles, goes to Susa when banished, i. 7

Theocrasia. See Egyptians, Greeks, Ionia

Theocritus, the poet, shows Adonis worshipped as form of Osiris, i. 55; like Apuleius makes Thessaly home of sorcerers, i. 108

Theocritus, Bishop of Chalcedon, rabbles Ophites in Vth century, ii. 77

Theodore bar Khôni, gives number of Ophite planetary heavens as ten, ii. 70 n. 2; says Bardesanes teaches that world made from five substances, ii. 291 n. 3; makes surrender of First Man to Satan tactical, ii. 294 n. 2; amplifies earlier account of deliverance of First Man, ii. 295 nn. 1, 2, 302 n. 1; does not mention Wheel, ii. 297 n. 2; his elaborate account of creation of man and other animals, ii. 304 n. 1; his Book of Scholia, its date and authorship, ii. 321. See Appellant and Respondent, Ban, Kashgar, Manichaeism

Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, writes against Magi, ii. 237

Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus, for spread of Simonians, i. 199; on Third Person of Ophite Trinity, ii. 42 n. 5; says Ophiomorphus changes from good to evil, ii. 78; boasts conversion of 100 Marcionites, ii. 216

Theodosius, the Emperor, sanctions demolition of heathen temples in Alexandria, i. 83

Theodoti, Excerpta, preserved by Clement of Alexandria, ii. 10 n. 1; represent teaching of Anatolic School, ii. 109 n. 1; describe repose of spiritual and psychic souls until Consummation, ii. 111 n. 1; astrological destiny of man modified by baptism, ii. 115 n. 3; Jesus receives tincture from planetary worlds in His descent, ii. 116 n. 1; quote opening words of Fourth Gospel, ii. 117 n. 1, 177 n. 4; date of, ii. 158 n. 1; astrological doctrine among Gnostics first prominent in, ibid.; quoted, ii. 109 n. 1, 111 n. 1, 115 n. 3, 116 n. 1, 117 n. 1, 177 n. 4

Theodotus the Valentinian, a native of Byzantium, ii. 9; a leader of the Anatolic School of Valentinians, ii. 119; followers of, worship Melchizidek (Hippolytus), ii. 148 n. 1

Theophilus, Bishop of Alexandria, “the perpetual enemy of peace and virtue” (Gibbon), i. 83; procures destruction of the Alexandrian Serapeum, i. 84

Theophilus, Bishop of Antioch, first to mention by name St John’s Gospel, ii. 178

Theophrastus, mentions in his Characters the Orpheotelestae, i. 140

Theopompos of Chios, Plutarch’s authority for statements about Zoroaster, i. lxii; ii. 214 n. 2, 289 n. 3; gives independent principle to evil, ii. 289 n. 3

Theoris, priestess of Athenian confraternity convicted of sale of poisons, i. 23 n. 2

Theotokos, the, worship of Virgin Mary as, introduced at destruction of Serapeum, i. 85

Thersites, murder of, by Achilles leads to first instance of purification among Greeks, i. 121 n. 4

Theseus, made immortal because son of divine father, i. 18

Thessaly, inhabitants of, called Thracians, i. 136. See Theocritus, Thracians

Thian, Chinese god compared to Egyptian Nu (Maspero), i. 73 n. 4

Thibet, Manes retires to, when exiled, ii. 281

Thomas, the Apostle, in Pistis Sophia one of the three recorders of the words of Jesus, ii. 157; all apocrypha attributed to, probably Manichaean (Dufourcq), ii. 351

Thomas, missionary despatched by Manes into Syria, ii. 352

Thomas, The Gospel of, used by Ophites, probably not that now extant, ii. 79

Thoth, the god, the ibis-totem brought into legend of Osiris, i. 35, 36; epithet of, made name of Roman writer on magic (Maspero), i. 108 n. 1

Thothmes IV, King of Egypt, dream of, regarding Sphinx of Gizeh, i. 77 n. 2

Thrace, gods of, early brought into Athens, i. 16; Orphic teaching comes into Greece through, i. 122, 136; worship of Theban Dionysos comes from, i. 136

Thracians, the, to Greek writers, inhabitants of Macedonia and Thessaly, i. 136; their horror of birth and delight at death (Herodotus), ibid.

Thrasea, the “Stoic saint” (Dill), ii. 87

Thueris, the goddess, called “great of sorcery, cat of Ethiopia” in Magic Papyrus, i. 37 n. 1

Tiamat, the goddess, heaven and earth made out of her dead body in Babylonian legend, ii. 44 n. 3; story of, perhaps reproduced by Ophites, ibid.; and by Manichaeans, ii. 295 n. 2

Tiberius, the Emperor, exiles worshippers of Isis to Sardinia, i. 53, 78; no Christian converts of rank in reign of, ii. 8 n. 5

Tiele, Cornelius Petrus, on dislike of Hellenists for comparative method, i. l n. 2; says science of religions long looked on with suspicion, i. liv

Tigranes, King of Armenia, his tyranny in Phrygia, ii. 29

Timon of Phlya, his contempt for philosophers of Museum, i. 45

Timotheos, the Eumolpid, with Manetho founds Alexandrian religion, i. 44; name may be typical only (Bouché-Leclercq), i. 44 n. 1; his use of Eleusinian Mysteries, i. 61

Timothy, son of Eunice, of Jewish descent, but not circumcised (Ramsay), ii. 28 n. 3

Titan, name equated with Ham by Moses of Chorene, i. lx

Titans, the, murderers of Zagreus, i. 37; tear Zagreus in pieces from jealousy, i. 42, 125; sons of Heaven and Earth, i. 125; in Orphic myth entrap infant Zagreus, i. ibid.; blasted with lightning by Zeus, ibid.; introduced into Zagreus legend by Onomacritos, i. 126 n. 3; man in Orphic teaching made out of ashes of, i. 127; Orphic contempt for body which belongs to, i. 128; disguise of, recalled in Sabazian rites, i. 138; the second Dionysos torn to pieces and eaten by, i. 144; Orphic hymns invoke, i. 146; parallel to jealousy of, in system of Simon Magus, i. 190 n. 2; representation of blasting of, on Mithraic monument, ii. 254

Titus, the Emperor, repeated rebellions of Jews after destruction of Temple by, i. 163; ii. 5; Essenes survive capture of Jerusalem by, i. 170; Christians regarded as Jews till time of, ii. 4

Tobit, The Book of, Ophites quote from, ii. 81

Trajan, the Emperor, in his time knowledge of Latin not necessary at Rome, i. 9; atrocities committed by Jews throughout East, temp., i. 172 n. 1; the Didache not later than (Duchesne), ii. 7 n. 2; earns title of Parthicus by his Eastern victories, ii. 225; conquers Dacia and colonizes it with Orientals, ii. 271

Tranquillina, wife of Gordian III, i. 24

Transmigration of Souls, doctrine of Pythagoreans taken over by Orphics, i. 127; origin of belief in, i. 129; doctrine of, in Pindar, ibid.; initiation into Mysteries frees from, i. 130, 134; taught by Simon Magus, i. 196; variations of doctrines in the Ophite system, ii. 65, 75; in that of Valentinus, ii. 115; in that of the Pistis Sophia, ii. 164, 165, 173; in that of the Texts of the Saviour, ii. 183, 187; in the worship of Mithras, ii. 264, 265; in Manichaeism, ii. 308

Trees, the Five, of the Pistis Sophia, powers of the Treasure-house, ii. 141; the Great Powers of the Right emanate from, ii. 147

Tridynami, or Triple Powers of the Pistis Sophia mentioned in the address of the powers to Jesus, ii. 143; the Great Propator, Barbelo and the Authades, ii. 150, 151; give birth to 24 Invisible Powers of whom Pistis Sophia is the last, ibid.

Triparadeisos, treaty of, confirms Ptolemy Soter in possession of Egypt, i. 30

Triptolemus, shown at Eleusis as setting out to spread knowledge of agriculture through world, i. 41

Tryphera, Athenian courtezan who was member of confraternity, i. 22

Tun-huang, Manichaean treatise discovered at, ii. 352; quoted, ii. 323 n. 3, 327 nn. 2, 4, 329 n. 1, 330 nn. 1, 3, 339 n. 1, 341 n. 1, 346 n. 1, 352, 353, 354. See Buddhas, Dove

Turfan, Manichaean texts discovered at, ii. 316, 317; quoted, 323 nn. 3, 4, 324 nn. 1, 4, 327 n. 2, 329 n. 1, 350 n. 4, 356 n. 4. See Jesus, Mithras, Srôsh, Virgin of Light, Zervan

Tzimiskes, the Emperor John, settles Manichaeans in Bulgaria, ii. 357

Ulpian, the jurist, his maxim that all men are equal before the law, ii. 86

Ulysses, purifies Achilles for murder of Thersites, i. 121 n. 4. See Odysseus

Unas, King of Egypt, represented as eating gods to obtain their power, i. 125 n. 3

Uranus or Ouranos, the god, emasculated by Kronos his successor, i. 123; Dionysos descendant of, i. 133; never represented with stars, ibid.; with his wife Gê corresponds to Simonian syzygy, i. 185; presides over Third Age of Orphics, i. 186; his wife Gê type of all earth-goddesses, ii. 45 n. 1

Uranus, the planet, not known in classical times, i. 116

Valens, the Emperor, syncretism of Pagan religion, temp., i. 83

Valentinian I, the Emperor, Mithraic inscriptions in reign of Valens and, i. 83

Valentinians, the, grow up in atmosphere of Orphic teaching, i. 128 n. 1; like Simonians, make heavens persons as well as worlds, i. 187 n. 2; Docetism of, i. 191 n. 4; probably quote from Peshitto version of O.T., ii. 81 n. 1; persecuted by orthodox, ii. 96; divide into two schools, ii. 118, 119; views of, as to Devil, ii. 108, 256; not a secret sect like Basilidians, ii. 126; their compliances with heathenism, ii. 126, 127; high price of their mysteries, ii. 127 n. 4; their success in Egypt, ii. 132; protected by Julian, ibid.; superseded by Manichaeism, ibid.; assign corporate existence to Decad etc., ii. 160 n. 1; sometimes delay baptism till deathbed (Tertullian), ii. 168; say Catholics only capable of salvation, ii. 173; of Hadrian’s time, not responsible for Texts of Saviour, ii. 180 n. 3; most numerous of heretics, ii. 216

Valentinus, the heresiarch, accusation of disappointed ambition against, ii. 8 n. 3; said to have been a Jew (Neander), ii. 9 n. 1; Docetism of, ii. 17; followers of, innovate on his doctrines (Tertullian), ii. 27, 28; connection between systems of V. and of Simon, ii. 45 n. 1, 93; first makes Gnosticism workable form of Christianity, ii. 93; importance of system of, in eyes of Fathers, ii. 95; his Supreme Being, ii. 96, 97; his system of aeons, ii. 98-103; its possible explanation, ii. 99, 100; his Fall of Sophia and its consequences, ii. 104-108; his Four Worlds or “Places,” ii. 108, 109; his three species of souls, ii. 112; his Christology, ii. 113, 114; his life, followers and successors, ii. 117-121; his religion contrasted with that of Church, ii. 121-124; his obligation to Ophites, ii. 124, 143; moral dangers of teaching of, ii. 127, 128, 129; services of, to Christianity, ii. 132, 133; revival in Paris of religion of, ii. 133 n. 1; system of Pistis Sophia resembles that of, ii. 135, 158, 159; boundary Powers common to both, ii. 140 n. 2; the Power of P.S. and the Logoi of, ii. 149 n. 5; verbal juggling common to both systems, ii. 169; V. probable author of first two books of P.S., ii. 177, 178, 179; religion of, derived from Ophites, but degenerates under Egyptian influence, ii. 197, 198; heresy of, contrasted with Marcion’s, ii. 204; links with Manichaeism through Bardesanes, ii. 291; quoted, ii. 110, 112 n. 3, 113 n. 1, 125

Valerian, the Emperor, captured by Sapor I, ii. 226, 281; his defeat lets Goths into Dacia, ii. 271

Varanes or Bahram I, the Shah, puts Manes to death, ii. 281; institutes persecution against Manichaeans, ii. 317

Varuna, the god, invoked in Vedas with Mithras, ii. 230-232, 248; god of sky and prototype of Zeus, ii. 231; a god of Mitannians or Hittites, ibid.

Vatican, monument of Isis-worship in, i. 73; papyri of recluse of Serapeum in Library of, i. 80 n. 1

Vedas, the, religion of, may have come from Asia Minor, i. 122 n. 3; associate Varuna with Mitra, ii. 232, 248

Veil, “within the,” of Hebrews and P. S., ii. 135; guardian of, ii. 148 n. 3

Vellay, M. Charles, shows fusion in first centuries of legends of Osiris, Attis and Adonis, i. 55 n. 4

Ventidiu Bassus, Publius, drives Parthians out of Palestine, i. 161 n. 3

Venus, the goddess, identified with Greek Isis, i. 56. See Aphrodite

Venus, the planet, omen of distress among Assyrians, i. 114; a benefic to Chaldaeans, i. 116; and in Texts of Saviour, i. 118 n. 1; one of the Ophite hebdomad, ii. 48; her sphere in Diagram, ii. 74 n. 1; ruled by power from Pistis Sophia, ii. 162 n. 3, 180, 186; one of the five which control the stars of Adamas, ii. 182

Verethragna, the god, represented as Hercules on Mithraic monuments (Cumont), ii. 258

Vespasian, the Emperor, dream sent to, by Serapis in Temple at Alexandria, i. 77; siege of Temple of Jerusalem by, ii. 23

Victorinus of Pettau, probable author of pseudo-Tertullian’s tract against heresies, ii. 25 n. 3; his story that Simon calls Helena, Sophia, ii. 45 n. 1

Vincentius, tomb of, in Catacomb of Praetextatus at Rome shows links between Sabazius and Mithras, ii. 259 n. 2

Virgin of Light, the, perhaps mentioned in Ophite address to Astaphaeus, ii. 73 n. 2; causes soul of Elijah to be planted in St John Baptist, ii. 137, 150; her place and office, ii. 137 n. 3; one of the two Leaders of the Middle, ii. 150; working agent in salvation of souls, ii. 158; her dealing with soul which has received lesser mysteries, ii. 165, 174; the like with second mystery of First Mystery, ii. 167; in Texts of Saviour gives the “Power,” ii. 184; sends soul of slanderer into afflicted body, ii. 187; reappears in Manichaeism, ii. 299 n. 1; in Manichaeism retires into Moon at end of world, ii. 323 n. 4

Vohu Mano, the Amshaspand, reference to, in Apocalypse of Salathiel, i. 167 n. 2; first of Amshaspands in Avesta, i. 181 n. 1; receives faithful soul at death, ii. 311

Vologeses or Valkash, King of Parthia, collects books of Avesta, ii. 278, 283; his attempt at reformation of Zoroastrianism unsuccessful, ii. 284

Vonones, King of Parthia, his philhellenism offends his subjects, ii. 282

Vulcan, the god, on Mithraic monument, ii. 238 n. 3

Way, the Middle, in Texts of Saviour Jesus transfers himself and his disciples to, ii. 182; a place of torment, ii. 187

Wesley, John, founder of a “Free Church,” ii. 19

Wessely, Dr Karl, edits Magic Papyri, i. 101

Wheel of Salvation, in Manichaeism, ii. 297, 306, 308. See Zodiac

Winckler, Dr Hugo, his astral theory of Oriental religion, i. 115 n. 1; his discovery of worship of Vedic gods in Asia Minor, ii. 45 n. 1, 231

Williams-Jackson, Prof. A. V., puts date of Zoroaster at 700 B.C., i. lxii

Woide, librarian of British Museum, first draws attention to Pistis Sophia, ii. 134

Woman, the First, the Holy Spirit of the Ophites, ii. 40; at first female form of Ophite Supreme Being, later proceeds from Father and Son, ii. 41 n. 2; story of superfluous Light which falls from, ii. 44; Sophia springs from left side of, Christos from right, ii. 46; not mentioned by Sophia when undeceiving Ialdabaoth, ii. 51 n. 5

Xenocrates of Chalcedon, his date, i. 47 n. 1; speaks of a supernal and infernal Zeus, i. 47 n. 1; ii. 239 n. 6; makes Zeus both male and female, i. 47 n. 4; calls stars and planets, gods, i. 186 n. 2

Xenophanes of Colophon, says Demeter and Persephone the same goddess, i. 46

Xenophon, authority for visits of the King’s Eye to satraps, i. 2 n. 1; treats Socrates as polytheist, i. 11

Xisuthros, the Babylonian Noah, i. lx

Yahweh of Israel, a mountain god to Syrians, i. 10; Hebrew Prophets’ and Psalmists’ monotheistic conception of, i. 11; associated in magic with Zeus and Serapis, i. 107; according to Jews, promises them exclusive temporal advantages, i. 150; on same authority, makes world for sake of Jews, i. 165; stars the viceroys of (Philo), i. 187; the “Father” of second or intermediate world of Simon, i. 188; called Hypsistos in Asia Minor (Cumont), ii. 31, 85 n. 3; Anat and Bethel assessors of, at Elephantine, ii. 32 n. 4, 43 n. 2; name of, specially used in magic, ii. 33; name of, ineffable after Alexander, ii. 37 n. 1; Sophia his delight and instrument, ii. 45 n. 1; called Ialdabaoth by Ophites, ii. 47; in Ophite system, power below the Supreme God, ii. 84; called the Great Archon by Basilides, ii. 94; probably the Jeû of Pistis Sophia, ii. 148

Yazatas, the. See Izeds

Yezdegerd II, the Shah, Zervanist sect dominant in Persia, temp., ii. 285

York, Mithraic monuments at, ii. 239

Yung, Dr Émile, his views on hypnotism and crystal-gazing, i. 110

Zacchaei, the, Gnostic sect mentioned by Epiphanius, ii. 27 n. 1

Zachariah, the Prophet, shows hatred of Gentiles, i. 167 n. 4

Zagreus, the god, secret worship of, in Greece in early times, i. 17; Cretan legend of, i. 37; the same as taught at Eleusis, i. 42; and by Orphics, i. 124, 125; Orphics connect Passion and Resurrection of, with history of man, i. 126; Orphics teach that man’s soul is part of, i. 127; initiate becomes identified with Zagreus by eating raw flesh of victim, i. 128; identified with Iacchos at Eleusis, i. 130; and with Sabazius, i. 137; called “Highest of All” (Aeschylus), i. 137 n. 3; rites of Sabazius explained by legend of, i. 138; sewing of heart of, in thigh of Zeus and its result, i. 145

Zarazaz, cryptographic name of power in Texts of Saviour otherwise Maskelli, ii. 75 n. 1, 148 n. 3; perhaps Guardian of Veil of Treasure-house, ii. 148 n. 3

Zeesar, cryptographic name of heavenly river among Ophites, ii. 94 n. 3

Zeller, his view of Philo’s powers of God, i. 174

Zend Avesta. See Avesta

Zeno of Cyprus, why not quoted by Ophite writers, ii. 83

Zervan, said by Moses of Chorene to be the Patriarch Shem, i. lx; Supreme God of Light in Tun-huang and Turfan texts, ii. 323, 342, 343

Zervan Akerene, supreme divinity of sect of Zoroastrian heretics, ii. 236; head of Mithraic pantheon and father of Ormuzd and Ahriman (Cumont), ii. 252; Mihr Nerses’ proclamation concerning, ii. 285; belief in, denounced in Khuastuanift, ii. 339

Zeus, Crete or Asia Minor birthplace of, i. 16; identified with many gods of Asia and Europe, i. 17; father of Zagreus by Persephone, i. 37, 42, 138; union with Demeter shown in Mysteries, i. 40, 61 n. 1; Hermes sent by, to Hades for deliverance of Persephone, i. 41; father of Dionysos his destined successor, i. 46; the Z. of Phidias model for Serapis, i. 49; “Serapis is Z.”, i. 55; Achilles’ flattery of, i. 95; identified in magic spell with Serapis and Yahweh, i. 106, 107; Orphic, swallows Phanes and becomes father of gods and men, i. 123; his relations with Orphic Dionysos, i. 124; blasts Titans after murder of Zagreus, i. 125; Orphic “an initiate of Idaean Z.” (Euripides), i. 128; man’s soul a descendant of, according to Orphics, i. 133; relations of Orphic, with Demeter and Persephone, i. 142, 144, 145; Titans enemies of, ii. 146; identified by Orphics with Dionysos, ii. 147; Samaritans offer Antiochus Epiphanes to dedicate Mt Gerizim temple to, i. 177; Orphics assign last age of world but one to, i. 186; called Metropator by Orphics, i. 190 n. 1; Barnabas hailed as, in Phrygia, i. 191 n. 3; ii. 42; legend of Z. and Persephone referred to Asia Minor, ii. 49; Varuna perhaps prototype of, ii. 231; “the whole circuit of the sky” to Persians (Herodotus), ii. 234; identified with Ormuzd, ii. 237; on Mithraic monuments, ii. 238, 254. See Jupiter, Polycleitos

Zeus Chthonios, “the God” of Eleusis, i. 47; mentioned by Hesiod, i. 126; identified with Hades and Dionysos, i. 130; and with Adonis, i. 137; the serpent lover of Persephone, i. 145 n. 2

Zeus Labrandos, double axe symbol of, ii. 67 n. 3. See Lairbenos

Zodiac, the, in Texts of Saviour salvation determined by entry of benefic planet into certain signs of, i. 118; in Pistis Sophia Twelve Aeons means, ii. 137 n. 1, 154; Pythagoras’ division of, ii. 144 n. 8; the Twelve “members of Light” in Manichaeism, ii. 293 n. 2; the Wheel with twelve buckets in same, ii. 297 n. 2; the twelve daughters of the Third Legate, ii. 328

Zoë or Life, member of second Valentinian syzygy, ii. 98

Zoroaster, Parsi belief in special inspiration of, i. liii; religion of, once shared with Buddhism and Christianity belief of civilized world, i. lviii; Plutarch’s date for, i. lxii; religion reformed by, may be pre-Homeric, i. lxiii; date of, 700 B.C., i. 126 n. 3; ii. 232; both Bardesanes and Marcion borrow from (Al-Bîrûnî), ii. 214 n. 2; name and doctrine of, known in West long before Plutarch, ii. 234; reform of, directed against worship of Ahriman (Rosenberg), ii. 253 n. 5; Ardeshîr entrusts Magi with propagation of reformed religion of, ii. 280; divine origin of teaching of, acknowledged by Manes, ii. 316

Zoroastrianism, borrows from Babylonia, i. lxi; our ignorance of origin and dates of, i. lxii; adopts theory of seven planetary spheres surrounding earth, i. 117; Orphic poems seem reminiscent of reformed, i. 122; late form of, derives origin of man from death of Gayômort, i. 126 n. 3; fire which burns wicked like warm milk to just, i, 134 n. 1; doctrine of Essenes said to be derived from, i. 156; doctrine of Amshaspands in, i. 181; likeness between post-Exilic Judaism and (Cheyne), i. 181 n. 1; Simon Magus’ ideas in part derived from (Franck), i. 197; revolt of Gaumata perhaps directed against, ii. 233; its restoration and reform by Ardeshîr, ii. 284; Manes’ description of lot of justified taken from, ii. 310

Zwingli, founder of a “Free Church,” ii. 19

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Footnotes

Transcriber’s Notes: Footnotes have been collected at the end of the text, and are linked for ease of reference.