CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

Biographical. Genealogy of the American Folsoms VII

Autobiographical. Parentage IX Time and Place of Birth IX Earliest Recollections IX Removal to Bloomfield, Maine X First Essay at Logging X Commencing Life XI Lost in the Snow XIII Adventure on Moosehead Lake XII On the Penobscot XII Reminiscences of Maine XIII Moosehead Lake XIII Ascent of Kinneo Mountain XIV Moose Hunting XIV Mount Bigelow XV Lumbering in Maine XVI

CHAPTER I.

Going West. 1 Lakes Huron and Michigan 3 Chicago and Milwaukee 5 On Foot to Galena 6 The Northwestern Territory 7 Arrival at Dubuque 7 Reminiscences of Dubuque 8 Arrival at Prairie du Chien 9 Early History of Prairie du Chien 9 Ancient Document 10 Forts Shelby—McKay—Crawford 11 First Commissioners at Prairie du Chien 11 Organization of Crawford County 12 Indian Troubles 12 Running the Gauntlet 13 Fort Crawford Robbed 13 Early Justice 14 A Southward Journey 15 New Orleans, Vicksburg 15 Return to Prairie du Chien 16 Privations 16 A Perilous Journey 17 Return to Maine—Mountains of New Hampshire 17 Marriage 18 Prairie du Chien in 1837 18 American Residents 19

Biographies. James Duane Doty 19 James H. Lockwood 20 Indian Troubles 21 John S. Lockwood 22 Samuel Gilbert 23 Michael Brisbois 23 Pierre La Point 24 Joseph Rolette 24 Hercules Dousman 24 Rev. David Lowry 25 Chief Justice Charles Dunn 25 Rev. Alfred Brunson 26 Ira Brunson 27 John H. Folsom 28 Ezekiel Tainter 28 Judge Wyram Knowlton 29 Robert Lester 29 Thomas Pendleton Burnett 30 General Henry Dodge 30 General George W. Jones 31 S. G. and S. L. Tainter, John Thomas 31

CHAPTER II.

STILLWATER AND ST. CROIX COUNTY.

From Prairie du Chien to Stillwater 32 Stillwater in 1845 33 St. Croix County 33 First Settlement in 1838 34 Dismemberment of St. Croix Valley from Crawford County 34 Judge Irwin's Court in 1840 35 Events in 1840, First Commissioners' Meeting 35 Election Precincts in 1841 36 Early History of Stillwater 37 The First Saw Mill 37 Copy of Agreement of Mill Company 38 Agreement of Land Claims 40 Bateau Voyage up the St. Croix 41 Indian Drunks 42 Skiff Voyage to Prairie du Chien 42 Mail Carrying 43 Claim and Mill at Arcola 43 Stillwater in 1846, Events 44 Overland Trip to Prairie du Chien 44 Return, Adventure 45 A Pioneer Cat 45 Stillwater in 1847 46 Territorial Election 46 Arrest of Nodin and Ne-she-ke-o-ge-ma 46 Visit to Sunrise, Connor's Camp 47 Murder of Henry Rust 47 Funeral, Indignation Meeting 48 First District Court in Stillwater 48 Nodin and Ne-she-ke-o-ge-ma Acquitted 49 Steamer War Eagle and Raft 49 Society Ball in Stillwater 49 Stillwater in 1848 50

CHAPTER III.

BIOGRAPHIES.

Joseph Renshaw Brown 52 Paul Carli 53 Dr. Christopher Carli 53 Lydia Ann Carli 54 Phineas Lawrence 54 Jacob Fisher 55 James S. Anderson 55 Emanuel D. Farmer 56 Col. John Greely 56 Mrs. Hannah Greely 57 Elam Greely 57 Himan Greely 57 Aquilla Greely 58 Elias McKean 58 Calvin F. Leach 58 Socrates Nelson 58 Mrs. Socrates Nelson 59 Edward Blake 59 Walter R Vail 59 John E Mower 60 Martin Mower 61 William Willim 61 Albert Harris 61 Cornelius Lyman 62 David B Loomis 62 William E Cove 63 John Smith 63 John Morgan 63 Anson Northrup 63 Robert Kennedy 64 Harvey Wilson 65 Andrew Jackson Short 65 James D McComb 65 William Rutherford 66 Albion Masterman 66 Joseph N Masterman 66 Mahlon Black 66 Morton S Wilkinson 67 William Stanchfield 67 Thomas Ramsdell 68 Charles Macey 68 Jonathan E McKusick 68 John McKusick 68 William McKusick 69 Noah McKusick 69 Royal McKusick 69 Ivory E McKusick 69 Charles E Leonard 69 Daniel McLean 70 Robert Simpson 70 William H Hooper 70 James H Spencer 71 John T Blackburn 71 Joseph T Blackburn 71 Horace McKinstry 71 Seth M Sawyer 71 Henry Sawyer 72 Alvah D Heaton 72 John McKenzie 72 George McKenzie 72 Henry Kattenberg 72 Julius F Brunswick 73 Henry McLean 73 Hugh Burns 73 Sylvanus Trask 73 Ariel Eldridge 73 Edward White Durant 74 Oliver Parsons 75 Albert Stimson 75 Abraham Van Voorhees 75 Michael E Owens 76 Joseph Bonin 77 Marcel Gagnon 77 Sebastian Marty 77 John Marty 77 Adam Marty 77 Michael McHale 77 George Watson 78 Rev Eleazer A Greenleaf 78 J B Covey 78 John Shaesby 78 John S Proctor 78 Barron Proctor 79 Henry Westing 79 Thomas Dunn 79 Charles J Gardiner 79 Samuel Staples 79 Josiah Staples 80 Joel M Darling 80 Early River Pilots 80 Joe Perro 80 James McPhail 80 John Cormack 81 John Hanford 81 John Leach 81 Stephen B Hanks 81 Samuel S Hanks 81

CHAPTER IV

POLK COUNTY

Description and History 82 Franklin Steele, the First Pioneer 82 His Account of the Settlement 83 The St Croix Falls Lumbering Company 83 Organization and History 83 St Croix River, Origin of Name 84 Treaty and Purchase of 1838 85 History of Polk County 85 County Seat located at St. Croix Falls 86 First Election County Officers 86 First Happenings 87 The Liquor Traffic 87 Melancholy Results 88 Death of Hall and Livingston 88 Indian "Jamboree." 88 Frontier Justice 89 Balsam Lake Murders 89 Execution of an Indian 89 Population of St. Croix Falls in 1848 90 Natural Language 90 Drowning of H. H. Perkins 90 A Quailtown Murder 90 Mineral Permits 91 Marriage under Difficulties 91 An Indian Scare 92 The First Fire Canoe 92 Mill Building 92 More Indian Murders 93 Indian Battle of Stillwater 96 The First Loggers 96 The First Rafting 97 An Indian Payment 98 Indian Dancing and Theft 99 Other Thefts 99 Hard Times 100 Puzzled Indians, "Ugh! Ugh!" 101 Mrs. Worth and Muckatice 101

CHAPTER V.

POLK COUNTY—CONTINUED.

Biographies. Gov. William Holcombe 103 William S. Hungerford 104 Caleb Cushing 104 Judge Henry D. Barron 105 George W. Brownell 107 Col. Robert C. Murphy 108 Edward Worth 109 Mrs. Mary C. Worth 109 Maurice M. Samuels 109 Joseph B. Churchill 110 John McLean 110 Gilman Jewell 110 Elisha Creech 110 James W. McGlothlin 110 Andrew L. Tuttle 110 John Weymouth 111 B. W. Reynolds 111 Augustus Gaylord 111 James D. Reymert 111 William J. Vincent 112 Thompson Brothers 112 William Amery 112 Lewis Barlow 113 Levi W. Stratton 113 Elma M. Blanding 113 Blanding Family 113 Frederick G. Bartlett 114 Michael Field 115 Alden 115 Rev. A. B. Peabody 115 V. M. Babcock 117 Apple River 117 Balsam Lake 117 Beaver 118 Black Brook 118 Clam Falls 119 Daniel F. Smith 119 Clayton 120 Reuben F. Little 120 Clear Lake 122 Pineville 123 Frank M. Nye 123 Eureka 123 Charles Nevers 123 Farmington 124 Harmon Crandall 125 Samuel Wall 125 William Ramsey 125 Hiram R. Nason 126 Joel F. Nason 126 John McAdams 126 Charles Tea 126 Garfield 126 Georgetown 127 A Double Murder 127 George P. Anderson 128 Laketown 128 Lincoln 128 William Wilson 129 Loraine 129 William W. Gallespie 130 Luck 130 William H. Foster 130 Milltown 130 Patrick Lillis 131 Osceola 131 Scenery 132 First Happenings 132 Change of Name 133 Osceola Village 134 Daniel Mears 134 Nelson McCarty 134 William O. Mahony 135 Richard Arnold 135 William Kent, Sr. 135 Robert Kent 135 Andrew Kent 135 William, James, Thomas, and John Kent 136 Samuel Close 136 Ebenezer Ayres 136 Dr. Carmi P. Garlick 137 John S. Godfrey 137 William A. Talboys 137 Charles H. Staples 138 J. W. Peake 138 George Wilson 138 Samuel B. Dresser 138 Frederic A. Dresser 139 Oscar A. Clark 139 Oscar F. Knapp 139 Mrs. Elisabeth B. Hayes 140 Cyrus G. Bradley 140 W. Hale 141 Edgar C. Treadwell 141 St. Croix Falls 141 St. Croix Falls Village 141 West Sweden 142 Sterling 142 Dr. Samuel Deneen 143 William W. Trimmer 143 Arnold Densmore 143

CHAPTER VI.

ST. CROIX COUNTY.

Organization, 1840 144 Division, 1848 144 County Seat Located at Buena Vista 145 First Election 145 Division of the County, 1853 146 Present Limits 146 General Description 146 Monument Rock 147 Towns and Date of Organization 148 St. Croix County Agricultural Society 148 Pomona Grange 148 Agricultural Statistics 148 Manufactures 149 St. Croix Poor Farm 149 First Tax Roll of County, 1848 149 Hudson City 152 Original Claimants 153 First Survey, etc. 153 First Deed Recorded 154 City Government 155 Mayors of the City 155 City Schools 155 Military Institute 156 Mills and Manufactories 156 Banks 156 Oliver Wendell Holmes Hospital 157 Water Works 158 Hotels, the Great Fire, 1866 158 Social and Benevolent Organizations 159

Biographies. Louis Massey 159 Peter Bouchea 160 William Steets 160 Capt. John B. Page 160 Dr. Philip Aldrich 160 The Nobles Family 161 James Purinton 161 Ammah Andrews 162 James Walstow 162 James Sanders 162 J. W. Stone 162 Joseph Bowron 163 Moses Perin 163 John O. Henning 163 Moses S. Gibson 164 Col. James Hughes 164 Daniel Anderson 165 Alfred Day 165 Dr. Otis Hoyt 165 S. S. N. Fuller 166 Miles H. Van Meter 166 Philip B. Jewell 166 John Tobin 166 Horace A. Taylor 167 Jeremiah Whaley 167 Simon Hunt 167 John S. Moffatt 167 James H. Childs 168 William Dwelley 168 James M. Fulton 168 Marcus A. Fulton 168 David C. Fulton 168 N. S. Holden 168 William H. Semmes 169 Sterling Jones 169 D. R. Bailey 169 Henry C. Baker 169 Mert Herrick 169 D. A. Baldwin 170 John Comstock 170 Lucius P. Wetherby 170 John C. Spooner 170 Thomas Porter 171 Herman L. Humphrey 171 Theodore Cogswell 172 Frank P. Catlin 172 Charles Y. Denniston 173 A. E. Jefferson 173 Samuel C. Symonds 173 John E. Glover 173 Lemuel North 173 Edgar Nye 173 William T. Price 173 E. B. Bundy 174

Towns and Biographies. Baldwin 174 Baldwin Village 174 Woodville Village 175 Cady 175 Cylon 175 Eau Galle 176 Emerald 176 Erin Prairie 176 Forest 177 Glenwood 177 Hammond 177 Hammond Village 178 John Thayer 178 Rev. William Egbert 178 Hudson 178 James Kelly 178 Daniel Coit 179 James Virtue 179 Theodore M. Bradley 179 William Dailey 179 Robert and Wm. McDiarmid 179 William Martin 179 Paschal Aldrich 180 Kinnikinic 180 Duncan McGregor 180 W. B. and James A. Mapes 181 Pleasant Valley 182 Richmond 182 Boardman Village 183 Gridley Village 183 New Richmond Village 183 New Richmond City 183 Bank, High School 184 Benjamin B.C. Foster 184 Robert Philbrick 185 Linden Coombs 185 Eben Quinby 185 Lewis Oaks 185 Henry Russell 185 Joseph D. Johnson 185 Joel Bartlett 185 Francis W. Bartlett 186 George C. Hough 186 Silas Staples 186 Dr. Henry Murdock 187 Steven N. Hawkins 187 Rush River 188 Somerset 188 Somerset Village 189 Gen. Samuel Harriman 189 St. Joseph 190 Houlton Village 191 Burkhardt Village 191 Springfield 191 Hersey Village 191 Wilson Village 192 Stanton 192 Star Prairie 192 Huntington Village 192 Star Prairie Village 192 Hon. R. K. Fay 192 Troy 193 James Chinnock 193 William L. Perrin 193 Warren 194 James Hill 194 Village Plats 195

CHAPTER VII

PIERCE COUNTY.

Descriptive 196 History, First Events 197 County Seat Changed to Ellsworth 198 Railroads 199 Miscellaneous Statistics 199 Village Plats 199 Organization of Towns 200 Clifton 200 George W. McMurphy 201 Osborne Strahl 201 Charles B. Cox 201 Ephraim Harnsberger 201 Diamond Bluff 202 Capt. John Paine 202 John Day 202 Sarah A. Vance 203 Allen R. Wilson 203 E. S. Coulter 203 James Bamber 203 Jacob Mead 203 Charles Walbridge 203 Charles F. Hoyt 203 Enoch Quinby 203 The First Settler 203 El Paso 204 Ellsworth 205 Ellsworth Village 205 Anthony Huddleston 206 Perry D. Pierce 206 Hans B. Warner 207 Gilman 207 Hartland 208 Isabelle 208 Maiden Rock 209 Christopher L. Taylor 209 Martell 209 Oak Grove 210 Lewis M. Harnsberger 210 Prescott City 210 History 211 Platted in 1857 212 First Official Board 212 Statistics, First Events 212 Churches 212 Fair Grounds 213 Cemetery 213 Destructive Fires 213 Philander Prescott 214 George Schaser 214 William S. Lockwood 215 James Monroe Bailey 215 Adolph Werkman 215 Joseph Manese 215 Hilton Doe 215 Lute A. Taylor 215 John Huitt 216 John M. Rice 216 An Indian Battle 216 River Falls 217 First Happenings 217 Water Powers 217 Schools at River Falls 218 River Falls Academy 218 Churches 219 Associations 219 Bank, Railroad 220 Fires 220 River Falls City, Organization 220 Falls of Kinnikinic 220 The Cave Cabin 221 The Fourth State Normal School 221 Joel Foster 224 Jesse B. Thayer 224 A. D. Andrews 224 Joseph A. Short 225 Prof. Allen H. Weld 225 Allen P. Weld 225 George W. Nichols 225 W. D. Parker 226 William Powell 226 Lyman Powell 226 Nathaniel N. Powell 226 Oliver S. Powell 226 Nils P. Haugen 227 H. L. Wadsworth 227 Rock Elm 227 Salem 227 Spring Lake 228 Trenton 228 Trimbelle 229 M. B. Williams 229 Union 229

CHAPTER VIII.

BURNETT, WASHBURN, SAWYER AND BARRON COUNTIES.

Burnett County. Location and Description 230 Organization 231 Pine Barrens 231 Murders 232 Old Geezhic 233 The First Mission 234 The Chippewas of Wood Lake 236 Grantsburg 237 Canute Anderson 237 The Hickerson Family 238 The Anderson Family 238 Robert A. Doty 238 The Cranberry Marshes 239 Washburn County. Description, Town Organization 240 First Events 240 Shell Lake, Summit Lake 241 First Board of County Officers 241 Shell Lake Lumber Company 241 Sawyer Creek 242 Spooner Station 242 Veazie Village 242 Sawyer County. Organization, Description 242 County Indebtedness 243 Town of Hayward 243 Village of Hayward 243 First Events, Schools, Churches, etc. 244 Bank, Lumber Company 244 Malcomb Dobie 245 Milton V. Stratton 245 Barron County. Description, Organization 245 Turtle Lake, Town and Village 245 Barron, Perley Village 246 Cumberland Village 246 Sprague 246 Comstock and Barronett Villages 247 Charles Simeon Taylor 247

CHAPTER IX.

ASHLAND, BAYFIELD AND DOUGLAS COUNTIES.

Ashland County. History, Location, Description 248 Isles of the Apostles 248 Claude Allouez at Madeline Island 249 Early History of La Pointe 249 Remarkable Epitaph 249 La Pointe County Election 249 John W. Bell 250 Ashland 250 History, First Events 250 Asaph Whittlesey 251 J. P. T. Haskell 251 G. S. Vaughn 251 Dr. Edwin Ellis 252 Martin Beaser 252 Hon. Sam S. Fifield 252 Bayfield County. Location and History 253 Bayfield Village 253 Washburn, Drummond, etc. 254 Douglas County. Description and History 254 First Election 254 Superior City 255 History 255 Early Speculation 256 Period of Depression 257 West Superior 258 The Bardon Brothers 258 William H. Newton 258 Judge Solon H. Clough 258 Vincent Roy 259 D. George Morrison 259 August Zachau 259

CHAPTER X.

PINE COUNTY.

History 260 Description 260 First Events 261 Finances, Railroads 261 Losses by Fire 262 Pokegama Lake and Mission 262 Thomas Conner's Trading Post 262 Presbyterian Mission 263 Mushk-de-winini 263 Battle of Pokegama 264 Cannibalism 265 A Noble Chief 267 Frank Confessions 267 A Cowardly Deed 268 An Unjust Accusation 268 Indian Magnanimity 269 Rev. Frederic Ayer 269 Rev. William T. Boutwell 272 Discovery of Itasca 274 Mrs. Hester C. Boutwell 276 Chengwatana 276 First Settlers 276 Chengwatana Village Platted 277 Chengwatana Town Organized 277 Louis Ayd 277 Duane Porter 277 S. A. Hutchinson 277 Hinckley, Town of 278 Hinckley, Village of 278 James Morrison 278 Sandstone Village and Quarries 279 Wm. H. Grant, Sr. 279 Kettle River, Town of 279 John C. Hanley 280 Mission Creek 280 Pine City, Town of 280 Pine City, Village of 281 Richard G. Robinson 281 Hiram Brackett 281 Randall K. Burrows 281 John S. Ferson 282 Samuel Millet 282 Rock Creek 282 Enoch Horton 282 Royalton 282 Windermere 283 Neshodana, Fortuna, St. John's 283 A Rock Creek Murder 283 Burning of a Jail 283 A Disfigured Family 284 Indian Faith Cure 284 Indian Graves 284 Indian Stoicism 285 Old Batice 285 An Indian Dance 285

CHAPTER XI.

KANABEC, ISANTI, AND MILLE LACS COUNTIES.

Kanabec County. History, Boundaries, etc. 286 Description 286 First Settlers, First Election 287 First Events 287 Arthur 288 Mora, Village of 288 Stephen L. Danforth 288 N. H. Danforth 288 Alvah J. Conger 288 Ira Conger 288 Bronson, Village of 288 Brunswick, Town of 289 Brunswick, Village of 289 Ground House City 289 James Pennington 289 George L. Staples 289 Daniel Gordon 290 Grass Lake, Town of 290 Isanti County. Organization 290 Cambridge 291 North Branch, Town of 291 Oxford, Town of 291 Stephen Hewson 291 George W. Nesbit 292 Rensselaer Grant 292 Mille Lacs County. Description 292 Mille Lacs Reservation 293 County Organization in 1860 293 First Election and Officers 293 Milacca, Village of 294 Bridgman, Village of 294 Princeton, Village of 294 Samuel Ross 296 Joseph L. Cater 296 M. V. B. Cater 296 Edwin Allen 296 John H. Allen 296 A. B. Damon 296 C. H. Chadbourne 296

CHAPTER XII.

CHISAGO COUNTY.

Location, Surface, Scenery 298 Chisago Lake 298 Dalles of the St. Croix 299 Origin of the Formation 300 The Devil's Chair 300 The Wells 301 Settlement and Organization 302 Joe R. Brown to the Front 303 Prehistoric Remains 303 Robinet in Possession 303 Robinet Bought Off, First Improvements 304 Death of B. F. Baker 304 The First Log House Built 305 First Crops Raised 305 First Election 305 Chisago County Named 306 First Commissioners 307 County Seat Located at Taylor's Falls 307 Removed to Centre City 307 Amador 307 First Supervisors 308 Thornton Bishop 308 William Holmes 308 James M. Martin 309 Branch 309 North Branch Station 309 Henry L. Ingalls 310 Mrs. Lavina L. Ingalls 310 Chisago Lake, First Settlers 310 First Crops 311 Swedish Lutheran Church 311 Centre City 312 Andrew Swenson 312 John S. Van Rensselaer 312 Axel Dahliam 313 Nels Nord 313 Join A. Hallberg 314 Charles A. Bush 313 Lars Johan Stark 313 Frank Mobeck 313 Robert Currie 314 Andrew N. Holm 313 Cemetery and other Associations 314 Incorporation 314 Indian Dance 314 Lindstrom Village 314 Daniel Lindstrom 315 Magnus S. Shaleen 315 Chisago City 315 Otto Wallmark 316 Andrew Wallmark 316 Fish Lake 316 Peter Berg 317 Benjamin Franklin 317 Franconia 317 Franconia Village 318 Ansel Smith 318 Henry F. and Leonard P. Day 318 Henry Wills 318 The Clark Brothers 319 David Smith 319 Jonas Lindall 319 William Peaslee 319 Charles Vitalis 319 August J. Anderson 320 Frank N. Peterson 320 Harris 321 Harris Village 321 Lent 322 Nessell 322 Robert Nessell 323 Stephen B. Clark 323 Rush Seba 323 Rush City 323 Thomas Flynn 324 Patrick Flynn 324 Rufus Crocker 324 Frank H. Pratt 324 Voloro D. Eddy 325 F. S. Christianson 326 Shafer 326 Jacob Shafer 326 Peter Wickland 327 Tuver Walmarson 327 Andros Anderson 327 Eric Byland 327 Jacob Peterson 327 Ambrose C. Seavey 327 Sunrise 328 Sunrise Village 328 Kost Village 329 Chippewa 329 Dronthiem 329 Nashua 330 Washington 330 John A. Brown 330 Patten W. Davis 330 James F. Harvey 330 Floyd S. Bates 330 Isaac H. Warner 331 Charles F. Lowe 331 Wells Farr 331 John G. Mold 331 George L. Blood 331 Joel G. Ryder 332 John Dean 332 Taylor's Falls 332 First Post Office and Mail Service 332 Mills, First Events 333 Religious Organizations 333 Bridge Company 334 Banks, Mining Companies 334

CHAPTER XIII.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

Jesse Taylor 336 Joshua L. Taylor 336 Nathan C. D. Taylor 337 Thomas F. Morton 337 Henry N. Setzer 337 Patrick Fox 338 William F. Colby 339 Oscar Roos 339 Samuel Thomson 339 Susan Thomson Mears 339 George De Attly 340 Jacob Markley 340 John Dobney 340 William Dobney 340 Henry H. Newbury 340 Emil Munch 340 A. M. Wilmarth 341 Lucius K. Stannard 341 James W. Mullen 342 David Caneday 342 George B. Folsom 343 Aaron M. Chase 343 Peter Abear 343 Levi W. Folsom 344 Eddington Knowles 344 Dr. Lucius B. Smith 344 William Comer 344 E. Whiting and Brothers 345 Frederic Tang, Sr. 346 Ward W. Folsom 346 George W. Seymour 346 James A. Woolley 346 Patrick Carroll 347 Joseph Carroll 347 E. E. Edwards 347 Stephen J. Merrill 348 Noah Marcus Humphrey 348 Royal C. Gray 349 John P. Owens 349 Andrew Clendenning 350 Smith Ellison 350 Wyoming—Settlement and Organization 350 Wyoming Village 352 Deer Garden 352 L. O. Tombler 352 Dr. John Woolman Comfort 353 Isaac Markley 353 Joel Wright 353 Randall Wright 353 Frederic Tepel 353 Charles Henry Sauer 354

CHAPTER XIV.

WASHINGTON COUNTY.

Organization in 1849 355 First Board of Officers 355 Afton 356 Afton Village 357 South Afton 357 Valley Creek 357 St. Mary Village 357 Joseph Haskell 358 Lemuel Bolles 358 Taylor F. Randolph 358 Elijah Bissell 358 Andrew Mackey 358 Baytown Settlement 359 Baytown Village 359 Bangor 360 Middletown 360 South Stillwater 360 Mills, etc. 360 Docks, Factories, Cemeteries 360 Cottage Grove 361 Cottage Grove Village 361 Langdon 362 Joseph W. Furber 362 Samuel W. Furber 362 Theodore Furber 363 James S. Norris 363 Lewis Hill 363 Jacob Moshier 363 William Ferguson 363 John Atkinson 363 Denmark 364 Point Douglas 364 Levi Hertzell 365 Oscar Burris 365 David Hone 365 William B. Dibble 366 George Harris 366 Harley D. White 367 Thomas Hetherington 367 James Shearer 367 Simon Shingledecker 367 Caleb Truax 367 Abraham Truax 368 George W. Campbell 368 Forest Lake, History of 368 Captain Michael Marsh 369 Forest Lake Village 369 Grant, History of 369 Dellwood 370 Eagle City 370 Mahtomedi 370 Wildwood 370 William Elliott 371 Frederick Lamb 371 James Rutherford 371 Jesse H. Soule 371 Lakeland, Description and History of 372 Lakeland Village 372 Henry W. Crosby 373 Reuben H. Sanderson 373 Newton McKusick 373 Captain John Oliver 373 Captain Asa Barlow Green 374 L. A. Huntoon 374 Marine, Origin of Settlement 374 First Settlers 375 The Mill Completed 375 Marine Mills Village 376 First Lawsuit 376 Churches, Improvements 377 Losses by Fire 378 Vasa Village 378 Orange Walker 378 Lewis Walker 379 Samuel Burkelo 379 Asa S. Parker 379 Hiram Berkey 380 George B. Judd 380 James Hale 380 John Holt 380 George Holt 381 William Town 381 Matthias Welshance 381 Benj. T. Otis 382 William Clark 382 James R. Meredith 382 John D. and Thomas E. Ward 382 Samuel Judd 382 Frederic W. Lammers 382 James R. M. Gaskill 382 Newport, Town of 383 Isle Pelee 383 Red Rock 383 Mission at Red Rock 384 Gray Cloud City 385 Newport Village 385 John Holton 385 John A. Ford 385 Daniel Hopkins, Sr. 385 William R. Brown 386 William Fowler 386 Oakdale, Town of 386 Lake Elmo Village 387 E. C. Gray 387 Arthur Stephens 388 Oneka, Town of 388 Oneka Station 389 Shady Side Village 389 Daniel Hopkins, Jr. 389 Stillwater, Town of 389 Oak Park 390 David P. Lyman 390 Henry A. Jackman 390 Frederic J. Curtis 391 David Cover 391 John Parker 391 Woodbury, Town of 391 Jacob Folstrom 392 Alexander McHattie 393 John McHattie 393 The Middleton Family 393 Newington Gilbert 394 Ebenezer Ayers 394

CHAPTER XV.

WASHINGTON COUNTY—CONTINUED.

City of Stillwater. Stillwater in 1850 396 The Freshet of 1850 397 A Real Estate Movement 397 Incorporation of Stillwater 398 List of Marshals 398 Post Office, Mail Routes 398 Statistics 399 Hotels 399 City Banks 400 Board of Trade, Water Company 402 Fire Department 402 Gas Light, Telegraph, Telephone 403 Elevator, Express Companies, Bridge 403 Lumbering Interests, Flour Mills 404 Manufactories 404 Building Association 405 Churches, etc. 406 Public Buildings 408 Societies, etc. 409 Cemeteries 410 Agricultural Society 410 State Prison 410 Fires, Bonds, Indebtedness 412 Biographies. Isaac Staples 413 Samuel F. Hersey & Sons 415 Jacob Bean 416 Charles Bean 416 Rudolph Lehmicke 417 Hollis R. Murdock 417 George M. Seymour 417 Frank A. Seymour 418 Louis Hospes 418 David Tozer 419 David Bronson 420 John Maloy 420 Mrs. Susannah Tepass 420 William E. Thorne 420 Edmund J. Butts 420 A. B. Easton 421 Edwin A. Folsom 421 John B. H. Mitchell 421 Joseph Schupp 422 Clifford A. Bennett 422 Samuel Mathews 422 John and James Mathews 423 Peter Jourdain 423 James Rooney 423 James N. Castle 423 Abraham L. Gallespie 423 John C. Gardiner 423 V. C. Seward 424 Ralph Wheeler 424 Edward S. Brown 424 William Lowell 424 Albert Lowell 425 Nelson H. Van Voorhes 425 Andrew J. Van Voorhes 425 Henry C. Van Voorhes 425 C. A. Bromley 426 Charles J. Butler 426 Levi E. Thompson 427 George Davis 427 William M. McCluer 427 John N. Ahl 427 Samuel M. Register 428 J. A. Johnson 428 Gold T. Curtis 429 Harley D. Curtis 429 Francis R. Delano 429 Henry W. Cannon 430 Dwight M. Sabin 430

CHAPTER XVI.

STEARNS, ANOKA AND SHERBURNE COUNTIES.

Stearns County. Organization and History of 432 St. Cloud 434 Newspapers and Post Office 435 Village and City Organization 435 Land Office, Expenditures 435 The St. Cloud Dam, Improvements 436 Banks, Public Buildings 436 St. John's University 437 La Sauk, Town of 438 Peter Schaeler 438 John L. Wilson 438 Charles T. Stearns 438 Henry G. Fillmore 438 Nathaniel Getchell 438 James Keough 438 Loren W. Collins 438 Henry C. Waite 439 Gen. S. B. Lowry 439 A. and Joseph Edelbrock 439 John Rengel 440 Louis A. Evans 440 Ambrose Freeman 440 Nathan F. Barnes 440 Nehemiah P. Clark 441 Oscar E. Garrison 441 Charles A. Gilman 441 Other Citizens 442 Anoka County. Organization 442 First Settlers, Commissioners 443 Anoka, Town of 443 Anoka, City of 443 Incorporation 444 Fires, Public Buildings 445 Manufactures, Banks 445 Bethel, Town of 446 Blaine, Town of 446 Burns, Town of 446 Centreville, Town of 446 Centreville Village 446 Columbus, Town of 447 Fridley, Town of 447 John Banfil 448 Grow, Town of 448 Ham Lake, Town of 448 Linwood, Town of 448 L. S. Arnold 449 S. Ridge 449 J. G. Green 449 S. W. Haskell 449 M. M. Ryan 449 Hurley Family 449 Oak Grove, Town of 449 Ramsey, Town of 449 St. Francis, Town of 450 An Indian Riot 450 Jared Benson 451 James C. Frost 451 A. J. McKenney 451 John Henry Batzle 452 John R. Bean 452 A. McC. Fridley 452 William Staples 452 Capt. James Starkey 453 Sherburne County. Description 453 Organization 453 Towns of Sherburne County 454 Villages of Sherburne County 455 Orono, Elk River 455 East St. Cloud 456 Clear Lake 456 Becker 456 Big Lake 456 J. Q. A. Nickerson 456 Henry Bittner 456 Francis DeLille 457 Mrs. F. DeLille 457 Howard M. Atkins 457 B. F. Hildreth 458 Samuel Hayden 458 Joseph Jerome 458 Joshua O. Cater 458 J. F. Bean 458 J. H. Felch 458 James Brady 458 Joshua Briggs 458 Robert Orrock 458 John G. Jamieson 458 A. B. Heath 458 Dr. B. R. Palmer 459 Judge Moses Sherburne 459 Charles F. George 459 Royal George 459 W. L. Babcock 459

CHAPTER XVII.

BENTON, MORRISON AND CROW WING COUNTIES.

Benton County. Description 460 First Settlers, Organization 461 Towns of Benton County 461 Villages 461 Sauk Rapids, Incorporation 461 Dam and Public Buildings 462 The Cyclone of 1886 462 Watab Village 462 Philip Beaupre 462 David Gilman 463 James Beatty 463 Ellis Kling 463 George W. Benedict 464 J. Q. A. Wood 464 William H. Wood 464 Mrs. Wm. H. Wood 465 A. DeLacy Wood 465 P. H. Wood 465 Rev. Sherman Hall 465 Jeremiah Russell 466 Edgar O. Hamlin 467 Morrison County. Description 468 History 468 Indian Feuds 469 Organization 469 Winnebago Indiana 470 Towns of Morrison County 471 Little Falls Village 471 Little Falls Water Power 472 Incorporation 473 Schools and Churches 473 Royalton Village 473 Incorporation, First Officers 473 Peter Roy 473 William Sturgis 474 James Fergus 474 Nathan Richardson 475 Moses La Fond 475 O. A. Churchill 475 John M. Kidder 476 Warren Kobe 476 Ola K. Black 476 Ira W. Bouch 476 Robert Russell 476 Peter A. Green 476 Rodolphus D. Kinney 476 John D. Logan 476 Crow Wing County. Description 477 First Settlers 477 Organization 478 Reorganization 478 Murderers Lynched 478 Brainerd 478 First Settlers 479 Northern Pacific Sanitarium 480 The Kindred Dam 480 L. P. White 480 Allen Morrison 480 Charles F. Kindred 481

CHAPTER XVIII.

AITKIN, CARLTON, ST. LOUIS, LAKE AND COOK COUNTIES.

Aitkin County. Description 482 Organization, Officers 482 Aitkin Village 483 William A. Aitkin 483 Alfred Aitkin 483 Nathaniel Tibbett 484 Carlton County. History and Organization 484 Towns of Carlton County 485 Thomson Village 485 Cloquet Village 485 Moose Lake Station 485 Barnum Station 486 Mahtowa Station 486 North Pacific Junction 486 Francis A. Watkins 486 St. Louis County. Description 486 Picturesque Scenery 487 Commissioners' Meetings 487 List of Commissioners 488 Duluth, Early History 488 Growth, Population 489 Mills, Warehouses, Shipments 489 Duluth Harbor 490 Fish Commission 490 Fond du Lac Village 491 Oneota Village 492 Clifton Village 492 Portland Village 492 Endion Village 492 Middleton Village 492 Montezuma Village 492 Buchanan Village 492 St. Louis Falls Village 492 Fremont Island 493 Tower 493 George R. Stuntz 494 George E. Stone 494 Charles H. Graves 494 Ozro P. Stearns 494 Lake County. Description 495 Two Harbors 496 Cook County. History and Organization 496

CHAPTER XIX.

HENNEPIN COUNTY.

Organization and History, Towns 497 Fort Snelling 497 Treaty of 1837 499 First Land Claims, 1838 499 Cheever's Tower 500 St. Anthony Village Platted 500 First Marriage in the Territory 500 First Courts, School, Post Office 501 Church Organizations 501 The Suspension Bridge Built 502 St. Anthony Incorporated 1855 502 Annexation to Minneapolis, 1872 502 St. Anthony Falls 502 La Salle's Description 502 Minneapolis, Early Settlers 502 Early Land Claims 504 Business Enterprises 505 Mills Erected 505 St. Anthony Water Power Company 506 Minneapolis Named, Land Office 506 Incorporation as a City, 1867 506 Annexation of St. Anthony 506 List of Mayors 507 Water vs. Steam 507 Terrific Explosion at the Flour Mills 508 Suburban Resorts 508 List of Public Buildings 509 Post Office Statistics 510 Lumber Manufactured 511 Bonded Debt, Taxes, Expenses 511 West Minneapolis 511 Biographies. Calvin A. Tuttle 512 Cyrus Aldrich 512 Dr. Alfred E. Ames 514 Dr. Albert A. Ames 514 Jesse Ames 515 Cadwallader C. Washburn 515 William D. Washburn 517 Joseph C. Whitney 517 Charles Hoag 518 Franklin Steele 518 Roswell P. Russell 519 Horatio P. Van Cleve 520 Charlotte O. Van Cleve 520 Ard Godfrey 520 Richard Chute 521 Lucius N. Parker 521 Captain John Rollins 521 John G. Lennon 521 John H. Stevens 522 Caleb D. Dorr 522 Rev. Edward D. Neill 522 John Wensignor 523 Robert H. Hasty 524 Stephen Pratt 524 Capt. John Tapper 524 R. W. Cummings 524 Elias H. Conner 524 C. F. Stimson 524 William Dugas 524 David Gorham 525 Edwin Hedderly 525 Louis Neudeck 525 Andrew J. Foster 525 A. D. Foster 525 Charles E. Vanderburgh 525 Dorillius Morrison 526 H. G. O. Morrison 526 F. R. E. Cornell 526 Gen. A. B. Nettleton 527 Isaac Atwater 527 Rev. David Brooks 527 Prof. Jabez Brooks 527 John S. Pillsbury 528 Henry T. Welles 528 David Blakely 528 William Lochren 528 Eugene M. Wilson 528 R. B. Langdon 529 William M. Bracket 529 Thos. B. and Platt B. Walker 529 Austin H. Young 530 Henry G. Hicks 530 John P. Rea 530 John Martin 520 John Dudley 531

CHAPTER XX.

RAMSEY COUNTY.

Organization, First Officers 532 St. Paul in 1840, Known as Pig's Eye 532 First Settlers 532 Father Ravoux, 1841 533 Henry Jackson Established a Trading Post 533 Accessions of 1843 533 Accessions of 1844 534 First Deed 534 Accessions of 1845 534 First School 535 Second Deed, Phalen's Tract 535 Accessions of 1846 535 Reminiscences 536 Accessions in 1847 536 St. Paul Platted 537 Miss Bishop's School 537 First Steamboat Line 537 Accessions of 1848 538 Progress in 1849 539 St. Paul Made the Capital of the State 539 The First Newspapers 539 Early Items and Advertisements 540 Pioneers of 1849 540 Some Comparisons 541 Statistics of Population, Schools, Buildings 542 List of Mayors 543 West St. Paul 544 Towns of Ramsey County 544 White Bear 545 First Settlers 545 Indian Battle Ground 546 Town Organization 547 White Bear Lake Village 548 Hotels and Cottages 548 Daniel Getty 549 South St. Paul 549 North St. Paul 550 Population of St Paul 550 Post Office History 551

CHAPTER XXI.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

Henry Hastings Sibley 553 Alexander Ramsey 556 William H. Forbes 557 Henry M. Rice 558 Edmund Rice 560 Louis Robert 561 Auguste L. Larpenteur 562 William H. Nobles 562 Simeon P. Folsom 563 Jacob W. Bass 563 Benjamin W. Brunson 564 Abram S. and Chas. D. Elfelt 564 D. A. J. Baker 565 Benjamin F. Hoyt 565 John Fletcher Williams 566 Dr. John H. Murphy 566 William H. Tinker 567 George P. Jacobs 567 Lyman Dayton 567 Henry L. Moss 567 William Rainey Marshall 568 David Cooper 569 Bushrod W. Lott 570 W. F. Davidson 570 Wm. H. Fisher 571 Charles H. Oakes 572 C. W. W. Borup 572 Capt. Russell Blakely 573 Rensselaer R. Nelson 573 George L. Becker 574 Aaron Goodrich 575 Nathan Myrick 575 John Melvin Gilman 576 Charles E. Flandrau 576 John B. Sanborn 577 John R. Irvine 579 Horace R. Bigelow 580 Cushman K. Davis 580 S. J. R. McMillan 581 Willis A. Gorman 581 John D. Ludden 582 Elias F. Drake 582 Norman W. Kittson 583 Hascal R. Brill 583 Ward W. Folsom 584 Gordon E. Cole 584 James Smith, Jr. 584 William P. Murray 585 Henry Hale 585 James Gilfillan 585 Charles Duncan Gilfillan 586 Alexander Wilkin 586 Westcott Wilkin 587 S. C. Whitcher 587 T. M. Newson 587 Alvaren Allen 588 Harlan P. Hall 589 Stephen Miller 589

CHAPTER XXII.

DAKOTA, GOODHUE, WABASHA AND WINONA COUNTIES.

Dakota County. Description 591 Hastings 591 Farmington 591 Ignatius Donnelly 591 Francis M. Crosby 592 G. W. Le Duc 593 Goodhue County. Red Wing, Barn Bluff 595 Cannon Falls 595 Indian Burying Ground 596 Hans Mattson 596 Lucius F. Hubbard 597 William Colville 599 Martin S. Chandler 599 Charles McClure 600 Horace B. Wilson 600 Wabasha County. Wabasha Village 601 Bailey and Sons 602 Nathaniel S. Tefft 602 James Wells 602 Winona County. Scenery 602 Winona City 603 Daniel S. Norton 603 William Windom 603 Charles H. Berry 604 Thomas Wilson 604 Thomas Simpson 605 Wm. H. Yale 605

CHAPTER XXIII.

MISCELLANEOUS BIOGRAPHIES.

Pierre Bottineau 606 Andrew G. Chatfield 606 Hazen Mooers 607 John McDonough Berry 607 Mark H. Dunnell 608 James H. Baker 608 Horace B. Strait 609 Judson Wade Bishop 610 John L. McDonald 610 Thomas H. Armstrong 611 Augustus Armstrong 611 Moses K. Armstrong 611 James B. Wakefield 611 William Wallace Braden 611 Reuben Butters 612 Michael Doran 612 Andrew McCrea 613 John W. Blake 613 Knute Nelson 613 William R. Denny 613

APPENDIX.

MISCELLANEOUS INCIDENTS, INDIAN TREATIES, ETC.

Brief History of the Northwest Territory 616 Spanish Claims 616 French Claims 617 Louisiana in 1711 618 Settlement of Marietta, Ohio 618 Ohio Territory 619 Statistics 619 Boundary Question 625 Wisconsin Constitutional Convention, 1846 625 Wisconsin Constitutional Convention, 1847 626 Some Resolutions 627 Under What Government? 628 H. H. Sibley Elected Congressional Delegate 628 Queries 629 Minnesota Territory Created 629 Land Office at Stillwater 629 Indian Treaties 629 Treaty with the Sioux (Mendota) 1805 629 Treaty with the Chippewas (Mendota) 1837 630 Treaty with the Sioux (Washington) 1837 630 Treaty with the Winnebagoes (Washington) 1837 631 Treaty with the Chippewas (Fond du Lac) 1847 631 Treaty with the Pillager Band (Leech Lake) 1847 632 Treaty with the Sioux (Traverse des Sioux) 1851 632 Treaty with the Sioux (Mendota) 1851 632 Treaty with the Chippewas (La Pointe) 1854 634 Treaty with the Pillagers (Washington) 1855 634 Treaty with the Chippewas (Red Lake River) 1863 634 Gen. Pike and the Indians 635 Treaty of 1805 636 Pike's Address to the Council 636 Details of Treaty 636 Pike Hospitably Entertained 637 United States Surveys in the Northwest 637 Establishment of Land Offices 638 Establishment of the Present System of Surveys 638 The First Surveyor General's Office at Marietta, O 638 United States Land Offices in the Northwest 639 List of Registers and Receivers, Wisconsin 639 First Entries 640 First Auction Sale of Land 641 List of Registers and Receivers, Minnesota 641 List of Wisconsin Territorial and State Officers, Governors, Senators, and Representatives from St. Croix Valley 641 Legislative Representation 642 First and Second Constitutional Conventions 643 Governors of Wisconsin 643 United States Senators 643 United States Representatives 644 District Judges 644 State Legislature 644 List of Minnesota Territorial and State Officers 647 Census of the Territory in 1849 647 First Territorial Legislature 648 First Prohibition Law 649 Constitutional Convention 649 List of State Officers and Judicial 649 Senators and Representatives 650 Minnesota State Legislatures 651 Constitutional Convention of 1857 654 Division of Convention 654 Union of Conventions on a Constitution 656 Have We a Constitution 656 First, Minnesota State Legislature 657 Protests Against Legislation 657 Five Million Bill Passed and Adopted 657 State Seal Adopted 658 State Seal Design 659 Adjourned Session of Legislature 660 Protests Against Recognizing Gov. Medary 660 Reports on Protests 661 Land Grants—Railroad Surveys and Construction 665 Northern Pacific Railroad 665 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad 667 St. Paul & Duluth Railroad 668 Minnesota & Manitoba Railroad 669 Stillwater, White Bear & St. Paul Railroad 670 St. Paul, Stillwater & Taylor's Falls Railroad 671 Wisconsin Central Railroad 671 Taylor's Falls & Lake Superior Railroad 672 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad 672 A Memorial for "Soo" Railroad 673 Organization of Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie & Atlantic Railroad 674 Mileage of Railroads Centring in St. Paul and Minneapolis 675 Chicago, Burlington & Northern Railroad 675 Congressional Appropriations 675 Inland Navigation 676 George R. Stuntz on Lake Superior and St. Croix Canal 680 Waterways Convention, 1885 682 E. W. Durant's Valuable Statistics 683 Resolution for St. Croix and Superior Canal 685 Early Steamboat Navigation 686 Steamboat Accommodations 687 First Mississippi Steamboat Officers 689 First Mississippi Steamboat Organizations 689 List of Steamboats 690 Later Navigation on Northwest Rivers 691 Steamboating on the St. Croix 692 Ice Boats 693 James W. Mullen's Reminiscences, 1846 694 St. Croix Boom Company 696 Surveyors General of Logs 696 Organization 696 Conflict over State Boundary 697 Language of Logs 698 Logs Cut from 1837 to 1888 700 Chartered Dams 701 Lumbering and Lumbermen in 1845 702 Lumbering and Lumbermen in 1887 705 St. Croix Dalles Log Jams 706 Population of Northwest Territory in 1790 709 Population of Wisconsin Territory in 1836 709 Subsequent Census 709 Population of Minnesota in 1849 709 Minnesota State Capitol 710 Burning of State House 711 Selkirk Visitors 712 Cyclones 713 Isanti and Chisago Cyclone 713 Cottage Grove and Lake Elmo Cyclone 715 Washington County and Wisconsin Cyclone 717 St. Cloud and Sauk Rapids Cyclone 718 Curious Lightning Freaks 721 Asiatic Cholera on the Royal Arch 721 First Decree of Minnesota Citizenship 722 International Hotel, St. Paul, Burned 723 Grasshoppers 723 Ancient Mounds 724 Lake Itasca, Schoolcraft and Boutwell Form the Name Itasca. Description of Itasca 726 Elk and Boutwell Lakes 727 Capt. Glazier's False Claim 727 Copper Mining on St. Croix 728 Rev. Julius S. Webber; Reminiscences 729 Judge Hamlin—Amusing Incident 730 Minnesota Old Settlers Association 731 St. Croix Valley Old Settlers Association 740 Newspaper History 741 Gen. Scott, Maj. Anderson, and Jeff. Davis 752 Jeff. Davis' Marriage at Fort Crawford 753 Dred Scott at Fort Snelling 754 Incidents in Dred Scott's History 755 Old Betz and Descendants 757 Addenda. Military History of the Rebellion, 1861 to 1865 759 Gov. Alex. Ramsey's Address to Loyal Legion 759 Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Legislative Sessions of Wisconsin 762