Front matter (continued 4)

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); best administered in simple solution and well diluted; in lues the dose should be gradually increased to the limit of tolerance.

Unguentum Potassii Iodidi (Ung. Pot. Iod.), Ointment of Potassium Iodide, N.F.—Potassium iodide (10%), sodium thiosulphate (1%), water and benzoinated lard.

Uses: An irrational method of administering potassium iodide, as none of the drug is absorbed through the skin.

Potassi Nitras (Pot. Nitras), Potassium Nitrate, U.S.P. (Saltpetre).—KNO₃.

Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:620).

Action and Uses: Diuretic, irritant to kidneys and intestines; has largely gone out of use.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Charta Potassii Nitratis (Chart. Pot. Nit.), Potassium Nitrate Paper, N.F.—Paper impregnated with potassium nitrate.

Uses: The smoke is inhaled in asthma, but is not very effective.

*Potassii Permanganas (Pot. Permang.), Potassium Permanganate, U.S.P.—KMnO₄.

Slender, dark purple odorless crystals, with a taste (in solution) at first sweet, afterward disagreeable and astringent. Soluble in water (1:13.5), forming violet-red to rose-colored solutions which stain the fingers and clothes. Decomposed by alcohol and glycerin. Should not be brought into contact with organic or other readily oxidizable substances.

Action and Uses: Effective deodorant, disinfectant and astringent. Internally as emmenagogue, probably useless.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), usually in pills. For application to the skin, 1:500 solution.

Potassii Sulphas (Pot. Sulph.), Potassium Sulphate, N.F.—K₂SO₄.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline, somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Saline purgative closely resembling sodium sulphate in its action, but without advantage over the latter.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Prunum (Prunum), Prune, N.F.

Action and Uses: One of the ingredients in confection of senna but seldom used in medicine apart from this.

*Prunus Virginiana (Prun. Virg.), Wild Cherry, U.S.P. (Wild Black Cherry Bark).

Action and Uses: Sedative expectorant, mainly used as flavor.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianae (Fldext. Prun. Virg.), Fluidextract of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Infusum Pruni Virginianae (Inf. Prun. Virg.), Infusion of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (4%), in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 60 Cc. or 2 fluidounces (N.F.).

*Syrupus Pruni Virginianae (Syr. Prun. Virg.), Syrup of Wild Cherry, U.S.P.—Wild cherry bark (15%), in glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Vinum Pruni Virginianae (Vin. Prun. Virg.), Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (25%) in water, alcohol, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Vinum Pruni Virginianae Ferratum (Vin. Prun. Virg. Ferr.), Ferrated Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Tincture of ferric citrochloride (8%) in wine of wild cherry. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: Superfluous “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Pulsatilla (Pulsatil.), Pulsatilla, N.F. (Pasque Flower, Meadow Anemone).—The plant.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended as an alterative, sedative and antispasmodic. Has been used in syphilis with undoubted harmful results because of its inefficiency. Its use is fortunately decreasing.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Pulsatillae (Tr. Pulsatil.), Tincture of Pulsatilla, N.F.—Pulsatilla (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

PULVERES, POWDERS.—The official powders are mixtures of several substances in powdered form. For the preparations now official see under the names of the principal constituents. For Pulvis Antimonialis, see under Antimonii Oxidum; for Pulvis Antisepticus, see under Zinci Sulphas; for Pulvis Aromaticus and Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus, under Cinnamomum Saigonicum; for Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens, under Caryophyllus; Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus et Opii, under Opium; for Pulvis Effervescens Compositus, under Potassii et Sodii Tartras; for Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, under Senna; for Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii, under Opium, and for Pulvis Talci Compositus, under Acidum Salicylicum.

Pumex (Pumex), Pumice, N.F.—Consists chiefly of complex silicates of volcanic origin.

Action and Uses: Used as an abrasive material, and in pharmacy as an absorbent.

Pyrethrum (Pyreth.), Pyrethrum, U.S.P. (Pellitory Root).

Action and Uses: Obsolete, irritant sialagogue and local irritant.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Pyrethri (Tr. Pyreth.), Tincture of Pyrethrum, U.S.P. (Tincture of Pellitory).—Pyrethrum (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Uses: External.

Pyrogallol (Pyrogall.), Pyrogallol, U.S.P. (Pyrogallic Acid).—Trihydroxybenzene.

Light, white or nearly white, odorless, bitter laminae, fine needles or powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

Action and Uses: Irritant antiseptic in chronic skin diseases. Internally highly toxic.

Dosage: 5 per cent. ointment.

Pyroxylinum (Pyroxylin.), Pyroxylin, U.S.P. (Soluble Gun Cotton).—Chiefly cellulose tetranitrate.

A yellowish-white matted mass of filaments, resembling raw cotton in appearance; very inflammable. Slowly but completely soluble in a mixture of three volumes of ether and one volume of alcohol. Also soluble in acetone and in glacial acetic acid. Practically insoluble in alcohol or water.

Action and Uses: Basis for collodions.

*Collodium (Collod.), Collodion, U.S.P.—Pyroxylin (4%) in a mixture of ether and alcohol.

Uses: Used to form a protective film and as a vehicle for external applications.

*Collodium Flexile (Collod. Flex.), Flexible Collodion, U.S.P.—A mixture of collodion (95%) with camphor (2%) and castor oil (3%).

Uses: More pliable than collodion and does not contract as much in drying.

Quassia (Quass.), Quassia, U.S.P. (Bitter Wood).

Action and Uses: Simple bitter stomachic (more disagreeable than gentian); an infusion is also used as enema in the treatment of pinworms.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Quassiae (Ext. Quas.), Extract of Quassia, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Quassia).—An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 10 Gm. of quassia.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Quassiae (Fldext. Quass.), Fluidextract of Quassia, N.F.—Quassia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Quassiae (Tr. Quas.), Tincture of Quassia, U.S.P.—Quassia (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Quercus (Querc.), Quercus, N.F. (White Oak Bark).

Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent, without advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Quercus (Fldext. Querc.), Fluidextract of Quercus, N.F.—Quercus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Quillaja (Quillaja), Quillaja, N.F. (Soap-tree Bark).

Action and Uses: Contains saponin and has been recommended as an expectorant. Similar to, but without advantage over senega. Has been used as a detergent and as an emulsifying agent; in the latter use is objectionable.

Tinctura Quillajae (Tr. Quillaj.), Tincture of Quillaja, N.F.—Quillaja (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Quinidina (Quinid.), Quinidine, N.F.—An alkaloid isomeric with quinine.

White, odorless crystals or powder, with an intense and persistent bitter taste.

Action and Uses: At one time recommended as a cheap substitute for quinine. Inferior and obsolete.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.) daily.

Syrupus Quinidinae (Syr. Quinid.), Syrup of Quinidine, N.F. (Bitterless Syrup of Quinidine).—Quinidine (3.3%) and oil of orange in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Quinina (Quin.), Quinine, U.S.P.—Obtained from cinchona bark.

White, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1560), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

Action and Uses: Bitter tonic, analgesic and antipyretic; specific against malaria. Contraindicated in ear diseases. Idiosyncrasies are common.

The official quinine salts are more numerous than is necessary. Those that are starred would meet every indication.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Quininae (Oleat. Quin.), Oleate of Quinine, N.F.—Quinine (25%) in oleic acid.

*Quininae Bisulphas (Quin. Bisulph.), Quinine Bisulphate, U.S.P.—Quinine acid sulphate.

Transparent or whitish, odorless, very bitter crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:9) and soluble in alcohol (1:23).

Action and Uses: Similar to, and without advantage over, Quininae Dihydrochloridum.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Antiperiodica (Tr. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Tincture, N.F. (Warburg’s Tincture).—Quinine bisulphate (2%), extract of aloes (1.75%), rhubarb (0.8%), angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, gentian, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, camphor, agaric, pepper, Saigon cinnamon and Jamaica ginger in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Uses: Antiquated, complex and irrational quinine mixture.

Dosage: From 4 to 15 Cc. or 1 to 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Tinctura Antiperiodica sine Aloe (Tr. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Tincture without Aloes, N.F. (Warburg’s Tincture without Aloes).—The same as the preceding (Tinctura Antiperiodica) with the omission of extract of aloes.

Uses and Dosage: See Tinctura Antiperiodica.

Quininae Dihydrochloridum (Quin. Dihydrochl.), Quinine Dihydrochloride, U.S.P.

White, odorless, very bitter powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.6), and soluble in alcohol (1:12).

Action and Uses: Used where concentrated solutions of quinine are wanted, as for subcutaneous injections, etc.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

*Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum (Quin. et Urea. Hydrochl.), Quinine and Urea Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Quinine and Urea Chloride).—A double salt of quinine and urea.

Colorless, translucent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.4).

Action and Uses: Much less irritating than ordinary quinine salts and therefore suited for hypodermic injections, in malaria or as local anesthetic.

Dosage: Hypodermic, one dose daily, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For local anesthesia (hypodermic) solution of from 0.25 to 1 per cent.; (applied to mucous membranes), solutions of from 10 to 20 per cent.

Quininae Glycerophosphas (Quin. Glycerophos.), Quinine Glycerophosphate, N.F. (Quinine Glycerinophosphate).

Fine, white, odorless crystals or powder, with a very bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Expensive and superfluous quinine salt.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Quininae Hydrobromidum (Quin. Hydrobr.), Quinine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. (Quinine Bromide).

Light, white, odorless, very bitter silky needles. Soluble in water (1:40), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.9).

Action and Uses: Superfluous; see Quininae Hydrochloridum.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains, daily (U.S.P.).

*Quininae Hydrochloridum (Quin. Hydrochl.), Quinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Quinine Chloride).

White, odorless, very bitter, silky needles. Soluble in water (1:18) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

Action and Uses: Has the action of other quinine salts; frequently preferred to the sulphate, because neutral and more soluble.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina (Syr. Phosphat. c. Quin. et Strych.), Syrup of Phosphates with Quinine and Strychnine, N.F. (Syrupus Hydrochlorophosphatum, N.F. III, Compound Syrup of Hydrochlorophosphates).—Quinine hydrochloride (0.44%), strychnine nitrate (0.014%), compound solution of phosphates (50%) in glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Quininae Hypophosphis (Quin. Hypophos.), Quinine Hypophosphite, N.F.

Fine, white, odorless crystals, with a very bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Superfluous quinine salt.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).

Quininae Salicylas (Quin. Salicyl.), Quinine Salicylate, U.S.P.

Colorless (often becoming pinkish), odorless, bitter needles. Soluble in alcohol (1:14) and in glycerin (1:13). Only slightly soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Superfluous; see Quininae Hydrochloridum. The quantity of salicylate in a dose is usually too small to be effective.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

*Quininae Sulphas (Quin. Sulph.), Quinine Sulphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless, very bitter, efflorescent crystals. Slightly soluble in water (1:725) and in alcohol (1:107).

Action and Uses: The most commonly used quinine salt but inferior to the hydrochloride, the dihydrochloride and quinine and urea hydrochloride where a soluble salt is desired, and to the alkaloid or the tannate where an insoluble one is needed.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum (Elix. Cinchon. Alk.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, N.F. III, Elixir Calisaya, Alkaloidal).—Quinine sulphate (0.2%), cinchonidine sulphate (0.1%), cinchonine sulphate (0.1%), compound tincture of cudbear and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: Imitation of cinchona, minus the tannin. No advantage over quinine.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum (Elix. Cinchon. et Hypophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Hypophosphites, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae et Hypophosphitum, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Hypophosphites).—Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 85%), hypophosphorous acid and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis.—See under Calcii Lactophosphas.

Pilulae Antiperiodicae (Pil. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Pills, N.F. (Warburg’s Pills).—Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), extract of aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe (Pil. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Pills without Aloes, N.F. (Warburg’s Pills without Aloes).—Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

*Quininae Tannas (Quin. Tann.), Quinine Tannate, U.S.P.

Pale yellow, or yellowish-white, odorless and tasteless, or nearly tasteless powder. Only very slightly soluble in water. Somewhat more soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used where comparatively tasteless preparations are wanted.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.); sometimes administered with chocolate or sugar.

Trochisci Quininae Tannatis (Troch. Quin. Tan.), Troches of Quinine Tannate, N.F.—Each troche contains quinine tannate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, oil of theobroma, cocoa, sugar and sodium benzosulphinide.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

Quininae Valeras (Quin. Valer.), Quinine Valerate, N.F.

White, lustrous crystals, with a valerian-like odor and an intensely bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Those of quinine and valerates, but disagreeable and superfluous.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).

Elixir Quininae Valeratis et Strychninae (Elix. Quin. Valer. et Strych.), Elixir of Quinine Valerate and Strychnine, N.F. (Elixir Quininae Valerianatis et Strychninae, N.F. III).—Quinine valerate (1.75%), strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), compound tincture of cudbear, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Irrational “tonic” mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Renninum (Rennin.), Rennin, N.F.—Milk-curdling enzyme from the stomach of the calf.

Grayish-white or yellowish-white powder or yellowish grains or scales, with a characteristic, slightly saline taste and a peculiar odor. Slowly soluble in water and in diluted alcohol.

Action and Uses: For making wheys and junkets.

Resina (Resin.), Rosin, U.S.P. (Colophony).—The residue left after distilling the volatile oil from turpentine (the oleoresin).

Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of ointments and plasters. Rubefacient.

Ceratum Resinae (Cerat. Res.), Rosin Cerate, U.S.P. (Basilicon Ointment).—Rosin, yellow wax and lard.

Ceratum Resinae Compositum (Cerat. Resin. Co.), Compound Rosin Cerate, N.F. (Deshler’s Salve).—Rosin, yellow wax, prepared suet, turpentine and linseed oil.

Emplastrum Elasticum (Emp. Elast.), Rubber Plaster, U.S.P. (Rubber Adhesive Plaster).—A mixture of rubber, resins, and waxes, with a filler of an absorbent powder.

Emplastrum Resinae (Emp. Res.), Rosin Plaster, U.S.P. (Rosin Adhesive Plaster, Adhesive Plaster).—Rosin, lead plaster and yellow wax.

RESINAE, RESINS.—Resins are the residues obtained by distilling the volatile oil from oleoresins or the precipitates obtained from solutions of resins in alcohol by the addition of water. For the official resins see under the names of the principal constituents.

*Resorcinol (Resorcin.), Resorcinol, U.S.P. (Resorcin).—Metadihydroxybenzene.

Colorless or nearly colorless crystals or powder with a faint, peculiar odor and a taste at first sweetish, afterward bitter. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and in alcohol (1:0.9).

Action and Uses: Irritant, antiseptic; used internally in gastric fermentation; externally in skin diseases.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Pasta Resorcinolis Fortis (Past. Resorcin. Fort.), Strong Resorcinol Paste, N.F. (Lassar’s Stronger Resorcinol Paste).—Resorcinol (20%), zinc oxide (20%), starch and light liquid petrolatum.

Pasta Resorcinolis Mitis (Past. Resorcin. Mit.), Mild Resorcinol Paste, N.F. (Lassar’s Mild Resorcinol Paste).—Resorcinol (10%), zinc oxide (25%), starch and liquid petrolatum.

Unguentum Resorcinolis Compositus (Ung. Resorcin. Co.), Compound Resorcinol Ointment, N.F.—Resorcinol, zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate and rectified oil of birch tar (each 6%), in yellow wax, petrolatum, anhydrous wool fat and glycerin.

Uses: Complex antiseptic ointment.

Rhamnus Cathartica (Rhamn. Cath.), Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F. (Buckthorn Berries, Baccae Spinae Cervinae).—Ripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Superfluous hydragogue cathartic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Rhamni Catharticae (Fldext. Rham. Cathart.), Fluidextract of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F.—Rhamnus cathartica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Rhamni Catharticae (Syr. Rham. Cathart.), Syrup of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F. (Syrup of Buckthorn Berries, Syrupus Spinae Cervinae).—Fluidextract of rhamnus cathartica (20%), oil of fennel and oil of cinnamon, in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Rheum (Rheum), Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhizome and root.

Action and Uses: Efficient and pleasant laxative, its action resembling cascara. It is, however, also somewhat astringent. Used especially in the form of aromatic tincture and aromatic syrup.

The official preparations of rhubarb are needlessly numerous, those that are starred being quite sufficient. Many of the official mixtures and pills are unnecessarily complex.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Extractum Rhei (Ext. Rhei), Extract of Rhubarb, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Rhubarb).—One Gm. extract represents 2 Gm. rhubarb.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Rhei (Fldext. Rhei), Fluidextract of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidglyceratum Rhei (Fldglycer. Rhei), Fluidglycerate of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (100%) in water and glycerin.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Mistura Rhei Alkalina (Mist. Rhei Alk.), Alkaline Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F. (Syrupus Rhei et Potassii Compositus, N.F. III, Neutralizing Cordial).—Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.6%), fluidextract of hydrastis (0.8%), and potassium carbonate (1.6%) with tincture of cinnamon, spirit of peppermint in syrup and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 37 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Mistura Rhei Composita (Mist. Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F. (Mistura Rhei et Sodae, U.S.P. VIII, Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda).—Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.5%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), sodium bicarbonate (3.5%), glycerin and spirit of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Pilulae Rhei (Pil. Rhei), Pills of Rhubarb, N.F.—Each pill contains rhubarb (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains) with soap.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Rhei Compositae (Pil. Rhei Co.), Compound Pills of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Each pill contains rhubarb (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and aloes (0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with myrrh and oil of peppermint.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Rhei Compositus (Pulv. Rhei Co.), Compound Powder of Rhubarb, U.S.P. (Gregory’s Powder).—Rhubarb (25%), Jamaica ginger (10%) and magnesium oxide.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Rhei et Magnesiae Anisatus (Pulv. Rhei et Magnes. Anis.), Anisated Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia, N.F. (Compound Anise Powder).—Rhubarb (35%), anethol and heavy magnesium oxide.

Uses: Mild cathartic.

Dosage: For infants, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Rhei (Syr. Rhei), Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of rhubarb (10%), spirit of cinnamon and potassium carbonate in water and syrup.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

*Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus (Syr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P. (Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb).—Aromatic tincture of rhubarb (15%) and potassium carbonate in syrup.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Rhei (Tr. Rhei), Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (20%) and cardamom seed, in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Rhei Aquosa (Tr. Rhei. Aq.), Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (10%) and potassium carbonate in cinnamon water, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Tinctura Rhei Aromatica (Tr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (20%), Saigon cinnamon, clove and nutmeg in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Rhei Dulcis (Tr. Rhei Dulc.), Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (10%), glycyrrhiza, anise and cardamom seed in glycerin, diluted alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Rhei et Gentianae (Tr. Rhei et Gent.), Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian, N.F.—Rhubarb (7%) and gentian (1.75%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Uses: Stomachic and laxative.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Vinum Rhei Compositum (Vin. Rhei Co.), Compound Wine of Rhubarb, N.F. (Tinctura Rhei Vinosa, N.F. III).—Fluidextract of rhubarb (8%), fluidextract of bitter orange peel, tincture of cardamom in sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Rhus Glabra (Rhus Glab.), Rhus Glabra, N.F. (Sumac Berries).

Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent; without advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae (Fldext. Rhois Glab.), Fluidextract of Rhus Glabra, N.F.—Rhus glabra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Rosa, Rose (Cabbage Rose, Rosa centifolia).

Action and Uses: The preparations are used for flavoring.

*Aqua Rosae (Aq. Ros.), Rose Water, U.S.P.—A mixture of stronger rose water with distilled water.

Aqua Rosae Fortior (Aq. Ros. Fort.), Stronger Rose Water, U.S.P.—Prepared by distilling fresh cabbage roses with water.

Confectio Rosae (Confect. Ros.), Confection of Rose, N.F.—Red rose, sugar, clarified honey and stronger rose water.

Unguentum Aquae Rosae (Ung. Aq. Ros.), Ointment of Rose Water, U.S.P. (Cold Cream).—Sodium borate (0.5%), spermaceti, white wax, expressed oil of almond, and stronger rose water.

Uses: Emollient.

Rosa Gallica (Rosa Gall.), Red Rose, U.S.P.—Petals.

Action and Uses: Mildly astringent but used chiefly as a flavoring agent in the confection of rose; antiquated.

Fluidextractum Rosae (Fldext. Rosae), Fluidextract of Rose, U.S.P.—Red rose (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Infusum Rosae Compositum (Inf. Ros. Co.), Compound Infusion of Rose, N.F.—Red rose (1.3%) with diluted sulphuric acid and sugar in water.

Dosage: 100 Cc. or 3 fluidounces (N.F.).

Syrupus Rosae (Syr. Ros.), Syrup of Rose, N.F.—Fluidextract of rose and diluted sulphuric acid in syrup.

Rubi Fructus (Rubi Fructus), Blackberries, N.F.

Action and Uses: Flavor.

Cordiale Rubi Fructus (Cord. Rubi Fruct.), Blackberry Cordial, N.F.—Blackberry syrup (about 75%) and diluted alcohol (about 25%), with cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: Used as carminative in summer diarrhea. Not very efficient.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Syrupus Rubi Fructi (Syr. Rubi Fruct.), Syrup of Blackberry Fruit, N.F.—Juice of ripe blackberries in sugar.

Uses: Flavoring vehicle.

Rubi Idaei Fructus (Rubi Idaei Fructus), Raspberries, N.F.

Action and Uses: Flavoring.

Syrupus Rubi Idaei (Syr. Rubi Id.), Syrup of Raspberry, N.F.—Juice of ripe raspberries in sugar.

Rubus (Rubus), Rubus, N.F. (Blackberry Bark).—Bark of the rhizome.

Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent without advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Rubi Compositum (Elix. Rubi Co.), Compound Elixir of Blackberry, N.F.—Rubus (1.6%), nutgall (1.6%), Saigon cinnamon, clove, mace, ginger, syrup of blackberry and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: Used in “summer complaint.”

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Rubi (Fldext. Rubi), Fluidextract of Rubus, N.F.—Rubus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Rubi (Syr. Rubi), Syrup of Rubus, N.F.—Fluidextract of rubus (25%) in syrup.

Uses: Intestinal astringent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Rumex (Rumex), Rumex, N.F. (Yellow Dock, Curled Dock).—Roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete, unreliable and generally worthless “alterative and tonic”; mildly laxative.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Rumicis (Fldext. Rumic.), Fluidextract of Rumex, N.F.—Rumex (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Sabal (Sabal), Sabal, U.S.P. (Saw Palmetto Berries).—The partially dried ripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Widely exploited as a stimulant of the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary tract. Probably inferior to santal oil.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Sabal (Fldext. Sabal), Fluidextract of Sabal, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Saw Palmetto).—Sabal (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Sabal et Santali (Tr. Sabal et Santal.), Tincture of Saw Palmetto and Santal, N.F.—Sabal (20%) and sandalwood (6.5%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Saccharum (Sacch.), Sugar, U.S.P. (Sucrose).—Obtained from the sugar-cane, the sugar-beet, etc.

White, odorless crystals or powder with a sweet taste.

Action and Uses: Sweetening agent in official syrups and other preparations.

*Syrupus (Syrupus), Syrup, U.S.P. (Sirup, Simple Syrup).—Sugar (85%) in water.

*Saccharum Lactis (Sacch. Lact.), Sugar of Milk, U.S.P. (Milk Sugar, Lactose).—Obtained from the whey of cow’s milk.

White, hard, odorless crystalline masses or powder, with a faintly sweet taste.

Action and Uses: Less sweet than cane sugar and less liable to ferment; slightly laxative and diuretic; frequently used to modify cow’s milk in the feeding of infants.

SALES EFFERVESCENTES, GRANULAR EFFERVESCENT SALTS.—Effervescent salts are mixtures of active constituents with sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid. They are usually directed to be produced and dispensed in coarse granules. Their advantage over other methods of administering active ingredients is rather doubtful. For effervescent salts included in the Pharmacopeia and in the National Formulary, see under the names of the active ingredients. For Sal Carolinum Factitium and Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens, see under Sodii Sulphas; for Sal Kissingense Factitium and Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens, see under Sodii Chloridum; for Sal Vichyanum Factitium, Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens and Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio, see under Sodii Bicarbonas.

Salicinum (Salicin.), Salicin, U.S.P.—A glucoside obtained from certain species of willows and poplars.

White powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Partially decomposed in the stomach and intestines and finally oxidized in the body into salicylic acid. Less irritant to the mucous membranes than the salicylates but also less certain in its action, and has been practically superseded by the latter.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Sambucus (Sambuc.), Sambucus, N.F. (Elder Flowers).

Action and Uses: Obsolete and worthless remedy in dropsy. Large doses are said to act like a hydragogue cathartic.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Sanguinaria (Sanguin.), Sanguinaria, U.S.P. (Blood Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Irritant and narcotic; unreliable; expectorant in small doses and nauseant in large doses, which may produce serious secondary symptoms.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Sanguinariae (Fldext. Sanguin.), Fluidextract of Sanguinaria, N.F.—Sanguinaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Sanguinariae (Syr. Sanguinar.), Syrup of Sanguinaria, N.F. (Syrup of Bloodroot).—Sanguinaria (22.5%) and acetic acid in syrup.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Sanguinariae (Tr. Sanguin.), Tincture of Sanguinaria, U.S.P. (Tincture of Bloodroot).—Sanguinaria (10%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 56 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Santalum Album (Santal. Alb.), Sandal Wood, N.F. (White Sandal Wood).—Heartwood.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of Oleum Santali, which see.

Santalum Rubrum (Santal. Rub.), Red Saunders, U.S.P.—Heartwood.

Action and Uses: Used as a coloring agent.

*Santoninum (Santonin.), Santonin, U.S.P.—Anhydride or lactone of santonic acid, obtained from Levant wormseed.

Colorless crystals or powder, becoming yellow on exposure to light, odorless and at first nearly tasteless, afterward becoming bitter.

Action and Uses: Used for its poisonous action on intestinal parasites, especially ascaris. When absorbed in sufficient amounts it produces yellow vision and epileptiform convulsions.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.) in powder or capsules.

Trochisci Santonini (Troch. Santonin.), Troches of Santonin, N.F.—Each troche contains santonin (0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain), with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.

Uses: Anthelmintic. Objectionable since their resemblance to candy may lead to serious poisoning.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

Trochisci Santonini Compositi (Troch. Santonin. Co.), Compound Troches of Santonin, N.F. (Troches of Santonin and Calomel).—Each troche contains santonin and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.

Uses: Anthelmintic; objectionable like Trochisci Santonini, which see above.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

*Sapo (Sapo), Soap, U.S.P. (White Castile Soap).—Soap prepared from olive oil and sodium hydroxide.

A white or whitish solid or powder, having a faint, peculiar odor and an alkaline taste.

Action and Uses: Used chiefly as a detergent and in solution as a vehicle for liniments. Also an ingredient of pills containing resinous drugs like aloes and scammony.

Emplastrum Saponis (Emp. Sapon.), Soap Plaster, N.F.—Made from soap (10%) and lead plaster (90%).

Linimentum Saponato-Camphoratum (Lin. Sapon.-Camph.), Camphorated Soap Liniment, N.F. (Opodeldoc, Solid Opodeldoc).—Camphor (2.5%), ammonia water, sodium stearate, oil of thyme, oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

*Linimentum Saponis (Lin. Sapon.), Soap Liniment, U.S.P. (Liquid Opodeldoc).—Soap (6%), camphor (4.5%) in oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Uses: Mild rubefacient and vehicle for more active liniments.

*Sapo Mollis (Sapo Moll.), Soft Soap, U.S.P.—Prepared from cottonseed oil and potassium hydroxide.

A soft, unctuous, yellowish-white to brownish-yellow mass, having a slight, characteristic odor and an alkaline taste.

Action and Uses: Dissolved in diluted alcohol, is employed in the preparation of various liniments, and as a detergent.

Linimentum Saponis Mollis (Lin. Sapon. Moll.), Liniment of Soft Soap, U.S.P. (Tincture of Green Soap).—Soft soap (65%) and oil of lavender in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Linimentum Saponis Mollis Compositum (Lin. Sapon. Mol. Co.), Compound Liniment of Soft Soap, N.F. (Tinctura Saponis Viridis Composita, N.F. III).—Soft soap (15%), oil of cade (2%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

Sarsaparilla (Sarsap.), Sarsaparilla, U.S.P. (Sarsaparilla Root).

Action and Uses: Formerly used in chronic rheumatism, skin diseases and syphilis; inefficient and therefore harmful; fortunately passing out of use.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Decoc. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, N.F.—Sarsaparilla (10%), guaiac wood (2%), mezereum (1%), sassafras, glycyrrhiza and water.

Uses: Antiquated and useless “alterative.”

Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae (Fldext. Sarsap.), Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Sarsaparilla (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Fldext. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Sarsaparilla (75%), mezereum (3%), glycyrrhiza and sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus (Syr. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of sarsaparilla (20%), fluidextract of senna (1.5%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, oil of sassafras, oil of anise, methyl salicylate and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: Irrational mixture; no indications for its use.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Sassafras (Sassaf.), Sassafras, U.S.P.—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Mild aromatic and carminative containing a volatile oil. No advantage over other aromatics, such as peppermint, ginger, etc.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

Sassafras Medulla (Sassaf. Med.), Sassafras Pith, N.F.

Action and Uses: Demulcent.

Mucilago Sassafras Medullae (Mucil. Sassaf. Medul.), Mucilage of Sassafras Pith, N.F.—Sassafras pith (0.2%) in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Scammoniae Radix (Scam. Rad.), Scammony Root, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Used principally for preparing resin, in which its activity as a cathartic resides.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Resina Scammoniae (Res. Scamm.), Resin of Scammony, U.S.P.—The resin from scammony root.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

*Scilla (Scill.), Squill, U.S.P.—Fleshy inner scales of a bulb. The official drug is to be assayed biologically.

Action and Uses: Qualitatively like those of digitalis. Has been largely used as a nauseant and expectorant. Has no advantage over digitalis, and should pass out of use. If used, it should be standardized.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.) of a standardized preparation.

Acetum Scillae (Acet. Scill.), Vinegar of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (10%) in diluted acetic acid.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Scillae (Fldext. Scill.), Fluidextract of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (100%). Assayed biologically by producing death in the frog.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Oxymel Scillae (Oxymel Scill.), Oxymel of Squill, N.F.—Vinegar of squill (50%) and clarified honey.

Uses: Antiquated and irrational preparation of squill.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Syrupus Scillae (Syr. Scill.), Syrup of Squill, U.S.P.—Vinegar of squill (45%), in sugar and water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Scillae Compositus (Syr. Scill. Co.), Compound Syrup of Squill, U.S.P. (Hive Syrup).—Fluidextract of squill (8%), fluidextract of senega (8%) and antimony and potassium tartrate (0.2%), in water and syrup.

Uses: Complex and irrational expectorant.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Scillae (Tr. Scill.), Tincture of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (10%) in alcohol and water. Biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Scoparius (Scopar.), Scoparius, N.F. (Broom Tops).

Action and Uses: Formerly used as diuretic, laxative and cathartic. See Sparteinae Sulphas.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Scoparii (Fldext. Scopar.), Fluidextract of Scoparius, N.F.—Scoparius (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Scopolaminae Hydrobromidum (Scopolamin. Hydrobrom.), Scopolamine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. (Hyoscine Hydrobromide, Scopolamine Bromide).—The hydrobromide of levorotatory scopolamine, also known as hyoscine.

Colorless, odorless, transparent crystals.

Action and Uses: Closely resembling those of atropine in its influence on the nerve endings but differing from the latter in having a sedative instead of a stimulating effect on the brain. Used as a somnifacient in motor excitement and mania; as a preliminary to anesthesia and in “twilight sleep,” and locally as a mydriatic. Uncertain in its action, at times producing acute delirium. The tendency to depress the respiratory center must be remembered.

Dosage: 0.3 Mg. or 1/200 grain (U.S.P.).

Scutellaria (Scutell.), Scutellaria, N.F. (Skullcap).—Plant.

Action and Uses: Claimed, though without reliable evidence, to be a tonic, nervine and antispasmodic, particularly useful in chorea and convulsions.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Scutellariae (Fldext. Scutellar.), Fluidextract of Scutellaria, N.F.—Scutellaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Senecio (Senecio), Senecio, N.F. (Life Root).—Plant deprived of its root.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended, probably without warrant, as a tonic, diuretic, expectorant and diaphoretic.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Senecionis (Fldext. Senecion.), Fluidextract of Senecio, N.F.—Senecio (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Senega (Seneg.), Senega, U.S.P. (Seneca Snakeroot, Senega Snakeroot).

Action and Uses: Employed as nauseant expectorant (by virtue of the irritant saponin).

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Senegae (Fldext. Seneg.), Fluidextract of Senega, U.S.P.—Senega (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Senegae (Syr. Seneg.), Syrup of Senega, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of senega (20%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Senna (Senn.), Senna, U.S.P. (Alexandria Senna or India Senna).

Action and Uses: Efficient cathartic of anthraquinone series.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Confectio Sennae (Confect. Senn.), Confection of Senna, N.F.—Senna (10%), cassia fistula (16%), tamarind (10%), prune, fig, sugar, oil of coriander and water.

Uses: A pleasant but needlessly complex laxative.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

*Fluidextractum Sennae (Fldext. Senn.), Fluidextract of Senna, U.S.P.—Senna (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Infusum Sennae Compositum (Inf. Senn. Co.), Compound Infusion of Senna, U.S.P.—Senna (6%), magnesium sulphate (12%), manna (12%) and fennel in water.

Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (U.S.P.).

*Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus (Pulv. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Compound Licorice Powder).—Senna (18%), washed sulphur (8%) with glycyrrhiza, oil of fennel and sugar.

Uses: A misnamed senna preparation.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Species Laxativae (Spec. Lax.), Laxative Species, N.F. (Species Laxantes, N.F. III, St. Germain Tea).—Senna (40%), potassium bitartrate (10%), elder flowers, fennel and anise.

Dosage: 1.3 Gm. or 20 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Ficorum Compositus (Syr. Ficor. Co.), Compound Syrup of Figs, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (20%), aromatic fluidglycerate of cascara sagrada (10%), with figs, oil of fennel and spirit of peppermint in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Uses: Complex and misnamed cathartic, imitating a widely advertised “patent medicine.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Syrupus Sennae (Syr. Senn.), Syrup of Senna, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of senna (25%) and oil of coriander in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Sennae Aromaticus (Syr. Senn. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Senna, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (12.5%), jalap (5%), rhubarb (1.75%), Saigon cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, oil of lemon and sugar in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Syrupus Sennae Compositus (Syr. Senn. Co.), Compound Syrup of Senna, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (13.5%), fluidextract of rhubarb (3.5%), fluidextract of frangula (3.5%), methyl salicylate (0.4%) and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 13 per cent.

Uses: Complex and irrational cathartic.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Serpentaria (Serpent.), Serpentaria, U.S.P. (Texas Snakeroot, Virginia Snakeroot).—Rhizome and root.

Action and Uses: Bitter with no advantage over gentian; now less frequently used than formerly.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Serpentariae (Fldext. Serpentar.), Fluidextract of Serpentaria, N.F.—Serpentaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

Tinctura Serpentariae (Tr. Serpent.), Tincture of Serpentaria, N.F.—Serpentaria (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Serum Antidiphthericum (Ser. Antidiph.), Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P. (Diphtheria Antitoxin).—Serum from a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin; has a potency of not less than 250 antitoxic units per Cc.

Action and Uses: Curative and prophylactic agent in diphtheria. The possibility of serum disease must be remembered. Caution should be exercised when antidiphtheric serum is administered to persons who have had asthma, and, above all, “horse asthma.” In such cases a few drops only of the serum may be injected, followed in fifteen or thirty minutes by the full dose.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antidiphthericum Purificatum (Ser. Antidiph. Purif.), Purified Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P. (Antidiphtheric Globulins, Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin, Diphtheric Antitoxin Globulins, Refined and Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin).—Certain antitoxic proteins from the blood serum of a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.

Uses: Less apt to produce serum disease.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U. S, P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antidiphthericum Siccum (Ser. Antidiph. Sicc.), Dried Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P. (Dried Diphtheria Antitoxin).

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antitetanicum (Ser. Antitetan.), Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P. (Tetanus Antitoxin).—Serum from a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.

Action and Uses: Prophylactic agent in tetanus; also used for curative purposes.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antitetanicum Purificatum (Ser. Antitetan. Purif.), Purified Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P. (Antitetanic Globulins, Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Refined and Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Tetanus Antitoxic Globulins).—Certain antitoxic proteins from the serum of a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antitetanicum Siccum (Ser. Antitetan. Sicc.), Dried Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P. (Dried Tetanus Antitoxin).

Uses: May be used as a dusting powder in suspicious wounds.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

Sevum Praeparatum (Sev. Praep.), Prepared Suet, U.S.P. (Mutton Suet).

A white, solid, almost odorless fat, having a bland taste when fresh, but becoming rancid on prolonged exposure to air.

Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of ointments and cerates.

Sevum Benzoinatum (Sev. Benz.), Benzoinated Suet, N.F.—Benzoin (3%) in prepared suet.

Uses: Ointment base; superfluous.

Sinapis Alba (Sinap. Alb.), White Mustard, U.S.P. (Yellow Mustard).—Ripe seeds.

Action and Uses: Develops irritant volatile oil on contact with water; frequently mixed with black mustard in powder for use as ground mustard.

Dosage: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

*Sinapis Nigra (Sinap. Nig.), Black Mustard, U.S.P. (Brown Mustard).—Ripe seeds.

Action and Uses: See Oleum Sinapis Volatile.

Dosage: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

*Emplastrum Sinapis (Emp. Sinap.), Mustard Plaster, U.S.P. (Charta Sinapis, U.S.P. VIII, Mustard Paper).—A mixture of black mustard, deprived of its fixed oil, and a solution of rubber, spread on paper, cotton cloth or other fabric.

Uses: Counterirritant.

Soda Chlorinata, Chlorinated Soda.

Action and Uses: Hypochlorites in acid, alkaline and neutral solutions have been found useful in the treatment of infected wounds. The alkaline solution is represented by the Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae below, and by the Liquor Potassae Chlorinatae, which see under Potassa Chlorinata.

*Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae (Liq. Sod. Chlorinat.), Solution of Chlorinated Soda, U.S.P. (Labarraque’s Solution).—Chlorine compounds of sodium containing not less than 2.5 per cent. available Cl.

Soda cum Calce (Sod. c. Calc.), Soda with Lime, N.F. (London Paste).—Sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide (each 50%).

Action and Uses: Caustic.

Sodii Acetas (Sod. Acet.), Sodium Acetate, U.S.P.—NaC₂H₃O₂ + 3H₂O.

Colorless crystals or granular powder, odorless or nearly odorless, and having a cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.8) and soluble in alcohol (1:19).

Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of Potassii Acetas, which see.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Sodii Arsenas (Sod. Arsen.), Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P. (Arsenas Sodii, P.I.).—Na₂HAsO₄ + 7H₂O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, efflorescent in dry air, and somewhat deliquescent in moist air. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5) and slightly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Has the same general action and uses as arsenic trioxide, but is less active.

Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Usually given in the form of solution or pill.

Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus (Sod. Arsen. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.—Na₂HAsO₄.

White, odorless, amorphous powder. Freely soluble in water (1:3.1), but only slightly soluble in alcohol.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis (Liq. Sod. Arsen.), Solution of Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.—Exsiccated sodium arsenate (about 1%) in water.

Uses: No advantage over other arsenicals.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, Pearson (Liq. Sod. Arsen. Pearson), Pearson’s Solution of Sodium Arsenate, N.F. (Liquor Arsenicalis Pearsonii).—Exsiccated sodium arsenate (0.1%) in water. Should not be confounded with Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, U.S.P., which is ten times stronger.

Uses: Superfluous arsenic preparation.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Sodii Benzoas (Sod. Benz.), Sodium Benzoate, U.S.P.—Na(C₆H₅.COO).

White, odorless, sweetish powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.8), and soluble in alcohol (1:61). Incompatible with mineral acids and ferric salts.

Action and Uses: Has the action of benzoic acid, but is less irritating. Mild antiseptic, practically non-toxic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Sodii Benzosulphinidum (Sod. Benzosulphin.), Sodium Benzosulphinide, U.S.P. (Sodium-Saccharin, Soluble Saccharin).

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless or nearly odorless, and having an intensely sweet taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.2) and soluble in alcohol (1:50).

Action and Uses: Those of benzosulphinide (saccharin), but with the advantage of ready solubility.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Bicarbonas (Sod. Bicarb.), Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P. (Baking Soda).—NaHCO₃.

A white, odorless powder, having a cooling, mildly alkaline taste. Decomposed by acids and converted by boiling into the normal carbonate. Soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a non-caustic alkali in conditions of acidosis, and to neutralize the acid of the gastric juice in hyperacidity and gastric ulcer. May be used intravenously in cases of extreme acidosis. Externally, used as a mild alkaline wash.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For intravenous injection a 6 per cent. solution sterilized by boiling and thus partly converted into the normal carbonate has been recommended. One thousand Cc. of such a solution may be injected, but great care must be taken that none of the liquid gets outside the veins lest necrosis of the tissues occur.

Liquor Sodae et Menthae (Liq. Sod. et Menth.), Solution of Soda and Mint, N.F. (Mistura Sodae et Menthae, N.F. III, Soda Mint).—Sodium bicarbonate (5%), aromatic spirit of ammonia (1%) and spearmint water.

Uses: Antacid and carminative.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Sal Vichyanum Factitium (Sal Vichy. Fact.), Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F.—Potassium carbonate (3.85%), magnesium sulphate (8%), sodium chloride (7.7%) and sodium bicarbonate (84.6%).

Uses: Alkaline saline cathartic.

Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial vichy salt (25%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (48.5%), tartaric acid (16.45%) and citric acid (yielding sodium citrate and tartrate).

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff. c. Lith.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt with Lithium, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens cum Lithio, N.F. III).—Artificial vichy salt (25%), lithium citrate (8.33%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (44.14%), tartaric acid (12.54%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).

Uses: Irrational laxative mixture. The lithium serves no useful purpose.

Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).

Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis (Troch. Sod. Bicarb.), Troches of Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.—Each troche contains sodium bicarbonate (0.18 Gm.) with sugar, nutmeg and mucilage of tragacanth.

*Sodii Boras (Sod. Bor.), Sodium Borate, U.S.P. (Borax, Sodium Tetraborate, Sodium Pyroborate).—Na₂B₄O₇ + 10H₂O.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a sweetish, alkaline taste. Soluble in water (1:15) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic detergent and alkaline. Used in the form of solution as a wash both externally and in the body cavities. Seldom used internally.

Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Boratis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Bor. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Borate, N.F. (Dobell’s Solution).—Sodium borate and sodium bicarbonate (each 1.5%) and liquefied phenol (0.3%) in glycerin and water.

Uses: Mild antiseptic.

Mel Rosae et Sodii Boratis (Mel Ros. et Sod. Bor.), Honey of Rose and Sodium Borate, N.F. (Honey of Rose with Borax).—Sodium borate (10%), glycerin and honey of rose.

Uses: Alkaline demulcent.

Mel Sodii Boratis (Mel Sod. Bor.), Honey of Sodium Borate, N.F. (Mel Boracis, Honey and Borax).—Sodium borate (10%) in glycerin and clarified honey.

Uses: Alkaline demulcent.

Sodii Boro-Benzoas (Sod. Boro-Benz.), Sodium Boro-Benzoate, N.F.—Sodium borate (43%) and sodium benzoate (57%).

Action and Uses: Feeble alkaline antiseptic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

*Sodii Bromidum (Sod. Brom.), Sodium Bromide, U.S.P.—NaBr.

White, odorless crystals or powder, having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).

Action and Uses: Used as a nerve sedative and cerebral depressant. Practically identical with potassium bromide in action and uses, but somewhat less irritating.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Sodii Bromidi (Elix. Sod. Brom.), Elixir of Sodium Bromide, N.F.—Sodium bromide (1.75%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7.5 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Sodii Cacodylas (Sod. Cacodyl.), Sodium Cacodylate, U.S.P.—Sodium dimethylarsenate.

White, odorless, deliquescent crystals or powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.5).

Action and Uses: Is slowly decomposed in the tissues into trivalent arsenic. The action is thus more gradual and less toxic than that of other arsenic compounds. Produces garlic breath. Used especially by hypodermic injection, in anemias, etc.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Carbonas Monohydratus (Sod. Carb. Monohyd.), Monohydrated Sodium Carbonate, U.S.P.—Na₂CO₃ + H₂O.

White, odorless, granular powder having a strongly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:3) and insoluble in alcohol. Incompatible with acids and acid salts and with the salts of the heavy metals and alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Antacid and detergent; employed in medicine chiefly in the preparation of alkaline baths.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Chloridum (Sod. Chlorid.), Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.—NaCl.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless, and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8), and only slightly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used for preparing physiologic salt solution. Given by mouth in large doses, is emetic and in proper dilutions, laxative. Excessive use as a seasoning for foods is particularly harmful in nephritis.

Dosage: Emetic, 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Chloridi Physiologicus (Liq. Sod. Chlor. Physio.), Physiological Solution of Sodium Chloride, U.S.P. (Physiological Salt Solution, Normal Salt Solution).—Sodium chloride (0.85%) in water.

Uses: An indifferent vehicle, used especially for intravenous injections.

Sal Kissingense Factitium (Sal Kissingen. Fact.), Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F.—Potassium chloride (2.8%), sodium chloride (59.4%), magnesium sulphate (20%), sodium bicarbonate (17.8%).

Uses: Alkaline saline cathartic.

Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens (Sal Kissingen. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Kissingensis Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial Kissingen salt (40%), sodium bicarbonate (40.6%), tartaric acid (9.4%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).

Dosage: 5.5 Gm. or 80 grains (N.F.).

Sodii Citras (Sod. Cit.), Sodium Citrate, U.S.P.—The hydrated salt.

White, odorless granular powder or small crystals, having a cooling saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.3); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of potassium citrate.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

Liquor Sodii Citratis (Liq. Sod. Cit.), Solution of Sodium Citrate, N.F. (Mistura Sodii Citratis, Potio Rivierii).—Sodium citrate (3.5%) in water.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Sodii Citro-Tartratis Effervescens (Liq. Sod. Citro-Tart. Eff.), Effervescent Solution of Sodium Citro-Tartrate, N.F.—Sodium tartrate (about 8%) with syrup of citric acid (about 12%) and water.

Dosage: The contents of one bottle, about 350 Cc. or nearly 12 fluidounces (N.F.).

Sodii Cyanidum (Sod. Cyanid.), Sodium Cyanide, U.S.P.—NaCN.

White masses or powder, odorless when perfectly dry; deliquescent in the air and exhaling the odor of hydrocyanic acid. Freely soluble in cold water.

Action and Uses: Sodium cyanide replaces potassium cyanide, U.S.P. VIII. The alkaline cyanides are rarely administered internally, but their use in solution has been suggested as a substitute for diluted hydrocyanic acid.

Sodii Glycerophosphas (Sod. Glycerophos.), Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P. (Sodium Glycerinophosphate).—Hydrated sodium glycerophosphate. Represents not less than 68 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.

White, odorless plates, scales or powder, having a saline taste. Very soluble in hot or cold water and nearly insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended in solutions as a nerve tonic in all kinds of wasting and nervous diseases. The weight of evidence indicates that the glycerophosphates are not superior to ordinary phosphates and that the claims for them as nerve tonics are, therefore, unfounded.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum (Elix. Glycerophos. Co.), Compound Elixir of Glycerophosphates, N.F. (Compound Solution of Glycerophosphates).—Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (4%), calcium glycerophosphate (1.6%), ferric glycerophosphate (0.3%), soluble manganese glycerophosphate (0.2%), quinine glycerophosphate (0.1%), strychnine glycerophosphate (0.015%), lactic acid (1%) and compound spirit of cardamom, in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: A highly complex and therefore irrational preparation of the inactive glycerophosphates.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Sodii Glycerophosphatis (Liq. Sod. Glycerophos.). Solution of Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P.—Anhydrous sodium glycerophosphate (not less than 50%) in water.

Dosage: 0.35 Cc. or 6 minims (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Hydroxidum (Sod. Hydrox.), Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Caustic Soda, Sodium Hydrate).—NaOH (not less than 90%).

White, odorless masses or hard, brittle sticks. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and very soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of potassium hydroxide.

*Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi (Liq. Sod. Hydrox.), Solution of Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Liquor Sodae, Solution of Soda).—NaOH (about 5%) in water.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Sodii Hypophosphis (Sod. Hypophos.), Sodium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.—NaH₂PO₂ + H₂O.

Colorless plates or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: The hypophosphites have been prescribed as “tonics,” but all reliable evidence indicates that they are inert.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Sodii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Sod. Hypophos.), Elixir of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), hypophosphorous acid (0.4%), and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: Objectionable alcoholic preparation of an inactive drug.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Sodii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), and hypophosphorous acid (0.2%) in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Sodii Indigotindisulphonas (Sod. Indigotin.), Sodium Indigotindisulphonate, U.S.P. (Indigo Carmine).

Blue powder or dark purple paste. Sparingly soluble in water and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Coloring agent.

*Sodii Iodidum (Sod. Iod.), Sodium Iodide, U.S.P.—NaI.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.55) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).

Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of potassium iodide, but less disagreeable in taste; perhaps somewhat less irritating locally.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Nitris (Sod. Nitris), Sodium Nitrite, U.S.P.—NaNO₂.

Colorless crystals or white or nearly white masses, sticks or powder, odorless and having a mild saline taste. Deliquescent on exposure to air, being gradually converted into sodium nitrate. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5), but only sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Vasodilator, similar to nitroglycerin. The action is probably somewhat slower and more prolonged.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Sodii Perboras (Sod. Perbor.), Sodium Perborate, U.S.P.—NaBO₃ + 4H₂O (about 86.5%). Should contain not less than 9 per cent. of available oxygen.

White, odorless granules or powder, having a saline taste. Soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic, deodorant and bactericide; in general, similar to hydrogen peroxide.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.); may be applied as a dusting powder or in a 2 per cent. solution.

Sodii Phenolsulphonas (Sod. Phenolsulph.), Sodium Phenolsulphonate, U.S.P. (Sodium Sulphocarbolate).—The hydrated salt.

Colorless, odorless, somewhat efflorescent crystals or granules, having a cooling, saline bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:4.2), and only slightly soluble in alcohol (1:140).

Action and Uses: Phenolsulphonates were introduced with the idea that they would be antiseptic like phenol, but less toxic. Actually, they are practically inert.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Phosphas (Sod. Phos.), Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Na₂HPO₄ + 12H₂O, representing about 41.5 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.

Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals or powder, having a cooling, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.7); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, similar to magnesium and sodium sulphate. The taste is less disagreeable.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Sodii Phosphas Exsiccatus (Sod. Phos. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Na₂HPO₄.

White powder which absorbs moisture readily. Freely soluble in water (1:8.1), but insoluble in alcohol.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Phos. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Phosphate, N.F.—Sodium phosphate (100%) and citric acid in glycerin and water.

Uses: Laxative.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Sodii Phosphas Effervescens (Sod. Phos. Eff.), Effervescent Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Exsiccated sodium phosphate (20%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (47.7%), tartaric acid (25.2%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Salicylas (Sod. Salicyl.), Sodium Salicylate, U.S.P.—C₆H₄(OH) (COONa).

White or nearly white, odorless or nearly odorless powder having a sweet, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:9.2). Incompatible with acids, with acid salts and with solutions of many of the alkaloids, particularly quinine, which precipitates as the salicylate.

Action and Uses: The salt usually employed to secure the constitutional action of salicylic acid.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Sodii Salicylatis (Elix. Sod. Salicyl.), Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F.—Sodium salicylate (8.5%), syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Sodii Salicylatis Compositum (Elix. Sod. Salicyl. Co.), Compound Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F.—Sodium salicylate (8%), fluidextract of cimifuga (3.2%), fluidextract of gelsemium (1.6%) and potassium iodide (1.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Uses: An irrational rheumatism mixture, constituting an invitation to haphazard use.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri Salicylatis (Liq. Ferr. Salicyl.), Solution of Ferric Salicylate, N.F. (Salicylated Mixture of Iron).—Solution containing ferric salicylate with a large excess of sodium salicylate [obtained by the interaction of sodium salicylate (12.5%) and tincture of ferric citrochloride (12.5%)], and ammonium citrate, methyl salicylate, glycerin and water.

Uses: “Rheumatism remedy.” Ferric salicylate has no special advantage over the sodium salt.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Sodii Sulphas (Sod. Sulph.), Sodium Sulphate, U.S.P. (Glauber’s Salt).—Na₂SO₄ + 10H₂O.

Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals, having a bitter, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, more disagreeable but less active than magnesium sulphate, over which it has no material advantage.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

Sal Carolinum Factitium (Sal Carol. Fact.), Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F.—This is available in two forms, the dry amorphous form and the crystalline form, the latter representing about 80 per cent. of water of crystallization. The dry amorphous form represents potassium sulphate (2%), sodium chloride (18%), sodium bicarbonate (36%) and hydrated sodium sulphate (100%).

Uses: Alkaline cathartic.

Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Carol. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Carolini Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial Carlsbad salt (26.6%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (40%), tartaric acid (15.7%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.

Action and Uses: Cathartic. Its high sodium citrate and tartrate content should be borne in mind.

Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).

*Sodii Sulphis Exsiccatus (Sod. Sulphis Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Sulphite, U.S.P.—Na₂SO₃ (not less than 90%).

White, odorless powder, having a cooling, saline sulphurous taste. Freely soluble in water (1:3.2), but only sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic; principally used externally as a wash.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Thiosulphas (Sod. Thiosulph.), Sodium Thiosulphate, U.S.P. (“Sodium Hyposulphite”).—Na₂S₂O₃ + 5H₂O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, having a cooling, afterward bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used externally in the form of a lotion as application for ringworm and other parasitic diseases. Internally, rarely as cathartic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Solanum (Solan.), Solanum, N.F. (Horsenettle Berries).—Ripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Rarely used as a sedative in convulsions and epilepsy; probably ineffective.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Solani (Fldext. Solan.), Fluidextract of Solanum, N.F.—Solanum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Sparteinae Sulphas (Spartein. Sulph.), Sparteine Sulphate, U.S.P.

Colorless, odorless, hygroscopic crystals or powder, having a slightly saline and somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and in alcohol (1:3).

Action and Uses: Has been widely exploited as a diuretic, but on insufficient evidence. Is of little use and is now less frequently employed than formerly. Large doses slow and weaken the heart.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

SPECIES.—Mixtures of vegetable drugs used as teas or poultices. For the official mixtures, see Species Emollientes, N.F., under Althaea Folia; Species Laxativae, N.F., under Senna, and Species Pectorales, under Althaea.

Spigelia (Spigelia), Spigelia, U.S.P. (Pinkroot).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete anthelmintic for ascarides. Inferior to santonin.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Spigeliae (Fldext. Spigel.), Fluidextract of Spigelia, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Pinkroot).—Spigelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

SPIRITUS, SPIRITS.—Alcoholic solutions of either gaseous, liquid, or solid volatile substances.

For the official spirits, see under the names of the respective principal constituents. For Spiritus Cinnamomi, see under Oleum Cassiae; for Spiritus Odoratus, under Oleum Bergamottae. For the following, see under the respective oils: Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae, Spiritus Anisi, Spiritus Aurantii Compositus, Spiritus Cardamomi Compositus, Spiritus Juniperi, Spiritus Juniperi Compositus, Spiritus Lavandulae, Spiritus Menthae Piperitae, Spiritus Menthae Viridis, Spiritus Myrciae Compositus, Spiritus Sinapis.

SPIRITUS OLEORUM VOLATILIUM, SPIRITS OF VOLATILE OILS.—Volatile oil (6.5%) in alcohol.

Staphisagria (Staphisag.), Staphisagria, U.S.P. (Stavesacre).—Seeds.

Action and Uses: To destroy pediculi. The contained alkaloid, delphinine, is toxic, resembling aconitine in its physiologic action.

Dosage: Used as an ointment or lotion.

Fluidextractum Staphisagria (Fldext. Staphisag.), Fluidextract of Staphisagria, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Stavesacre).—Staphisagria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

STILI DILUBILES (STIL. DILUB.), PASTE PENCILS, (Unna Pencils).—Paste pencils are for the direct application of medicinal agents to the skin in dermatologic practice. The paste consists of starch, dextrin, tragacanth and sugar with sufficient water to form a plastic mass. For the official paste pencils, see Stili Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles, under Acidum Salicylicum.

Stillingia (Stilling.), Stillingia, U.S.P. (Queen’s Root).

Action and Uses: Has been used as a sialagogue and expectorant. Has no advantage over senega; is now less frequently used than formerly.

The compound fluidextract and syrup are antiquated “alteratives,” at one time used especially against syphilis and scrofula. They are complex and inefficient, and therefore irrational and harmful.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Stillingiae (Fldext. Stilling.), Fluidextract of Stillingia, U.S.P.—Stillingia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Stillingiae Compositum (Fldext. Stilling. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Stillingia, N.F.—Stillingia (25%), corydalis (25%), blue flag (12.5%), sambucus (12.5%), chimaphila (12.5%), prickly ash berries (6.2%) and coriander (6.2%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Stillingiae Compositus (Syr. Stilling. Co.), Compound Syrup of Stillingia, N.F.—Compound fluidextract of stillingia (25%) in glycerin and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Stramonium (Stramon.), Stramonium, U.S.P. (Jamestown Weed, Jimson Weed).—Leaves, containing not less than 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of belladonna, over which it has no advantage. Often used in “asthma powders.”

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Extractum Stramonii (Ext. Stramon.), Extract of Stramonium, U.S.P.—Two forms: Pilular extract of stramonium and powdered extract of stramonium. One Gm. of extract represents about 4 Gm. of stramonium and yields about 1 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Stramonii (Fldext. Stramon.), Fluidextract of Stramonium, N.F.—Stramonium (100%), yielding about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).

Tinctura Stramonii (Tr. Stramon.), Tincture of Stramonium, U.S.P.—Stramonium (10%), yielding about 0.025 per cent. of stramonium alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

Unguentum Stramonii (Ung. Stramon.), Stramonium Ointment, U.S.P.—Pilular extract of stramonium (10%), diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.

Strontii Bromidum (Stront. Brom.), Strontium Bromide, U.S.P.—SrBr₂ + 6H₂O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, having a bitter, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.35); soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of sodium bromide over which it has no definite advantage.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Strontii Carbonas (Stront. Carb.), Strontium Carbonate, N.F.—SrCO₃.

White, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol. Decomposed by acids.

Action and Uses: Of use only in the making of soluble salts of strontium.

Strontii Iodidum (Stront. Iod.), Strontium Iodide, U.S.P.—SrI₂ + 6H₂O.

Colorless crystals or white powder or crystalline crusts, turning yellow on exposure to light; odorless, deliquescent and having a bitter saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.2); somewhat less soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to, but without definite advantage over potassium iodide.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.).

Strontii Salicylas (Stront. Salicyl.), Strontium Salicylate, U.S.P.—Sr(C₆H₄.OH.COO)₂ + 2H₂O.

White, odorless powder, having a somewhat sweet, saline taste. Soluble in water (1:19) and in alcohol (1:61).

Action and Uses: Identical with those of sodium salicylate, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Strophanthinum (Strophanthin.), Strophanthin, U.S.P.—A glucoside or mixture of glucosides obtained from strophanthus.

White or yellowish powder. Very soluble in water and in diluted alcohol.

Action and Uses: Like those of digitalis. Strophanthin acts more rapidly and is excreted sooner, but its absorption from the alimentary canal is so variable that its administration by mouth is inadvisable.

Dosage: Daily by mouth, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.); intravenous, 0.00075 Gm. or 1/80 grain (U.S.P.). Caution should be used if patient has been taking digitalis.

*Strophanthus (Strophanth.), Strophanthus, U.S.P.—Ripe seeds.

Action and Uses: Strophanthus and tincture of strophanthus have properties similar to those of the glucoside strophanthin. The absorption of strophanthus from the alimentary canal is so variable that administration by mouth is not advisable.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Strophanthi (Tr. Strophanth.), Tincture of Strophanthus, U.S.P. (Strophanthi Tinctura, P.I.).—Strophanthus (10%) with the oil removed. Biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Strychnina (Strych.), Strychnine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from nux vomica.

Colorless, odorless crystals or white powder. Extremely bitter in very dilute solutions. Very slightly soluble in water (1:6420) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:136).

Action and Uses: Stimulates the reflex activity of the spinal cord, but produces little or no effect on the higher nervous centers; is also used as a bitter tonic, generally in the form of a preparation of nux vomica.

As strychnine is so slightly soluble, it is generally prescribed as one of its salts. Of these, the nitrate meets every need.

Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).

Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae (Elix. Pepsin. Bism. et Strych.), Elixir of Pepsin, Bismuth and Strychnine, N.F.—Strychnine (0.0175%), tartaric acid, and elixir of pepsin and bismuth. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: An irrational preparation.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Pilulae Antidyspepticae (Pil. Antidyspep.), Antidyspeptic Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains strychnine (0.0016 Gm., or 1/40 grain), ipecac and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (each 0.0065 Gm., or 1/10 grain), mass of mercury, and compound extract of colocynth (each 0.13 Gm., or 2 grains).

Uses: An objectionably named and misdirected mixture.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Strychninae Acetas, Strychnine Acetate.

Liquor Strychninae Acetatis (Liq. Strych. Acet.), Solution of Strychnine Acetate, N.F. (Hall’s Solution of Strychnine).—Strychnine acetate (about 0.209%), alcohol, compound tincture of cardamom and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Uses: Superfluous strychnine solution.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (U.S.P.).

Strychninae Glycerophosphas (Strych. Glycerophos.), Strychnine Glycerophosphate, N.F. (Strychnine Glycerinophosphate).

White, odorless crystals or powder, with a taste at first sweet, afterward intensely bitter. Slightly soluble in water (1:350), and in alcohol (1:310).

Action and Uses: Superfluous strychnine salt.

Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (N.F.).

*Strychninae Nitras (Strych. Nit.), Strychnine Nitrate, U.S.P.

Colorless, odorless crystals or white powder. Soluble in water (1:42) and somewhat less soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Same as those of strychnine.

Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).

*Strychninae Sulphas (Strych. Sulph.), Strychnine Sulphate, U.S.P.

Colorless or white crystals or white powder, odorless; efflorescent in dry air. Soluble in water (1:32) and in alcohol (1:81).

Uses: Same as those of strychnine. Has no advantage over the nitrate.

Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. Bism. et Strych.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine).—Strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids, iron and bismuth (about 99%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

Uses: An irrational mixture supposed to contain six active ingredients.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Strych.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Strychnine, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Strychninae, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya Alkaloidal, with Iron and Strychnine).—Strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron (about 99%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

Uses: A complex and irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Strychninae Valeras (Strych. Valer.), Strychnine Valerate, N.F.

White, crystalline powder, with a valerian-like odor and an intensely bitter taste. Sparingly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Superfluous strychnine salt.

Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (N.F.).

Elixir Strychninae Valeratis (Elix. Strych. Valer.), Elixir of Strychnine Valerate, N.F. (Elixir Strychninae Valerianatis, N.F. III).—Strychnine valerate (0.0175%), aromatic elixir (about 96.5%), water, tincture of vanilla and compound tincture of cudbear. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Styrax (Styrax), Storax, U.S.P. (Liquid Storax.)—A balsam.

Action and Uses: Closely resembles balsam of Peru, over which it has no advantage. An ointment (1:4) has been used as a parasiticide in scabies and other parasitic infections.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Succus Citri (Suc. Cit.), Lime Juice, N.F.

Action and Uses: Used especially in prevention and treatment of scurvy.

Succus Pomorum (Suc. Pomor.), Fresh Apple Juice, N.F.

Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy in the making of crude ferric malate.

*Sulphonethylmethanum (Sulphonethylmeth.), Sulphonethylmethane, U.S.P. (Trional).—Diethylsulphonemethylethylmethane.

Colorless, lustrous, odorless, crystalline scales, having a bitter taste in aqueous solutions. Slightly soluble in water (1:200) and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: A hypnotic producing in ordinary doses no other symptoms than sleep. The sleep comes on in about an hour, though in some cases it may be much longer delayed.

Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.), best administered in hot milk or other hot drinks.

*Sulphonmethanum (Sulphonmeth.), Sulphonmethane, U.S.P. (Sulphonal).—Diethylsulphonedimethylmethane.

Colorless, odorless and nearly tasteless crystals or powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:365) and soluble in alcohol (1:60).

Action and Uses: Hypnotic and sedative. Has properties similar to those of sulphonethylmethane, but usually acts somewhat more slowly.

Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably administered in hot milk or other hot drinks.

*Sulphur Lotum (Sulphur Lot.), Washed Sulphur, U.S.P.—S.

Fine, yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used locally in parasitic diseases of the skin and as a mild cathartic especially in hemorrhoids.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Sulphuris et Potassii Bitartratis (Troch. Sulphur. et Pot. Bitart.), Troches of Sulphur and Potassium Bitartrate, N.F. (Troches of Sulphur and Cream of Tartar).—Each troche contains washed sulphur (0.3 Gm. or 5 grains) and potassium bitartrate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, sugar and oil of orange.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.). Dose so small as to be practically worthless.

*Sulphur Praecipitatum (Sulphur Praec.), Precipitated Sulphur, U.S.P. (Lac Sulphuris, Milk of Sulphur).—S. Made by precipitating a solution of calcium sulphide with hydrochloric acid.

Fine, pale yellow, odorless, tasteless powder.

Action and Uses: Same as those of washed sulphur; more active and irritant.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

*Sulphur Sublimatum (Sulphur Sublim.), Sublimed Sulphur, U.S.P. (Flowers of Sulphur).—S.

Fine, yellow powder having a slight, characteristic odor and a faintly acid taste.

Action and Uses: Same as those of washed sulphur.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Petroxolinum Sulphuratum (Petrox. Sulphur.), Sulphurated Petroxolin, N.F. (Sulphurated Petrox).—Sublimed sulphur (3%) in linseed oil, oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.

Petroxolinum Sulphuratum Compositum (Petrox. Sulphur. Co.), Compound Sulphurated Petroxolin, N.F. (Compound Sulphurated Petrox).—Sulphurated petroxolin (10%), in oil of cade, thymol, eucalyptol, oil of turpentine and liquid petroxolin.

*Unguentum Sulphuris (Ung. Sulphur.), Sulphur Ointment, U.S.P.—Sublimed sulphur (15%) in benzoinated lard.

Unguentum Sulphuris Alkalinum (Ung. Sulphur. Alk.), Alkaline Sulphur Ointment, N.F.—Sublimed sulphur (20%) and potassium carbonate (10%) in water and benzoinated lard.

Unguentum Sulphuris Compositum (Ung. Sulphur. Co.), Compound Sulphur Ointment, N.F. (Wilkinson’s Ointment, Hebra’s Itch Ointment).—Sublimed sulphur (15%), oil of cade (15%) and precipitated calcium carbonate in soft soap and lard.

Sulphuris Iodidum (Sulphur. Iod.), Sulphur Iodide, N.F.—Washed sulphur (20%) and iodine combined by means of heat.

Brittle, grayish black masses, having a metallic luster, an odor of iodine and a somewhat acrid taste. Almost insoluble in water; alcohol dissolves the iodine, leaving the sulphur.

Action and Uses: Used in parasitic skin diseases; antiquated.

Sumbul (Sumbul), Sumbul, U.S.P. (Musk-root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Formerly exploited as a stimulant and antispasmodic in hysterical conditions. Effect probably psychic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Sumbul (Ext. Sumbul), Extract of Sumbul, U.S.P.—A pilular extract.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Sumbul (Fldext. Sumbul), Fluidextract of Sumbul, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Musk-root).—Sumbul (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Sumbul (Tr. Sumbul), Tincture of Sumbul, N.F.—Sumbul (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

SUPPOSITORIA, SUPPOSITORIES, U.S.P.—Suppositories are solid bodies of various weights and shapes adapted for introduction into the different orifices of the human body and melting readily at body heat.

Suprarenalum Siccum (Supraren. Sicc.), Dried Suprarenals, U.S.P. (Glandulae Suprarenales Siccae, U.S.P., VIII, Desiccated Suprarenal Glands).—The suprarenal glands of animals which are used for food by man, cleaned, dried, freed from fat, and powdered, and containing epinephrine (about 0.5%), the active principle of the suprarenal gland.

A light, yellowish-brown powder, having a slight, characteristic odor. Partially soluble in water.

Action and Uses: The action of dried suprarenals is virtually that of epinephrine, but more variable and less conveniently employed.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

SYRUPI, SYRUPS.—Syrups are aqueous solutions of medicinal substances rendered palatable by the addition of sugar. For the official syrups see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Syrupus, see under Saccharum; for Syrupus Bromidorum, under Potassii Bromidum; for Syrupus Ficorum Compositus, under Ficus; for Syrupus Hypophosphitum and Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus, under Calcii Hypophosphis; for Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii, under Opium; for Syrupus Phosphatum Compositus, under Acidum Phosphoricum; for Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina, under Quininae Hydrochloridum, and for Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina, under Morphinae Sulphas.

Talcum Purificatum (Talc. Purif.), Purified Talc, U.S.P.—A purified native hydrous magnesium silicate, sometimes containing a small amount of aluminum silicate.

A fine white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder, which adheres to the skin and is slippery to the touch.

Action and Uses: Used as a dusting powder, and as a clarifying agent in pharmacy.

Tamarindus (Tamarind.), Tamarind, N.F.—The preserved pulp of the fruit.

Action and Uses: Mildly laxative. When infused with water, yields an agreeable acid drink.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

Taraxacum (Tarax.), Taraxacum, U.S.P. (Dandelion).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Has been used as a bitter tonic (without advantage over gentian) and as a mild laxative in habitual constipation (inferior to drugs like cascara sagrada); has no specific action on the liver.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

Elixir Taraxaci Compositum (Elix. Tarax. Co.), Compound Elixir of Taraxacum, N.F.—Fluidextract of taraxacum (3.5%), fluidextract of wild cherry (2%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, tincture of sweet orange peel, tincture of cinnamon, compound tincture of cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content, about 28 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Extractum Taraxaci (Ext. Tarax.), Extract of Taraxacum, U.S.P.—A pilular extract.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Taraxaci (Fldext. Tarax.), Fluidextract of Taraxacum, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Dandelion).—Taraxacum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Terebenum (Tereben.), Terebene, U.S.P.—Obtained from oil of turpentine by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid.

A colorless, thin liquid, having a thyme-like odor and an aromatic taste. Only slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:3).

Action and Uses: Expectorant resembling oil of turpentine, but more pleasant in odor.

Dosage: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.).

*Terebinthina (Terebinth.), Turpentine, N.F.—A solid oleoresin obtained from pine.

Action and Uses: Rubefacient; without advantage over turpentine oil.

Terebinthina Laricis (Terebinth. Laric.), Venice Turpentine, N.F. (Larch Turpentine).— A viscid oleoresin obtained from European larch.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of turpentine; now seldom used.

Petroxolinum Terebinthinae Laricis (Petrox. Terebinth. Laric.), Venice Turpentine Petroxolin, N.F. (Venice Turpentine Petrox).—Venice turpentine (20%) in liquid petroxolin.

*Terpini Hydras (Terpin. Hyd.), Terpin Hydrate, U.S.P.

Colorless, lustrous, nearly odorless crystals, having a slightly aromatic and somewhat bitter taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:200) and soluble in alcohol (1:13).

Action and Uses: Antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic; largely used as an expectorant in cases accompanied by free bronchial secretion.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Terpini Hydratis (Elix. Terpin. Hyd.), Elixir of Terpin Hydrate, N.F.—Terpin hydrate (1.75%), tincture of sweet orange peel, spirit of bitter almond, alcohol, glycerin, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 42 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae, N.F.—See under Codeina.

Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae, N.F.—See under Diacetylmorphina.

Terra Silicea Purificata (Ter. Sil. Purif.), Purified Siliceous Earth, U.S.P. (Purified Kieselguhr, Purified Infusorial Earth).—Silica (SiO₂).

Fine, bulky, white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water, acids or dilute solutions of the alkalies.

Action and Uses: Used as a clarifying agent in pharmacy.

*Theobrominae Sodio-Salicylas (Theobrom. Sodio-Sal.), Theobromine Sodio-Salicylate, U.S.P. (Diuretin).—Sodium theobromine and sodium salicylate in approximately molecular proportions. Contains not less than 46.5 per cent. of theobromine.

White, odorless powder, having a sweetish, saline and somewhat alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), slightly soluble in alcohol. Incompatible with acids and has the other incompatibilities of salicylates.

Action and Uses: A soluble salt of theobromine, having much the same action as caffeine, except that it does not affect the central nervous system to any extent. Mainly used as a diuretic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Theophyllina (Theophyll.), Theophylline, U.S.P. (Dimethylxanthine, Theocin).—An isomer of theobromine.

White, odorless powder, having a bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:100) and in alcohol (1:80).

Action and Uses: Has a diuretic action similar to that of theobromine, more powerful, but said to be not so lasting.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Thuja (Thuja), Thuja, N.F. (Arbor Vitae).—Young twigs.

Action and Uses: Somewhat irritant; no well-defined indications for its use, but has been recommended as a febrifuge, expectorant and anthelmintic, and as a stimulating remedy in tenesmus and dribbling of urine in the aged.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Thujae (Fldext. Thuj.), Fluidextract of Thuja, N.F.—Thuja (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Thymol (Thymol), Thymol, U.S.P.—A phenol.

Large, colorless, translucent crystals, having an aromatic thyme-like odor, and a pungent, aromatic taste. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1,010); freely soluble in alcohol (1:1).

Action and Uses: Antiseptic and anthelmintic. Used chiefly against the hookworm.

Dosage: Antiseptic, 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.); anthelmintic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains, per day (U.S.P.). In the treatment of hookworm disease it should be given in as finely divided state as possible in dosage of from 0.5 to 4 Gm. or from 8 grains to 1 drachm. No fats, oils or alcohol should be given at the same time, for fear of absorption of the drug.

The dosage may be regulated according to age as follows: Up to 5 years of age, 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains; up to 10, 1 Gm. or 15 grains; up to 15, 1.5 Gm. or 24 grains; up to 20, 2 Gm. or 30 grains; above 20, 3 to 4 Gm. or 45 grains to 1 drachm.

Nebula Thymolis (Nebul. Thymol.), Thymol Spray, N.F.—Thymol (1%) in light liquid petrolatum.

*Thymolis Iodidum (Thymol. Iod.), Thymol Iodide, U.S.P. (Aristol).—Chiefly dithymol-diiodide. Should contain not less than 43 per cent. of iodine.

A reddish-brown or reddish-yellow, bulky powder, with a very slight aromatic odor. Insoluble in water or glycerin; only slightly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic; used chiefly as a dusting powder. Less efficient than iodoform.

Thymus (Thymus), Thyme, N.F.—Tops.

Action and Uses: Aromatic and rubefacient; without advantage over camphor.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Thymi (Fldext. Thym.), Fluidextract of Thyme, N.F.—Thyme (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Thyroideum Siccum (Thyroid. Sicc.), Dried Thyroids, U.S.P. (Glandulae Thyroideae Siccae, U.S.P., VIII, Desiccated Thyroid Glands).—The thyroid glands of animals which are used for food by man, freed from connective tissue and fat, dried and powdered. Should contain about 0.2 per cent. of iodine.

A yellowish powder, with a slight characteristic odor.

Action and Uses: Used in thyroid deficiency; sometimes in obesity, in which it may be harmful.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

TINCTURAE, TINCTURES.—Tinctures with few exceptions are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic extractive preparations of vegetable drugs. The tinctures of potent drugs represent uniformly 10 Gm. of drug in 100 Cc. of the preparation, while tinctures of less potent drugs vary in strength but represent usually 20 Gm. of drug in 100 Cc. of the preparation. For the official tinctures see under the names of the respective drugs. For Tinctura Amara, see under Gentiana; for Tinctura Antiperiodica and Tinctura Antiperiodica sine Aloe, under Quininae Bisulphas; for Tinctura Aromatica, under Cinnamomum Saigonicum; for Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii and for Tinctura Pectoralis, under Opium.

TINCTURAE AETHEREAE, ETHEREAL TINCTURES, N.F.—When not otherwise directed, ethereal tinctures are to be prepared representing 10 per cent. drug strength, extracted with a mixture of alcohol and ether. Of doubtful advantage over ordinary tinctures.

TINCTURAE MEDICAMENTORUM RECENTIUM, TINCTURES OF FRESH DRUGS, N.F. (Tincturae Herbarum Recentium, U.S.P. VIII).—When not otherwise directed, tinctures of fresh drugs are to be prepared by extracting 50 Gm. of the fresh drug with alcohol to make 100 Cc.

TOXITABELLAE, POISON TABLETS.—Tablets containing poisons.

*Tragacantha (Trag.), Tragacanth, U.S.P. (Gum Tragacanth).—Mixed with 50 parts of distilled water, forms a smooth, nearly uniform, stiff, opalescent mucilage.

Action and Uses: Demulcent and ingredient in emulsions.

Glyceritum Tragacanthae (Glycer. Trag.), Glycerite of Tragacanth, N.F.—Tragacanth (about 10%) in glycerin and water.

Mucilago Tragacanthae (Mucil. Trag.), Mucilage of Tragacanth, U.S.P.—Tragacanth (6%) in glycerin (18%) and water.

Trifolium (Trifol.), Trifolium, N.F. (Red Clover Blossoms).

Action and Uses: Inert. Has been used in antisyphilitic and alterative compounds; also as an expectorant.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Trifolii (Fldext. Trifol.), Fluidextract of Trifolium, N.F.—Trifolium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Trillium (Trill.), Trillium, N.F. (Beth Root).—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Obsolete, formerly used as astringent and tonic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Trillii (Fldext. Trill.), Fluidextract of Trillium, N.F.—Trillium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Trinitrophenol (Trinitrophen.), Trinitrophenol, U.S.P. (Picric Acid).

Pale yellow, odorless crystals, having an intensely bitter taste, and exploding when heated rapidly and when subjected to percussion. Trinitrophenol stains the skin an intense, permanent yellow. Soluble in water (1:78), and in alcohol (1:12).

Action and Uses: For the dressing of burns. Internally is highly toxic, producing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and stains the skin and mucous membranes a yellow color, simulating jaundice.

Dosage: Externally as saturated watery solution or as ointment.

Triticum (Tritic.), Triticum, U.S.P. (Couch Grass, Dog Grass).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Formerly exploited as a diuretic in cystitis and irritable bladder. Now seldom employed.

Dosage: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Tritici (Fldext. Tritic.), Fluidextract of Triticum, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Couch Grass).—Triticum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

TRITURATIONES, TRITURATIONS.—Mixtures containing active drugs in powder form; prepared by mixing the substance (10%) with powdered sugar of milk. For the official trituration see Trituratio Elaterini, U.S.P., under Elaterinum.

TROCHISCI, TROCHES (Lozenges).—Tablets intended to be dissolved in the mouth for their local effect on the mucous membrane of the mouth and the throat. For the official troches see under the names of the principal ingredients.

Ulmus (Ulmus), Elm, U.S.P. (Elm Bark, Slippery Elm).—The inner bark.

Action and Uses: Obsolete demulcent.

Trochisci Ulmi (Troch. Ulmi), Troches of Elm, N.F.—Each troche contains elm, tragacanth, sugar and methyl salicylate.

Uses: Demulcent expectorant.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

UNGUENTA, OINTMENTS.—Soft, fatty solids, of such consistency that they are readily spread at ordinary temperatures. For the official ointments, see under the names of the respective principal constituents. For Unguentum, see under Adeps; for Unguentum Diachylon, under Plumbi Oxidum, and for Unguentum Fuscum, under Camphora.

Uranii Nitras (Uran. Nit.), Uranium Nitrate, U.S.P. (Uranyl Nitrate).—UO₂(NO₃)₂ + 6H₂O.

Light, yellow, odorless, somewhat efflorescent, radioactive crystals, having a bitter astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.2); also soluble in alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Has been used, without adequate justification, in the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Solutions are poisonous and produce glucosuria when injected subcutaneously, even in small doses.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), best administered in simple solutions. Use with caution.

Uva Ursi (Uva Ursi), Uva Ursi, U.S.P. (Bearberry).—Leaves.

Action and Uses: Mild and slightly antiseptic diuretic used especially in vesical catarrh. Less effective than santal oil.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Uvae Ursi (Fldext. Uvae Ursi), Fluidextract of Uva Ursi, U.S.P.—Uva ursi (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Valeriana (Valer.), Valerian, U.S.P.—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Used as “antispasmodic” and “nerve sedative” in hysteria and other nervous excitations. Its influence is largely psychic, owing to its strong, persistent odor.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Valerianae (Fldext. Valer.), Fluidextract of Valerian, N.F.—Valerian (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Valerianae (Tr. Valer.), Tincture of Valerian, U.S.P.—Valerian (20%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata (Tr. Valer. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian, U.S.P.—Valerian (20%) in aromatic spirit of ammonia. Absolute alcohol content about 64 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Vanilla (Vanilla), Vanilla, N.F. (Vanilla Bean).—Cured fruit.

Action and Uses: Flavoring.

Tinctura Vanillae (Tr. Vanill.), Tincture of Vanilla, N.F.—Vanilla, sugar and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Vanillinum (Vanillin.), Vanillin, U.S.P.—The odorous principle of vanilla, sometimes prepared synthetically.

Fine, white or nearly white, crystalline needles having the odor and taste of vanilla. Soluble in water (1:100) and freely soluble in alcohol or glycerin.

Action and Uses: Used only as a flavoring.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

Elixir Vanillini Compositum (Elix. Vanil. Co.), Compound Elixir of Vanillin, N.F.—Compound spirit of vanillin (2%), alcohol, glycerin, syrup, tincture of caramel and water. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

Spiritus Vanillini Compositus (Sp. Vanil. Co.), Compound Spirit of Vanillin, N.F.—Vanillin, oil of orange, oil of cardamom, oil of cinnamon and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Veratrina (Veratrin.), Veratrine, U.S.P. (Veratria).—A mixture of alkaloids from sabadilla seeds.

White or nearly white, odorless powder, intensely irritating to the nasal mucous membrane. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1760) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.8).

Action and Uses: In its action on peripheral nerve endings, it is said to resemble aconite, but has no material advantage over the latter. Has been applied (in an ointment) as analgesic in neuralgia. It is highly toxic, and caution should be observed in its use, especially where the skin is broken.

Oleatum Veratrinae (Oleat. Veratrin.), Oleate of Veratrine, N.F.—Veratrine (2%) in oleic acid and olive oil.

Unguentum Veratrinae (Ung. Veratrin.), Veratrine Ointment, N.F.—Veratrine (4%) in expressed oil of almond and benzoinated lard.

Veratrum Viride (Verat. Vir.), Veratrum Viride, U.S.P. (Green Hellebore, American Hellebore).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Slows the heart and lowers blood pressure. The tincture has been recommended especially in eclampsia, but is now little used.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Veratri Viridis (Fldext. Verat. Vir.), Fluidextract of Veratrum Viride, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Green Hellebore).—Veratrum viride (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Veratri Viridis (Tr. Verat. Vir.), Tincture of Veratrum Viride, U.S.P.—Veratrum viride (10%). Absolute alcohol content about 91 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.)

Verbasci Flores (Verbasc. Flor.), Mullein Flowers, N.F.—Corollas with stamens.

Action and Uses: Demulcent, without advantage over acacia, elm, etc.

Dosage: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (N.F.).

Verbasci Folia (Verbasc. Fol.), Mullein Leaves, N.F.

Action and Uses: Same as those of the flowers.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Verbasci Foliae [should be Foliorum] (Fldext. Verbasc. Fol.), Fluidextract of Mullein Leaves, N.F.—Mullein leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Verbena (Verben.), Verbena, N.F. (Blue Vervain).—Plant deprived of its root.

Action and Uses: Obsolete; said to be tonic, emetic, expectorant and diaphoretic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Verbenae (Fldext. Verben.), Fluidextract of Verbena, N.F.—Verbena (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Viburnum Opulus (Viburn. Opul.), Viburnum Opulus, N.F. (Crampbark, High Bush Cranberry Bark).

Action and Uses: Slightly bitter; practically inert; was recommended as tonic, antispasmodic and alterative. The market supply is said to have been spurious for many years, consisting of mountain maple (Acer spicatum).

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Viburni Opuli Compositum (Elix. Viburn. Opul. Co.), Compound Elixir of Viburnum Opulus, N.F. (Compound Elixir of Crampbark).—Fluidextract of viburnum opulus (7.5%), fluidextract of trillium (15%), fluidextract of aletris (7.5%) and compound elixir of taraxacum. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Uses: An inefficient mixture sold for use in “female weakness.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Viburni Opuli (Fldext. Viburn. Opul.), Fluidextract of Viburnum Opulus, N.F.—Viburnum opulus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Viburni Opuli Composita (Tr. Viburn. Opul. Co.), Compound Tincture of Viburnum, N.F.—Viburnum opulus (3.5%), dioscorea (3.5%) and scutellaria (1%), with clove and Saigon cinnamon in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Uses: Irrational mixture used in menstrual disorders.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Viburnum Prunifolium (Viburn. Prun.), Viburnum Prunifolium, U.S.P. (Black Haw, Viburnum).—The dried bark.

Action and Uses: Has had considerable vogue as a “uterine sedative,” in dysmenorrhea and habitual abortion. There is no good evidence that it has any action.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Viburni Prunifolii (Elix. Viburn. Prun.), Elixir of Viburnum Prunifolium, N.F. (Elixir of Black Haw).—Fluidextract of viburnum prunifolium (12.5%), compound tincture of cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per cent.

Uses: An objectionable alcoholic preparation of viburnum.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Extractum Viburni Prunifolii (Ext. Viburn. Prun.), Extract of Viburnum Prunifolium, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Viburnum Prunifolium).—One Gm. extract represents 5 Gm. viburnum prunifolium.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Viburni Prunifolii (Fldext. Viburn. Prun.), Fluidextract of Viburnum Prunifolium, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Black Haw).—Viburnum prunifolium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

VINA, WINES.—Medicated wines are solutions of active medicaments or the active constituents of drugs in wine. For the official wines, see under the names of the respective principal constituents.

Vinum Xericum (Vin. Xeric.), Sherry Wine, N.F.—An alcoholic liquid made by fermenting the juice of fresh ripe grapes, the fruit of cultivated varieties of Vitis, freed from seeds, stems and skins, and fortifying with pure grape brandy. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Action and Uses: Sherry wine has the action of alcohol.

*Virus Vaccinicum (Virus Vaccin.), Vaccine Virus, U.S.P. (Glycerinated Vaccine Virus, Smallpox Vaccine, Jennerian Vaccine).—Prepared from the pustules of vaccinia from vaccinated cattle. The product must comply with the requirements established by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States through the United States Public Health Service.

Uses: Prophylactic vaccination against smallpox.

Xanthoxylum (Xanthox.), Xanthoxylum, U.S.P. (Prickly Ash Bark).

Action and Uses: Bitter, without special advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Xanthoxyli (Fldext. Xanthox.), Fluidextract of Xanthoxylum, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Prickly Ash).—Xanthoxylum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Xanthoxylum Fructus (Xanthox. Fruct.), Prickly Ash Berries, N.F.

Action and Uses: Obsolete and probably worthless; has been used as stimulant, tonic, alterative, diaphoretic, sialagogue and carminative.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Zea (Zea), Zea, N.F. (Corn Silk).

Action and Uses: Probably valueless. Has been used in inflammatory conditions of the bladder.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Zeae (Fldext. Zea.), Fluidextract of Zea, N.F.—Zea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Zedoaria (Zedoar.), Zedoary, N.F.—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Practically the same as those of ginger, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Zedoariae Amara (Tr. Zedoar. Amar.), Bitter Tincture of Zedoary, N.F. (Compound Tincture of Zedoary).—Zedoary (25%), aloes (12.5%), rhubarb (6.2%), gentian (6.2%), agaric (6.2%) and saffron (6.2%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Uses: Bitter stomachic and laxative; needlessly complex and without special advantage over compound tincture of gentian.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Zinci Acetas (Zinc. Acet.), Zinc Acetate, U.S.P.—Zn(C₂H₃O₂)₂ + 2H₂O.

Soft white crystals, having a faint vinegar odor and, in dilute solutions, an astringent metallic taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.3), and soluble in alcohol (1:30).

Action and Uses: Used locally, like zinc sulphate, being somewhat less powerful.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Zinci Carbonas Praecipitatus (Zinc. Carb. Praec.), Precipitated Zinc Carbonate, U.S.P.

Impalpable, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to, but without advantage over zinc oxide.

*Zinci Chloridum (Zinc Chlor.), Zinc Chloride, U.S.P.—ZnCl₂.

White or nearly white, granular powder, porcelain-like masses or molded pencils, odorless, very deliquescent and intensely caustic. Very soluble in water (1:0.25) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

Action and Uses: Antiseptic, astringent and escharotic.

*Liquor Zinci Chloridi (Liq. Zinc. Chlor.), Solution of Zinc Chloride, U.S.P.—ZnCl₂ (about 50 per cent.).

*Zinci Oxidum (Zinc. Oxid.), Zinc Oxide, U.S.P.—ZnO.

Fine, white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic and astringent, widely used either alone or in combination with other substances as a dusting powder and as a protective and sedative in ointments.

Glycerogelatinum Zinci Durum (Glycerogel. Zinc. Dur.), Firm Zinc Glycerogelatin, N.F.—Zinc oxide (10%) in water, glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.

Glycerogelatinum Zinci Molle (Glycerogel. Zinc. Mol.), Soft Zinc Glycerogelatin, N.F.—Zinc oxide (10%) in water, glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.

Mulla Zinci (Mull. Zinc.), Zinc Mull, N.F. (Unguentum Zinci Extensum, N.F. III).—Zinc oxide (10%) in benzoinated suet and benzoinated lard.

Pasta Zinci (Past. Zinc.), Zinc Paste, N.F. (Lassar’s Zinc Paste).—Zinc oxide (24%), salicylic acid (2%), starch and petrolatum.

Pasta Zinci Mollis (Past. Zinc. Moll.), Soft Zinc Paste, N.F. (Unna’s Soft Zinc Paste).—Zinc oxide (25%), precipitated calcium carbonate, linseed oil and solution of calcium hydroxide.

Pasta Zinci Sulphurata (Past. Zinc. Sulphur.), Sulphurated Zinc Paste, N.F. (Unna’s Sulphurated Zinc Paste).—Zinc oxide (15%), precipitated sulphur (10%), purified siliceous earth and benzoinated lard.

*Unguentum Zinci Oxidi (Ung. Zinc. Ox.), Ointment of Zinc Oxide, U.S.P. (Zinc Ointment).—Zinc oxide (20%) in benzoinated lard.

Zinci Phenolsulphonas (Zinc. Phenolsulph.), Zinc Phenolsulphonate, U.S.P. (Zinc Sulphocarbolate).—The hydrated salt.

Colorless, odorless crystals or granules having an astringent, metallic taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.6), and in alcohol (1:1.8).

Action and Uses: Similar to, but less active than zinc sulphate, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains.

*Zinci Stearas (Zinc. Stear.), Zinc Stearate, U.S.P.—Chiefly zinc stearate and palmitate.

Fine, bulky, white, tasteless powder, having a faint characteristic odor. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to, but without special advantage over zinc oxide.

Unguentum Zinci Stearatis (Ung. Zinc. Stear.), Ointment of Zinc Stearate, N.F.—Zinc stearate (50%) in white petrolatum.

Uses: Without advantage over the oxide.

*Zinci Sulphas (Zinc. Sulph.), Zinc Sulphate, U.S.P.—ZnSO₄ + 7H₂O.

Colorless, transparent crystals or granular powder, odorless and having an astringent, metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and freely soluble in glycerin (1:2.5); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Astringent, styptic and emetic. Much used in eye washes and especially effective in that form of conjunctivitis caused by the Morax-Axenfeld bacillus.

Dosage: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in diluted solution. Locally, 0.1 to 1 per cent. in collyria; 0.5 to 4 per cent. in injections (gonorrhea).

Liquor Zinci et Alumini Compositus (Liq. Zinc. et Alumin. Co.), Compound Solution of Zinc and Aluminum, N.F.—Zinc sulphate (20%), aluminum sulphate (20%), betanaphthol (0.06%) with oil of thyme in water.

Uses: Needlessly complex astringent and antiseptic.

Liquor Zinci et Ferri Compositus (Liq. Zinc. et Ferr. Co.), Compound Solution of Zinc and Iron, N.F. (Deodorant Solution).—Zinc sulphate (20%), ferrous sulphate (20%), copper sulphate (6.5%), betanaphthol (0.06%) with oil of thyme and hypophosphorous acid in water.

Uses: Needlessly complex antiseptic mixture.

Pulvis Antisepticus (Pulv. Antisept.), Soluble Antiseptic Powder, N.F. (Pulvis Antisepticus Solubilis).—Zinc sulphate (12.5%), salicylic acid (0.5%), phenol, eucalyptol, menthol and thymol (each 0.1%) and boric acid.

Uses: Needlessly complex antiseptic mixture.

Zinci Valeras (Zinc. Valer.), Zinc Valerate, U.S.P. (Zinc Valerianate).