Front matter (continued 2)

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative. Similar to anise and fennel.

*Caryophyllus (Caryoph.), Clove, U.S.P. (Cloves).

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative and counterirritant.

Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens (Pulv. Arom. Rubefac.), Rubefacient Spice Powder, N.F. (Replacing Emplastrum Aromaticum, N.F. III).—Clove, Saigon cinnamon, ginger and capsicum.

*Cascara Sagrada (Case. Sagr.), Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Rhamnus Purshiana, U.S.P. VIII).—A bark.

Action and Uses: Laxative, acting mainly on the colon. Widely used for habitual constipation. Has little tendency to produce secondary constipation.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cascarae Sagradae (Elix. Cascar. Sagr.), Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F. (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae, N.F. III).—Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada (50%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Cascarae Sagradae Compositum (Elix. Cascar. Sagr. Co.), Compound Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F. (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae Co., N.F. III, Laxative Elixir).—Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada (12.5%), fluidextract of senna (7.5%), fluidextract of juglans (6.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 24 per cent.

Uses: Needlessly complicated laxative.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Extractum Cascarae Sagradae (Ext. Cascar. Sagr.), Extract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Extractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P. VIII, Powdered Extract of Cascara Sagrada).—One Gm. extract represents 3 Gm. cascara sagrada.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr.), Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P. VIII).—Cascara sagrada (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent. Bitter, unpleasant taste.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr. Arom.), Aromatic Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum, U.S.P. VIII).—Sweetened and flavored fluidextract. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent. Not so bitter, but less effective than the plain fluidextract.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr.), Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F.—Cascara sagrada (100%) in water and glycerin.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr. Arom.), Aromatic Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F.—Cascara sagrada (75%) and fluidglycerate of glycyrrhiza (25%) with oils of fennel, clove and cinnamon, in water and glycerin.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Cascarilla (Cascarill.), Cascarilla, N.F. (Sweetwood Bark, Sweet Bark).

Action and Uses: Aromatic bitter, without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Cassia Fistula (Cass. Fist.), Cassia Fistula, N.F. (Purging Cassia).—Dried fruit.

Action and Uses: Obsolete laxative, without advantage over senna.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Castanea (Castan.), Castanea, N.F. (Chestnut Leaves).

Action and Uses: Astringent; no definite indications for its use.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Castaneae (Fldext. Castan.), Fluidextract of Chestnut Leaves, N.F.—Chestnut leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

CATAPLASMATA, POULTICES.—Poultices are soft solid preparations used for the purpose of applying heat and moisture to localized areas of the body. Poultices may also be made the means of applying counterirritant drugs.

Cataria (Catar.), Catnep, N.F. (Catmint).—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative, without advantage over peppermint.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Catariae (Fldext. Catar.), Fluidextract of Catnep, N.F.—Catnep (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Caulophyllum (Caulophyl.), Caulophyllum, N.F. (Blue Cohosh, Papoose Root, Squaw Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Said to be diuretic and emmenagogue; has not been adequately studied.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Caulophylli (Fldext. Caulophyl.), Fluidextract of Caulophyllum, N.F.—Caulophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Centaurium (Centaur.), Centaury, N.F.—Flowering plant.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic; without advantage over gentian. Also used in “female remedies,” but probably useless.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

*Cera Alba (Cer. Alb.), White Wax, U.S.P.—Yellow wax bleached.

Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of emollient ointments, and to raise the melting point of mixtures of oils and fats.

Ceratum (Cerat.), Cerate, U.S.P. (Simple Cerate).—White wax (30%) and benzoinated lard.

*Cera Flava (Cer. Flav.), Yellow Wax, U.S.P. (Beeswax).

Action and Uses: Used in the making of plasters and of ointments in which the color is not objectionable.

CERATAE, CERATES.—Cerates are solid ointment-like preparations containing wax to prevent them from becoming soft at ordinary room temperature.

Cerevisiae Fermentum Compressum (Cerev. Ferm. Compr.), Compressed Yeast, N.F.—The commercial compressed yeast.

Action and Uses: For use in making fermented milk (Lac Fermentatum), which see under Lac Vaccinum.

Cerii Oxalas (Cerii Oxal.), Cerium Oxalate, U.S.P.—A mixture of the oxalates of cerium, didymium, lanthanum, and other associated elements.

White or pinkish, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water, alcohol and ether.

Action and Uses: Formerly used for the treatment of chronic vomiting but probably without value.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.), in powders, cachets or capsules.

Cetaceum (Cetac.), Spermaceti, U.S.P.—A solid fat from the sperm whale.

White, nearly odorless, unctuous masses, with a bland, mild taste. Insoluble in water and nearly insoluble in cold alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a component of cerates and cold creams.

CHARTAE, PAPERS.—Papers are pieces of unsized paper saturated with or pieces of hard-surfaced papers coated with a medicinal substance.

Chimaphila (Chimaph.), Chimaphila, N.F. (Pipsissewa).—Leaves.

Action and Uses: Obsolete; no definite indications for its use. Has been described as “tonic, astringent, diuretic.”

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Chimaphilae (Fldext. Chimaphil.), Fluidextract of Chimaphila, N.F.—Chimaphila (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Chionanthus (Chionanth.), Chionanthus, N.F. (Fringe Tree Bark).—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Obsolete; no definite indications for its use. Formerly used by eclectics and homeopaths in hepatic disorders and syphilis.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Chionanthi (Fldext. Chionanth.), Fluidextract of Chionanthus, N.F.—Chionanthus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Chirata (Chirat.), Chirata, N.F. (Chiretta).—Plant.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic, similar to and without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Chiratae (Fldext. Chirat.), Fluidextract of Chirata, N.F.—Chirata (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Chloral Camphoratum (Chloral Camph.), Camphorated Chloral, N.F.—Equal parts of hydrated chloral and camphor.

An oily liquid with a camphoraceous odor.

Action and Uses: Local rubefacient and analgesic.

*Chloralum Hydratum (Chloral. Hydrat.), Hydrated Chloral, U.S.P. (“Chloral,” Chloral Hydrate).—CCl₃.CHO + H₂O.

Colorless, transparent crystals, with an aromatic, penetrating odor and a bitterish, caustic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.25) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

Action and Uses: A reliable hypnotic in moderate doses, inducing a condition closely resembling that of normal sleep. Used for the relief of insomnia and nervousness, and for the control of convulsions and spasms. Should be used with special caution in cases of weakened heart or blood vessels. Continued use is likely to produce a habit.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution. Decomposed by alkalies; should not be dispensed in liquids containing both bromides and alcohol.

Mistura Chloralis et Potassii Bromidi Composita (Mist. Chloral. et Pot. Brom. Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloral and Potassium Bromide, N.F. (Chloral and Bromide Compound).—Hydrated chloral (20%), potassium bromide (20%), extract of hyoscyamus (0.2%) in water. The formula calls for cannabis but this is filtered out.

Uses: Similar in composition to the widely advertised nostrum Bromidia and equally irrational and objectionable.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Chloroformum (Chlorof.), Chloroform, U.S.P.—CHCl₃.

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a burning, sweet taste. Slightly soluble (1:210) in water and miscible with alcohol, ether, petroleum benzin or fixed or volatile oils. Decomposed by alkalies.

Action and Uses: General anesthetic, administered by inhalation. Locally, a penetrating and fairly powerful irritant. Frequently used in the form of liniments. Taken by mouth in small doses, carminative, anodyne and antiseptic. Larger doses are anthelmintic but dangerous. A direct cardiac depressant.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

*Aqua Chloroformi (Aq. Chlorof.), Chloroform Water, U.S.P.—A saturated solution of chloroform in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

*Linimentum Chloroformi (Lin. Chlorof.), Chloroform Liniment, U.S.P.—A mixture of chloroform (30%) and soap liniment. Fairly active counterirritant.

Mistura Chloroformi et Morphinae Composita (Mist. Chlorof. et Morph. Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloroform and Morphine, N.F. (Mistura Chloroformi et Cannabis Indicae Composita, N.F. III, Chloroform Anodyne).—Morphine sulphate (0.25%), chloroform (12.5%), ether (3.25%), tincture of cannabis (18.5%), tincture of capsicum, oil of peppermint, glycerin, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Uses: An evident imitation of the nostrum sold as chloranodyne, and equally irrational and objectionable.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Petroxolinum Chloroformi Camphoratum (Petrox. Chlorof. Camph.), Camphorated Chloroform Petroxolin, N.F. (Camphor and Chloroform Petrox).—Chloroform (25%), camphor (25%) and liquid petroxolin.

*Spiritus Chloroformi (Sp. Chlorof.), Spirit of Chloroform, U.S.P.—Chloroform (6%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Chlorum, Chlorine.—Cl.

Liquor Chlori Compositus (Liq. Chlor. Co.), Compound Solution of Chlorine, N.F. (Chlorine Water).—A solution containing chlorine, oxides of chlorine and hydrochloric acid made by treating potassium chlorate with hydrochloric acid and dissolving the gases produced in water.

Uses: Antiseptic.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Chondrus (Chondrus), Chondrus, U.S.P. (Irish Moss, Carrageen).—Plant.

Action and Uses: Demulcent and lubricant, possessing no advantages over other gums, acacia, for instance.

Gelatinum Chondri (Gelat. Chondr.), Chondrus Gelatin, N.F. (Irish Moss Gelatin).—Obtained by extraction with hot water and evaporation to semifluid consistency.

Mucilago Chondri (Mucil. Chondr.), Mucilage of Chondrus, N.F. (Mucilage of Irish Moss).—Chondrus (3%) in water.

*Chromii Trioxidum (Chrom. Triox.), Chromium Trioxide, U.S.P. (“Chromic Acid,” Chromic Anhydride).—CrO₃.

Dark purplish-red, odorless, deliquescent crystals. Very soluble in water (1:0.6). Decomposes, sometimes with dangerous violence, when brought into contact with organic solvents like alcohol and glycerin. Incompatible with most organic substances.

Action and Uses: A powerful oxidizing agent and caustic. Its action is somewhat difficult to control.

*Chrysarobinum (Chrysarob.), Chrysarobin, U.S.P.—Neutral principles from Goa powder.

Brownish to orange-yellow, tasteless, odorless powder, irritating to the mucous membrane. Slightly soluble in alcohol (1:385), soluble in chloroform (1:12.5) and very slightly soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic and antiparasitic; a powerful irritant to the skin, used chiefly in the treatment of psoriasis, trichophytosis and alopecia areata.

*Unguentum Chrysarobini (Ung. Chrysarobin.), Chrysarobin Ointment, U.S.P.—Chrysarobin (6%) in benzoinated lard.

Cimicifuga (Cimicif.), Cimicifuga, U.S.P. (Black Snake-root, Black Cohosh, Macrotys).—A rhizome.

Action and Uses: One of the class of “domestic medicines” that were tried for a great variety of conditions (used as “stomachic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant”), but which have not been found to possess definite value.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Cimicifugae (Ext. Cimicif.), Extract of Cimicifuga, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Cimicifuga).—One Gm. extract represents 4 Gm. cimicifuga.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Cimicifuga (Fldext. Cimicif.), Fluidextract of Cimicifuga, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Black Cohosh, Fluidextract of Black Snakeroot).—Cimicifuga (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Cimicifugae Compositus (Syr. Cimicif. Co.), Compound Syrup of Cimicifuga, N.F. (Syrupus Actaeae Compositus, N.F. III, Compound Syrup of Actaea).—Fluidextract of cimicifuga (4%), fluidextract of senega (2%), fluidextract of ipecac (1%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, wild cherry, sugar and water. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Uses: Complex expectorant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Cimicifugae (Tr. Cimicif.), Tincture of Cimicifuga, N.F.—Cimicifuga (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Cinchona (Cinch.), Cinchona, U.S.P. (Yellow Cinchona, Calisaya Bark, Yellow Peruvian Bark).—Yields not less than 5 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Astringent bitter tonic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum.—See under Quininae Sulphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri.—See under Ferri Phosphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae.—See under Strychninae Sulphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi.—See under Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis.—See under Calcii Lactophosphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini.—See under Pepsinum.

Extractum Cinchonae (Ext. Cinchon.), Extract of Cinchona, N.F.—A hydroalcoholic extract diluted with glucose, yielding about 24 per cent. of cinchona alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Cinchonae (Fldext. Cinchon.), Fluidextract of Cinchona, U.S.P.—Cinchona (100%) yielding about 4.5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Cinchonae Aquosum (Fldext. Cinchon. Aq.), Aqueous Fluidextract of Cinchona, N.F.—Cinchona (100%), yielding about 5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Infusum Cinchonae (Inf. Cinchon.), Infusion of Cinchona, N.F.—Cinchona (6%), aromatic sulphuric acid (1%) and water.

Dosage: 50 Cc. or 12 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Tinctura Cinchonae (Tr. Cinch.), Tincture of Cinchona, U.S.P.—Cinchona (20%), yielding about 0.9 per cent. of alkaloids; in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Cinchona Rubra (Cinch. Rub.), Red Cinchona, U.S.P. (Red Peruvian Bark).—Yields not less than 5 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Identical with those of cinchona. Used as ingredient of the compound tincture of cinchona.

*Tinctura Cinchonae Composita (Tr. Cinch. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cinchona, U.S.P.—Red cinchona (10%), yielding about 0.45 per cent. of cinchona alkaloids, serpentaria (2%) and bitter orange peel, in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 64 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic astringent bitter, of high alcoholic content; superfluous.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Cinchonidinae Sulphas (Cinchonid. Sulph.), Cinchonidine Sulphate, U.S.P.—The sulphate of the alkaloid cinchonidine, obtained from cinchona bark.

White, glistening, odorless needles with a very bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:65) and in alcohol (1:90).

Action and Uses: Formerly used as a cheap substitute for quinine sulphate, over which it possesses no advantage, being less efficient and more convulsant.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

Cinchoninae Sulphas (Cinchonin. Sulph.), Cinchonine Sulphate, U.S.P.—The sulphate of the alkaloid cinchonine, obtained from cinchona bark.

White, lustrous, odorless crystals with a very bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:60) and in alcohol (1:12.5).

Action and Uses: Similar to those of cinchonidine sulphate.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

*Cinnamomum Saigonicum (Cinnam. Saigon.), Saigon Cinnamon, U.S.P.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Carminative, antiseptic, somewhat astringent, occasionally administered in diarrhea.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in powder.

Fluidextractum Aromaticum (Fldext. Aromat.), Aromatic Fluidextract, U.S.P.—Aromatic powder (100%), extracted with alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Aromaticus (Pulv. Arom.), Aromatic Powder, U.S.P.—Saigon cinnamon, Jamaica ginger, cardamom seed and nutmeg.

Uses: Carminative.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus (Pulv. Cret. Arom.), Aromatic Powder of Chalk, N.F.—Saigon cinnamon, nutmeg, clove, cardamom seed, prepared chalk and sugar.

Uses: Antidiarrheic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Cinnamomi (Syr. Cinnam.), Syrup of Cinnamon, N.F.—Saigon cinnamon, alcohol and syrup.

Uses: Flavoring vehicle.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Aromatica (Tr. Arom.), Aromatic Tincture, N.F.—Saigon cinnamon, Jamaica ginger, galangal, clove, cardamom seed, extracted with a mixture of alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic carminative, complex and without special advantage over other carminatives, as, for instance, tincture of cardamom.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Cinnamomi (Tr. Cinnam.), Tincture of Cinnamon, U.S.P.—Saigon cinnamon in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Cinnam. Zeylan.), Ceylon Cinnamon, U.S.P.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Same as those of Saigon cinnamon.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Cocaina (Cocain.), Cocaine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from coca leaves.

Large colorless prisms or a white powder; odorless. Slightly soluble in water (1:600) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5) and in chloroform (1:0.7).

Action and Uses: A local anesthetic, paralyzing the peripheral sensory nerves and also contracting the blood vessels. Acute systemic poisoning is often caused by its local use on mucous membranes. Stimulant to the central nervous system, but such use is inadvisable because of danger of habit-formation.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Cocainae (Oleat. Cocain.), Oleate of Cocaine, N.F.—Cocaine (5%) in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.

*Cocainae Hydrochloridum (Cocain. Hydrochl.), Cocaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Cocaine Chloride, Cocainum Hydrochloricum, P.I.).

Colorless crystals, flaky leaflets or a white powder; odorless. Freely soluble in water (1:0.4) and in alcohol (1:3.2), and soluble in chloroform (1:12.5). Incompatible with borax, mercuric chloride, alkalies and alkali carbonates, phenol, tannic acid, mercuric oxide, and soluble silver salts.

Action and Uses: Local anesthetic.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). For local anesthesia in 0.2 to 1.0 per cent. solution when used hypodermatically, and in 1 to 4 per cent. solution when applied to mucous membranes.

Cocculus Indicus (Coccul. Ind.), Cocculus Indicus, N.F. (Fish Berry, Indian Berry).—A fruit.

Action and Uses: Source of picrotoxin. An alcoholic extract has been used for destroying pediculi.

Tinctura Cocculi Indici (Tr. Coccul. Ind.), Tincture of Cocculus Indicus, N.F.—Cocculus indicus (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Coccus (Coccus), Cochineal, U.S.P.—A dried insect.

Action and Uses: Coloring agent.

Liquor Cocci (Liq. Cocci), Cochineal Color, N.F.—A glycerin-alcohol-water solution of cochineal.

Cocillana (Cocillan.), Cocillana, N.F.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Nauseant expectorant, similar to but without advantage over ipecac. The proprietary syrup contains heroin.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Cocillanae (Fldext. Cocillan.), Fluidextract of Cocillana, N.F.—Cocillana (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Codeina (Codein.), Codeine, U.S.P. (Methylmorphine).—An alkaloid obtained from opium, or prepared from morphine by methylation.

Colorless, translucent prisms or a white powder; odorless. Slightly soluble in water (1:120) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2) and in chloroform (1:0.5).

Action and Uses: Analgesic, hypnotic and sedative. It is perhaps the best modification of morphine for use in coughs. As compared with morphine it is less constipating and less apt to induce a drug habit. The phosphate and sulphate are preferred for hypodermic use.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae (Elix. Terpin. Hyd. et Codein.), Elixir of Terpin Hydrate and Codeine, N.F.—Codeine (0.2%) and elixir of terpin hydrate. Absolute alcohol content about 42 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.). This dose contains about 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain of codeine, and about 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains of terpin hydrate.

*Codeinae Phosphas (Codein. Phos.), Codeine Phosphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless, efflorescent powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2.3) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:325).

Action and Uses: Same as those of codeine; preferred for hypodermic use.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Codeinae Sulphas (Codein. Sulph.), Codeine Sulphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless, efflorescent crystals or powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and very slightly soluble in alcohol (1:1280).

Action and Uses: Same as those of codeine. Preferred for hypodermic injections.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Codeinae (Syr. Codein.), Syrup of Codeine, N.F.—Codeine sulphate (0.2%) and syrup.

Uses: Superfluous.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Coffea Tosta (Coff. Tost.), Coffee, N.F. (Roasted Coffee).

Action and Uses: Beverage and flavor.

Fluidextractum Coffeae (Fldext. Coff.), Fluidextract of Coffee, N.F. (Fluidextractum Coffeae Tostae, N.F. III).—Coffee (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Colchici Cormus (Colch. Corm.), Colchicum Corm, U.S.P. (Colchicum Root).—Yields not less than 0.35 per cent. of colchicine.

Action and Uses: Said to be antineuralgic and analgesic; frequently used in the treatment of acute gouty attacks and to some extent to ward off such attacks. Full doses produce watery stools and abdominal pains.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills; or preferably as the tincture.

Extractum Colchici Cormi (Ext. Colch. Corm.), Extract of Colchicum Corm, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Colchicum Corm).—One Gm. extract represents 4 Gm. colchicum corm and yields about 1.4 per cent. of colchicine.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Colchici Cormi (Fldext. Colch. Corm.), Fluidextract of Colchicum Corm, N.F.—Colchicum corm (100%), yielding about 0.35 per cent. of colchicine. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Vinum Colchici Cormi (Vin. Colchic. Corm.), Wine of Colchicum Corm, N.F.—Colchicum corm (40%) yielding about 0.14 per cent. of colchicine, in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

*Colchici Semen (Colch. Sem.), Colchicum Seed, U.S.P. (Colchici Semen P.I.).—Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of colchicine.

Action and Uses: Same as those of colchicum corm.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Colchici Seminis (Fldext. Colch. Sem.), Fluidextract of Colchicum Seed, U.S.P.—Colchicum seed (100%), yielding about 0.4 per cent. of colchicine. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Colchici Seminis (Tr. Colch. Sem.), Tincture of Colchicum Seed, U.S.P. (Colchici Tinctura P.I.).—Colchicum seed (10%), yielding about 0.04 per cent. of colchicine; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 56 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Vinum Colchici Seminis (Vin. Colch. Sem.), Wine of Colchicum Seed, N.F.—Fluidextract of colchicum seed (10%), yielding about 0.04 per cent. of colchicine; in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Colchicina (Colchicina), Colchicine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from colchicum.

Pale yellow, odorless scales or powder. Freely soluble in alcohol, soluble in water (1:22) and slightly soluble in ether (1:220).

Action and Uses: Same as those of colchicum corm.

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain.

COLLODIA, COLLODIONS.—Collodions are solutions of pyroxylin or soluble gun cotton with medicinal agents, for external application. For the official collodions see under the names of the principal ingredients. In particular, for Collodium, see under Pyroxylin; for Collodium Flexible, under Oleum Ricini; and for Collodium Stypticum, under Acidum Tannicum.

*Colocynthis (Colocyn.), Colocynth, U.S.P. (Colocynth Pulp, Bitter Apple, Colocynth Apple).

Action and Uses: A powerful irritant hydragogue cathartic. Because of its drastic nature it is rarely used alone. The various compound pills listed below are needlessly complex and therefore irrational. Because of their irritant character, they are especially unsuited for continued use.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

*Extractum Colocynthidis (Ext. Colocynth.), Extract of Colocynth, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Colocynth).—One Gm. of extract represents 4 Gm. of colocynth.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

*Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum (Ext. Colocynth. Co.), Compound Extract of Colocynth, U.S.P. (Powdered Compound Extract of Colocynth).—Extract of colocynth (16%), aloes (50%), resin of scammony (14%), cardamom seed and soap.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Catharticae Compositae (Pil. Cathart. Co.), Compound Cathartic Pills, U.S.P.—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.08 Gm. or 1-1/3 grains), mild mercurous chloride (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), resin of jalap (0.02 Gm. or 1/3 grain) and gamboge (0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain).

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles (Pil. Cathart. Veget.), Vegetable Cathartic Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), extract of hyoscyamus (0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain), resin of jalap (0.02 Gm. or 1/3 grain), extract of leptandra and resin of podophyllum (each 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain) with oil of peppermint.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Pilulae Colocynthidis Compositae (Pil. Colocynth. Co.), Compound Pills of Colocynth, N.F. (Pilulae Cocciae, Cochia Pills).—Each pill contains extract of colocynth (0.011 Gm. or 1/6 grain), aloes and resin of scammony (each 0.13 Gm. or 2 grains), with oil of clove.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami (Pil. Colocynth. et Hyoscy.), Pills of Colocynth and Hyoscyamus, N.F.—Each pill contains extract of colocynth (0.0065 Gm. or 1/10 grain), aloes, resin of scammony and extract of hyoscyamus (each 0.097 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) and oil of clove.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Colocynthidis et Podophylli (Pil. Colocynth. et Podoph.), Pills of Colocynth and Podophyllum, N.F.—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.162 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains) and resin of podophyllum (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain) with syrup.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum (Pil. Lax. Post Part.), Post Partum Laxative Pills, N.F. (Barker’s Post Partum Pills).—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.11 Gm. or 1-2/3 grains), Socotrine aloes (0.055 Gm. or 7/8 grain), extract of nux vomica (0.025 Gm. or 2/5 grain), resin of podophyllum and ipecac (each 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain) and extract of hyoscyamus (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Condurango (Conduran.), Condurango, N.F.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic, introduced especially for cancer cachexia, but without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Condurango (Fldext. Condurango), Fluidextract of Condurango, N.F.—Condurango (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

CONFECTIONES, CONFECTIONS (Conserves, Electuaries).—Soft, pasty solids consisting of active drugs mixed with sugar and honey.

Conium (Conium), Conium, N.F. (Poison Hemlock, Conium maculatum).—Unripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Source of coniine. Depresses the motor system, but has no definite therapeutic indication.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Extractum Conii (Ext. Conii), Extract of Conium, N.F.—A hydro-alcoholic extract diluted with glucose, yielding about 2 per cent. of coniine.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Conii (Fldext. Conii), Fluidextract of Conium, N.F.—Conium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Convallariae Flores (Convallar. Flor.), Convallaria Flowers, N.F. (Lily-of-the-Valley Flowers).

Action and Uses: Believed to act as a cardiac tonic, similar to digitalis, but unreliable.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Convallariae Florum (Fldext. Conval. Flor.), Fluidextract of Convallaria Flowers, N.F. (Fluidextractum Convallariae, N.F. III).—Convallaria flowers (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Convallariae Radix (Convallar. Rad.), Convallaria Root, N.F. (Lily-of-the-Valley Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Same as the flowers.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Convallariae Radicis (Fldext. Conval. Rad.), Fluidextract of Convallaria Root, N.F.—Convallaria root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

*Copaiba (Copaib.), Copaiba, U.S.P. (Balsam of Copaiba, Copaiva).—An oleoresin.

Pale yellow or brownish-yellow, viscid liquid, with an aromatic odor and a persistent, bitter, acrid taste. Insoluble in water and partly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: A mild but disagreeable irritant and diuretic. Used especially in the treatment of gonorrhea, but of doubtful efficiency. The copaiba mixtures as listed below were formerly widely used, but are disagreeable, irrational and usually inefficient.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Massa Copaibae (Mass. Copaib.), Mass of Copaiba, N.F. (Solidified Copaiba).—Copaiba solidified by combination with magnesium oxide.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Mistura Copaibae (Mist. Copaib.), Copaiba Mixture, N.F. (Lafayette Mixture).—Copaiba (12.5%), spirit of nitrous ether (12.5%), compound tincture of lavender, solution of potassium hydroxide in syrup and mucilage of acacia. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Mistura Copaibae et Opii (Mist. Copaib. et Opii), Mixture of Copaiba and Opium, N.F. (Chapman’s Mixture).—Copaiba (25%), tincture of opium (3.2%), spirit of nitrous ether (25%), and compound tincture of lavender in mucilage of acacia and water. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Coptis (Coptis), Coptis, N.F. (Goldthread).—Plant.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic, possessing no advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Coptis (Fldext. Copt.), Fluidextract of Coptis, N.F.—Coptis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

CORDIALES, CORDIALS.—Cordials are sweetened alcoholic liquids.

Coriandrum (Coriand.), Coriander, U.S.P. (Coriander Seeds).

Action and Uses: Aromatic and carminative.

Cornus (Corn.), Cornus, N.F. (Dogwood Bark).—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Without definite indications for its use; practically obsolete.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Corni (Fldext. Corni), Fluidextract of Cornus, N.F.—Cornus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Corydalis (Coryd.), Corydalis, N.F. (Turkey Corn, Squirrel Corn).—Tubers.

Action and Uses: Formerly exploited as antiluetic, but useless and therefore harmful.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Corydalis Compositum (Elix. Coryd. Co.), Compound Elixir of Corydalis, N.F.—Fluidextract of corydalis, (6%), fluidextract of stillingia (6%), fluidextract of xanthoxylum (3%), fluidextract of blue flag (9%), potassium iodide (5%), alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Action and Uses: An irrational and harmful “alterative.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Corydalis (Fldext. Corydal.), Fluidextract of Corydalis, N.F.—Corydalis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 0.65 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Cotarninae Hydrochloridum (Cotarn. Hydrochl.), Cotarnine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Cotarnine Chloride; Stypticin).

Yellow, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water and alcohol, yielding yellow solutions.

Action and Uses: Used to check functional uterine hemorrhage. The mechanism of its action has not been explained, and its efficiency is somewhat questionable.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Coumarinum (Coumar.), Coumarin, N.F.

Colorless, fragrant crystals, with a bitter, burning taste. Sparingly soluble in cold water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Perfume and flavor.

Creosoti Carbonas (Creosot. Carb.), Creosote Carbonate, U.S.P.—A mixture of the carbonates of various constituents of creosote, chiefly guaiacol and cresol.

An almost colorless, almost tasteless, odorless viscid liquid. Insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and miscible with chloroform and benzin.

Action and Uses: Passes stomach unchanged; hence is not a gastric irritant; decomposed in the intestines; used as an intestinal antiseptic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Creosotum (Creosot.), Creosote, U.S.P. (Creasote).—A mixture chiefly of guaiacol and cresol, obtained from wood-tar.

An almost colorless, oily liquid, with a penetrating, smoky odor, and a burning, caustic taste. Slightly soluble in water, and miscible with alcohol, ether or fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic; formerly widely used as an intestinal antiseptic and externally to some extent as an antiseptic dressing.

Dosage: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.), in capsules.

Aqua Creosoti (Aq. Creosot.), Creosote Water, U.S.P.—Creosote (1%) in water.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Petroxolinum Creosoti (Petrox. Creosot.), Creosote Petroxolin, N.F. (Creosote Petrox).—Creosote (20%), oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.

*Cresol (Cresol), Cresol, U.S.P.—A mixture of isomeric cresols, C₆H₄(CH₃)OH. Obtained from coal tar.

Colorless, yellowish or brownish liquid, darkening with age and exposure to light, and having a phenol-like odor. Soluble in water (1:50), usually forming a cloudy solution, and miscible with alcohol, ether, petroleum benzin or glycerin.

Action and Uses: Action similar to phenol. Used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. Approximately four times as germicidal as phenol, and no more toxic.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

*Liquor Cresolis Compositus (Liq. Cresol. Co.), Compound Solution of Cresol, U.S.P.—Cresol (50%) with a potassium soap solution.

Creta Praeparata (Cret. Praep.), Prepared Chalk, U.S.P. (Drop Chalk).—A native calcium carbonate.

White, amorphous, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed and dissolved by dilute acids.

Action and Uses: Used internally as a mild alkali, as antacid and against diarrhea.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) as a powder or in suspension.

Mistura Cretae (Mist. Cret.), Chalk Mixture, U.S.P.—Compound chalk powder (20%) with cinnamon water and water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus.—See under Cinnamomum Saigonicum.

Pulvis Cretae Compositus (Pulv. Cret. Co.), Compound Chalk Powder, U.S.P.—Prepared chalk (30%), with acacia and sugar.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Crocus (Croc.), Crocus, N.F. (Saffron).—Stigmas of the flowers.

Action and Uses: Yellow coloring agent without definite therapeutic indications. Has been used as “stimulant and antispasmodic.”

Tinctura Croci (Tr. Croc.), Tincture of Saffron, N.F.—Saffron (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Cubeba (Cubeb.), Cubeb, U.S.P. (Cubebs).—Fruit.

Action and Uses: Formerly much used internally as antiseptic, diuretic and as a stimulant to the genito-urinary membranes; also to some extent as a stimulating expectorant. Probably of little value.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). The oleoresin is preferred.

Fluidextractum Cubebae (Fldext. Cubeb.), Fluidextract of Cubeb, N.F.—Cubeb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc or 15 minims (N.F.).

Oleoresina Cubebae (Oleores. Cubeb.), Oleoresin of Cubeb, U.S.P.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Cubebae (Tr. Cubeb.), Tincture of Cubeb, N.F.—Cubeb (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Trochisci Cubebae (Troch. Cubeb.), Troches of Cubeb, U.S.P.—Each troche contains oleoresin of cubeb (0.02 Gm.) with oil of sassafras, extract of glycyrrhiza and acacia, flavored with syrup of tolu.

*Cupri Sulphas (Cupr. Sulph.), Copper Sulphate, U.S.P. (Cupric Sulphate).—CuSO₄ + 5H₂O.

Blue, odorless crystals or powder with a metallic taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.5), and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:500).

Action and Uses: Astringent and in strong solutions corrosive. In large doses a gastric and intestinal irritant producing violent vomiting and purging. Considered one of the best antidotes in phosphorus poisoning.

Dosage: Emetic, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Mistura Adstringens (Mist. Adstring.), Astringent Mixture, N.F. (Mistura Adstringens et Escharotica, N.F. III, Villate’s Mixture).—A needlessly complex mixture containing the acetates and sulphates of copper and zinc in dilute acetic acid solution with lead sulphate in suspension.

Cypripedium (Cypriped.), Cypripedium, N.F. (Lady Slipper Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: No definite indications for its use. Has been described as “tonic, stimulant and diaphoretic.”

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Cypripedii (Fldext. Cypriped.), Fluidextract of Cypripedium, N.F.—Cypripedium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Damiana (Damiana), Damiana, N.F. (Turnera).—Leaves.

Action and Uses: Ingredient of “lost manhood” nostrums; mildly irritant, but otherwise probably inert.

Dosage 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Damianae (Fldext. Damian.), Fluidextract of Damiana, N.F. (Fluidextractum Turnerae, N.F. III).—Damiana (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

DECOCTA, DECOCTIONS.—Aqueous preparations made by boiling drugs in water and straining. They must be freshly made from the drugs.

Delphinium (Delphin.), Larkspur Seed, N.F.

Action and Uses: Preparations are used externally to destroy pediculi of the hair and of the pubic region.

Tinctura Delphinii (Tr. Delphin.), Tincture of Larkspur, N.F.—Larkspur seed (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dextrinum Album (Dext. Alb.), White Dextrin, N.F.—A variable mixture of soluble carbohydrates with unconverted starch.

White, odorless powder, with a sweetish taste. Partly soluble in cold water; completely soluble in three parts of water on boiling.

Action and Uses: Substitute for acacia and other gums.

Pasta Dextrinata (Past. Dextrin.), Dextrinated Paste, N.F.—White dextrin (33%) in glycerin (33%) and water.

Uses: Basis for dermatologic pastes.

Diacetylmorphina (Diacetylmorph.), Diacetylmorphine, U.S.P. (Acetomorphine, Heroin).—An alkaloid prepared from morphine by acetylization.

White, odorless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1700) and soluble in alcohol (1:31) and in chloroform (1:1.4).

Action and Uses: Used as a respiratory sedative to relieve cough. With few exceptions, generally contraindicated in pulmonary tuberculosis. Like morphine, but more toxic and less valuable for the relief of pain. Is habit-forming. See Morphina.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 gr. (U.S.P.).

Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Diacetylmorph. Hydrochl.), Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Diacetylmorphine Chloride; Heroin Hydrochloride).

White, odorless, bitter powder. Freely soluble (1:2) in water and soluble in alcohol (1:11).

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae (Elix. Terpin. Hyd. et Diacetylmorph.), Elixir of Terpin Hydrate and Diacetylmorphine, N.F. (Elixir Terpini Hydratis cum Heroina N.F. III).—Diacetylmorphine hydrochloride (0.027%) and elixir of terpin hydrate. Absolute alcohol content about 42 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.). This dose contains about 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain of diacetylmorphine hydrochloride, and about 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains of terpin hydrate.

Diastasum (Diastasum), Diastase, U.S.P.—A mixture containing amylolytic enzymes from malt.

Yellowish-white, odorless, tasteless powder or scales. Soluble in water; almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: May be mixed with starchy foods to assist their conversion into sugar.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Digitalis (Digit.), Digitalis, U.S.P. (Foxglove, Digitalis Leaves, Digitalis Folium P.I.).

Action and Uses: Direct cardiac stimulant and diuretic. Used in cardiac decompensation. Most effective when the heart action is rapid and very irregular (auricular fibrillation). Effective in the treatment of edema only when the latter is due to impaired circulation. Very likely to cause disturbance of gastro-intestinal tract.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians are advised to specify preparations which have been biologically assayed.

Fluidextractum Digitalis (Fldext. Digital.), Fluidextract of Digitalis, U.S.P.—Digitalis (100%). May be biologically assayed by producing death in the frog. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).—Physicians should specify the biologically assayed fluidextract.

*Infusum Digitalis (Inf. Digit.), Infusion of Digitalis, U.S.P.—Digitalis (1.5%), cinnamon water and water. This is an effective form of digitalis, but has no advantage over tinctures of proper potency, and is not so conveniently standardized.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Digitalis, Scillae et Hydrargyri (Pil. Digit. Scill. et Hydrarg.), Pills of Digitalis, Squill and Mercury, N.F. (Niemeyer Pills for Dropsy, Guy’s Pills).—Each pill contains digitalis, squill and mass of mercury (each 0.065 gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

Uses: Popular but needlessly complex cardiac diuretic.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

*Tinctura Digitalis (Tr. Digit.), Tincture of Digitalis, U.S.P. (Digitalis Tinctura P.I.).—Digitalis (10%) in alcohol and water. May be biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians should specify the biologically assayed tincture.

Dioscorea (Dioscor.), Dioscorea, N.F. (Wild Yam Root, Colic Root).—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: No established indications for its use; formerly used in the treatment of “abdominal irritation.”

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Dioscoreae (Fldext. Dioscor.), Fluidextract of Dioscorea, N.F.—Dioscorea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Drosera (Droser.), Drosera, N.F. (Sundew).—Flowering plant.

Action and Uses: No established indications for its use (formerly used in respiratory diseases).

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Droserae (Fldext. Droser.), Fluidextract of Drosera, N.F.—Drosera (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Dulcamara (Dulcam.), Bittersweet, N.F.—Stems and branches.

Action and Uses: No established indications for its use. Formerly used as “alterative.”

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Dulcamarae (Fldext. Dulcam.), Fluidextract of Bittersweet, N.F.—Bittersweet (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. of fluidrachm (N.F.).

Echinacea (Echin.), Echinacea, N.F.—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: The claims for this drug as an “alterative” and antisyphilitic are extravagant and unwarranted. There are no established indications for its use.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Echinaceae (Fldext. Echin.), Fluidextract of Echinacea, N.F.—Echinacea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Elaterinum (Elaterin.), Elaterin, U.S.P.—A neutral principle obtained from the squirting cucumber. The commercial product is variable and may at times be practically inert.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly acrid, bitter taste. Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol (1:325).

Action and Uses: One of the most powerful and irritant of hydragogue cathartics, causing profuse watery evacuations.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain.

Trituratio Elaterini (Trit. Elaterin.), Trituration of Elaterin, U.S.P.—Elaterin (10%).

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

ELIXIRIA, ELIXIRS.—Elixirs are sweetened, aromatic, alcoholic liquids similar to cordials. In the administration of an elixir, the effects due to its alcohol content should be borne in mind. The statements of alcohol content of elixirs in this volume refer to percentage of absolute alcohol by volume.

For the various elixirs, see under the names of the principal constituents. For Elixir Aromaticum, Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum and Elixir Glycyrrhizae (Elixir Adjuvans), see under Alcohol; for Elixir Catharticum Compositum, see under Frangula; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum, see under Quininae Sulphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri, see under Ferri Phosphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae, see under Strychninae Sulphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi, see under Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, see under Calcii Lactophosphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini, see under Pepsinum; for Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae, and Elixir Gentianae et Ferri, see under Ferri Citro-Chloridum; for Elixir Formatum and Elixir Formatum Compositum, see under Acidum Formicum; for Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis, see under Ferri Phosphas; for Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum, see under Sodii Glycerophosphas; for Elixir Hypophosphitum, see under Calcii Hypophosphis; for Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri, see under Ferri Hypophosphis; for Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae, see under Strychnina; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae, see under Codeina; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae, see under Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum; for Elixir Trium Bromidorum, see under Ammonii Bromidum.

*Emetinae Hydrochloridum (Emet. Hydrochl.), Emetine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.—The hydrochloride of the alkaloid emetine, obtained from ipecac.

White, or nearly white, odorless powder, darkening on exposure to light. Freely soluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Given hypodermically. An effective treatment of amebic dysentery and other amebic diseases.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain.

EMPLASTRA, PLASTERS.—Plasters are solid preparations for external use, serving either as simple adhesives or for the conveyance of drugs. The commercial spread plasters have largely displaced the extemporaneously prepared product. For the various plasters see under the names of the principal constituents. For Emplastrum Elasticum, see under Resina; for Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum, see under Camphora; for Emplastrum Plumbi, see under Plumbi Oxidum.

EMULSA, EMULSIONES, EMULSIONS.—Emulsions are aqueous preparations in which oils or resins are suspended by means of mucilaginous substances.

For the official emulsions see under the names of the respective oils and resins.

*Ergota (Ergot.), Ergot, U.S.P. (Secale Cornutum, P.I., Ergot of Rye, Spurred Rye).

Action and Uses: Causes powerful tonic, sometimes tetanic contraction of the uterus and of the bloodvessel walls. Checks postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. Used for excessive menstrual flow and as a circulatory stimulant. Has also been tried but without success in a great variety of other diseases.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Ergotae (Ext. Ergot.), Extract of Ergot, U.S.P.—A pilular extract of ergot. Probably does not contain some of the valuable constituents of ergot (the alkaloids).

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Ergotae Aquosum (Ext. Ergot. Aq.), Aqueous Extract of Ergot, N.F. (Ergoti Extractum P.I.).—A purified aqueous extract.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

*Fluidextractum Ergotae (Fldext. Ergot.), Fluidextract of Ergot, U.S.P. (Secalis Cornuti Extractum Fluidum, P.I.).—Ergot (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Ergotae Ammoniata (Tr. Ergot. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Ergot, N.F.—Ergot (25%), ammonia water (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Eriodictyon (Eriodict.), Eriodictyon, U.S.P. (Yerba Santa).—Yerba santa leaves.

Action and Uses: Said to be expectorant. Its most remarkable property is its power of masking the taste of quinine.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

Elixir Eriodictyi Aromaticum (Elix. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir of Eriodictyon, N.F. (Aromatic Elixir of Yerba Santa, Elixir Corrigens).—Fluidextract of eriodictyon (6%), compound elixir of taraxacum (about 44%) and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Eriodictyi (Fldext. Eriodict.), Fluidextract of Eriodictyon, U.S.P.—Eriodictyon (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Eriodictyi Aromaticus (Syr. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Eriodictyon, N.F. (Aromatic Syrup of Yerba Santa, Syrupus Corrigens).—Fluidextract of eriodictyon, solution of potassium hydroxide, compound tincture of cardamom, oils of sassafras, lemon and clove, alcohol and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Eucalyptol (Eucalyptol), Eucalyptol, U.S.P. (Cineol).—A constituent of the volatile oil of eucalyptus.

A colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a pungent taste, producing a cooling sensation in the mouth. Very slightly soluble in water but miscible with alcohol and chloroform and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Employed as a local stimulant, antiseptic and deodorant, largely as a constituent of inhalations, particularly oily sprays.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

Nebula Eucalyptolis (Nebul. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Spray, N.F.—Eucalyptol (5%) in light liquid petrolatum.

Petroxolinum Eucalyptolis (Petrox. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Petroxolin, N.F. (Eucalyptol Petrox).—Eucalyptol (20%) in liquid petrolatum.

*Eucalyptus (Eucalypt.), Eucalyptus, U.S.P. (Eucalyptus Leaves, Blue Gum Leaves).

Action and Uses: Principally those of the volatile oil. Not used as such.

Fluidextractum Eucalypti (Fldext. Eucalypt.), Fluidextract of Eucalyptus, U.S.P.—Eucalyptus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Eugenol (Eugenol), Eugenol, U.S.P.—A constituent of oil of clove.

A nearly colorless, thin liquid, with a strong odor of cloves and a pungent, spicy taste.

Action and Uses: Same as those of oil of cloves, over which it has no material advantage.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.

Euonymus (Euonym.), Euonymus, N.F. (Wahoo Bark).—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Obsolete cathartic; toxic digitalis effects. Caution: The uncertain absorption of this drug makes its use inadvisable.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains.

Extractum Euonymi (Ext. Euonym.), Extract of Euonymus, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Euonymus).—A hydroalcoholic extract, 1 Gm. representing the water-alcohol-soluble constituents of 4 Gm. of euonymus.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Euonymi (Fldext. Euonym.), Fluidextract of Euonymus, N.F.—Euonymus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims. (N.F.).

Eupatorium (Eupator.), Eupatorium, N.F. (Boneset, Thoroughwort).—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Domestic diaphoretic “tea.” No established indications for its use.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Eupatorii (Fldext. Eupator.), Fluidextract of Eupatorium, N.F.—Eupatorium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Euphorbia Pilulifera (Euphorb. Pilul.), Euphorbia Pilulifera, N.F. (Pill Bearing Spurge).—Entire flowering plant.

Action and Uses: Irritant; formerly used in respiratory diseases, but without established indications.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Euphorbiae Piluliferae (Fldext. Euphorb. Pilul.), Fluidextract of Euphorbia Pilulifera, N.F.—Euphorbia pilulifera (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

EXTRACTA, EXTRACTS (Solid Extracts).—Soft, solid (pilular extracts) or powdered (powdered extracts) preparations made by evaporating a solution of the soluble ingredients of vegetable or animal drugs at a low temperature. Powdered extracts are often made from the solid extracts by the addition of inert material. The strength of most extracts is four times that of the drug. For the various official extracts see under the names of the respective drugs.

Farfara (Farfar.), Coltsfoot, N.F. (Coltsfoot Leaves, Tussilago Leaves).

Action and Uses: Demulcent expectorant; no advantage over linseed.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm.

*Fel Bovis (Fel Bovis), Oxgall, U.S.P.

A brownish-green or dark green, somewhat viscid liquid, with a peculiar odor and a disagreeable, bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Used in the form of the extract as intestinal antiseptic, cholagogue and laxative.

*Extractum Fellis Bovis (Ext. Fel. Bov.), Extract of Oxgall, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Oxgall).—One Gm. of extract represents 8 Gm. of oxgall.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains.

Ferri Acetas, Ferric Acetate.—Fe(C₂H₃O₂)₃.

Liquor Ferri Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. Acet.), Solution of Ferric Acetate, N.F.—Contains anhydrous ferric acetate, Fe(C₂H₃O₂)₃ (about 31%), corresponding to about 7.5 per cent. metallic iron, Fe.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis.—See under Ammonii Acetas.

*Ferri Carbonas, Ferrous Carbonate.—FeCO₃.

*Massa Ferri Carbonatis (Mass. Ferr. Carb.), Mass of Ferrous Carbonate, U.S.P. (Vallet’s Mass).—Contains FeCO₃ (35%) with sugar and honey.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Mistura Ferri Composita (Mist. Ferr. Co.), Compound Iron Mixture, N.F. (Griffith’s Mixture).—Ferrous carbonate (obtained by decomposing 0.6% ferrous sulphate with potassium carbonate), sugar, myrrh, spirit of lavender and rose water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis (Pil. Ferr. Carb.), Pills of Ferrous Carbonate, U.S.P. (Chalybeate Pills, Blaud’s Pills, Ferruginous Pills).—Each pill contains FeCO₃ (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain).

Uses: Convenient and effective form of iron.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus (Ferr. Carb. Sacch.), Saccharated Ferrous Carbonate, U.S.P.—Ferrous carbonate, FeCO₃ (not less than 15%) preserved with sugar.

A greenish-brown, odorless powder, with a taste at first sweetish, afterward ferruginous.

Action and Uses: Hematinic, like other iron salts; practically non-astringent and non-irritating.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Ferri Chloridum (Ferr. Chlor.), Ferric Chloride, U.S.P. (Iron Perchloride, Sesquichloride of Iron).—Ferric chloride, FeCl₃, with water of hydration.

Orange-yellow crystalline deliquescent pieces, odorless, and with a strongly styptic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.2); freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used in the form of the tincture of ferric chloride as an astringent, especially as an application to the throat. Also hematinic, but relatively irritant.

Gossypium Stypticum (Gossyp. Stypt.), Styptic Cotton, N.F.—Purified cotton, impregnated with ferric chloride.

Liquor Ferri Chloridi (Liq. Ferr. Chlor.), Solution of Ferric Chloride, U.S.P. (Solution of Iron Perchloride).—FeCl₃ (about 10.5%).

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims.

*Tinctura Ferri Chloridi (Tr. Ferr. Chlor.), Tincture of Ferric Chloride, U.S.P.—Ferric chloride (about 13%) corresponding to not less than 4.48 per cent. of iron, Fe. Made by diluting a solution of ferric chloride (35%) with alcohol. Absolute alcoholic content about 63 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Tinctura Ferri Chloridi Aetherea (Tr. Ferr. Chlor. Aeth.), Ethereal Tincture of Ferric Chloride, N.F. (Bestuscheff’s Tincture, Lamotte’s Drops).—Solution of ferric chloride (6%) and ether (25%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Citras, Ferric Citrate

Liquor Ferri Citratis (Liq. Ferr. Cit.), Solution of Ferric Citrate, N.F.—Contains ferric citrate corresponding to not less than 7.25 per cent. metallic iron, Fe.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Citro-Chloridum, Iron Citro-Chloride

Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae (Elix. Ferr. Quin. et Strych.), Elixir of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, N.F.—Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (12.5%), quinine hydrochloride (0.875%), strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), compound spirit of orange, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Uses: A popular but irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri (Elix. Gent. et Ferr.), Elixir of Gentian and Iron, N.F. (Elixir of Gentian with Tincture of Ferric Citro-Chloride).—Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (10%) and elixir of gentian. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Ferri Citro-Chloridi (Tr. Ferr. Citro-Chlor.), Tincture of Ferric Citro-Chloride, N.F. (Tasteless Tincture of Ferric Chloride, Tasteless Tincture of Iron).—A tincture of a complex iron salt, containing about 4 per cent. of iron (Fe) and rendered non-styptic by the presence of a citrate. Made from solution of ferric chloride (35%), sodium citrate (44%), alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

*Ferri et Ammonii Citras (Ferr. et Ammon. Cit.), Iron and Ammonium Citrate, U.S.P. (Soluble Ferric Citrate, Ammonio-Ferric Citrate).—Iron citrate rendered more readily soluble by the presence of ammonium citrate. Contains about 17 per cent. of iron, Fe.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Thin, transparent, garnet-red, odorless scales, with a saline, mildly ferruginous taste. Readily and completely soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hematinic, practically non-astringent. Has the general properties of iron salts.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.

Vinum Ferri (Vin. Ferr.), Wine of Iron, N.F. (Wine of Citrate of Iron).—Iron and ammonium citrate (4%) in tincture of sweet orange peel, syrup, and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Ferri et Quininae Citras (Ferr. et Quin. Cit.), Iron and Quinine Citrate, U.S.P. (Ferri et Quininae Citras Solubilis, U.S.P. VIII, Soluble Iron and Quinine Citrate).—Iron citrate and quinine citrate rendered more soluble by the presence of ammonium citrate. Contains not less than 13 per cent. of iron, Fe.

Thin, transparent, deliquescent, greenish or golden yellow, odorless scales, with a bitter, mildly ferruginous taste. Rapidly and completely soluble in cold water, partly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a bitter iron tonic. Of doubtful value.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.

Vinum Ferri Amarum (Vin. Ferr. Amar.), Bitter Wine of Iron, N.F.—Iron and quinine citrate (5%) in tincture of sweet orange peel, syrup and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Ferri Glycerophosphas (Ferr. Glycerophos.), Ferric Glycerophosphate, N.F. (Ferric Glycerinophosphate).

Yellowish-green scales or powder, odorless and nearly tasteless. Freely soluble in water (1:2) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Reputed “tonic,” but without advantage over the ordinary iron salts.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains.

Ferri Hydroxidum, Ferric Hydroxide.

Ferri Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Oxido (Ferr. Hydrox. cum Mag. Oxid.), Ferric Hydroxide with Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P. (Arsenic Antidote, Ferric Hydrate with Magnesia).—A dilute solution of ferric sulphate and a mixture of magnesium oxide with water, kept in separate bottles. When mixed, they yield ferric hydroxide.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Uses: Antidote for arsenic.

Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces.

Magma Ferri Hydroxidi (Magm. Ferr. Hydrox.), Ferric Hydroxide Magma, N.F. (Ferri Hydroxidum, U.S.P. VIII, Ferric Hydroxide).—A suspension of ferric hydroxide in water.

Ferri Hypophosphis (Ferr. Hypophos.), Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F.

White or grayish white, odorless and nearly tasteless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:2300); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Reputed “tonic,” but without advantage over the ordinary iron salts.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains.

Elixir Ferri Hypophosphitis (Elix. Ferr. Hypophos.), Elixir of Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F.—Ferric hypophosphite (1.65%), potassium citrate (2.15%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri (Elix. Hypophos. et Ferr.), Elixir of Hypophosphites and Iron, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), potassium hypophosphite and ferric hypophosphite (each 0.875%), potassium citrate, hypophosphorous acid, water, syrup and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri Hypophosphitis (Liq. Ferr. Hypophos.), Solution of Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F. (Solution of Hypophosphite of Iron).—Ferric hypophosphite (16.5%) dissolved by means of potassium citrate (21.5%) in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Ferri Hypophosphitis (Syr. Ferr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F.—Ferric hypophosphite (1.75%), dissolved by means of potassium citrate (2.5%), and made into a syrup flavored with orange flower water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Ferri Iodidum, Ferrous Iodide.—FeI₂.

Pilulae Ferri Iodidi (Pil. Ferr. Iod.), Pills of Ferrous Iodide, U.S.P.—Each pill represents ferrous iodide, FeI₂ (about 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain).

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Ferri et Mangani Iodidi (Syr. Ferr. et Mangan. Iod.), Syrup of Iron and Manganese Iodide, N.F.—Ferrous iodide (10%) and manganese iodide (5%) in syrup.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Syrupus Ferri Iodidi (Syr. Ferr. Iod.), Syrup of Ferrous Iodide, U.S.P. (Ferri Iodidi Syrupus P.I.).—Ferrous iodide, FeI₂ (about 5%).

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Ferri Lactas (Ferr. Lact.), Ferrous Lactate, N.F. (Iron Lactate).

Greenish white powder or crystalline masses, with a slight, characteristic odor and a mild, sweet ferruginous taste. Slowly soluble in water (1:40), freely soluble in solutions of alkali citrates, but almost insoluble in alcohol.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Ferri Lactatis (Elix. Ferr. Lact.), Elixir of Iron Lactate, N.F.—Iron lactate (1.75%), potassium citrate (5.25%) in water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Lactophosphas, Iron Lactophosphate.

Syrupus Ferri Lactophosphatis (Syr. Ferr. Lactophos.), Syrup of Iron Lactophosphate, N.F.—Iron lactophosphate (2.5%) in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Malas, Ferrous Malate (Iron Malate).

Extractum Ferri Pomatum (Ext. Ferr. Pomat.), Ferrated Extract of Apples, N.F. (Ferri Malas Crudus, Crude Malate of Iron).—A pilular extract containing ferrous malate.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Ferri Pomata (Tr. Ferr. Pomat.), Tincture of Ferrated Extract of Apples, N.F. (Tinctura Ferri Malatis Crudi, Tincture of Crude Malate of Iron).—Ferrated extract of apples (10%) in alcohol and cinnamon water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Nitras, Ferric Nitrate.—Fe(NO₃)₃.

Liquor Ferri Nitratis (Liq. Ferr. Nit.), Solution of Ferric Nitrate, N.F.—Ferric nitrate, Fe(NO₃)₃, corresponding to not less than 1.3 per cent. of metallic iron, Fe.

Uses: Astringent and styptic.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Oxidum Saccharatum (Ferr. Oxid. Sacch.), Saccharated Ferric Oxide, N.F. (Soluble Ferric Oxide, Ferrum Oxydatum Saccharatum, “Eisenzucker”).—Saccharated ferric oxide representing not less than 2.8 per cent. of Fe.

Syrupus Ferri Saccharati Solubilis (Syr. Ferr. Sacch. Sol.), Syrup of Soluble Saccharated Iron, N.F. (Syrupus Ferri Oxydati Solubilis, Syrup of Saccharated Oxide of Iron, Syrup of Soluble Oxide of Iron).—Saccharated ferric oxide (41.5%), syrup and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Oxychloridum, Ferric Oxychloride.

Liquor Ferri Oxychloridi (Liq. Ferr. Oxychlor.), Solution of Ferric Oxychloride, N.F.—Ferric oxychloride corresponding to about 3 per cent. of metallic iron, Fe, dissolved in a mixture of glycerin and water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Oxysulphas, Ferric Oxysulphate.

Liquor Ferri Oxysulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Oxysulph.), Solution of Ferric Oxysulphate, N.F.—A solution of basic ferric sulphate.

Uses: Superfluous astringent iron solution.

*Ferri Phosphas (Ferr. Phos.), Ferric Phosphate, U.S.P. (Ferri Phosphas Solubilis, U.S.P. VIII, Soluble Ferric Phosphate).—Ferric phosphate rendered soluble by sodium citrate. Contains iron, Fe (not less than 12%).

Thin, bright green, transparent, odorless scales, with an acidulous, slightly saline taste. Freely and completely soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hematinic. Only slightly astringent; no special advantage over other iron salts.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri (Elix. Cinchon. et Ferr.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Iron, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae et Ferri N.F. III, Ferrated Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal).—Ferric phosphate (3.5%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 92%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Ferri Phosphatis (Elix. Ferr. Phos.), Elixir of Ferric Phosphate, N.F.—Ferric phosphate (3.5%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis (Elix. Gent. et Ferr. Phosph.), Elixir of Gentian and Ferric Phosphate, N.F. (Elixir Gentianae Ferratum).—Ferric phosphate (1.75%), elixir of gentian (about 95%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum (Syr. Ferr. Quin. et Strych. Phos.), Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, N.F.—Ferric phosphate (2%), quinine (2.6%), strychnine (0.02%), phosphoric acid (5%) in glycerin, water and syrup.

Uses: Needlessly complex “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Protochloridum, Ferrous Chloride (Iron Protochloride).

Liquor Ferri Protochloridi (Liq. Ferr. Protochlor.), Solution of Ferrous Chloride, N.F. (Solution of Protochloride of Iron).—A solution of ferrous chloride in glycerin and water.

Uses: Superfluous astringent iron solution.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Ferri Protochloridi (Syr. Ferr. Protochlor.), Syrup of Ferrous Chloride, N.F. (Syrup of Protochloride of Iron).—Solution of ferrous chloride (5%) in glycerin, orange flower water and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Pyrophosphas (Ferr. Pyrophos.), Ferric Pyrophosphate, N.F. (Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Thin, apple-green, transparent, odorless scales, with an acidulous, slightly saline taste. Freely and completely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used in iron elixirs; no special advantage over other soluble salts of iron.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.

Elixir Ferri Pyrophosphatis (Elix. Ferr. Pyrophos.), Elixir of Ferric Pyrophosphate, N.F. (Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron).—Ferric pyrophosphate (3.5%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Ferri Pyrophosphatis, Quininae et Strychninae (Elix. Ferr. Pyrophos. Quin. et Strych.), Elixir of Ferric Pyrophosphate, Quinine and Strychnine, N.F.—Ferric pyrophosphate (3.5%), quinine sulphate (0.875%), strychnine citrate (0.014%), ammonium citrate, oil of orange, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Uses: A needlessly complex “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Subsulphas, Ferric Subsulphate.

Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Subsulph.), Solution of Ferric Subsulphate, U.S.P. (Monsel’s Solution, Solution of Basic Ferric Sulphate).

Uses: Local styptic and astringent.

*Ferri Sulphas (Ferr. Sulph.), Ferrous Sulphate, U.S.P. (Iron Protosulphate).—FeSO₄ + 7H₂O. (An impure product is commercially known as copperas).

Pale bluish-green, odorless crystals, with a saline styptic taste. Freely soluble (1:1.4) in water, insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hematinic, especially in pills; but mainly used in making pharmaceutical preparations. Formerly used extensively as a disinfectant, but is only deodorant.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

*Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus (Ferr. Sulph. Exsic.), Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate, U.S.P. (Dried Ferrous Sulphate).—Contains not less than 80 per cent. of FeSO₄.

Grayish-white powder.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.) as pills.

Ferri Sulphas Granulatus (Ferr. Sulph. Gran.), Granulated Ferrous Sulphate, U.S.P. (Precipitated Ferrous Sulphate).—Purified ferrous sulphate.

Very pale, bluish-green, crystalline powder.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae (Pil. Ferr. Quin. Aloe. et Nuc. Vom.), Pills of Iron, Quinine, Aloes and Nux Vomica, N.F. (Pilulae Quadruplices, N.F. III, Quadruplex Pills, Quatuor Pills, Pilulae Ferri et Quininae Compositae).—Each pill contains exsiccated ferrous sulphate, quinine sulphate and aloes (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), extract of nux vomica (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain) and extract of gentian.

Uses: Antiquated, complex and irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Ferri Tersulphas, Ferric Sulphate (Iron Tersulphate).

Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Tersulph.), Solution of Ferric Sulphate U.S.P. (Solution of Iron Tersulphate).

Uses: For making pharmaceutical preparations.

*Ferrum (Ferr.), Iron, U.S.P.—Metallic iron, Fe, in the form of fine, bright, and non-elastic wire.

Uses: For making the salts.

Ferrum Albuminatum, Iron Albuminate.

Liquor Ferri Albuminati (Liq. Ferr. Albumin.), Solution of Albuminate of Iron, N.F.—Contains albuminate of iron equivalent to about 0.4% of iron, Fe, in aromatic elixir, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Uses: Non-astringent iron preparation; converted into simple ionic iron by dilute acids.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Ferrum Peptonatum, Iron Peptonate.

Liquor Ferri Peptonati (Liq. Ferr. Pepton.), Solution of Peptonate of Iron, N.F.—Contains a compound of iron and peptonized fresh egg albumin representing 0.4 per cent. metallic iron, Fe; flavored with oil of orange, acetic ether and vanillin in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 14 per cent.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Uses: Non-astringent inorganic iron preparation.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri Peptonati et Mangani (Liq. Ferr. Pepton. et Mangan.), Solution of Peptonate of Iron and Manganese, N.F. (Liquor Ferri Peptonati cum Mangano, N.F. III).—Solution of peptonate of iron with soluble manganese citrate (1%). Absolute alcohol content about 14 per cent.

Uses: Combination of iron and manganese, of doubtful advantage over the solution of peptonate of iron.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Ferrum Reductum (Ferr. Reduct.), Reduced Iron, U.S.P. (Ferrum Redactum, Iron by Hydrogen, Quevenne’s Iron).—Metallic iron, Fe (not less than 90%), obtained by reduction of iron oxide by hydrogen.

Very fine, grayish-black, lusterless, odorless and tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: A hematinic, relatively non-irritant; given preferably just before meals in the form of pills or powder enclosed in capsules or cachets.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Fortiores (Pil. Ferr., Quin., Strych. et Arsen. Fort.), Stronger Pills of Iron, Quinine, Strychnine, and Arsenic, N.F. (Pilulae Metallorum, N.F. III, Metallic Pills, Pilulae Metallorum Amarae, Bitter Metallic Pills).—Each pill contains reduced iron and quinine sulphate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), strychnine and arsenic trioxide (each 0.0032 Gm. or 1/20 grain) with clarified honey.

Uses: Complex and irrational tonic.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Mites (Pil. Ferr., Quin., Strych. et Arsen. Mit.), Mild Pills of Iron, Quinine, Strychnine and Arsenic, N.F. (Aitken Tonic Pills).—Each pill contains reduced iron (0.045 Gm. or 2/3 grain), quinine sulphate (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), strychnine and arsenic trioxide (each 0.0013 Gm. or 1/50 grain) with clarified honey.

Uses: Complex and irrational tonic.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.

Ficus (Ficus), Fig, N.F.

Action and Uses: Mild laxative.

FLUIDEXTRACTA, FLUIDEXTRACTS.—Fluidextracts are concentrated liquid preparations of vegetable drugs, generally containing alcohol either as a solvent or as a preservative. One Cc. represents the extractives from 1 Gm. of drug.

The statements in this book regarding alcohol content are approximate and are based on the alcohol contents of the menstruum used. For the official preparations see under the names of the respective drugs. For Fluidextractum Aromaticum, see under Cinnamomum Saigonicum.

FLUIDGLYCERATA, FLUIDGLYCERATES.—Preparations intended to be of the same drug strength as fluidextracts—that is, representing 100 Gm. of drug in 100 Cc. of preparation—but containing about 50 per cent. by volume of glycerin and no alcohol. For the various fluidglycerates, see under the names of the respective drugs.

Foeniculum (Foenic.), Fennel, U.S.P. (Fennel Seed).

Action and Uses: Aromatic and carminative.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

*Formaldehydum, Formaldehyde.—CH₂O.

*Liquor Formaldehydi (Liq. Formaldehyd.), Solution of Formaldehyde, U.S.P.—CH₂O (not less than 37%) with methyl alcohol and water.

Action and Uses: A powerful germicide, especially valuable in the form of gas for its penetrating power. Its irritant actions generally preclude its use on the body.

For disinfecting rooms, from 150 Cc. or 5 fluidounces to 1 quart or 1 liter of the official formaldehyde solution are allowed to each 1,000 cubic feet of space by various authorities. Various methods have been employed. One is to allow the solution to evaporate from sheets suspended in the tightly closed room. Another is to generate the gas in the room by treating the solution with potassium permanganate, allowing about 110 Gm. or 3-1/2 ounces of potassium permanganate to 500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. A third method utilizes the reaction between formaldehyde solution and sodium dichromate in the presence of sulphuric acid, used in the proportion of 45 Cc. or 1-1/2 fluidounces of sulphuric acid and 280 Gm. or 9 ounces of sodium dichromate to 500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. These methods are not effective if the temperature of the room be below 60 F. or the relative humidity below 65 per cent.

Frangula (Frang.), Frangula, U.S.P. (Buckthorn Bark).

Action and Uses: Similar to those of cascara sagrada; used principally as fluidextract.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Catharticum Compositum (Elix. Cathart. Co.), Compound Cathartic Elixir, N.F.—Fluidextract of frangula (12.5%), fluidextract of senna (10%), fluidextract of rhubarb (6.2%), spirit of peppermint, solution of potassium hydroxide and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Uses: Needlessly complicated cathartic.

Dosage: Aperient, 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.); cathartic, 12 Cc. or 3 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Frangulae (Fldext. Frangul.), Fluidextract of Frangula, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Buckthorn Bark).—Frangula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Fraxinus (Fraxin.), White Ash Bark, N.F.

Action and Uses: Formerly used as tonic, astringent and purgative. No established indications for its use.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Vinum Fraxini (Vin. Frax.), Wine of White Ash, N.F.—White ash bark (50%), in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fucus (Fucus), Fucus, N.F. (Bladderwrack).—A sea weed.

Action and Uses: Formerly used against goiters and tuberculous glands; may be of some value through its iodine content, but has no special advantage over other iodine preparations.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Fuci (Fldext. Fuci), Fluidextract of Fucus, N.F.—Fucus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.65 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Galangal (Galang.), Galangal, N.F.—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative, resembling ginger and without advantage over the latter.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

Galega (Galeg.), Galega, N.F. (European Goat’s Rue).—Flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Exploited as a galactagogue and nerve stimulant; has no established value.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Galegae (Fldext. Galeg.), Fluidextract of Galega, N.F.—Galega (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Galla (Gall.), Nutgall, U.S.P. (Aleppo Galls, Smyrna Galls).

Incompatible with the salts of iron, lead, copper or silver.

Action and Uses: Astringent. Used especially as ointment, but has no advantage over tannic acid.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Gallae (Tr. Gall.), Tincture of Nutgall, N.F.—Nutgall (20%) in glycerin and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Unguentum Gallae (Ung. Gall.), Nutgall Ointment, U.S.P.—Nutgall (20%) in ointment.

Gambir (Gambir), Gambir, U.S.P. (Pale Catechu).—A dried extract.

Action and Uses: Astringent; used against diarrhea.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (in form of tincture).

Pulvis Gambir Compositus (Pulv. Gambir Co.), Compound Powder of Gambir, N.F. (Pulvis Catechu Compositus, N.F. III).—Gambir (40%), kino (20%) and krameria (20%), with Saigon cinnamon and nutmeg.

Uses: Needlessly complex intestinal astringent.

Dosage: 1.3 Gm. or 20 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Gambir Composita (Tr. Gambir Co.), Compound Tincture of Gambir, U.S.P. (Compound Tincture of Pale Catechu).—Gambir (5%) with Saigon cinnamon in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Gambir (Troch. Gambir), Troches of Gambir, N.F.—Each troche contains gambir (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, sugar and oil of cinnamon.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

*Gelatinum (Gelat.), Gelatin, U.S.P.—Obtained from skin, ligaments, bones, etc.

Insoluble in cold water but swells and softens when immersed in it; soluble in hot water and in glycerin; insoluble in alcohol and similar solvents.

Action and Uses: Used as a food product. Also, by mouth or by injection, with the intention of increasing the coagulability of the blood; of doubtful value. May contain tetanus spores.

Gelatinum Glycerinatum (Gelat. Glycerin.), Glycerinated Gelatin, U.S.P.—Consists of equal parts of gelatin and glycerin.

Uses: Base for suppositories, bougies, etc.

Gelsemium (Gelsem.), Gelsemium, U.S.P. (Yellow Jasmine Root, Yellow Jessamine).

Action and Uses: Used in migraine and neuralgia, and in the treatment of ovarian, rheumatic and uterine pain. Efficiency uncertain. Untoward symptoms sometimes result from comparatively small doses.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.). (Not used as such).

Extractum Gelsemii (Ext. Gelsem.), Extract of Gelsemium, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Gelsemium).—One Gm. of extract represents 4 Gm. of gelsemium.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Gelsemii (Fldext. Gelsem.), Fluidextract of Gelsemium, U.S.P.—Gelsemium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Gelsemii (Tr. Gelsem.), Tincture of Gelsemium, U.S.P.—Gelsemium (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 62 per cent.

Dosage: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.).

*Gentiana (Gentian.), Gentian, U.S.P. (Yellow Gentian Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Probably the most widely used of the simple bitters.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Gentianae (Elix. Gent.), Elixir of Gentian, N.F.—Fluidextract of gentian (3.5%), compound spirit of cardamom, sodium citrate, glycerin, syrup, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: An agreeable aromatic bitter stomachic.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri, N.F.—See under Ferri Citro-Chloridum.

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis, N.F.—See under Ferri Phosphas.

Elixir Gentianae Glycerinatum (Elix. Gent. Glycerin.), Glycerinated Elixir of Gentian, N.F.—Fluidextract of gentian (1%), fluidextract of taraxacum (1.5%), acetic ether, phosphoric acid, tincture of sweet orange peel, compound tincture of cardamom, glycerin, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 11 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

*Extractum Gentianae (Ext. Gentian.), Extract of Gentian, U.S.P.—A pilular extract.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Gentianae (Fldext. Gentian.), Fluidextract of Gentian, U.S.P.—Gentian (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Infusum Gentianae Compositum (Inf. Gent. Co.), Compound Infusion of Gentian, N.F.—Gentian (3%), coriander and bitter orange peel in diluted alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Tinctura Amara (Tr. Amar.), Bitter Tincture, N.F. (Stomachic Tincture, Bitter Stomachic Drops, Stomach Drops).—Gentian (6%), centaury (6%), zedoary (2%) and bitter orange peel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Uses: Bitter stomachic, complex and without special value.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Tinctura Gentianae Composita (Tr. Gentian. Co.), Compound Tincture of Gentian, U.S.P.—Gentian (10%), bitter orange peel and cardamom seed in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic Bitter.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Geranium (Geran.), Geranium, N.F. (Cranesbill).—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Obsolete intestinal astringent, without special advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Geranii (Fldext. Geran.), Fluidextract of Geranium, N.F.—Geranium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Glucosum (Glucos.), Glucose, U.S.P. (Syrupy Glucose, Liquid Glucose).—Chiefly dextrose (d-glucose) and dextrins.

Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless or nearly odorless, thick, syrupy, sweet liquid. Soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Pill excipient. Pure dextrose is also employed in saline injections.

*Glycerinum (Glycerin.), Glycerin, U.S.P. (Glycerol).—C₃H₅(OH)₃.

A colorless, syrupy, practically odorless liquid, with a sweet taste, and producing a sensation of warmth in the mouth. Miscible with water and alcohol; insoluble in chloroform or ether.

Action and Uses: Used as solvent, sweetening agent, demulcent and emollient. The enema or suppositories are promptly evacuant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Suppositoria Glycerini (Supp. Glycerin.), Suppositories of Glycerin, U.S.P.—Glycerin with a stearic acid soap.

Uses: Rectal evacuant.

Suppositoria Boroglycerini (Suppos. Boroglycer.), Suppositories of Boroglycerin, N.F.—Glycerite of boroglycerin (7.5%) with glycerinated gelatin and glycerin.

Uses: Antiseptic evacuant.

GLYCERITA, GLYCERITES.—Solutions of medicinal substances in glycerin. For the various glycerites, see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Glyceritum Boroglycerini, see under Acidum Boricum; for Glyceritum Vitelli, see under Ovi Vitellum Recens.

*Glycerylis Nitras, Glyceryl Trinitrate (Nitroglycerin, Trinitrin, Glonoin).—C₃H₅(NO₃)₃.

Action and Uses: Vasodilator, acting more slowly than amyl nitrite.

Pilulae Glycerylis Nitratis (Pil. Glycer. Nit.), Pills of Nitroglycerin, N.F. (Pilulae Glonoini, N.F. III, Pills of Glonoin).—Each pill contains spirit of glyceryl trinitrate and althaea (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with confection of rose.

Uses: Inferior to the tablets.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

*Spiritus Glycerylis Nitratis (Sp. Glyceryl. Nit.), Spirit of Glyceryl Trinitrate, U.S.P. (Spirit of Glonoin, Spirit of Nitroglycerin).—Glyceryl trinitrate (about 1%) in alcohol.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.) dropped on the tongue.

*Glycyrrhiza (Glycyrrh.), Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Licorice, Liquorice Root).

Action and Uses: Used to disguise the taste of drugs and as demulcent expectorant. The preparations are incompatible with acids.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Glycyrrhizae and Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum.—See under Alcohol.

Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aquosum (Elix. Glycyrrh. Aq.), Aqueous Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Aqueous Elixir of Licorice).—Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (15%), compound spirit of cardamom, stronger orange flower water, glycerin, syrup and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 3 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

Extractum Glycyrrhizae (Ext. Glycyrrh.), Extract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Extract of Licorice).—The commercial extract of glycyrrhiza. Incompletely soluble in water (60%).

Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum (Ext. Glycyrrh. Pur.), Pure Extract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.—A pilular extract.

*Fluidextractum Glycyrrhizae (Fldext. Glycyrrh.), Fluidextract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.—Glycyrrhiza (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidglyceratum Glycyrrhizae (Fldglycer. Glycyrrh.), Fluidglycerate of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Fluidglycerate of Licorice).—Glycyrrhiza (100%) in glycerin and water, made alkaline with ammonia water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.

Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita, U.S.P.—See under Opium.

Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, U.S.P.—See under Senna.

Syrupus Glycyrrhizae (Syr. Glycyrrhiz.), Syrup of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Syrup of Licorice).—Fluidglycerate of glycyrrhiza (25%) in syrup.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum (Glycyrrh. Ammon.), Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin, U.S.P.—The sweet principle of glycyrrhiza, combined with ammonia.

Dark brown or brownish-red, odorless scales, with a very sweet taste. Freely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Incompatible with acids.

Action and Uses: Intended as aubstitute for extract of glycyrrhiza, over which it presents no advantage.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Gossypii Cortex (Gossyp. Cort.), Cotton Root Bark, N.F.—Recently gathered or dried bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Exploited as emmenagogue, but without established value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Gossypii Corticis (Fldext. Gossyp. Cort.), Fluidextract of Cotton Root Bark, N.F.—Cotton root bark (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Gossypium Purificatum (Gossyp. Purif.), Purified Cotton, U.S.P. (Absorbent Cotton).

Action and Uses: Used as an absorbent surgical dressing and as a filtering agent.

Gossypium Stypticum.—See under Ferri Chloridum.

Granatum (Granat.), Pomegranate, U.S.P. (Pomegranate Bark).

Action and Uses: the decoction or fluidextract expels tapeworm. Both are strongly astringent and often produce vomiting.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Granati (Fldext. Granat.), Fluidextract of Pomegranate, U.S.P.—Pomegranate (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Grindelia (Grindel.), Grindelia, U.S.P.—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Used with doubtful results in spasmodic asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, and hay fever, and locally against ivy poisoning. It is a feeble drug and its action has not been clearly defined.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Grindeliae (Fldext. Grindel.), Fluidextract of Grindelia, U.S.P.—Grindelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Guaiaci Lignum (Guaiac. Lig.), Guaiac Wood, N.F. (Lignum Vitae).

Action and Uses: Reputed “alterative,” but without established value. No advantage over guaiac resin.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

*Guaiacol (Guaiacol), Guaiacol, U.S.P.—Obtained from wood-tar creosote or prepared synthetically.

Colorless or yellowish solid or liquid, with an aromatic odor and a strong phenolic taste. Soluble in water (1:53), freely soluble in glycerin (1:0.8) and miscible with alcohol, chloroform or ether.

Action and Uses: Used as intestinal antiseptic and bronchial stimulant, similar to creosote; less irritant but also less active. Inunction with 50 per cent. solution in oil is antipyretic but it is less powerful and more uncertain than acetphenetidin, etc. Action is difficult to control and collapse may occur.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

*Guaiacolis Carbonas (Guaiacol. Carb.), Guaiacol Carbonate, U.S.P.

White, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless powder. Soluble in alcohol (1:60) and in ether (1:18); insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Being insoluble in water, it is less disagreeable and less irritating than guaiacol, but liberates this substance in the intestines. Used as intestinal antiseptic and against bronchitis.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). in powders or cachets.

Guaiacum (Guaiac.), Guaiac, U.S.P. (Guaiac Resin).

Action and Uses: Formerly used as an “alterative,” against syphilis, chronic rheumatism and gout; and as throat lozenges for its mildly irritant action. It produces no definite systemic effects, except as a mild laxative and possibly diuretic. Its value is very doubtful. The ammoniated tincture is the most active preparation.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Gargarisma Guaiaci Compositum (Garg. Guaiac. Co.), Compound Gargle of Guaiac, N.F.—Ammoniated tincture of guaiac (10%), compound tincture of cinchona (10%), potassium chlorate (4%), with clarified honey and oil of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: Complex and irrational mixture.

Glyceritum Guaiaci (Glycer. Guaiac.), Glycerite of Guaiac, N.F.—Guaiac (8.5%) and solution of potassium hydroxide in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Mistura Guaiaci (Mist. Guaiac.), Mixture of Guaiac, N.F.—Tincture of guaiac (12.5%) in clarified honey and cinnamon water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Petroxolinum Guaiacolis (Petrox. Guaiacol.), Guaiacol Petroxolin, N.F. (Guaiacol Petrox).—Guaiacol (20%) in oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.

Tinctura Guaiaci (Tr. Guaiac.), Tincture of Guaiac, U.S.P.—Guaiac (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata (Tr. Guaiac. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiac, U.S.P.—Guaiac (20%) in aromatic spirit of ammonia. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Guaiaci Composita (Tr. Guaiac. Co.), Compound Tincture of Guaiac, N.F. (Dewees’ Tincture of Guaiac).—Guaiac (12.5%), potassium carbonate and pimenta in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Guarana (Guarana), Guarana, U.S.P.—Paste consisting chiefly of crushed seeds yielding not less than 4 per cent. of caffeine.

Action and Uses: Used for its caffeine. There is no reason for using it instead of caffeine.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Guaranae (Elix. Guar.), Elixir of Guarana, N.F.—Fluidextract of guarana (20%), compound elixir of taraxacum (60%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 34 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Guaranae (Fldext. Guaran.), Fluidextract of Guarana, U.S.P.—Guarana (100%) yielding about 4 per cent. of caffeine. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Gutta Percha (Gutta Percha), Gutta Percha, N.F.—A purified, coagulated tree sap.

Action and Uses: Used for technical purposes in dentistry.

Liquor Guttae Perchae (Liq. Gut. Perch.), Solution of Gutta Percha, N.F.—A clarified solution of gutta percha in chloroform.

Haematoxylon (Haematox.), Hematoxylon, N.F. (Logwood).

Action and Uses: Intestinal astringent, without advantage over krameria, etc.

Extractum Haematoxyli (Ext. Haematox.), Extract of Hematoxylon, N.F.—An aqueous extract.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Hamamelidis Folia (Hamamel. Fol.), Hamamelis Leaves, N.F. (Witch Hazel Leaves).

Action and Uses: Astringent, without advantage over other tannin-bearing drugs (krameria, etc.).

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Hamamelidis Foliorum (Fldext. Hamamel. Fol.), Fluidextract of Hamamelis Leaves, N.F.—Hamamelis leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Hamamelis (Witch Hazel).

Aqua Hamamelidis (Aq. Hamam.), Hamamelis Water, U.S.P. (Witch Hazel Water, Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel).—Witch hazel bark, twigs, smaller stems or entire shrub, distilled with water and preserved with about 14 per cent. of alcohol.

Uses: Employed externally, for contusions. It owes its feeble activity mainly to the alcohol.

Helianthemum (Helianth.), Helianthemum, N.F. (Rock-Rose, Frost-Weed).—The dried herb.

Action and Uses: Obsolete astringent, tonic, alterative and emetic; unreliable and without established value.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Helianthemi (Fldext. Helianth.), Fluidextract of Helianthemum, N.F.—Helianthemum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Helonias (Helon.), Helonias, N.F. (False Unicorn).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Ingredient of “female remedies”; without established value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Heloniatis (Fldext. Helon.), Fluidextract of Helonias, N.F.—Helonias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Hexamethylenamina (Hexam.), Hexamethylenamine, U.S.P. (Hexamethylene-tetramine; also sold as urotropine, aminoform, formamin, formin, cystamin, cystogen, urisol and uritone).—(CH₂)₆N₄, a condensation product of ammonia and formaldehyde.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and with a sweetish taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5) and in alcohol (1:12.5). Incompatible with acids, with ammonium salts, with tannin and with mercuric chloride.

Action and Uses: Useful urinary antiseptic, liberating formaldehyde in the presence of acids (not otherwise). Also used as prophylactic against infection in bile and in other body fluids, but inefficient since these fluids are not acid.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution. When sodium acid phosphate is given to render the urine acid, hexamethylenamine should not be taken until the phosphate has left the stomach.

*Homatropinae Hydrobromidum (Homatrop. Hydrobr.), Homatropine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. (Homatropine Bromide).

White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:6) and soluble in alcohol (1:40).

Action and Uses: Used as mydriatic and cycloplegic. Its effects resemble those of atropine but occur more promptly and disappear in shorter time.

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be used in aqueous solution of 2 per cent. strength, or a drop of a 1:500 solution may be introduced into the conjunctival sac every five minutes for five times to produce a maximum dilatation in three quarters of an hour.

Humulus (Humul.), Hops, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Formerly used as aromatic bitter stomachic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Humuli (Elix. Humul.), Elixir of Hops, N.F.—Fluidextract of hops (12.5%), compound elixir of taraxacum, tincture of vanilla and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Humuli (Fldext. Humul.), Fluidextract of Hops, N.F.—Hops (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Humuli (Tr. Humul.), Tincture of Hops, N.F.—Hops (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Uses: Bitter stomachic.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Hydrangea (Hydrang.), Hydrangea, N.F. (Seven-Barks).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete cathartic, diuretic and diaphoretic; without established value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Hydrangeae (Fldext. Hydrang.), Fluidextract of Hydrangea, N.F.—Hydrangea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (Hydrarg. Chlor. Corr.), Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, U.S.P. (Bichloride of Mercury, Corrosive Sublimate, Mercuric Chloride, Perchloride of Mercury).—HgCl₂.

Heavy, colorless crystals, crystalline masses or white powder, odorless and with a characteristic metallic taste. Slowly soluble in water (1:13.5) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3.8). Its solubility in water is increased by the addition of sodium or ammonium chloride. Incompatible with soluble carbonates and hydroxides, with iodides and with alkaloids and other organic compounds. Reduced to calomel or metallic mercury by iron, zinc and other reducing agents.

Action and Uses: Chiefly as a germicide and antiseptic; also as a specific antisyphilitic agent. Acute mercuric chloride poisoning is treated by raw eggs and lavage.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.) in solution or pills. For hypodermic use in syphilis 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain daily (produces marked pain and irritation). As antiseptic externally in solution from 1:20,000 to 1:2,000. As disinfectant of clothing, in 1:1,000 solution.

Mulla Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi (Mull. Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros.), Corrosive Mercuric Chloride Mull, N.F. (Unguentum Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi Extensum, N.F. III).—Corrosive mercuric chloride (0.2%), alcohol, benzoinated suet and benzoinated lard.

Toxitabellae Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi (Toxitabel. Hydrarg. Chlor. Corr.), Poison Tablets of Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, U.S.P. (Corrosive Sublimate Tablets, Bichloride Tablets).—Tablets of an angular shape colored blue, each having the word “Poison” and the skull and cross bones design distinctly stamped on it. Each 1 Gm. tablet contains about 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains corrosive mercuric chloride and 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains sodium chloride.

*Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite (Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit.), Mild Mercurous Chloride, U.S.P. (Mercurous Chloride, Calomel, Protochloride of Mercury, Subchloride of Mercury).—HgCl.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water, alcohol or ether. Incompatible with alkalies, with oxidizing acids like nitric acid, and with soluble bromides and iodides.

Action and Uses: A slow cathartic, fairly powerful and relatively non-irritant. Should usually be followed by a saline laxative. Should not be taken continuously as it may salivate. Also employed as a diuretic in cardiac dropsies. Intramuscular injections are very efficiently antisyphilitic, but painful.

Dosage: Laxative, 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); alterative, 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). From 0.005 to 0.02 Gm., or from 1/12 to 1/3 grain, may be given every half hour or hour until from 0.1 to 0.2 Gm., or from 1-1/2 to 3 grains have been given. In the treatment of syphilis 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grain in oily suspension is injected about once a week.

Lotio Nigra (Lot. Nigr.), Black Lotion, N.F. (Black Wash, Aqua Phagedaenica Nigra).—A suspension of mercurous oxide, Hg₂O, produced by the action of lime water on mild mercurous chloride.

Uses: Mercurial antiseptic.

Pulvis Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis et Jalapae (Pulv. Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit. et Jalap.), Powder of Mild Mercurous Chloride and Jalap, N.F. (Calomel and Jalap).—Mild mercurous chloride (34%) and jalap (66%).

Uses: Drastic purgative.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

*Hydrargyri Iodidum Flavum (Hydrarg. Iod. Flav.), Yellow Mercurous Iodide, U.S.P. (Mercurous Iodide, Protoiodide of Mercury, Yellow Iodide of Mercury).—HgI.

Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water and wholly insoluble in alcohol or ether. Decomposed by oxidizing agents, alkalies and the haloid salts of the alkali metals (chlorides, bromides or iodides).

Action and Uses: Used principally as an antisyphilitic; generally given in the form of pills. Like all ingestion methods of treating syphilis, much less reliable than the intramuscular administration of mercurials and is falling into disuse on account of relative inefficiency. Has proved of value in lichen ruber planus.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

*Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum (Hydrarg. Iod. Rub.), Red Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P. (Biniodide of Mercury, Mercuric Iodide, Red Iodide of Mercury).—HgI₂.

Scarlet-red, odorless, nearly tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:115); soluble in solutions of soluble iodides, sodium thiosulphate and hot solutions of alkali chlorides.

Action and Uses: Mercuric Iodide, dissolved with potassium or sodium iodide, is used as an antiseptic, germicide and antisyphilitic. It is practically as effective as mercuric chloride and less irritant or corrosive.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

Liquor Hydrargyri et Potassii Iodidi (Liq. Hydrarg. et Pot. Iod.), Solution of Mercury and Potassium Iodide, N.F. (Solution of Potassium Iodohydrargyrate, Channing’s Solution).—Red mercuric iodide (1%), potassium iodide (0.8%), and water.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Hydrargyri Nitras, Mercuric Nitrate.—Hg(NO₃)₂.

Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis (Liq. Hydrarg. Nit.), Solution of Mercuric Nitrate, N.F.—Hg(NO₃)₂ (60%).

Uses: Caustic.

Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis (Ung. Hydrarg. Nit.), Ointment of Mercuric Nitrate, U.S.P. (Citrine Ointment).—Mercuric nitrate (equivalent to mercury 7%) in lard.

*Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum (Hydrarg. Oxid. Flav.), Yellow Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P.—HgO.

Light orange-yellow, heavy, odorless powder, with a somewhat metallic taste. Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, readily dissolved by dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.

Action and Uses: The ointment is used, especially on the eye, as an antiseptic and stimulant; also to some extent in impetiginous affections.

Dosage: For the eye, 2 per cent.; for the skin, from 5 to 10 per cent.

Lotio Flava (Lot. Flav.), Yellow Lotion, N.F. (Yellow Wash, Aqua Phagedaenica Flava).—A suspension of mercuric oxide produced by the action of lime water on mercuric chloride.

Uses: Mercurial antiseptic.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi (Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Flav.), Ointment of Yellow Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P.—Yellow mercuric oxide (10%) in water, hydrous wool fat and petrolatum.

Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum (Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub.), Red Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P. (Red Precipitate).—HgO.

Heavy, orange-red scales or powder, odorless and with a somewhat metallic taste. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol, readily dissolved by nitric acid.

Action and Uses: Occasionally used externally in the form of an ointment and as a parasiticide. Without advantage over yellow oxide.

Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri (Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub.), Ointment of Red Mercuric Oxide, N.F.—Red mercuric oxide (10%) in water, hydrous wool fat and petrolatum.

*Hydrargyri Salicylas (Hydrarg. Salicyl.), Mercuric Salicylate, U.S.P. (Mercuric Subsalicylate).—Contains Hg (about 57%).

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water or alcohol. Dissolved by solutions of the fixed alkalies or their carbonates.

Action and Uses: Used as antisyphilitic especially by intramuscular injection of oily suspensions; also as local antiseptic.

Dosage: 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain (U.S.P.). By intramuscular injection, 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims of a 10 per cent. suspension in liquid petrolatum once in four days.

*Hydrargyrum (Hydrarg.), Mercury, U.S.P. (Quicksilver).—Hg.

Shining, silver-white, odorless, tasteless metal, liquid at ordinary temperatures. Insoluble in the ordinary solvents.

Action and Uses: Its preparations are used to secure the systemic effects of mercury and locally against parasites.

*Hydrargyrum cum Creta (Hydrarg. cum Cret.), Mercury with Chalk, U.S.P. (Gray Powder).—Mercury (38%), with prepared chalk (57%), honey and water.

Light gray, odorless, rather damp powder, with a slightly sweet taste.

Action and Uses: A mild cathartic acting like calomel. Also used in the treatment of infantile and hereditary syphilis and of syphilis in aged patients.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), as powder.

*Massa Hydrargyri (Mass. Hydrarg.), Mass of Mercury, U.S.P. (Blue Mass, Blue Pill).—Hg (about 33%) in pill mass.

Uses: Mainly as cathartic.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Hydrargyri (Oleat. Hydrarg.), Oleate of Mercury, U.S.P.—A mixture of mercury oleate and oleic acid equivalent to 25 per cent. of HgO.

Uses: Alterative, antisyphilitic; rarely used.

Petroxolinum Hydrargyri (Petrox. Hydrarg.), Mercury Petroxolin, N.F. (Mercury Petrox).—Mercury (30%) in hydrous wool fat, oleic acid and solid petroxolin.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri (Ung. Hydrarg.), Mercurial Ointment, U.S.P.—Metallic mercury (about 50%) and oleate of mercury (2%) with prepared suet and benzoinated lard.

Uses: Especially to secure the systemic effects of mercury by inunction.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum (Ung. Hydrarg. Dil.), Diluted Mercurial Ointment, U.S.P. (Blue Ointment, Hydrargyri Unguentum P.I.).—Mercurial ointment (60%) equivalent to about 30 per cent. of metallic mercury, with petrolatum.

Uses: Especially in pediculosis.

*Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum (Hydrarg. Ammon.), Ammoniated Mercury, U.S.P. (White Precipitate).—Mercurammonium chloride, HgNH₂Cl, corresponding to about 79 per cent. of Hg.

White, odorless lumps or powder, with an earthy, afterward styptic and metallic taste. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: The ointment is extensively used as a cutaneous antiseptic especially for impetigo contagiosa and other pustular dermatoses and ringworm of the scalp. Also used for removing scales of psoriasis. It may cause salivation.

Dosage: From 2 to 10 per cent. ointment.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati (Ung. Hydrarg. Ammon.), Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury, U.S.P. (White Precipitate Ointment).—Ammoniated mercury (10%) in white petrolatum and hydrous wool fat.

Hydrastina (Hydrastina), Hydrastine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from hydrastis or prepared synthetically.

White crystals or powder. Almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol (1:170).

Action and Uses: Used in the treatment of urethral and vesical catarrh and as a systemic hemostatic, especially in excessive menstruation. Its efficiency and the mechanism of its action are doubtful.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Hydrastinae Hydrochloridum (Hydrastin. Hydrochl.), Hydrastine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Hydrastine Chloride).

White, odorless, bitter powder. Very soluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Those of hydrastine.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Liquor Hydrastinae Compositus (Liq. Hydrastin. Co.), Compound Solution of Hydrastine, N.F. (Colorless Hydrastine Solution).—Hydrastine hydrochloride (0.3%), aluminum chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride (each 0.3%), potassium chloride (0.1%) in glycerin and water.

Uses: Complex and irrational astringent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Hydrastininae Hydrochloridum (Hydrastinin. Hydrochl.), Hydrastinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Hydrastinine Chloride).—The hydrochloride of hydrastinine, an alkaloid obtained synthetically from hydrastine.

Yellowish, odorless crystals or powder. Soluble in chloroform (1:195); very soluble in water and alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hydrastinine resembles hydrastine in its action but is said to be less depressing. Hydrastinine has a pronounced pressor effect on peripheral vessels, causing a rise of blood pressure.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Hydrastis (Hydrastis), Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Golden Seal).—Rhizome and roots, yielding not less than 2.5 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids, chiefly hydrastin.

Action and Uses: Hydrastis is an unpleasant bitter; it possesses no advantages over other simple bitters (gentian). It has been asserted to have a special influence on mucous membranes favoring their nutrition and return to a normal condition. There is little or no experimental evidence to bear out the claim for any special action.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Hydrastis (Ext. Hydrast.), Extract of Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Extract of Golden Seal, Powdered Extract of Hydrastis).—One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. hydrastis. Yields about 10 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Fluidextractum Hydrastis (Fldext. Hydrast.), Fluidextract of Hydrastis, U.S.P.—Hydrastis (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Glyceritum Hydrastis (Glycer. Hydrast.), Glycerite of Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Glycerite of Golden Seal).—Hydrastis (100%) yielding not less than 1.245 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Hydrastis (Tr. Hydrast.), Tincture of Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Tincture of Golden Seal).—Hydrastis (20%), yielding about 0.4 per cent. of hydrastin; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Hydrogenii Dioxidum, Hydrogen Dioxide (Hydrogen Peroxide).—H₂O₂.

*Liquor Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Liq. Hydrog. Diox.), Solution of Hydrogen Dioxide, U.S.P. (Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidii, U.S.P. VIII, Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide).—H₂O₂ (not less than 3%).

Action and Uses: Nontoxic and fairly efficient local antiseptic and detergent, useful mainly for the destruction of pus. Used on suppurating wounds and as a mouthwash and gargle; also as a bleaching agent. Should not be injected into a wound unless free drainage is present.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.). For external application should be diluted about 1:4.