Book 2 — APPENDIX. (continued 2)
Reading edition
[183] See more in the second chapter of the Description of Scotland.—H.
[184] Here ends the first chapter of “fowls,” that which follows being restricted to “hawks and ravenous fowls.”—W.
[185] This on “venomous beasts” will be found included in the “savage beasts” of the following.
[186] Here follows an account of the extermination of wolves, and a reference to lions and wild bulls rampant in Scotland of old.—W.
[187] Misprints for “pricket” and “sorel”; see Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost, IV. ii. 58-63; The Return from Parnassus, etc., etc.—F.
[188] Here follows a discourse on ancient boar-hunting, exalting it above the degenerate sports of the day. This ends the chapter on “savage beasts.”—W.
[189] Galenus, De Theriaca ad Pisonem; Pliny, lib. 10, cap. 62.—H.
[190] Salust, cap. 40; Pliny, lib. 37, cap. 2.—H.
[191] See Diodorus Siculus.—H.
[192] The like have I seen when hens do feed upon the tender blades of garlic.—H.
[193] This gentleman caught such an heat with this sore load that he was fain to go to Rome for physic, yet it would not save his life; but he must needs hie homewards.—H.
[194] Compare Stubs’s Anatomie, p. 218. Turnbull.—F.
[195] See Percy Folio, Loose and Humorous Songs, p. 86, l. 31-4.—F.
[196] We’ve unluckily lost the distinction between rabbit and coney.—F.
[197] Called “suckers” in Babees Book and Henry VIII.’s Household Ordinances.—F.
[198] See Andrew Boorde’s amusing bit about venison in his Dyetary (my edition, p. 275).—F.
[199] Harrison was not quite up to the Dignity of Labour.—F.
[200] The decay of the people is the destruction of a kingdom: neither is any man born to possess the earth alone.—H.
[201] The fact is well known. See instances in W. de Worde’s “Kerving,” second edition, in Babees Book.—F.
[202] See the curious tract on this in Mr. John Cowper’s Four Supplications, Early English Text Society, extra series.—F.
[203] The chapter ends with the forest laws of Canute. Born Londoner though he be, Harrison dwells lovingly upon the least point connected with his country home. His Saffron Walden is ever a fruitful source of discourse, Saffron being a prolific theme in other places of the work, and Walden here made to “point the moral and adorn the tale.”—W.
[204] For her household in 1600-1601 see Household Ordinances, p. 281.—F.
[205] I suppose that Sir Thomas More, and Henry VIII., and Lady Jane Grey’s parents began “the higher education of women” in England by having their daughters properly taught. On “Education in Early England” see my Forewords (tho’ sadly imperfect) to the Babees Book (Early English Text Society).—F.
[206] Compare Chaucer’s Prologue: The Squire. On the evils of serving-men see Sir T. More’s Utopia, and my Ballads from MSS., i.—F.
[207] The chapter concludes with the special penal regulations for disturbers in the court precincts.—W.
[208] See Ascham’s Toxophilus. When our folk and government come to their senses every English boy and man’ll be taught rifle-shooting; ranges will be provided by compulsory powers; and every male over sixteen be made sure of his man in any invading force. If then any foreign force wants to come, let it, and find its grave.—F.
[209] “Our peaceable days” were on the eve of the greatest struggle for life ever known to England, but never before or since could she put a million men armed to the teeth into the field, and have still a reserve to fall back on. People who dream that the Spaniards would have fared better on land than sea are grievously out in their reckoning.—W.
[210] See the amusing extract from William Bulleyn in my Babees Book, pp. 240-243.—F.
[211] Here follows an account of Roman and Carthaginian galleys which “did not only match, but far exceed” in capacity our ships and galleys of 1587.—W.
[212] See my Ballads from MSS., i. 120, on this and Henry VIII.’s navy. There’s an engraving of this Great Henry, or Henry Grace (burnt August 27, 1553), in the British Museum.—F.
[213] Surely this statement was justified by facts. And Nelson, Dundonald, and their successors have shown that English sailors since have not degenerated.—F.
[214] See in Household Ordinances, pp. 267-270, “An account of all the Queen’s Ships of War; the musters taken in 1574 and 1575; the warlike stores in the Tower and aboard the Navy in 1578; the Custodes Rotolorum of every county in England and Wales, and the names of all the English fugitives.”—F.
[215] A name devised by her grace in remembrance of her own deliverance from the fury of her enemies, from which in one respect she was no less miraculously preserved than was the prophet Jonas from the belly of the whale.—H.
[216] So called of her exceeding nimbleness in sailing and swiftness of course.—H.
[217] The list of twenty-four ships (with their men and arms) in the 1578 list in Household Ordinances, pp. 267-270, contains all these in the note here except the Cadish, and adds to them the Primrose, and the Faulcon, Aibates (for Achates), and George, named above. The 1578 list has not the Revenge above. It calls the White Boare and Dreadnot the White Bear and Dreadnought (as above); and the Genet, Jenett. And adds, “The sum of all other, as well merchant shipps as other, in all places in England, of 100 tunns and upwards, 135. The sum of all barkes and shippes of 40 tunne and upward to an 100 tunne, 656. There are besides, by estimation, 100 saile of hoyes. Also of small barkes and fishermen an infinite number. So as the number of ... through the realme cannot be lesse than 600, besides London.” No doubt Mrs. Green’s Calendar of State Papers, temp Elizabeth, gives further details.—F. [The “note” to which Dr. Furnivall refers is one collating the 1577 text where the Cadish is inserted between the Forresight and Swift sute, and the last four above are not given.—W.]
[218] My friend, Mr. H. H. Sparling (who has made a special study of the English navy archives from Henry VIII.’s time downward) kindly furnishes the following navy list of the Armada year, dividing the boats into classes with wages descending in scale from these I have retained:
“The newe increase of sea wages to Maisters, Botswaynes, Gunners, Pursers, and Cookes, as also shall serue her matie. at the seas in any of thes her highnes shipps hereafter, as also what rates have bene & yet are payde, wc at this Present are servinge in any of these her Maties. shipes now in the narrow seas or ells wheare abroad, as followeth:
The Elizabet Jonas, Triumphe, Whit Beare, Merhonour, Arke Raughley, Victory; Mathewe and Andrewe, 2 Spanish shipps. In these viij shippes, yf any of her mgties vj mrs shalbe appointed to serue, then to haue—
New rates per mensem. Olde rates per mensem.
The Boteson 400 326
The Gonner 1126 0150
The purser 168 100
The Cooke 100 0176
Repulse, Warspight, Garland, Defiance, Mary Roase, Lyon, Bonauentur, Hope, Vauntgard, Raynebowe, Nonperelia. Yf any of these xj shipps, then to have, etc.
····
Dreadnought, Swifsuer, Antelope, Swallowe, Foresight, Aduentur. Yf any, etc.
····
Ayde, Answere, Quittance, Crane, Aduauntage, Teiger. Yf any, etc.
····
Tremontaine, Scoute, Achates, The Gally Mercury. Yf any, etc.
····
Charles, Aduice, Moone, Frigett, Spye, Signet, Sonne, George hoye, Primrose.
····
Memorand: that these aduanced Rates doe onlie concerne the Queens maties vj maisters, and the Botesons, Gunners, Pursers, & Cooks, that daylie serue her Matie in the shipps in ordinarie in Harborow, and noe others: wch is so increased to them especiallie to containe them in true seruice and due obedience to her matie.”
This will be seen to differ somewhat from Harrison’s list of the previous year.—W.
[219] See Hakluyt’s record of the daring and endurance of our Elizabethan seamen.—F.
[220] “Confession by torment is esteemed for nothing, for if hee confesse at the iudgement, the tryall of the 12 goeth not vpon him; if hee deny the fact: that which he said before, hindreth him not. The nature of English-men is to neglect death, to abide no torment: and therefore hee will confesse rather to haue done anything, yea to haue killed his owne father, than to suffer torment: for death, our nation doth not so much esteeme as a meere torment. In no place shall you see malefactors goe more constantly, more assuredly, and with lesse lamentation to their death than in England.... The nature of our nation is free, stout, haulty, prodigall of life and blood; but contumely, beating, servitude, and seruile torment, and punishment; it will not abide. So in this nature & fashion, our ancient Princes and legislatoors haue nourished them, as to make them stout-hearted, couragious, and souldiers, not villaines and slaues; and that is the scope almost of all our Policie.”—Sir Thomas Smith’s Commonwealth of England, ed. 1621, p. 97, Book II., chap. 27 (not 25).—F.
[221] But see how felons who won’t confess are pressed to death by heavy weights.—F.
[222] A.D. 1586. Hol. iii. 1434, col. 2. “On the one and twentith daie of Ianuarie, two Seminarie preests (before arreigned and condemned) were drawne to Tiburne, and there hanged, bowelled, and quartered. Also on the same daie a wench was burnt in Smithfield, for poisoning of hir aunt and mistresse, and also attempting to haue doon the like to hir vncle.”——A.D. 1577. “The thirtith daie of Nouember, Cutbert Maine was drawne, hanged, and quartered at Lanceston in Cornewall for preferring Romane power ... 1577-8. The third daie of Februarie, John Nelson, for denieng the queenes supremasie, and such other traitorous words against hir maiestie, was drawne from Newgate to Tiburne, and there hanged, bowelled, and quartered. And on the seuenth of the same moneth of Februarie, Thomas Sherewin was likewise drawne from the tower of London to Tiburne, and there hanged, bowelled, and quartered for the like offense.”—Holinshed iii. 1271, col. 1, l. 15, l. 47—F.
[223] A.D. 1540. “The eight and twentith of Julie (as you have heard before), the Lord Cromwell was beheaded, and likewise with him the Lord Hungerford of Heitesburie, who at the houre of his death seemed vnquiet, as manie iudged him rather in a frensie than otherwise: he suffered for buggerie.”—Holinshed, iii. 952, col. 2, l. 21. See the rest of the column for other executions for heresy, for affirming Henry VIII.’s marriage with his first queen, Katherine, to be good, for treason, and for robbing a lady.—F.
[224] A.D. 1580, ann. Elizabeth 23. “The eight and twentith daie of Nouember, were arreigned in the King’s [Queen’s] Bench, William Randoll for coniuring to know where treasure was hid in the earth, and goods felloniouslie taken, were become: Thomas Elks, Thomas Lupton, Rafe Spacie, and Christopher Waddington, for being present, aiding, and procuring the said Randoll to the coniuration aforesaid: Randoll, Elks, Spacie, and Waddington, were found guiltie, and had iudgement to be hanged: Randoll was executed, the other were repriued.”—Holinshed, iii. 1314, col. 2, l. 68.——A.D. 1587. “The thirteenth of Januarie, a man was draune to Saint Thomas of Waterings, and there hanged, headed and quartered, for begging by a licence whereunto the queenes hand was counterfeited.”—Holinshed, iii. 1315, col. 1, l. 46.—F.
[225] Cap. 8, Record Commission Statutes.—F.
[226] Sir John Falstaff.—F.
[227] Mr. William Shakspere.—F.
[228] A.D. 1569-70. “The seven and twentith of Januarie, Philip Mestrell, a Frenchman, and two Englishmen, were draune from Newgate to Tiburne, and there hanged, the Frenchman quartered, who had coined gold counterfeit; the Englishmen, the one had dipped silver, the other, cast testons of tin.”—Hol., iii. 1211, col. 1, l. 65.——A.D. 1577-8. “The fiue and twentith of Februarie, John de Loy, a Frenchman, and fiue English gentlemen, was conueied from the tower of London towards Norwich, there to be arreigned and executed for coining of monie counterfeit.”—Hol., iii. 1271, col. 1, l. 55.—F.
[229] See note [p. 227], A.D. 1575. “The ninteenth of Julie, a woman was burnt at Tunbridge in Kent for poisoning of hir husband: and two daies before, a man named Orleie was hanged at Maidstone, for being accessarie to the same fact.”—Holinshed, iii. 1262, col. 1, l. 70.—F.
A.D. 1571. “On the sixteenth of Julie, Rebecca Chamber, late wife to Thomas Chamber of Heriettesham, was found culpable [= guilty] of poisoning the said Thomas Chamber hir husband, at the assises holden at Maidstone in the countie of Kent. For the which fact, she (hauing well deserued) was there burnt on the next morrow.”—Hol., iii. 1226, col. 2, l. 30. See like instances in Stowe’s Annales.—F.
[230] Note folio 388, A.D. 1583. “On the eighteenth daie of September, John Lewes, who named himself Abdoit, an obstinate heretike, denieng the godhead of Christ, and holding diuers other detestable heresies (much like to his predecessor Matthew Hamont), was burned at Norwich.”—Holinshed, iii. 1354, col. 2, l. 62.—F.
[231] A.D. 1577-8.—“On the ninth of March seven pirats were hanged at Wapping in the ouze, beside London.”—Holinshed, iii. 1271, column 1, lines 59-61.—F.
[232] On serving-men, see the striking passage in Sir Thomas More’s Utopia, pp. 27-29, edition of 1852, and “A Health to the Gentlemanly Profession of Seruing-men; or, The Seruing-man’s Comfort: with other thinges not impertinent to the Premises, as well pleasant as profitable to the courteous Reader,” 1598, reprinted in W. C. Hazlitt’s Roxburghe Library, Inedited Tracts, 1868. Also “The Serving-man and the Husbandman: a Pleasaunt New Dialogue,” Roxburgh Ballads, Ballad Society, 1870, i. 300.—F.
[233] Here follows a paragraph about the legendary foundation of the universities. See Appendix.—W.
[234] Cambridge burned not long since.—H.
[235] Here follows an account of Oxford and Cambridge castles, and the legend of the building of Osney Abbey by Robert and Edith D’Oyley. See Appendix.—W.
[236] This Fox builded Corpus Christi College, in Oxford.—H.
[237] So much also may be inferred of lawyers.—H.
[238] He founded also a good part of Eton College, and a free school at Wainfleet, where he was born.
[239] Compare the later, and no doubt distinct, Two Noble Kinsmen by Shakspere and Fletcher.—F.
[240] See the notes on Theatres in the “New Shakspere Society” reprint.—W. [Also the notes to John Lane in my Tell-Trothe volume.—F.]
[241] Unless this can be shown to have been written later, it must modify Mr. Halliwell’s argument and statement, in his Illustrations, pp. 36, 42, against the early theatres and houses—those before “The Theatre” (Burbage’s) in 1576—being “built” for play-acting. He says, p. 36, “In Northbrooke’s Treatise, 1577-8, Youth asks,—‘doe you speake against those places also whiche are made uppe and builded for such playes and enterludes, as the Theatre and Curtaine is, and other suche lyke places besides?’ By ‘other suche lyke places,’ that is, similar places, the writer perhaps alludes [or perhaps does not] to houses or taverns in which interludes were performed, speaking of such buildings generally, the construction of the sentence not necessarily implying that he refers to other edifices built especially for dramatic representations.” (Yet surely the fair and natural inference from the words is that the “other lyke places” were built for the same purpose as “the Theatre and Curtaine.”) Again, at p. 42, “When Gosson, in his Playes Confuted, c. 1580, speaks of ‘Cupid and Psyche plaid at Paules, and a greate many comedies more at the Blacke friers and in every playe house in London,’ he unquestionably refers to houses or taverns temporarily employed for the performances alluded to.” And, after quoting Rawlidge’s Monster Late Found out, 1628,—“some of the pious magistrates made humble suit to the late Queene Elizabeth of ever-living memorie, and her Privy Counsaile, and obteined leave from her Majesty to thrust those players out of the Citty, and to pull downe the dicing houses; which accordingly was affected; and the play-houses in Gracious street, Bishopsgate street, nigh Paules, that on Ludgate hill, the Whitefriars, were put downe, and other lewd houses quite supprest within the liberties, by the care of those religious senators”—Mr. Halliwell says, “The ‘play-houses’ in Gracious or Gracechurch Street, Bishopsgate Street, and on Ludgate Hill, were the yards respectively of the well-known taverns called the Cross Keys, the Bull, and the Belle Savage.[242] There is no good reason for believing that the other ‘play-houses’ mentioned, those near St. Paul’s and in the Whitefriars, were, at the period alluded to, other than buildings made for the representation of plays, not edifices expressly constructed for the purpose.”—F.
[242] He quotes from Flecknoe’s Short Discourse of the English Stage, 1664, “about the beginning of queen Elizabeths reign they began here to assemble into companies and set up theaters, first in the city, as in the inn-yards of the Cross-Keyes and Bull, in Grace and Bishopsgate street, at this day is to be seen.”—Illustrations, p. 43.—F.
[243] See Crowley’s Epigrams on this, E. E. T. Soc. p. 17.—F.
[244] Very short men or very tall tobacco.—W.
[245] Passions or Patience, a dock so called, apparently from the Italian name under which it was introduced from the South, Lapazio, a corruption of L. lapathum, having been mistaken for la Passio, the Passion of Jesus Christ, Rumex Patientia, L. Dr. Prior, Popular Names of British Plants, p. 175.—F.
[246] The use of tobacco spread very fast in England, to the disgust of Barnaby Rich, James I., and many others. Rich, in The Honestie of this Age, 1614, pp. 25-6, complains of the money wasted on it. He also contests the fact admitted by Harrison above, of tobacco doing good; says it’s reported that 7000 houses live by the trade of tobacco-selling, and that if each of these takes but 2s. 6d. a-day,—and probably it takes 5s.—the sum total amounts to £399,375 a year, “all spent in smoake.” “They say it is good for a cold, for a pose, for rewms, for aches, for dropsies, and for all manner of diseases proceeding of moyst humours: but I cannot see but that those that do take it fastest, are as much (or more) subject to all these infirmities (yea, and to the poxe itself) as those that have nothing at all to do with it.... There is not so base a groome that commes into an ale-house to call for his pot, but he must have his pipe of tobacco; for it is a commoditie that is nowe as vendible in every taverne, inne, and ale-house, as eyther wine, ale, or beare; and for apothicaries shops, grosers shops, chandlers shops, they are (almost) never without company that, from morning till night, are still taking of tobacco. What a number are there besides that doe keep houses, set open shoppes, that have no other trade to live by, but by the selling of tobacco!” See Sir John Davies’s Epigram ‘Of Tobacco, xxxvi.’ (Marlowe’s Works, ed. Cunningham, p. 268) singing its praises in 1598; and also that ‘In Syllam, xxviii.’, p. 267, on the boldness of the man who horrified ‘society’ then, “that dares take tobacco on the stage,” ‘dance in Paul’s,’ etc. (and contrast with him the capital description of a Gull in Epigram II., p. 263). Also the Epigram ‘In Ciprium, xxii.’, 7, p. 266, col. 1.—F.
[247] Lady Dorothy Stafford’s son, and not the William Stafford who wrote the Compendious & briefe Examination, 1581. See my Forewords to the Society’s edition.—F.
[248] Will the memory of this do for the Midsummer Night’s Dream contagious fogs, corn rotted (II. i. 88-100), and empty fold? The rainfloods of 1594 suit better, no doubt; see the end of my Stafford Forewords.—F.
[249] Charles Howard, afterwards Earl of Nottingham, a half-cousin of the poet Surrey.—W.
[250] The respective “minions” (i.e., “darlings”) of the second Edward and the second Richard; but both, unlike Dudley, died wretchedly, one in exile, the other by the block.—W.
[251] “The 10. of Aprill the Parliament brake vp at Westminster, for the time, wherein was granted three subsidies of 2.s. 8.d. the pound goods, and foure s. lands, and 6. fifteenes.”—Stowe’s Annals, ed. 1605, p. 1272. (A good ‘Oration of her maiesty to the parliament men’ follows.)—F.
[252] MS. corrected. I’m not sure of either word. ‘Comeling’ is Harrison’s word for ‘foreigner’; ‘homeling’ for ‘native.’ Can’t we revive ’em? They’re a nice pair.—F.