And finally
Reading edition
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE ABOUT THE EINSTEIN THEORIES
For the non-mathematical reader:
ABBOTT, EDWIN.
Flatland, by A Square. Boston, 1891.
An amusing way of leading up to the fourth dimension.
CAMPBELL, NORMAN.
The Commonsense of Relativity. Philosophical Magazine,
April, 1911.
CARR, WILDON.
The Metaphysical Implications of the Theory of Relativity.
Philosophical Review, Jan., 1915.
CARUS, PAUL.
The Principle of Relativity. Chicago: Open Court Publishing
Co., 1913.
COMSTOCK, D. F.
The Principle of Relativity. Science, May 20, 1910,
vol. 31, p. 767.
CUNNINGHAM, E.
Einstein’s Relativity Theory of Gravitation. Nature,
Dec. 4, 11, and 18, 1919.
An interesting non-mathematical discussion of the latest
phases of the theory.
EDDINGTON, A. S.
Einstein’s Theory of Space and Time. Contemporary
Review, Dec, 1919.
Good popular article.
EDDINGTON, A. S.
Gravitation. Scientific American Supplement, July 6 and
13, 1918.
An excellent popular explanation by the leading British
disciple of Einstein.
EINSTEIN, A.
Time, Space, and Gravitation. Science, Garrison, 1920,
Jan. 3, n.s., vol. 51, p. 8-10.
My Theory. Living Age. Boston, 1920, vol. 304, p. 41-3,
Jan. 3.
FLAMMARION, CAMILLE.
Lumen. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1897.
Contains nothing about Einstein but presents the relativity
of time in fantastic form.
KEYSER, C. J.
Concerning the Figure and the Dimensions of the Universe
of Space. Science, June 13, 1913.
LODGE, SIR OLIVER.
The New Theory of Gravity. Nineteenth Century, Dec.,
1919.
The Ether versus Relativity. Fortnightly Review, Jan.,
1920.
Admirable article by a courteous opponent.
POINCARÉ, HENRI.
Science and Method; also contained in The Foundations
of Science. New York: The Science Press, 1913.
RUSSELL, BERTRAND.
The Relativity Theory of Gravitation. English Review,
Dec., 1919.
A clear explanation by one of the foremost of British
philosophers.
THOMSON, J.
Deflection of Light by Gravitation and the Einstein
Theory of Relativity. Scientific Monthly, Garrison, N. Y.,
1920, vol. 10, p. 79-85, Jan.
VARIOUS WRITERS.
The Fourth Dimension Simply Explained. New York:
Munn and Co., 1910.
The essays submitted for a prize offered by the Scientific
American. Twenty-two mathematicians try their best to
justify the title and if they do not succeed it is not their
fault.
WETZEL, REINHARD A.
The New Relativity in Physics. Science, New York,
1913. New ser., vol. 38, pp. 466-474.
Explains the relativity of time with diagrams and references
to the literature.
Other articles of general interest may be found in:
Science: July 16, 1909; May 20, 1910; June 20, 1913;
April 24, 1914; Dec. 5, 1919.
Scientific American Supplement: April 7, 1917; Dec. 17,
1910.
London Nation: Nov. 14 and Dec. 27, 1919.
London Times: Nov. 8, 18, and 25, Dec. 4 and 19,
1919.
London Nature: Almost every number in Nov., Dec., 1919,
Jan., Feb., 1920.
New York Times: Nov. 7 and 16, Dec. 21, 1919.
New York Sun: Nov. 10, 1919.
The New Republic: Jan. 21, 1920.
For the mathematical reader:
EINSTEIN, ALBERT.
Bases physiques d’une théorie de la gravitation. Société
Astronomique de France. Bulletin, Paris, 1917, Tome 31,
pp. 407-411.
Die formale Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie.
Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Sitzungsberichte, Berlin, 1904 (Juli-Dez.), pp.
1030-1085.
Die Grundlagen der allgemeinen. Relativitätstheorie. Annalen
der Physik, Leipzig, 1916, Band 49, Folge 4, p. 769.
Ist die Trägheit eines Korpers von seinem Energieinhalt
abhängig? Annalen der Physik, Leipzig, 1905, Band 18,
Folge 4, pp. 639-644.
Lichtgeschwindigkeit und Statik des Gravitätionsfeldes.
Annalen der Physik, Leipzig, 1912, Band 38, Folge 4, pp.
355-369.
Prinzipielles zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Annalen
der Physik, Leipzig, 1918, Band 55, Folge 4, pp. 241-244.
Uber das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben
gezogenen Folgerungen. Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und
Elektronik, Leipzig, 1908, Band 4, pp. 411-462.
Uber den Einfluss der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung
des Lichtes. Annalen der Physik, Lypzig, 1911. Band 35,
pp. 898-908.
Uber die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips.
Annalen der Physik, Leipzig, 1907, Band 23,
pp. 197-208.
Uber die vom Relativitätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der
Energie. Annalen der Physik, Leipzig, 1907, Band 23,
Folge 4, pp. 371-384.
Uber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes
betreffendes heuristischen Gesichtspunkt. Annalen der
Physik, Leipzig, 1905, Band 17, Folge 4, pp. 132-148.
Zum gegenwärtigen Stande des Gravitätionsproblems.
Physikalische Zeitschrift, Leipzig, 1913, Band 14, pp. 1249-1266.
Zum Relativitäts Problem. Scientia, Bologna, 1914, vol.
15, pp. 337-48.
Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper. Annalen der
Physik, Leipzig, 1905, Band 17, Folge 4, pp. 891-921.
Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption.
Annalen der Physik, Leipzig, 1906, Band 20, Folge 4, pp.
199-206.
Spielen Gravitationsfelder im Aufbau der materiellen
Elementarteilchen eine wesentliche Rolle? Sitz. Preuss.
Akad. Wiss., April 10, 1919.
EINSTEIN, ALBERT, and MARCEL GROSSMAN.
Entwurf einer verallgemeinerten Relativitätstheorie und
einer Theorie der Gravitation. Zeitschrift für Mathematik
und Physik, Leipzig, 1914, Band 62, pp. 225-261.
EINSTEIN, LORENTZ and MINKOWSKI.
Relativitätsprinzip, Das. Eine Sammlung von Abhandlungen.
Mit Anmerkungen von A. Sommerfeld und Vorwort
von O. Blumenthal. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1913,
89 p. (Fortschritte der mathematischen Wissenschaften in
Monographien, Heft 2.)
A reprint of these three famous fundamental papers.
ABRAHAM, M.
Die neue Mechanik. Scientia, Bologna, 1914, vol. 15,
pp. 8-27.
Nochmals Relativität und Gravitation. Bemerkungen zu A.
Einsteins Erwiderung. Annalen der Physik, Leipzig, 1912,
Folge 4, vol. 39, pp. 444-448.
BACKLUND, A. V.
Zusammenstellung einer Theorie der klassischen Dynamik
und der neuen Gravitätionstheorie von Einstein. Arkiv för
mathematik, astronomie, och fysik, Stockholm, 1919, Band
14, no. 11, 64 seite.
BATEMAN, H.
General Relativity Theory. Phil. Mag., Feb., 1909, vol.
37.
Applies the theory to life and mind.
BRILLOUIN, MARCEL.
Propos Sceptiques au Sujet du Principe de Relativité.
Scientia, Bologna, 1913, vol. 13, pp. 10-26.
BROSE, HENRY L.
Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (non-math. form). Lecture
published in pamphlet by B. H. Blackwell. Noted in
English Mechanic, Dec. 19, 1919.
CARMICHAEL, ROBERT DANIEL.
The Theory of Relativity. Mathematical Monographs,
no. 12. New York: John Wiley, 1913.
COBB, CHARLES W.
Relativity. Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific
Method, Jan. 18, 1917.
CONWAY, A. W.
Relativity. Edin. Math. Tracts, no. 3, London, 1913.
CROMMELIN, A. C. D.
Results of the Total Solar Eclipse of May 29 and the
Relativity Theory. Science, vol. 50, pp. 518-520. Sci. Amer.
Supp., Dec. 6, 1919.
CUNNINGHAM, E.
Report on the Relativity Theory of Gravitation. London,
Green, 1915.
DEZUANI, ARMANDO.
Equilibrio relativo ed equazioni gravitazionali di Einstein
nel caso stazionario. Il nuovo cimento, Pisa, 1919, vol. 18,
pp. 5-25, July, 1919.
DONDER, T. DE.
Gravitational Tensors of Einstein’s Theory. Science Abstracts,
April 30, 1919.
DROSTE, J.
The Field of Moving Centers in Einstein’s Theory of
Gravitation. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.
Proceedings, Amsterdam, 1916, vol. 19, pp. 447-475.
The Field of a Single Center in Einstein’s Theory of
Gravitation and the Motion of a Particle in that Field.
Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Proceedings,
Amsterdam, 1916, vol. 19, pp. 197-218.
EDDINGTON, A. S.
Report on the Relativity Theory of Gravitation. London:
Fleetway Press, 1918. 91 p.
The only account of Einstein’s latest theory in English.
EDDINGTON, A. S., and OTHERS.
The Deflection of Light by Gravitation and the Einstein
Theory of Relativity. The Report of the British Eclipse
Expedition to the Royal Society. Scientific Monthly, Jan.,
1920.
GROSSMAN, MARCEL.
Définitions, méthodes et problèmes mathématiques relatifs
à la théorie de la gravitation. Archives des Sciences
Physiques et Naturelles, Genève, Jan.-Juin, 1914, 4 période,
Tome 37, pp. 13-19.
GUILLAUME, E.
Theory of Relativity. Archives des Sciences, Dec., 1918,
vol. 46.
HUMM, R. J.
Energy Equations of General Theory of Relativity. Annalen
der Physik, 1919, vol. 58.
HUNTINGTON, EDWARD V.
A new approach to the theory of relativity. Festschrift
Heinrich Weber. Leipzig, 1912, pp. 147-169.
ISHIWARA, JUN.
Zur relativistischen Theorie der Gravitation. Tohoku Imperial
University. Science reports, ser. 1, Sendai, Japan,
vol. 4, pp. 111-160.
KAFKA, H.
Tensor Analysis. Annalen der Physik, 1919, vol. 58, pp.
1-54.
KOTTLER, FRIEDRICH.
Uber die physikalischen Grundlagen der einsteinschen
Gravitätionstheorie. Annalen der Physik, Leipzig, 1918,
Band 56, Folge 4, pp. 408-462.
LARMOR, J.
Essence of Physical Relativity. Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc.,
vol. 4, Nov., 1918.
LAUE, RD. M.
Das Relativitätsprinzip. Braunschweig, 1911. 208 p.
LECORNU, LÉON.
La Mécanique. Paris: Flammarion, 1909.
LORENTZ, H. A.
Considerations élémentaires sur le principe de relativité.
Revue générale des sciences, Paris, 1914. Tome 25, pp.
179-186.
La gravitation. Scientia. Bologna, 1914, vol. 6, pp. 28-59.
Das Relativitätsprinzip. 1914.
La Gravitation. Scientia, Bologna, 1914, vol. 16, pp. 28-59.
On Einstein’s theory of gravitation. Koninklijke Akademie
van Wetenschappen. Proceedings, Amsterdam, 1917-18,
vol. 19, pp. 1341-1369; vol. 20, pp. 2-34.
On Hamilton’s principle in Einstein’s theory of gravitation.
Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Proceedings,
Amsterdam, 1917, vol. 19, pp. 751-765.
LUNN, ARTHUR C.
Some functional equations in the theory of relativity.
American Mathematical Society. Bulletin, Lancaster, Pa.,
1919, vol. 26, pp. 26-34.
MICHELSON, A. A., and MORLEY, E. W.
The Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous
Ether. American Journal of Science, 1887, vol. 34, p. 333.
See also: Astro-Physical Journal, vol. 37, pp. 100-193.
The report of the crucial experiments that upset the idea
of a stationary ether.
MINKOWSKI, HERMANN.
Relativitätsprinzip. Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung.
Leipzig, 1915, Band, 24, pp. 1241-1244.
NORDSTRÖM, GUNNAR.
Einstein’s theory of gravitation and Herglotz’s mechanics
of continua. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.
Proceedings, Amsterdam, 1917, vol. 19.
NORDSTRÖM, G.
On the Energy of the Gravitation Field in Einstein’s
Theory. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Proceedings,
Amsterdam, 1918, vol. 20, pp. 1238-1245.
PALATINI, A.
La Teoria di Relatività nel suo Sviluppo Storieo. Scientia,
Nov. and Dec., 1919 (in Italian and French).
PLANCK, MAX.
Zur Dynamik bewegter Systeme. Königlich Preussischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungberichte, Berlin, 1907,
pp. 542-570.
His theory.
PETZOLDT, J.
Does the Relativity Theory Exclude the Reality of Space
and Time? Deutsche Phys. Gesell., Dec. 30, 1918.
RITZ, W.
La gravitation. Scientia, Bologna, 1909, vol. 5, pp. 152-165.
RUFUS, CARL.
Relativity in astronomy. Popular Astronomy, Northfield,
Minn., 1918, vol. 26, pp. 160-165.
SILBERSTEIN, L.
The Theory of Relativity. London: Macmillan, 1914,
92 p.
SITTER, W. DE.
On Einstein’s theory of gravitation, and its astronomical
consequences. Royal Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices,
London, 1915-18, vol. 76, pp. 699-728; vol. 77, pp.
155-184; vol. 78, pp. 3-28.
On the relativity of rotation in Einstein’s theory.
Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Proceedings,
Amsterdam, 1917, vol. 19, pp. 527-532.
On the relativity of inertia. Remarks concerning Einstein’s
latest hypothesis. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.
Proceedings, Amsterdam, 1917, vol. 19, pp.
1217-1255.
Planetary motion and the motion of the moon according
to Einstein’s theory. Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.
Proceedings, Amsterdam, 1916, vol. 19, pp. 367-381.
Further Remarks on the Solutions of the Field-equations
of Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation. Koninklijke Akademie
van Wetenschappen. Proceedings, Amsterdam, 1918, vol. 20,
pp. 1309-1312.
ST. JOHN, CHARLES EDWARD.
The principle of generalized relativity and the displacement
of the Fraunhofer lines toward the red. Carnegie
Institution of Washington. Contributions of the Mount
Wilson Solar Observatory, Washington, vol. 7, no. 138.
TRESLIN, J.
The equations of the theory of electrons in a gravitation
field of Einstein deduced from a variation principle.
Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Proceedings,
Amsterdam, 1917, Band 19, pp. 892-896.
TUNZELMAN, G. W. DE.
Relativity Theory. Science Progress, 1919, vol. 13.
WEYL, H.
Eine neue Erweiterung der Relativitätstheorie. Annalen
der Physik, 1919, vol. 59, pp. 100-123.
Raum, Zeit, Materie. Springer. 1918.
Zur Gravitätionstheorie. Annalen der Physik, 1917, vol.
54, pp. 117-145.
WILSON, EDWIN BIDWELL.
Generalized coördinates, relativity, and gravitation. Astrophysical
Journal, Chicago, 1917, vol. 45, pp. 244-253.
WILSON, WILLIAM.
Relativity and gravitation. Physical Society of London.
Proceedings, London, 1919, vol. 31, pp. 69-77.
WILSON and LEWIS.
The Time-Space Manifold. Proceedings of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, Nov., 1912, vol. 48, pp. 389-506.