Part 3 — INDEX

A Affection for animals, 62, 63 Affections, of born criminals, 27 in children, 133 examination of, 222-225 Age and crime, 102, 151, 152 Akkas, tribe of Central Africa, 15 Alcoholism, and hallucinations, 30, 82-84 chronic, 81, 142-143 physical characteristics, 81, 82 psychic disturbances caused by, 82-84 results of, 83 apathy and impulsiveness of victims, 84, 85 crimes peculiarly due to, 85, 142 course of the disease, 86 hereditary, 138 important factor in criminality, 138, 141 temporary, 141-142 and epilepsy, 142 effect on handwriting, 229 Algometer, 25, 246 Anfossi's tachyanthropometer, 237 craniograph, 239 Angelucci (Actes du Congrès d' Anthropologie), case of epileptic moral insanity, 69 Anomalies, of criminals, 7, 10-24, 231-235 of morally insane, 53 Anthropology, criminal, defined, 5 most important discovery of, 137 practical application of, 262-279 Aphasia, simulation of, 272 ff., 275 Arson, 121 Arts and industries of criminals, 44, 135 Assaulters, 25 Asylums for criminal insane, 205-208 Asymmetry, 13, 53, 242, 261 Atavism, 18, 135, 136 Atavistic origin of the criminal, 8, 9, 19, 48, 135 Australia, probation system in, 189, 191 Austria, percentage of illegitimates among criminals, 144 percentage of women among criminals, 151 Auto-illusion, 108, 109 Aymaras, the, an Indian tribe of South America, 6 Azara, d' (Travels in America, 1835), 126 Azeglio, Massimo d' (Reminiscences), 148 B Bain, 130 Ballvé, Señor, director of Penitenciario Nacional of Buenos Ayres, 201 Bank of Rome case, 106, 107 Barnardo, Dr., work for orphans and destitute children of London, 158-160 Beccaria, Cesare, founder of Classical School of Penal Jurisprudence, 3, 4 Bedlam, 207 Belgian Government, agricultural colony founded at Meseplas by, 202 Belgium, probation system in, 191 Bernard, experiments with dogs, 60 Blasio, de, explanation of hieroglyphics of the Camorristi, 43, 44 Booth, General, 156, 157 Born criminals, 3-51 percentage of, among criminals, 8, 100 physical characteristics, 10-24, 231-255 sensory and functional peculiarities, 24-27 affections and passions, 27, 28 moral characteristics, 28-40 intelligence, 41 relation to moral insanity and epilepsy, 58-73, 87, 259 professional characteristics, 71 difference between epileptics and, 72 no criminal scale among, 152 institutions for, 205 ff. Bosco and Rice (Les Homicides aux Etats-Unis), on crime in Massachusetts, 173 Brigands, 35, 113-115, 215 Broadmoor, 207, 208 Brockway, 192 Büchner, on instincts in bees and ants, 142 Burglars, 25 Burton (First Footsteps in East Africa), 128 C Cabred, Professor, 203, 204 Camorra, 44, 48, 117, 230 Camorristi, hieroglyphics of, 43, 44 dress, 230 Canada, homes for destitute children, 160 Capital punishment, 208, 209 Carrara, Francesco, 4 Carrara, Prof. Mario, on neglected children, 130 Cephalic index, 10, 241 Children, destructive tendency, 65 instincts, 130 ff. affection, 133 effect of environment on, 144 institutions for destitute, 156 ff. methods of dealing with, 176 ff. susceptibility to suggestion, 226 Children's courts. See Juvenile courts Cinædus, 231, 244 Classical School of Penal Jurisprudence, 4, 9 Classification of criminals, 8 Colour-blindness, 26, 249 Confession of criminaloids, 105 Connon, Richard, 53 Coprophagia, 274, 275 Corporal punishment, 191 Cretins, physical characteristics, 227, 234, 236, 260 dress, 231 Crime, origin of the word, 125 among primitive races, 125 ff. in civilised communities, 134 atavistic origin, 135, 136, 137 ætiology of, 136 pathological origin, 137 organic factors, 137 percentage of, among Jews, 140 social causes, 143 prevention, 153 ff. curability, 153, 156 Criminal, the, defined, 3 Criminal type, 24, 48 Criminaloids, 100-121 percentage of, among criminals, 8 physical characteristics, 102, 251 psychological distinctions between born criminals and, 102 ff. cases of, 103, 104 reluctance to commit crimes, 105 easily induced to confess, 105 moral sense and intelligence, 106 natural affections and sentiments, 106 social position and culture, 107 ff. clever swindlers, 108 development into habitual criminals, 111-113 and certain crimes, 121 punishment, 186 Cruelty, 39 Cynicism, 31 D Dalton (Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal), 129 Danish prisons, 195 "Darwin's tubercle," 15, 235 Dejerine, 138 Delirium, 98 Dementia, 76, 227, 259, 260 simulations of, 272 ff. Despine's method of punishment, 195, 196 Destitute children, care of, 156 institutions for, 156 ff. Dewson, Miss Mary, 189 Disease and its relation to crime, 8, 220 Don Bosco, the Black Pope, 157, 173 Drunkenness, temporary, 141. See also Alcoholism Du Bois-Reymond's apparatus, 25, 246 Dundrum, Ireland, 207 Dynamometer, 252, 253 E Economic conditions, relation to crime, 150 Education, and moral insanity, 143 and crime, 143, 149 in Elmira Reformatory, 193 "Educational Alliance," for Jewish emigrants, 172 Egypt, theft in, 128 Elmira Reformatory, 192-194 England, crime in, 173 juvenile court in, 176 probation system in, 189, 191 asylums for criminal insane, 207 Environment, 8, 144, 145 Epilepsy, ancient application of the term, 58 characteristic phenomena, 58 mild forms, 59, 60 multiformity, 59, 60, 87 psychological characteristics, 61 effect on character, 62 relation to crime, 69, 71 motory and criminal, 71 psychic, 88 ambulatory, 89, 90 alcoholic psychic, 142 Epileptics, brain cells of, 22 relation to born criminals and morally insane 58 ff., 87 physical anomalies common to criminals and, 60, 61, 234 psychological characteristics, 61 ff. cases, 64-65 criminal, 66-69, 70, 259 difference between born criminals and, 72 non-criminal, 89-92 obsessions, 226 dress, 230 special offences, 259, 260 Epileptoids, 101 Erotomania, 96 Esthesiometer, 245 Examination of criminals, 219-257 antecedents and psychic individuality, 220-222 intelligence, 222 affections, 222-225 morbid phenomena, 225-226 speech, 226-228 memory, 228 handwriting, 228-230 dress, 230-231 physical, 231-245 sensibility, 245-251 movements, 251-255 functions, 255 table of, 255-257 F Fines, 187, 191 Fisherton House, 207 Forgers, 46, 140, 245 France, percentage of illegitimates or orphans among minors arrested, 144 system for minor offences, 187 probation system in, 191 Frank, Francis, 223 French Panama Scandal, 106, 107 G Gambling, 40 Games, 40 Garofalo, Senator, his table of penalties, 210 George, Henry, 164 George Junior Republic, 160, 164-167 Germans, ancient, theft among, 128, 129 Gilmour (Among the Mongols), 130 Gipsies, 140 Goitre, 220, 244 H Habitual criminals, 44, 110-115, 198 Hallucinations, 30, 82-84 Hamburg, percentage of illegitimates among prostitutes, 144 Handwriting, 228-230 Harwick, quoted, on sense of right and wrong, 33 Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society in New York City, 160-164 Heredity, indirect, 137 direct, 57, 137-139 influence of, 144, 220, 235 Hieroglyphics, 43, 44 Homicide, among criminaloids, 121 in Italy, 140 relation of temperature to, 145 in Massachusetts, 173 and melancholia, 259 Hydrosphygmograph, 223 Hypnotism, 101 Hysteria, 92-99 relation to epilepsy, 92 physical and functional characteristics, 93 psychology, 94 susceptibility to suggestion, 95, 226 and delirium, 98 sensibility to metals, 248, 261 special offences of, 259 simulation of, 261 I Idiots, impulses, 74, 258 speech, 227 physical characteristics, 235, 260 Idleness, 40, 150 Illegitimates, percentage of, among criminals, 144 Imbeciles, 75, 259, 260, 269 Imitation, 146 Immigration and its relation to crime, 147, 148 Imprisonment, 154, 186, 187 Impulsiveness, 36, 85 Incendiaries, 26 Indemnity, 191 India, infanticide in, 126 theft in, 129 Industrial Homes of the Salvation Army, 168 Inebriates, crimes peculiar to, 85-86 hallucinations of, 226 Infanticide, 121, 126, 127 Insane, the morally, relation to born criminals, 53, 57, 58 cases, 53 ff. relation to epileptics, 61, 65 ff. professional characteristics, 71 institutions for, 206 dress, 230 special offences, 259, 260 Insane criminals, 74-99, 234 characteristics distinguishing them from habitual criminals, 77, 78 antecedents, 78 motives, 78 typical cases, 79 institutions for, 205 ff. two classes, 208 Insanity, moral, 56, 65-69, 272 ff. criminal, 74-99 genuine and simulation of, 260, 276. See also Lunacy Institutions, for destitute children, 156 for destitute adults, 167 for women criminals, 180 for minor offenders, 185 for habitual criminals, 198 for born criminals and the morally insane, 205. See also Reformatories, Penitentiaries Intellectual manifestations of born criminals, 42-44 Intelligence, of born criminals, 41 of criminaloids, 106 examination, 222 Invulnerability of criminals, 64 Italy, hot-beds of crime in, 140 percentage of illegitimates among criminals, 144 percentage of women among criminals, 151 institutions for orphans, 157 J Jackson, on epileptic fits, 60 Jews, percentage of crime among, 140 Jukes family, the, 138, 139 Juridical criminals, 115-117 Juvenile courts, 176, 178, 179 Juvenile offenders, 139 methods of dealing with, 176 ff., 192 K Kleptomania, 141 Kowalewsky (Archivio di Psichiatria, 1885), 63 Krafft-Ebing, 84 quoted, on somnambulism and epileptics, 63 L Labour, in reformatories, 166, 199 enforced, profitable to the State, 202, 203, 213 Lacassagne, 47 Ladelci (Il Vino, 1868), 37 Landolt's apparatus for testing the field of vision, 249 Lewisohn, Mr., 161 Lombroso, Cesare, discovery of median occipital fossa, 6 new theory as to criminals, 52, 56, 57 view of hysteria and epilepsy, 99 on percentage of criminals of inebriate families, 138 on criminal associations, 146 Criminal Man, 9, 288-291 Modern Forms of Crime, 9 Recent Research in Criminal Anthropology, 9, 309 Prison Palimpsests, 9, 155, 300-302 The Female Offender, 180, 291-294 Crimes, Ancient and Modern, 173, 302-303 The Man of Genius, 283-288 Political Crime, 294-298 Too Soon, 298-300 Diagnostic Methods of Legal Psychiatry, 303-305 Anarchists, 305-307 Lectures on Legal Medicine, 307-308 Luciani, experiments of, 59 Lunacy, general forms, 74, See also Insanity M Maccabruni, Dr. (Notes on Hidden Forms of Epilepsy, 1886), 89 Mafia, 117, 230 Magnaud, 187 Maniacs, 76, 259 Manzoni (Promessi Sposi), on instinctive tendency to law-breaking, 152 Marey's tympanum, 224 Marro (Annalidi Freniatia, 1890), 64 Massachusetts, crime in, 173 probation office in Boston, 189 reformatories at Boston, 190 Mattoids, 228, 229 Median occipital fossa, discovery of, 6 Melancholia, 75, 227, 252, 259 Memory, 228 Mendacity, 96-98 Meseplas, agricultural colony at, 202, 203 Metchnikoff, 14 Meteoric sensibility, 26 Modern School of Penal Jurisprudence, 4, 5, 9, 153, 155, 156 Monomaniacs, impulses and motives, 77 cases, 78, 276 ff. handwriting, 228, 230 dress, 231 examination of, 276 ff. Moral sense, of criminals, 28-40 of criminaloids, 106 Moreau, 130 (De l' Homicide chez les enfants, 1882), 131 Morel, 53, 98 Mülhausen (Diary of a Journey from the Mississippi to the Pacific), 129 Murder, among gipsies, 140 among Jews, 140 in United States, 145 Murderers, physical characteristics, 16, 18, 26, 46, 236 moral sense, 29, 38 imprisonment, 182 dress, 230 N Newspaper reports of crimes, influence of, 146, 147 Nothnagel's thermo-esthesiometer, 247 O Obermayer's methods in prisons, 195, 196 Obscenity, 63 Occupations suitable for prisoners, 197, 203, 204 "Open Door," the, penal institution in Buenos Ayres, 203, 204 Orange, 208 Orgies, 40 Osmometer, 251 Ottolenghi, discoveries of, 61 P Paralysis, 75, 226, 229 Paralytic, demented, 269 "Paranza," 48 Paresis, 82, 83 Parkinson's disease, 252 Passion, criminals of, 117-121, 186 Patrizi, 224 "Patta, La" 41 Pears (Prisons and Reform, 1872), 196 Pederasts, 232 Pellagra, 76, 150 Pelvimeter, 239 Penal codes, 176, 178 Penal colonies, 201-204 Penalties, 153 table of, proposed by the Modern School, 210-212 Penitenciario Nacional of Buenos Ayres, 198-203 Penitentiaries, 194-198 Penta, on percentage of criminals of inebriate families, 138 Perez,(Psychologie de l'enfant), quoted, on anger in children, 131 Perth, Scotland, 207 Peruvian Indians, 6, 7 Physical anomalies of criminals, 7, 10-24, 231-245 Pictet, 125 Pictography, 43 Pinel, 37, 53 Plethysmograph, 223, 225, 264 Poisoners, 31, 182 Political offenders, 186 Polyandry, 127 Population, density of, effect on criminality, 146, 148 Positive School of Penal Jurisprudence. See Modern School of Penal Jurisprudence Pott, 125 Poverty and crime, 150 Precocity in crime, 222 Preventive methods, 175 ff. Primitive races, tattooing among, 45 views of crime, 125-129, 134 death penalty among, 209 Prison life, effect upon criminals, 148, 149, 153, 154, 186 Probation Office in Boston, 189 Probation system, 178, 179, 188-191 Professions and crime, 149, 150, 221 Progeneismus, 13, 60, 243 Prognathism, 7, 12 Prostitution, 144, 151, 180 Proverbial sayings concerning criminals, 49, 50 Prussia, percentage of illegitimates among criminals, 144 Psychology of born criminals, 27 ff. Ptosis, 14, 236 Punishments, 185 corporal, 191 capital, 208, 209 R Race and crime, 139, 140 Recidivists, 46, 222 Reformatories, 182, 192 Reformatory Prison for Women at South Framingham, near Boston, 183-185 Remorse, 29 Repentance, 29 Rescue Homes of the Salvation Army, 169 Revue d'Anthropologie, 1874, 128 Ribaudo, Brancaleone, 138 Richet, experiments with dogs, 59, 60 on hysteria, 95 Roncoroni, discoveries of, 21, 22, 61, 100 Rosenbach, experiments of, 59 "Rota, La" 41 S Salvation Army, 167-170 Samt, on epilepsy, 88, 90, 91 San Stefano, island, convict population, 34 Sensibility, general, 24, 245, 246, 277 to touch and pain, 25, 245, 246, 277 to the magnet, 26 meteoric, 26 of the senses, 26, 249-251 localisation of, 247 to metals, 248 Simulation, 97, 261, 272 Sisterhoods founded by Rabbi Gottheil, 170-172 Skin diseases, 232 Skull, formations, 10-12 measurements, 239-242 Slang, 28, 33, 42, 152 Smugglers, 114 Snow (Two Years' Cruise round Tierra del Fuego), 129 Social causes of crime, 143 Somatic examination, 260, 277 Somnambulism, 63, 141 South America, institutions for orphans, 157 Salvation Army in, 170 reformatories, 192 penal institution in Buenos Ayres, 203 Spain, percentage of women among criminals, 151 Spencer (Principles of Ethics, 1895), 129 Strabismus, 14, 236 Strength, 27, 252 Suggestion, susceptibility to, 95, 269 examination of, 226 case, 269 Suicide, 119, 259 Swindlers, characteristics, 16, 18, 20, 25, 46, 231, 245, 246 percentage among criminaloids, 108 cases, 109 imprisonment of, 182 Sydenham, on hysteria, 95 Symbiosis, 212-215 T Tachyanthropometer, 237 Tamburini, quoted, 37 Tardieu (De la Folie, 1870), 85 Tattooing, 39, 45-48, 232 Temperature, relation to crime, 145 Theft, instincts of, 37, 38 petty, 117 percentage of, among criminaloids, 121 among primitive races, 128-130 and paralysis, 259 and epileptics, 260 Thieves, physical characteristics, 20, 46, 150, 236, 243-244 cases, 28, 29, 37, 38 moral sense, 32-35 handwriting, 230 Tissié (Les alienés voyageurs, 1887), 88 Tonnini, 62, 64, 65 Traumatism, 140, 141 Treachery, 34 U United States, institutions for destitute children, 160 percentage of crime in, 173, 174 probation system in, 178, 189, 190 juvenile courts in, 178 reformatories in, 192 V Vanicek, 126, 127 Vanity, 35 Vidocq, 35 Vindictiveness, 38 Volumetric glove, 224 Volumetric tank, 223 W Weber's esthesiometer, 245 Where the Shadows Lengthen, 168 Women, percentage of criminality among, 151, 180 nature of criminality among, 181, 182 Work, motive force of every institute, 197 Wormian bones, 12 Z Zakka Khel, criminal tribe in India, 129, 140 Zehen, experiments of, 59 Zino, 41