TABLE I.
Reading edition
FACTS IN RELATION TO COTTON—ITS GROWTH, MANUFACTURE, AND INFLUENCE ON COMMERCE, SLAVERY, EMANCIPATION, ETC., CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.
Years.Great Britain Annual Import and Consumption of Cotton, from earliest dates to 1858, in lbs.United States' Annual Exports Cotton to Great Britain and Europe generally.
1641 1697 1701 1700 to 1705 1710 1720 1730 1741 1751 1764 1771 to 1775 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 Cotton manufacture first named in English history. Total Imports. 1,976,359 1,985,868 } 1,170,881 715,008 1,972,805 1,545,472 1,645,031 2,976,610 3,870,392 } 6,766,613 5,198,778 11,828,039 9,735,663 11,482,083 18,400,384 19,475,020 23,250,268 20,467,436 32,576,023 31,447,605 28,706,675 34,907,497 19,040,929 24,358,567 26,401,340 23,126,357 23,354,371 31,880,641 43,379,278 56,010,732 56,004,305 60,345,600 53,812,284 61,867,329 59,682,406 58,176,283 74,925,306 43,605,982 92,812,282 132,488,935 91,576,535 63,025,936 50,966,000 73,728,000 96,200,000 97,310,000 126,240,000 Total Consumption. 109,902,000 109,518,000 120,265,000 129,029,000 145,493,000 154,146,000 165,174,000 166,831,000 150,213,000 197,200,000 217,860,000 219,200,000 247,600,000 262,700,000 276,900,000 287,000,000 303,000,000 326,407,692 363,684,232 367,564,752 477,206,108 445,744,000 517,254,400 460,387,200 477,339,200 555,214,400 570,731,200 626,496,000 624,000,000 442,416,000 602,160,000 624,000,000 606,000,000 648,000,000 817,998,048 746,376,848 761,646,704 775,814,112 877,225,440 837,406,300 884,733,696 . . . . . . . . . . . 1747-48, 7 bags of Cotton were shipped from Charleston, S. C., to England. 1770, 2,000 lbs. shipped from Charleston. 71 bags shipped and seized in England, on the ground that America could not produce so much. lbs. 189,316 500,000 1,601,760 6,276,300 6,100,000 3,800,000 9,330,000 9,500,000 17,789,803 20,900,000 27,500,000 41,900,000 38,900,000 40,330,000 37,500,000 66,200,000 12,000,000 53,200,000 93,900,000 62,200,000 29,000,000 19,400,000 17,800,000 83,000,000 81,800,000 95,660,000 92,500,000 88,000,000 127,800,000 124,893,405 144,675,095 173,723,270 142,369,663 176,449,907 204,535,415 294,310,115 210,590,463 264,837,186 298,459,102 276,979,784 322,215,122 324,698,604 384,717,907 387,358,992 423,631,307 444,211,537 595,952,297 413,624,212 743,941,061 530,204,100 584,717,017 792,297,106 663,633,455 872,905,996 547,558,055 527,219,958 814,274,431 1,026,602,269 635,381,604 927,237,089 1,093,230,639 1,111,570,370 987,833,106 1,008,424,601 1,351,431,827 1,048,282,475 1,118,624,012 1,372,755,006
Great Britain's sources of Cotton supplies other than the United States, with total Cotton crop of United States at intervals.Dates of Inventions promoting the growth and manufacture of Cotton, and of movements to elevate the African race.
Previous to 1791 Great Britain obtained her supplies of Cotton from the West Indies and South America, and the countries around the eastern parts of the Mediterranean. From that date she began to receive supplies from the U. S. 1786. Imports by Great Britain from— Br. W. Indies,lbs. 5,800,000 Fr. and Spanish Colonies5,500,000 Dutch do.1,600,000 Portuguese do.2,000,000 Turkey and Smyrna,5,000,000 1789. Cotton crop of United States, 1,000,000 lbs. 1791. Imports by Great Britain from— Br. West Indies,lbs. 12,000,000 Brazil,20,000,000 1794. Cotton crop of the U. S., 8,000,000 lbs. 1796. Cotton crop of the U. S., 10,000,000 lbs. 1798. India, the first imports from, 1,622,000 lbs. 1799. Cotton crop of the U. S., 20,000,000 lbs. 1800. Exports from— India,lbs. 30,000,000 West Indies,17,000,000 Brazil,24,000,000 Elsewhere,7,000,000 1806. Cotton crop of the U. S., 80,000,000 lbs. 1812. War declared between the United States and Great Britain. 1815. Peace proclaimed between the United States and Great Britain. 1818. Cotton crop of the U. S., 125,000,000 lbs. 1821. Exports from— West Indies,lbs. 9,000,000 Brazil,28,000,000 India,50,000,000 Turkey and Egypt,5,500,000 Elsewhere,6,000,000 1822. Cotton crop of the U. S., 210,000,000 lbs. 1828. Cotton crop of the U. S., 325,000,000 lbs. Imports by Great Britain from West Indies,— 1829.lbs. 4,640,414 1830,3,449,249 1831, 2,401,685 1834, 2,296,525 1832. Imports by Great Britain from— Brazil,lbs. 20,109,560 Turkey and Egypt,9,113,890 East Indies and Mauritius5,178,625 British West Indies.1,708,764 Elsewhere,964,933 1838. Imports by Great Britain from— Brazil,lbs. 24,464,505 East Indies and Mauritius40,230,064 British West Indies,928,425 1840. Imports by Great Britain from— British West Indies,lbs. 427,529 1841. Imports by Great Britain from India, 1835 to 1839, annual average, 57,600,000 lbs. Imports by Great Britain, 1840 to 1844, during the Chinese war, 92,800,000 lbs. 1845. Do. from Egypt, 32,537,600 lbs. 1848. Imports by Great Britain from— West Indies and Demarara,lbs. 3,155,600 Brazil and Portuguese Colonies40,080,400 East Indies,91,004,800 Imports by Great Britain from— 1849. East Indies,lbs. 72,800,000 1850. Do.123,200,000 1852. Do.84,022,432 1853. Do.180,431,496 1854. Do.119,835,968 1855. Do.145,218,976 1856. Imports by Great Britain from— British East Indies,lbs. 180,496,624 Brazil,21,830,704 Egypt,34,399,008 1857. Imports from— Brazil,lbs. 29,910,832 Egypt,24,532,256 1858. Imports from Brazil,lbs. 18,617,872 Do. Egypt,38,232,320 Previous to the invention of the machinery named below, all carding, spinning, and weaving of wool and cotton had been done by the use of the hand-cards, one-spindle wheels, and common hand-looms. The work, for a long period, was performed in families; but the improved machinery propelled by steam power, has so reduced the cost of cotton manufactures, that all household manufacturing has long since been abandoned, and the monopoly yielded to capitalists, who now fill the world with their cheap fabrics. 1762. Carding machine invented. 1767. Spinning Jenny invented. 1769. Spinning Roller-frame invented. " Cotton first planted in the United States. " Watt's Steam Engine patented. 1775. Mule Jenny invented. 1776. Virginia forbids foreign slave trade. 1780. Emancipation by Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. 1781. Muslins first made in England. 1784. Emancipation by Connecticut and Rhode Island. 1785. Watts' Engine improved and applied to cotton machinery. First cotton mill erected, 1783. 1785. New York Abolition Society organized. 1786. Carding and spinning machines erected in Massachusetts. 1787. Power Loom invented. " First Cotton mill erected in Beverly, Massachusetts. " Pennsylvania Abolition Society formed. " Slavery excluded from N. W. Territory, including Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, &c. 1789. Franklin issues an appeal for aid to instruct the free blacks. 1792. Emancipation by New Hampshire. 1793. Cotton Gin invented. 1799. Emancipation by New York. 1804. Do. New Jersey. 1800. Cotton consumed in the United States, 200,000 lbs. 1801. United States exported to— France, lbs. 750,000 England 19,000,000 1803. Louisiana Territory acquired, including the region between the Mississippi river (upper and lower) and the Mexican line. 1805. United States export to France, 4,500,000 lbs. 1807. Fulton started his steamboat. 1808. Slave trade prohibited by United States and England. 1808. Cotton manufacture established in Boston. 1810. Cotton consumed in United States, 4,000,000 lbs. 1812. Two-thirds of steam engines in Great Britain employed in cotton spinning, etc. 1813. United States export to France, 10,250,000 lbs. 1815. Power Loom first used in United States. 1816. First steamboat crossed the British Channel. 1816. Power Loom brought into general use in England. 1817. Colonization Society organized. 1819. Florida annexed. 1820. Slave trade declared piracy by Congress. 1820. Emigrants to Liberia first sent. 1821. Benjamin Lundy published his "Genius of Universal Emancipation." 1823. United States export to France, 25,000,000 lbs. 1824. Do. do. do. 40,500,000 lbs. 1825. New York and Erie Canal opened. Production and manufacture of cotton now greatly above the consumption, and prices fell so as to produce general distress and stagnation, which continued with more or less intensity throughout 1828 and 1829. The fall of prices was about 55 per cent.—Encyc. Amer. 1826. Creek Indians removed from Georgia. 1829. Emancipation in Mexico. 1830. United States export to France, 75,000,000 lbs. 1831. Slave Insurrection in Virginia. 1832. Garrison declares war against the Colonization Society. 1832. Ohio Canal completed. 1833. Cotton consumption in France, 72,767,551 lbs. 1834. Emancipation in West Indies, commenced. 1834. Birney deserted the Colonization Society. 1835. United States export to France, 100,330,000 lbs. 1836. Gerrit Smith repudiates the Colonization Society. 1836. Cherokee and Choctaw Indians removed from Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama. 1837. American Anti-Slavery Society had an income of $36,000, and 70 agents commissioned. 1838. Colonization Society had an income of only $10,900. 1840. Cotton consumed in the United States, 106,000,000 lbs. 1844. Value of cotton goods imported into the United States $13,286,830. 1845. Texas annexed. 1846. Mexican War. 1847. Gold discovered in California. 1848. New Mexico and California annexed. 1849. United States export to France, 151,340,000 lbs. Do. Other Continental countries, 128,800,000 lbs. 1850. Cotton consumed in United States, 256,000,000 lbs. 1851. Value of United States cotton fabrics, $61,869,184. 1853. Value of cottons imported, $27,675,000. 1853. United States export to England, 768,596,498 lbs. 1853. Do. do. Continent, 335,271,064 lbs. 1855. United States export to Great Britain and North American Colonies, 672,409,874 lbs. 1855. Do. do. Continent, 322,905,056 lbs. 1855. Value of Cottons imported, $21,655,624. The remaining statistics of this column can be found in the other Tables.
Note.—Our commercial year ends June 30: that of England January 1. This will explain any seeming discrepancy in the imports by her from us, and our exports to her.
N. B.—In 1781 Great Britain commenced re-exporting a portion of her imports of Cotton to the Continent; but the amount did not reach a million of pounds, except in one year, until 1810, when it rose to over eight millions. The next year, however, it fell to a million and a quarter, and only rose, from near that amount, to six millions in 1814 and 1815. From 1818, her consumption, only, of cotton, is given, as best representing her relations to slave labor for that commodity. After this date her exports of cotton gradually enlarged, until, in 1853, they reached over one hundred and forty-seven millions of pounds. Of this, over eighty-two millions were derived from the United States, and over fifty-nine millions from India. That is to say, of her imports of 180,431,000 lbs. in 1853, from India, she re-exported 59,000,000.
We are enabled to add, for our second edition, that the imports of Cotton into Great Britain, from India, for 1854, amounted to 119,835,968 lbs., of which 66,405,920 lbs. were re-exported; and that her imports from the same for 1855 amounted to 145,218,976 lbs., of which 66,210,704 lbs. were re-exported; thus leaving, for the former year, but 53,430,048 lbs., and for the latter but 79,008,272 lbs. of East India Cotton for consumption in England. The present condition of cotton supplies from India up to 1859, will be seen in the extracts from the London Economist.