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Chaucer's Works, Volume 1 — Romaunt of the Rose; Minor Poems

Front matter (continued 7)

Reading edition

Explicit.

5814. Th. wyl; G. tille. 5820. Both sworne. 5821. G. The (for That). Both nyl not. 5827. Th. leest; G. lest. 5831. G. tresoure. 5836. G. axide.

5855. Both kepte; F. qui mestrie. 5859. G. oost. 5860. Both that ilke. 5861. G. Agayns; Th. Agaynst. 5869, 70. Both entent, present. 5871. Both vesselage. 5879. Supply at. 5883. Both As my nede is. 5886. Om. eek? 5894. G. fortresse. 5900. Both That such; om. That. Both ben take; om. ben.

5906, 53. Supply hast, by. 5920. G. thilk. 5935. G. myche. 5939. Th. marchauntes; G. marchauntz. 5942. Both folyly. 5946. Th. vyce; G. wise. 5947. G. trust; pay. 5958. Th. surere. 5959. Both beaute (!). 5960. Both That I.

5976. Both ful dere. 5977. Both leest; supply she. 5980. Th. thylke; G. thilk. 5983. Th. grype; G. grepe. 5988. I supply if. 5997, 9. Th. hem; G. hym. 6002. Read gnede. 6006. Both good; beaute (as in 5959). 6009. Th. wol; G. wole. 6025. G. shulle. Both forsworne. 6026. G. lette.

6037. G. worthe. 6401. G. hym. 6048. G. heestes. 6057. This = This is. 6063. G. away. 6064. Both hindreth. 6073. G. netheles; Th. nathelesse.

6143. Both twey. 6144. G. sey; Th. say. 6165. Both which; F. tex.

6169. Both lette. 6172. G. subtilite. 6174. Both nede; F. besoignes. 6183, 4. G. cast, last. 6187. G. om. hath. 6192. Both neithir monk; om. neithir. 6195. Th. Na-; G. Ne-. 6197. Th. rasour; G. resoun. 6205. I supply this line. 6206. Supply not. Th. begylen; G. bigilyng. 6214. Both without.

6227. G. Yhe. 6237. Th. commen; G. comyn; read comun. 6240. G. Yhe; G. om. alle. 6243. Both ful many; om. ful. 6245. G. dieden. 6247. Both xi. 6253. G. hert; both good. 6255. Both good. 6256. Both the religioun; om. the. 6259. G. took. 6263. G. Yhis; Th. Yes. 6271. G. biwailed (!). 6275, 82. Supply hem. 6278. Both Without. 6285. G. doutlees; Th. doutles.

6292. Both planten most. 6296. Both feyne; F. dire. 6314. Both ins. shal bef. never. 6316. G. warre; Th. ware. 6317, 8. Words supplied by Kaluza. 6323. Both myght. 6336. I supply and. 6341. Both and reyned (!) for streyned; see 7366. 6342. I supply y-. 6346. Both I a; om. a.

6354. G. bete; Th. beate (for lete). 6355. Both Ioly (for blynde); I supply ther. 6356. Th. habite. 6359. Th. beare; G. were. 6361. G. om. Thus and I; both in to (for in). 6372. Both omit; supplied as in Morris; F. Si n'en sut mes si receus. 6375. Both I a.; om. a. 6377. G. shreuen. 6378. Both I (for me); both yeuen. 6386. G. ony. 6388. G. mych. 6392. Both yeuen. 6393. G. ins. For bef. Penaunce. 6399. Both ought. 6407. Both not; read yit.

6425. G. cheueys; Th. chuse; F. chevir. 6426. Th. hamper. 6432. I supply Ne. 6452. Th. this is ayenst. 6453. G. heerde. 6454. G. beeste. 6460. Both it is; F. Porquoi. 6462, 7. G. fat. 6465. G. grucche; Th. grutche. 6466. Both woth (!). 6469. I supply the. 6470. G. Yhe.

6481. Both seruest; F. sembles. 6482. Both I am but an. 6484. G. Yhe. 6487. Both good. 6491. Both bettir; G. that queyntaunce. 6492. Th. tymes; G. tyme. 6493. Both of a pore. 6496. G. myxnes; Th. myxins. 6500. Both me a dyne. 6513. G. ony. 6515. Both not. 6516. Both swere. 6522. Both Hath a soule.

6531. Th. of; G. to. 6532. G. thrittene; Th. thirtene; read thrittethe. 6536. G. myche. 6539. Both beggith (-eth). 6542. Both goddis (-es). 6543. G. Salamon; Th. Salomon. 6546. G. yhe. 6550. Both nolden. 6551. G. was. 6557. Both myght. 6565. G. ther; Th. their. 6569. Both yaf. 6570. Both folkis (-es). 6572. Both they; read leye; F. Ains gisoient. 6581. Perhaps om. That.

6598. Both tolde (against grammar). 6600. G. desily (!). 6601. Th. To; G. Go. 6606. Both Ben somtyme in; see 6610. 6616. G. old; Th. olde. 6650. Both myght. 6653. I supply wher; F. la ou. 6655. Both yeue.

6667. Both haue bidde; (om. haue). 6679. Both good. 6682. Th. -of; G. -fore. 6684. Both wryne. 6688. G. omits: Th. hondis. 6699. Th. -wayes; G. -weys. 6700. If] Both Yit. 6707. Both mendiciens (-ence); see 6657.

6721. Both without. 6728. Th. noriture; G. norture. 6737. Both had. 6748. G. Ony. 6756. Both clothe; read clothes; see 6684. 6759. Both this. 6766. Both solemply. 6782. Th. This; G. The. 6784. Th. agylte; G. agilt. 6786. So Th.; G. Of thyngis that he beste myghte (in late hand).

6792. G. wille. 6797. Both this that; om. that. 6803. Both yeuen. 6806. G. sene. 6808, 10. Supply ne, hir. 6819. Both wrine. Both hem, at. 6820. Both Without. 6823, 4. Both robbyng, gilyng. 6827. G. fast. 6828. Both high. 6834. G. gret; Th. great. 6841. Both Without. 6844. Both boldly. 6850. Both emperours. 6851. G. om. and.

6860, 6901. Supply thise, be. 6862. G. gret; Th. great. 6880. Th. Ne wol; G. Wol; read Nil. 6890. Both doutles (-lees). 6902, 7, 11. Both burdons.

6925, 6. Both him; read hem. 6936. Both good. 6939. Th. wete. 6949. G. Yhe. 6952. Th. parceners; G. perseners. 6974. Both tymes a; om. a.

6997. G. gret; Th. great. 7002. Th. al; G. om. 7012. After this line, both in Th. and G., come ll. 7109-7158. 7018. G. werrien; Th. werryen. 7019. Both al. 7022. Th. bougerons; G. begger. 7029. Both these that; F. lerres ou. 7035. G. ony. 7037. we] G. me. 7038. hem] Both them. 7041. G. cheffis; Th. cheffes; F. fromages. 7047. he] G. we. 7048. Both bake.

7056. Both his; read our. 7059. G. sleght; Th. sleight. 7060. G. hight; Th. heyght. 7063. Both vounde. 7070. Both good. 7071. G. sleghtes. I supply as. 7075. G. om. he have. 7092. Th. We had ben turmented al and 7093. I supply fals. 7104. Both brent. 7109. G. has here l. 7110, followed by a blank line; Th. has That they [read he] ne might 7110. Th. To the copye, if hem talent toke; after which, Of the Euangelystes booke (spurious).

7113. G. gret; Th. great. 7119, 21. G. ony. 7123. G. many a such. 7125. Th. booke; G. book. 7127. Perhaps omit that. 7133, 37, 42. G. om. for, it, they. 7143. Th. Awaye; G. Alwey. 7144. G. durst. 7145. Both no. 7148. Th. booke; G. book. 7151. Supply boke. 7159. Both vpon. Before this line G. and Th. wrongly insert ll. 7013-7110, 7209-7304. 7164. Th. booke; G. book. 7165. G. mych. 7166. I supply that.

7173, 4. Supplied by conjecture; F. Par Pierre voil le Pape entendre. 7175, 99. I supply eek, men. 7178. G. Ayens; Th. Ayenst. 7180. And] Both That. that] Both to. 7189. G. orribilite; Th. horriblete. 7190. Th. booke; G. book. 7196. G. Petre. 7200. G. Petres. 7205. G. thilk. 7209. See note to l. 7159. 7217. Th. Empresse; G. Emperis. 7221. Both worthy; see 7104. Both mynystres. 7234. G. iye.

7236. Th. recketh; G. rekke. 7243. Both may us (om. may). 7244. G. om. hem. 7254. Th. hem; G. hym; supply it. 7255. Th. hem; G. hym. 7257. G. steight (!). 7258. Th. graye; G. grey. 7260. G. high. 7262. Th. ryuelyng; G. reuelyng. 7263. G. dyuyse. 7272. The] G. To. 7292. Both shulde.

7303. G. forwordis. 7304. G. Yhe. Th. hence; G. hens. 7307. Th. ayenst; G. ayens. 7316. Both slayn; see note. 7317. G. alto defyle. 7325. G. Myn; Th. My. G. streyneth (!). 7331. Both Without. 7336. Th. Thankyng. 7355. G. countynaunce. 7358. G. heelde. 7362. Th. laste; G. last.

7368. G. gracche; Th. gratche. G. bygynne; Th. bygyne. 7371. Th. psaltere; G. sawter. 7380. G. ony. 7385-7576. From Th.; lost in G. 7386. Th. made. 7389. Th. shappe; denysed. 7394. tho] Th. to. 7409. Had] Th. And. 7429. Th. humbly. 7432. Th. remeued.

7435. Th. thought. 7444. I supply as. 7458. Th. Frere. 7460. Supply that. 7463. Th. al. 7464. Th. greet. 7471, 72. Th. sopheme, enueneme; F. sophime, envenime. 7473. Th. hath hadde the. 7488. Th. doughty (!); F. poudreus; read dusty. 7494. Th. herborowe.

7504. Th. sir. 7513. Th. styll. 7532. Th. styl. 7533. Th. she nat herselfe. 7546. Th. sothe. 7548, 50. I supply for, wel. 7553. Th. thought harme. 7560. Th. her.

7568. Th. Without. 7577. G. begins again. 7582. Th. herbered; G. herberd. 7585. Both herbegere. 7590. Both sothe. Th. sawe; G. saugh. 7600. Both where. G. ony. 7625. I supply he. 7626. G. saloweth.

7628. Th. comynge. 7630. Supply that. 7637. G. I nerer (!). 7653. G. wole; Th. wol: read wolde. 7662. doth] F. fait; both wot. 7663. Th. we (for ye); G. om. 7666. Both giltles. 7678. Both repent. 7686. Th. tymes; G. tyme.

7693. So Th. (but with for to for to); G. To reden in diuinite. 7694. G. And longe haue red (wrongly); here G. abruptly ends. 7694-8. From Th. 7697. Th. abode. Colophon. G. Explicit, following And longe haue red (see note to 7694); Th. Finis. Here endeth the Romaunt of the Rose.

THE MINOR POEMS.

I. AN A. B. C.

Incipit carmen secundum ordinem literarum Alphabeti.

Almighty and al merciable quene, To whom that al this world fleeth for socour, To have relees of sinne, sorwe and tene, Glorious virgine, of alle floures flour, 5To thee I flee, confounded in erreur! Help and releve, thou mighty debonaire, Have mercy on my perilous langour! Venquisshed me hath my cruel adversaire. A toy du monde le refui, Vierge glorieuse, m'en fui Tout confus, ne puis miex faire; A toy me tíen, a toy m'apuy. Relieve moy, abatu suy: Vaincu m'a mon aversaire. Puis qu'en toy ont tous repaire Bien me doy vers toy retraire Avant que j'aie plus d'annuy. 10N'est pas luite necessaire A moy, se tu, debonnayre, Ne me sequeurs comme a autrui.

Bountee so fix hath in thyn herte his tente, 10That wel I wot thou wolt my socour be, Thou canst not warne him that, with good entente, Axeth thyn help. Thyn herte is ay so free, Thou art largesse of pleyn felicitee, Haven of refut, of quiete and of reste. 15Lo, how that theves seven chasen me! Help, lady bright, er that my ship to-breste! Comfort is noon, but in yow, lady dere, For lo, my sinne and my confusioun, Which oughten not in thy presence appere, 20Han take on me a grevous accioun Of verrey right and desperacioun; And, as by right, they mighten wel sustene That I were worthy my dampnacioun, Nere mercy of you, blisful hevene quene. 25Doute is ther noon, thou queen of misericorde, That thou nart cause of grace and mercy here; God vouched sauf thurgh thee with us tacorde. For certes, Cristes blisful moder dere, Bien voy que par toy confortés Sera mes cuers desconfortés, Quer tu es de salu porte. Se je me suis mal tresportez Par .vij. larrons, pechiés mortez, Et erre par voie torte, Esperance me conforte 20Qui à toy hui me raporte A ce que soie deportez. Ma povre arme je t'aporte: Sauve la: ne vaut que morte; En li sont tous biens avortez. Contre moy font une accion Ma vergoigne et confusion, Que devant toy ne doy venir Pour ma très grant transgression. Rayson et desperacion 30Contre moy veulent maintenir; Mès pour ce que veil plait fenir, Devant toy les fès convenir En faisant replicacion. C'est que je di appartenir A toy du tout et convenir Pitié et miseracion. Dame es de misericorde Par qui Diex bien se recorde A sa gent estre racordé. 40Par toy vint pes et concorde,

Were now the bowe bent in swich manere, 30As it was first, of Iustice and of yre, The rightful God nolde of no mercy here; But thurgh thee han we grace, as we desyre. Ever hath myn hope of refut been in thee, For heer-biforn ful ofte, in many a wyse, 35Hast thou to misericorde receyved me. But mercy, lady, at the grete assyse, Whan we shul come bifore the hye Iustyse! So litel fruit shal thanne in me be founde, That, but thou er that day me wel chastyse, 40Of verrey right my werk me wol confounde. Fleeing, I flee for socour to thy tente Me for to hyde from tempest ful of drede, Biseching you that ye you not absente, Though I be wikke. O help yit at this nede! Et fu pour oster discorde L'arc de justice descordé; Et pour ce me sui acordé Toi mercier et concordé, Pour ce que ostas la corde; Quar, ainsi com j'ay recordé, S'encore fust l'arc encordé Comparé l'eust ma vie orde. En toy ay m'esperance eü 50Quant a merci m'as receü Autre foys en mainte guise, Du bien qui ou ciel fu creü As ravivé et repeü M'ame qui estoit occise. Las! mès quant la grant assise Sera, se n'y es assise Pour moy mal y seray veü. De bien n'ay nulle reprise. Las m'en clain quant bien m'avise, 60Souvent en doy dire heü! Fuiant m'en viens a ta tente Moy mucier pour la tormente Qui ou monde me tempeste. Pour mon pechié ne t'absente,

45Al have I been a beste in wille and dede, Yit, lady, thou me clothe with thy grace. Thyn enemy and myn—lady, tak hede, Un-to my deth in poynt is me to chace. Glorious mayde and moder, which that never 50Were bitter, neither in erthe nor in see, But ful of swetnesse and of mercy ever, Help that my fader be not wroth with me! Spek thou, for I ne dar not him y-see. So have I doon in erthe, allas ther-whyle! 55That certes, but-if thou my socour be, To stink eterne he wol my gost exyle. He vouched sauf, tel him, as was his wille, Bicome a man, to have our alliaunce, And with his precious blood he wroot the bille 60Up-on the crois, as general acquitaunce, To every penitent in ful creaunce; And therfor, lady bright, thou for us praye. Than shalt thou bothe stinte al his grevaunce, And make our foo to failen of his praye. A moy garder met t'entente, A mon besoing soiez preste. Se lonc temps j'ay esté beste A ce, Vierge, je m'arreste Que de ta grace me sente. 70Si te fais aussi requeste Que ta pitié nu me veste, Car je n'ay nulle autre rente. Glorieuse vierge mere Qui a nul onques amere Ne fus en terre ne en mer, Ta douceur ores m'apere Et ne sueffres que mon pere De devant li me jecte puer. Se devant li tout vuit j'apper, 80Et par moy ne puis eschapper Que ma faute ne compere. Tu devant li pour moy te per En li moustrant que, s'a li per Ne sui, si est il mon frere. Homme voult par sa plaisance Devenir, pour aliance Avoir a humain lignage. Avec li crut dès enfance Pitié dont j'ai esperance 90Avoir eu en mon usage. Elle fu mise a forage Quant au cuer lui vint mesage Du cruel fer de la lance. Ne puet estre, se sui sage, Que je n'en aie avantage, Se tu veus et abondance.

65I wot it wel, thou wolt ben our socour, Thou art so ful of bountee, in certeyn. For, whan a soule falleth in errour, Thy pitee goth and haleth him ayeyn. Than makest thou his pees with his sovereyn, 70And bringest him out of the crooked strete. Who-so thee loveth he shal not love in veyn, That shal he finde, as he the lyf shal lete. Kalenderes enlumined ben they That in this world ben lighted with thy name, 75And who-so goth to you the righte wey, Him thar not drede in soule to be lame. Now, queen of comfort, sith thou art that same To whom I seche for my medicyne, Lat not my foo no more my wounde entame, 80Myn hele in-to thyn hand al I resigne. Lady, thy sorwe can I not portreye Under the cros, ne his grevous penaunce. But, for your bothes peynes, I you preye, Lat not our alder foo make his bobaunce, Ie ne truis par nulle voie Ou mon salut si bien voie Com, après Dieu, en toy le voy; 100Quar quant aucun se desvoie, A ce que tost se ravoie, De ta pitié li fais convoy. Tu li fès lessier son desroy Et li refaiz sa pais au roy, Et remez en droite voie. Moult est donc cil en bon arroy, En bon atour, en bon conroy Que ta grace si conroie. Kalendier sont enluminé 110Et autre livre enteriné Quant ton non les enlumine. A tout meschief ont resiné Ceus qui se sont acheminé A toy pour leur medicine. A moy donc, virge, t'encline, Car a toy je m'achemine Pour estre bien mediciné; Ne sueffre que de gaïnne Isse justice devine 120Par quoy je soye exterminé. La douceur de toy pourtraire Je ne puis, a qui retraire Doit ton filz de ton sanc estrait; Pour ce a toy m'ay volu traire

85That he hath in his listes of mischaunce Convict that ye bothe have bought so dere. As I seide erst, thou ground of our substaunce, Continue on us thy pitous eyen clere! Moises, that saugh the bush with flaumes rede 90Brenninge, of which ther never a stikke brende, Was signe of thyn unwemmed maidenhede. Thou art the bush on which ther gan descende The Holy Gost, the which that Moises wende Had ben a-fyr; and this was in figure. 95Now lady, from the fyr thou us defende Which that in helle eternally shal dure. Noble princesse, that never haddest pere, Certes, if any comfort in us be, That cometh of thee, thou Cristes moder dere, 100We han non other melodye or glee Us to reioyse in our adversitee, Ne advocat noon that wol and dar so preye For us, and that for litel hyre as ye, That helpen for an Ave-Marie or tweye. Afin que contre moy traire Ne le sueuffres nul cruel trait. Je recongnois bien mon mesfait Et qu'au colier j'ai souvent trait Dont l'en me devroit detraire; 130Mez se tu veus tu as l'entrait Par quoy tantost sera retrait Le mehain qui m'est contraire. Moyses vit en figure Que tu, vierge nete et pure, Jesu le filz Dieu conceüs: Un bysson contre nature Vit qui ardoit sans arsure. C'es tu, n'en suis point deceüs, Dex est li feus qu'en toy eüs; 140Et tu, buisson des recreüz Es, pour tremper leur ardure. A ce veoir, vierge, veüs Soie par toy et receüs, Oste chaussement d'ordure. Noble princesse du monde Qui n'as ne per ne seconde En royaume n'en enpire, De toy vient, de toy redonde Tout le bien qui nous abonde, 150N'avons autre tirelire. En toy tout povre homme espire Et de toy son salu tire, Et en toy seule se fonde. Ne puet nul penser ne dire, Nul pourtraire ne escrire Ta bonté comme est parfonde.

105O verrey light of eyen that ben blinde, O verrey lust of labour and distresse, O tresorere of bountee to mankinde, Thee whom God chees to moder for humblesse! From his ancille he made thee maistresse 110Of hevene and erthe, our bille up for to bede. This world awaiteth ever on thy goodnesse, For thou ne failest never wight at nede. Purpos I have sum tyme for tenquere, Wherfore and why the Holy Gost thee soughte, 115Whan Gabrielles vois cam to thyn ere. He not to werre us swich a wonder wroughte, But for to save us that he sithen boughte. Than nedeth us no wepen us for to save, But only ther we did not, as us oughte, 120Do penitence, and mercy axe and have. Queen of comfort, yit whan I me bithinke That I agilt have bothe, him and thee, And that my soule is worthy for to sinke, Allas, I, caitif, whider may I flee? O Lumiere des non voians Et vrai repos des recreans Et de tout bien tresoriere, 160A toy sont toutez gens beans Qui en la foy sont bien creans Et en toy ont foy entiere; A nul onques ne fus fiere, Ains toy deïs chamberiere Quant en toy vint li grans geans. Or es de Dieu chanceliere Et de graces aumosniere Et confort a tous recreans. Pris m'est volenté d'enquerre 170Pour savoir que Diex vint querre Quant en toy se vint enserrer; En toy devint vers de terre; Ne cuit pas que fust pour guerre Ne pour moy jus aterrer. Vierge, se ne me sens errer, D'armes ne me faut point ferrer Fors sans plus de li requerre. Quant pour moy se vint enterrer, Se il ne se veut desterrer 180Encor puis s'amour acquerre. Quant pourpensé après me sui Qu'ay offendu et toy et lui, Et qu'a mal est m'ame duite, Que, fors pechié, en moi n'estui,

125Who shal un-to thy sone my mene be? Who, but thy-self, that art of pitee welle? Thou hast more reuthe on our adversitee Than in this world mighte any tunge telle. Redresse me, moder, and me chastyse, 130For, certeynly, my fadres chastisinge That dar I nought abyden in no wyse: So hidous is his rightful rekeninge. Moder, of whom our mercy gan to springe, Beth ye my Iuge and eek my soules leche; 135For ever in you is pitee haboundinge To ech that wol of pitee you biseche. Soth is, that God ne graunteth no pitee With-oute thee; for God, of his goodnesse, Foryiveth noon, but it lyke un-to thee. 140He hath thee maked vicaire and maistresse Et que mal hyer et pis m'est hui, Tost après si me ranvite, Vierge douce, se pren fuite, Se je fui a la poursuite, Ou fuiray, qu'a mon refui? 190S'a nul bien je ne m'affruite Et mas sui avant que luite, Plus grief encore en est l'anuy. Reprens moy, mere, et chastie Quar mon pere n'ose mie Attendre a mon chastiement. Son chastoy si fiert a hie; Rien n'ataint que tout n'esmie Quant il veut prendre vengement. Mere, bien doi tel batement 200Douter, quar en empirement A tous jours esté ma vie. A toy dont soit le jugement, Car de pitié as l'oingnement, Mès que merci l'en te prie. Sans toy nul bien ne foysonne Et sans toy Diex riens ne donne, Quar de tout t'a fet maistresse. Quant tu veus trestout pardonne;

Of al the world, and eek governeresse Of hevene, and he represseth his Iustyse After thy wille, and therefore in witnesse He hath thee crouned in so ryal wyse. 145Temple devout, ther god hath his woninge. Fro which these misbileved pryved been, To you my soule penitent I bringe. Receyve me! I can no ferther fleen! With thornes venimous, O hevene queen, 150For which the erthe acursed was ful yore, I am so wounded, as ye may wel seen, That I am lost almost;—it smert so sore. Virgine, that art so noble of apparaile, And ledest us in-to the hye tour 155Of Paradys, thou me wisse and counsaile, How I may have thy grace and thy socour; Al have I been in filthe and in errour. Lady, un-to that court thou me aiourne That cleped is thy bench, O fresshe flour! 160Ther-as that mercy ever shal soiourne. Et par toy est mise bonne 210A justice la mairesse; N'est royne ne princesse Pour qui nul ainsi se cesse Et de droit se dessaisonne. Du monde es gouverneresse, Et du ciel ordeneresse; Sans reson n'as pas couronne. Temple saint ou Dieu habite Dont privé sont li herite Et a tous jours desherité, 220A toy vieng, de toy me herite, Reçoif moy par ta merite Quar de toy n'ay point hesité. Et se je me sui herité Des espines d'iniquité Pour quoy terre fu maudite, Las m'en clain en verité, Car a ce fait m'a excité L'ame qui n'en est pas quite. Vierge de noble et haut atour, 230Qui au chastel et a la tour De paradis nous atournes, Atourne moy ens et entour De tel atour que au retour De ta grace me retournes, Se vil sui, si me raournes. A toy vieng, ne te destournes, Quer au besoing es mon destour. Sequeur moy, point ne sejournes, Ou tu a la court m'ajournes, 240Ou ta pitié fait son sejour.

Xristus, thy sone, that in this world alighte, Up-on the cros to suffre his passioun, And eek, that Longius his herte pighte, And made his herte blood to renne adoun; 165And al was this for my salvacioun; And I to him am fals and eek unkinde, And yit he wol not my dampnacioun— This thanke I you, socour of al mankinde. Ysaac was figure of his deeth, certeyn, 170That so fer-forth his fader wolde obeye That him ne roughte no-thing to be slayn; Right so thy sone list, as a lamb, to deye. Now lady, ful of mercy, I you preye, Sith he his mercy mesured so large, 175Be ye not skant; for alle we singe and seye That ye ben from vengeaunce ay our targe. Zacharie you clepeth the open welle To wasshe sinful soule out of his gilt. Therfore this lessoun oughte I wel to telle 180That, nere thy tender herte, we weren spilt. Xristus, ton filz, qui descendi En terre et en la crois pendi, Ot pour moy le costé fendu. Sa grant rigour il destendi Quant pour moy l'esperit rendi, Son corps pendant et estendu; Pour moy son sanc fu espandu. Se ceci j'ai bien entendu A mon salut bien entendi, 250Et pour ce, se l'ay offendu Et il ne le m'a pas rendu, Merci t'en rens, graces l'en di. Ysaac le prefigura Qui de sa mort rien ne cura En obeïsant au pere. Comme .j. aignel tout endura; En endurant tout espura Par crueuse mort amere. O très douce vierge mere, 260Par ce fait fai que se pere Par plour l'ame qui cuer dura; Fai que grace si m'apere; Et n'en soiez pas avere Quar largement la mesura. Zacharie de mon somme Me exite, et si me somme D'en toy ma merci atendre; Fontaine patent te nomme

Now lady brighte, sith thou canst and wilt Ben to the seed of Adam merciable, So bring us to that palais that is bilt 184To penitents that ben to mercy able. Amen. Pour laver pecheür homme: 270C'est leçon bonne a aprendre. Se tu donc as le cuer tendre Et m'offense n'est pas mendre De cil qui menga la pomme, Moy laver veillez entendre, Moy garder et moy deffendre, Que justice ne m'asomme.

Explicit carmen.

The MSS. used to form this text are: C. = MS. Ff. 5. 30 in the Camb. Univ. Library; Jo. = MS. G. 21, in St. John's College, Cambridge; Gl. = Glasgow MS. Q. 2. 25; L. = MS. Laud 740, in the Bodleian Library; Gg. = MS. Gg. 4. 27 in the Camb. Univ. Library; F. = MS. Fairfax 16, in the Bodleian Library; B = MS. Bodley 638; Sion = Sion Coll. MS. The text closely follows the first of these; and all variations from it are recorded (except sometimes i for y, and y for i).

1. C. Almihty; queene. 3. L. B. sorwe; F. Jo. sorowe; the rest insert of before sorwe. 4. C. Gloriowse. 6. C. releeue; mihti. 8. Jo. Venquist; Gg. Venquyst. Read m'hath. C. cruelle.

10. C. bee. 11. F. B. werne. 12. C. helpe. 14. C. Hauene; refute. 15. C. Loo; theeves sevene; mee. 16. C. briht. 17. C. ladi deere. 18. C. loo. 19. C. ouhten; thi; appeere. 20. C. greevous. 21. C. riht. 22. C. riht þei mihten; susteene. 23. C. wurthi. 24. C. queene. 25. C. Dowte. 26. C. merci heere. 27. C. Gl. Gg. saf; Jo. saff; L. F. saufe; B. sauf. C. thoruh; L. F. þurgh. Gl. F. B. tacorde; C. L. to accorde. 28. C. crystes; mooder deere.

29. C. maneere. 31. C. rihtful; heere. 32. C. thoruh; Jo. L. F. B. thurgh. 33. C. Euere. C. refuit; Gl. refuyt; Gg. refut; rest refute. 35. C. resceyued. 36. C. merci ladi. 37. C. shule. 39. wel is supplied from the Sion MS.; nearly all the copies give this line corruptly; see note. 40. C. riht; wole. 41. C. Fleeinge; thi. 42. C. tempeste; dreede. 43. C. Biseeching yow. 44. C. Thouh; neede.

45. C. ben. Jo. wille; C. wil. 46. C. thi. 47. C. Thin; ladi; heede. 49. C. Gloriows; mooder; neuere. 50. C. eerthe. 51. C. euere. 54. C. eerthe. 55. C. bee. 56. C. wole. 57. C. saaf; F. B. sauf; L. saufe; Jo. saffe; Gl. Gg. saf. 58. C. Bicomen; oure. 59. C. wrot. 61. C. criaunce; Gg. cryaunce; rest creaunce. 62. C. ladi briht. 63. C. Thanne.

64, 65: C. oure. 66: C. bowntee. 69: C. Thanne. 73: C. Kalendeeres enlumyned. 74: C. thi. 75: C. yow; rihte. 77: C. sithe. 78: C. seeche. 79: C. vntame; Sion, vntaame (wrongly); rest entame.] 80: C. resyne; Gl. B. resigne. 81: C. kan. 82: C. greevous. 84: C. oure.

85. C. hise lystes. 86. C. bouht. 87. C. oure. 88. C. thi; cleere. 89. C. sauh; F. B. saugh. C. flawmes. 93. C. holigost. 94. C. a fyir. 95. C. fyir; Gl. fyr. C. deufende (sic). 96. C. eternalli. 97. C. neuere; peere. 98. C. bee. 99. C. mooder deere. 100. C. noon ooþer. 101. C. oure. 102. C. wole. 103. C. yee.

107. C. tresoreere. 108. F. chees; C. ches. C. mooder. 109. C. the. 110. C. eerthe; oure; beede. 111. C. euere; thi. 112. C. neuere; neede. 113. Gg. F. B. tenquere; C. to enquere. 114. C. whi; holi; souhte. 115. C. Sion, vn-to; rest to. 116. C. wunder wrouhte. 117. C. bouhte. 118. C. Thanne needeth; wepene. 119. C. oonly. Jo. F. B. did; C. diden. C. ouhte. 120. C. Doo; merci. 123. C. wurthi.

125. C. thi; bee. 126. C. thi-. 128. C. miht. 129. C. mooder. 130. F. Fadres; B. fadrys; C. faderes; Jo. fader. 131. C. nouht. 132. Gg. F. B. is his; rest it is. C. rihful (sic). 133. C. Mooder; merci. 135. C. euere. 136. C. eche; wole; biseeche. 137. C. granteth; F. graunteth. 140. C. vicair; Gg. F. vicaire; Gl. B. Sion, vicayre.

141. C. gouernowresse; Gl. Gg. gouerneresse. 143. C. thi wil. 144. L. crowned; Gg. crounnyd; C. Jo. F. corowned. C. rial. 146. C. misbileeued. Jo. L. pryued; rest depriued. 148. C. Resceyve; ferþere. 149. C. venymous. 150. C. eerthe. 151. C. (alone) om. so. 156. C. thi (twice). 157. Gg. Al; B. C. All. C. ben. 158. C. Ladi. 159. Sion MS. fresshe; Gg. frosche (sic); the rest wrongly omit the final e. 160. C. merci; euere.

161. C. Xpc (= Gk. χρς). 163. All the MSS. insert suffred after eek, caught from the line above; see note. 167. C. wole. 171. C. rouhte. 172. C. Riht soo thi. C. lust; rest list, liste. 173. C. ladi; merci; yow. 174. C. Sithe; merci. 177. C. yow; opene. 179. C. ouht. 180. C. thi.

181. C. ladi. Gg. bryȝt; which the rest omit. C. Gg. sithe; F. B. sith. Harl. 2251 supplies bothe after thou. 183. Sion MS. alone supplies So; Jo. supplies And. MS. Harl. 2251 has un-to; rest to. 184. Gl. penytentz; C. penitentes; Jo. Penitence (for penitents). C. merci.

II. THE COMPLEYNTE UNTO PITE.

Pite, that I have sought so yore ago, With herte sore, and ful of besy peyne, That in this world was never wight so wo With-oute dethe; and, if I shal not feyne, 5 My purpos was, to Pite to compleyne Upon the crueltee and tirannye Of Love, that for my trouthe doth me dye.

And when that I, by lengthe of certeyn yeres, Had ever in oon a tyme sought to speke, 10 To Pite ran I, al bespreynt with teres, To preyen hir on Crueltee me awreke. But, er I might with any worde out-breke, Or tellen any of my peynes smerte, I fond hir deed, and buried in an herte.

15 Adoun I fel, when that I saugh the herse, Deed as a stoon, whyl that the swogh me laste; But up I roos, with colour ful diverse, And pitously on hir myn yën caste, And ner the corps I gan to presen faste, 20 And for the soule I shoop me for to preye; I nas but lorn; ther nas no more to seye.

Thus am I slayn, sith that Pite is deed; Allas! that day! that ever hit shulde falle! What maner man dar now holde up his heed? 25 To whom shal any sorwful herte calle? Now Crueltee hath cast to sleen us alle, In ydel hope, folk redelees of peyne— Sith she is deed—to whom shul we compleyne?

But yet encreseth me this wonder newe, 30 That no wight woot that she is deed, but I; So many men as in hir tyme hir knewe, And yet she dyed not so sodeynly; For I have sought hir ever ful besily Sith first I hadde wit or mannes mynde; 35 But she was deed, er that I coude hir fynde.

Aboute hir herse ther stoden lustily, Withouten any wo, as thoughte me, Bountee parfit, wel armed and richely, And fresshe Beautee, Lust, and Iolitee, 40 Assured Maner, Youthe, and Honestee, Wisdom, Estaat, [and] Dreed, and Governaunce, Confedred bothe by bonde and alliaunce.

A compleynt hadde I, writen, in myn hond, For to have put to Pite as a bille, 45 But whan I al this companye ther fond, That rather wolden al my cause spille Than do me help, I held my pleynte stille; For to that folk, withouten any faile, Withoute Pite may no bille availe.

50 Then leve I al thise virtues, sauf Pite, Keping the corps, as ye have herd me seyn, Confedred alle by bonde of Crueltee, And been assented that I shal be sleyn. And I have put my compleynt up ageyn; 55 For to my foos my bille I dar not shewe, Theffect of which seith thus, in wordes fewe:—

The Bille.

¶ 'Humblest of herte, hyest of reverence, Benigne flour, coroune of vertues alle, Sheweth unto your rial excellence 60 Your servaunt, if I durste me so calle, His mortal harm, in which he is y-falle, And noght al only for his evel fare, But for your renoun, as he shal declare.

Hit stondeth thus: your contraire, Crueltee, 65 Allyed is ageynst your regalye Under colour of womanly Beautee, For men [ne] shuld not knowe hir tirannye, With Bountee, Gentilesse, and Curtesye, And hath depryved you now of your place 70 That hight "Beautee, apertenant to Grace."

For kyndly, by your heritage right, Ye been annexed ever unto Bountee; And verrayly ye oughte do your might To helpe Trouthe in his adversitee. 75 Ye been also the coroune of Beautee; And certes, if ye wanten in thise tweyne, The world is lore; ther nis no more to seyne.

¶ 'Eek what availeth Maner and Gentilesse Withoute you, benigne creature? 80 Shal Crueltee be your governeresse? Allas! what herte may hit longe endure? Wherfor, but ye the rather take cure To breke that perilous alliaunce, Ye sleen hem that ben in your obeisaunce.

85 'And further over, if ye suffre this, Your renoun is fordo than in a throwe; Ther shal no man wite wel what Pite is. Allas! that your renoun shuld be so lowe! Ye be than fro your heritage y-throwe 90 By Crueltee, that occupieth your place; And we despeired, that seken to your grace.

Have mercy on me, thou Herenus quene, That you have sought so tenderly and yore; Let som streem of your light on me be sene 95 That love and drede you, ay lenger the more. For, sothly for to seyne, I bere the sore, And, though I be not cunning for to pleyne, For goddes love, have mercy on my peyne!

¶ 'My peyne is this, that what so I desire 100 That have I not, ne no-thing lyk therto; And ever set Desire myn herte on fire; Eek on that other syde, wher-so I go, What maner thing that may encrese wo That have I redy, unsoght, everywhere; 105 Me [ne] lakketh but my deth, and than my bere.

What nedeth to shewe parcel of my peyne? Sith every wo that herte may bethinke I suffre, and yet I dar not to you pleyne; For wel I woot, al-though I wake or winke, 110 Ye rekke not whether I flete or sinke. But natheles, my trouthe I shal sustene Unto my deth, and that shal wel be sene.

This is to seyne, I wol be youres ever; Though ye me slee by Crueltee, your fo, 115 Algate my spirit shal never dissever Fro your servyse, for any peyne or wo. Sith ye be deed—allas! that hit is so!— Thus for your deth I may wel wepe and pleyne 119 With herte sore and ful of besy peyne.'

Here endeth the exclamacion of the Deth of Pyte.

The MSS. are: Tn. (Tanner 346); F. (Fairfax 16); B. (Bodley 638); Sh. (Shirley's MS., Harl. 78); Ff. (Ff. 1. 6, in Camb. Univ. Library); T., here used for Trin. (Trin. Coll. Camb. R. 3. 19); also Ha. (Harl. 7578). I follow F. mainly, noting all variations of importance.

Title; in B. 1. F. agoo. 2. F. hert. 3. F. worlde; woo. 5. F. purpose. 8. F. be; B. Sh. T. by. F. certeyne. 9. Sh. Ha. a tyme sought; rest sought a tyme (badly). 10. F. bespreynte. 11. F. prayen. Sh. Ha. wreke; rest awreke. 14. F. fonde; dede. 15. F. Adovne. Ha. alone supplies that. 16. F. Dede; stone; while. T. (and Longleat) a; rest om. 17. F. roose; coloure. 18. F. petously; B. pitously. B. yen; F. eyen; after which all but Sh. and Ha. insert I. 19. Sh. Ha. to; which the rest omit. 20. Sh. shoope; rest shope. F. prey; Sh. preye. 21. For nas, the MSS. wrongly have was; in both places. F. lorne; sey.

22. F. slayne; dede. 23. Tn. shulde; F. shuld. 24. F. hold; hede. 25. All but Sh. and Ha. ins. now bef. any. F. eny. 26. F. caste. Sh. Ha. sleen; F. slee. 27. F. folke redelesse. 30. F. dede. 31. F. mony. 32. F. B. omit she; the rest have it. Only Sh. and T. retain so. 33. F. besely. For ever, Ten Brink reads ay. 34. Only Sh. gives this line correctly; so Ha. (but with any for mannes). F. Sith I hadde firste witte or mynde. 35. F. dede. Sh. Ha. that; rest omit. 36. F. there; lustely. 38. F. Bounte. 39. F. beaute; iolyte. 40. F. honeste. 41. F. Wisdome. F. B. estaat; rest estate; Ten Brink rightly supplies and after Estat (sic). F. drede. 43. Ha. hadde; Sh. hade; rest had. F. honde. 44. Sh. Ha. For; rest omit. F. pittee. 45. F. when. F. fonde. 46. Sh. wolden; F. wolde. 47. F. helpe; helde. Sh. Ha. compleynt; T. cause; rest pleynte or pleynt.

48. F. folke. F. withoute; B. without; Ha. withouten. 49. F. pitee. Ha. may; Sh. ne may; rest ther may. 50. Sh. Ha. þanne leve I alle þees vertues sauf pitee; F.B. Then leve we al vertues save oonly pite; Tn. Ff. T. Then leueall vertues save onely pite. 51. F. Kepynge; herde. 52. F. Cofedered (sic). Sh. alle by bonde of (Ha. om. alle); F. Tn. B. Ff. by bonde and by; T. by bound and. 53. Sh. that; rest when. 54. F. complaynt. 55. F. Foes; Tn. foos. 57. F. highest. 59. F. youre rialle. 60. F. Youre; durst. 61. Sh. whiche he is Inne falle; rest in which he is falle: Thynne has yfal; read y-falle. 62. F. oonly. 64. The MSS. insert that after thus, except Sh. and Ha. Sh. contraire; rest contrary. 65. Sh. ageynst; F. ayenst. 66. F. beaute. 67. The MSS. omit ne. F. shulde. 68. F. bounte. 69. Sh. nowe; which the rest omit. 70. Sh. heghte (for highte); Ha. hight; Tn. is hye; F. B. T. is hygh. F. beaute apertenent. The MSS. (except Sh. and Ha.) insert your after to.

71. F. kyndely; youre. 72. Most MSS. be; Ha. been; read been (and in l. 75). 73. F. verrely; youre. 75. F. beaute. 76. Tn. Ff. Ha. wante; rest want; read wanten. F. these tweyn. 77. F. worlde. For nis, all have is. F. seyn. 78. F. Eke. 79. F. yow. 82. F. Wherfore. 86. F. fordoo. Sh. than; rest omit. 87. F. wete well; rest omit well; Tn. wyte. 88. F. Tn. B. Ff. T. insert euer after that, which Sh. rightly omits. Sh. Ha. shoulde be; rest is falle. 89. Sh. thanne; rest also. F. youre. 90. F. youre. 91. Sh. sechen to; B. sekyn to; Tn. Ff. T. seken; F. speken to (for seken to). 92. Tn. F. B. Ff. herenus; T. heremus; Sh. vertuouse (!). 93. F. yow; tendirly. 94. B. som; F. somme. F. streme. Sh. Ha. youre; which the rest omit. 95. Sh. ay; rest euer. Sh. Ha. om. the. 96. F. sothely. Sh. the hevy sore; Ha. the sore; rest so sore (which gives no sense).

97. F. kunnynge. 98. F. goddis. 100. F. lyke. 101. F. Sh. setteth; Ha. set; rest settith; see note. F. hert. 102. F. Eke. F. sydes; rest side, syde. F. where so; goo. 103. Sh. Ha. we; rest insert my before wo. 104. F. vnsoghte. 105. All omit ne; see note. 107. F. woo. 109. F. wote. Sh. al-þaughe; rest though, thogh. 110. F. B. where; rest whether. 111. All but Sh. and Ha. needlessly insert yet before my. 114. F. soo; rest foo, fo. 115. F. spirite. 116. F. youre; eny. 117. B. yet (sic) be ded; F. Tn. Ff. T. ye be yet ded (which will not scan); Sh. Ha. have a diferent line—Now pitee þat I haue sought so yoore agoo.

III. THE BOOK OF THE DUCHESSE.

The Proem.

I have gret wonder, by this lighte, How that I live, for day ne nighte I may nat slepe wel nigh noght; I have so many an ydel thoght 5 Purely for defaute of slepe, That, by my trouthe, I take kepe Of no-thing, how hit cometh or goth, Ne me nis no-thing leef nor loth. Al is y-liche good to me— 10 Ioye or sorowe, wherso hit be— For I have feling in no-thing, But, as it were, a mased thing, Alway in point to falle a-doun; For [sory] imaginacioun 15 Is alway hoolly in my minde. And wel ye wite, agaynes kinde Hit were to liven in this wyse; For nature wolde nat suffyse To noon erthely creature 20 Not longe tyme to endure Withoute slepe, and been in sorwe; And I ne may, ne night ne morwe, Slepe; and thus melancolye, And dreed I have for to dye, 25 Defaute of slepe, and hevinesse Hath sleyn my spirit of quiknesse, That I have lost al lustihede. Suche fantasyes ben in myn hede So I not what is best to do. 30 But men mighte axe me, why so I may not slepe, and what me is? But natheles, who aske this Leseth his asking trewely. My-selven can not telle why 35 The sooth; but trewely, as I gesse, I holdë hit be a siknesse That I have suffred this eight yere, And yet my bote is never the nere; For ther is phisicien but oon, 40 That may me hele; but that is doon. Passe we over until eft; That wil not be, moot nede be left; Our first matere is good to kepe. So whan I saw I might not slepe, 45 Til now late, this other night, Upon my bedde I sat upright, And bad oon reche me a book, A romaunce, and he hit me took To rede and dryve the night away; 50 For me thoghte it better play Then playen either at chesse or tables. And in this boke were writen fables That clerkes hadde, in olde tyme, And other poets, put in ryme 55 To rede, and for to be in minde Whyl men loved the lawe of kinde. This book ne spak but of such thinges, Of quenes lyves, and of kinges, And many othere thinges smale. 60 Amonge al this I fond a tale That me thoughte a wonder thing. This was the tale: Ther was a king That highte Seys, and hadde a wyf, The beste that mighte bere lyf; 65 And this quene highte Alcyone. So hit befel, therafter sone, This king wolde wenden over see. To tellen shortly, whan that he Was in the see, thus in this wyse, 70 Soche a tempest gan to ryse That brak hir mast, and made it falle, And clefte hir ship, and dreinte hem alle, That never was founden, as it telles, Bord ne man, ne nothing elles. 75 Right thus this king Seys loste his lyf. Now for to speken of his wyf:— This lady, that was left at home, Hath wonder, that the king ne come Hoom, for hit was a longe terme. 80 Anon her herte gan to erme; And for that hir thoughte evermo Hit was not wel [he dwelte] so, She longed so after the king That certes, hit were a pitous thing 85 To telle hir hertely sorwful lyf That hadde, alas! this noble wyf; For him she loved alderbest. Anon she sente bothe eest and west To seke him, but they founde nought. 90 'Alas!' quoth she, 'that I was wrought! And wher my lord, my love, be deed? Certes, I nil never ete breed, I make a-vowe to my god here, But I mowe of my lorde here!' 95 Such sorwe this lady to her took That trewely I, which made this book, Had swich pite and swich rowthe To rede hir sorwe, that, by my trowthe, I ferde the worse al the morwe 100 After, to thenken on her sorwe. So whan [she] coude here no word That no man mighte fynde hir lord, Ful oft she swouned, and seide 'alas!' For sorwe ful nigh wood she was, 105 Ne she coude no reed but oon; But doun on knees she sat anoon, And weep, that pite was to here. 'A! mercy! swete lady dere!' Quod she to Iuno, hir goddesse; 110 'Help me out of this distresse, And yeve me grace my lord to see Sone, or wite wher-so he be, Or how he fareth, or in what wyse, And I shal make you sacrifyse, 115 And hoolly youres become I shal With good wil, body, herte, and al; And but thou wilt this, lady swete, Send me grace to slepe, and mete In my slepe som certeyn sweven, 120 Wher-through that I may knowen even Whether my lord be quik or deed.' With that word she heng doun the heed, And fil a-swown as cold as ston; Hir women caughte her up anon, 125 And broghten hir in bed al naked, And she, forweped and forwaked, Was wery, and thus the dede sleep Fil on her, or she toke keep, Through Iuno, that had herd hir bone, 130 That made hir [for] to slepe sone; For as she prayde, so was don, In dede; for Iuno, right anon, Called thus her messagere To do her erande, and he com nere. 135 Whan he was come, she bad him thus: Go bet,' quod Iuno, 'to Morpheus, Thou knowest him wel, the god of sleep; Now understond wel, and tak keep. Sey thus on my halfe, that he 140 Go faste into the grete see, And bid him that, on alle thing, He take up Seys body the king, That lyth ful pale and no-thing rody. Bid him crepe into the body, 145 Aud do it goon to Alcyone The quene, ther she lyth alone, And shewe hir shortly, hit is no nay, How hit was dreynt this other day; And do the body speke so 150 Right as hit was wont to do, The whyles that hit was on lyve. Go now faste, and hy thee blyve!' This messager took leve and wente Upon his wey, and never ne stente 155 Til he com to the derke valeye That stant bytwene roches tweye Ther never yet grew corn ne gras, Ne tree, ne nothing that ought was, Beste, ne man, ne nothing elles, 160 Save ther were a fewe welles Came renning fro the cliffes adoun, That made a deedly sleping soun, And ronnen doun right by a cave That was under a rokke y-grave 165 Amid the valey, wonder depe. Ther thise goddes laye and slepe, Morpheus, and Eclympasteyre, That was the god of slepes heyre, That slepe and did non other werk. 170 This cave was also as derk As helle pit over-al aboute; They had good leyser for to route To envye, who might slepe beste; Some henge hir chin upon hir breste 175 And slepe upright, hir heed y-hed, And some laye naked in hir bed, And slepe whyles the dayes laste. This messager com flying faste, And cryed, 'O ho! awak anon!' 180 Hit was for noght; ther herde him non. Awak!' quod he, 'who is, lyth there?' And blew his horn right in hir ere, And cryed 'awaketh!' wonder hyë. This god of slepe, with his oon yë 185 Cast up, axed, 'who clepeth there?' Hit am I,' quod this messagere; Iuno bad thou shuldest goon'— And tolde him what he shulde doon As I have told yow here-tofore; 190 Hit is no need reherse hit more; And wente his wey, whan he had sayd. Anon this god of slepe a-brayd Out of his slepe, and gan to goon, And did as he had bede him doon; 195 Took up the dreynte body sone, And bar hit forth to Alcyone, His wyf the quene, ther-as she lay, Right even a quarter before day, And stood right at hir beddes fete, 200 And called hir, right as she hete, By name, and seyde, 'my swete wyf, Awak! let be your sorwful lyf! For in your sorwe ther lyth no reed; For certes, swete, I nam but deed; 205 Ye shul me never on lyve y-see. But good swete herte, [look] that ye Bury my body, [at whiche] a tyde Ye mowe hit finde the see besyde; And far-wel, swete, my worldes blisse! 210 I praye god your sorwe lisse; To litel whyl our blisse lasteth!' With that hir eyen up she casteth, And saw noght; '[A]!' quod she, 'for sorwe!' And deyed within the thridde morwe. 215 But what she sayde more in that swow I may not telle yow as now, Hit were to longe for to dwelle; My first matere I wil yow telle, Wherfor I have told this thing 220 Of Alcione and Seys the king. For thus moche dar I saye wel, I had be dolven everydel, And deed, right through defaute of sleep, If I nad red and taken keep 225 Of this tale next before: And I wol telle yow wherfore; For I ne might, for bote ne bale, Slepe, or I had red this tale Of this dreynte Seys the king, 230 And of the goddes of sleping. Whan I had red this tale wel, And over-loked hit everydel, Me thoughte wonder if hit were so; For I had never herd speke, or tho, 235 Of no goddes that coude make Men [for] to slepe, ne for to wake; For I ne knew never god but oon. And in my game I sayde anoon— And yet me list right evel to pleye— 240 'Rather then that I shulde deye Through defaute of sleping thus, I wolde yive thilke Morpheus, Or his goddesse, dame Iuno, Or som wight elles, I ne roghte who— 245 To make me slepe and have som reste— I wil yive him the alder-beste Yift that ever he abood his lyve, And here on warde, right now, as blyve; If he wol make me slepe a lyte, 250 Of downe of pure dowves whyte I wil yive him a fether-bed, Rayed with golde, and right wel cled In fyn blak satin doutremere, And many a pilow, and every bere 255 Of clothe of Reynes, to slepe softe; Him thar not nede to turnen ofte. And I wol yive him al that falles To a chambre; and al his halles I wol do peynte with pure golde, 260 And tapite hem ful many folde Of oo sute; this shal he have, If I wiste wher were his cave, If he can make me slepe sone, As did the goddesse Alcione. 265 And thus this ilke god, Morpheus, May winne of me mo feës thus Than ever he wan; and to Iuno, That is his goddesse, I shal so do, I trow that she shal holde her payd.' 270 I hadde unneth that word y-sayd Right thus as I have told hit yow, That sodeynly, I niste how, Swich a lust anoon me took To slepe, that right upon my book 275 I fil aslepe, and therwith even Me mette so inly swete a sweven, So wonderful, that never yit I trowe no man hadde the wit To conne wel my sweven rede; 280 No, not Ioseph, withoute drede, Of Egipte, he that redde so The kinges meting Pharao, No more than coude the leste of us; Ne nat scarsly Macrobeus, 285 (He that wroot al thavisioun That he mette, king Scipioun, The noble man, the Affrican— Swiche mervayles fortuned than) I trowe, a-rede my dremes even. 290 Lo, thus hit was, this was my sweven.

The Dream.

Me thoughte thus:—that hit was May, And in the dawning ther I lay, Me mette thus, in my bed al naked:— [I] loked forth, for I was waked 295 With smale foules a gret hepe, That had affrayed me out of slepe Through noyse and swetnesse of hir song; And, as me mette, they sate among, Upon my chambre-roof withoute, 300 Upon the tyles, al a-boute, And songen, everich in his wyse, The moste solempne servyse By note, that ever man, I trowe, Had herd; for som of hem song lowe, 305 Som hye, and al of oon acorde. To telle shortly, at oo worde, Was never y-herd so swete a steven, But hit had be a thing of heven;— So mery a soun, so swete entunes, 310 That certes, for the toune of Tewnes, I nolde but I had herd hem singe, For al my chambre gan to ringe Through singing of hir armonye. For instrument nor melodye 315 Was nowher herd yet half so swete, Nor of acorde half so mete; For ther was noon of hem that feyned To singe, for ech of hem him peyned To finde out mery crafty notes; 320 They ne spared not hir throtes. And, sooth to seyn, my chambre was Ful wel depeynted, and with glas Were al the windowes wel y-glased, Ful clere, and nat an hole y-crased, 325 That to beholde hit was gret Ioye. For hoolly al the storie of Troye Was in the glasing y-wroght thus, Of Ector and king Priamus, Of Achilles and Lamedon, 330 Of Medea and of Iason, Of Paris, Eleyne, and Lavyne. And alle the walles with colours fyne Were peynted, bothe text and glose, [Of] al the Romaunce of the Rose. 335 My windowes weren shet echon, And through the glas the sunne shon Upon my bed with brighte bemes, With many glade gilden stremes; And eek the welken was so fair, 340 Blew, bright, clere was the air, And ful atempre, for sothe, hit was; For nother cold nor hoot hit nas, Ne in al the welken was a cloude. And as I lay thus, wonder loude 345 Me thoughte I herde an hunte blowe Tassaye his horn, and for to knowe Whether hit were clere or hors of soune. I herde goinge, up and doune, Men, hors, houndes, and other thing; 350 And al men speken of hunting, How they wolde slee the hert with strengthe, And how the hert had, upon lengthe, So moche embosed, I not now what. Anon-right, whan I herde that, 355 How that they wolde on hunting goon, I was right glad, and up anoon; [I] took my hors, and forth I wente Out of my chambre; I never stente Til I com to the feld withoute. 360 Ther overtook I a gret route Of huntes and eek of foresteres, With many relayes and lymeres, And hyed hem to the forest faste, And I with hem;—so at the laste 365 I asked oon, ladde a lymere:— Say, felow, who shal hunten here Quod I; and he answerde ageyn, Sir, themperour Octovien,' Quod he, 'and is heer faste by.' 370 'A goddes halfe, in good tyme,' quod I, Go we faste!' and gan to ryde. Whan we came to the forest-syde, Every man dide, right anoon, As to hunting fil to doon. 375 The mayster-hunte anoon, fot-hoot, With a gret horne blew three moot At the uncoupling of his houndes. Within a whyl the hert [y]-founde is, Y-halowed, and rechased faste 380 Longe tyme; and at the laste, This hert rused and stal away Fro alle the houndes a prevy way. The houndes had overshote hem alle, And were on a defaute y-falle; 385 Therwith the hunte wonder faste Blew a forloyn at the laste. I was go walked fro my tree, And as I wente, ther cam by me A whelp, that fauned me as I stood, 390 That hadde y-folowed, and coude no good. Hit com and creep to me as lowe, Right as hit hadde me y-knowe, Hild doun his heed and Ioyned his eres, And leyde al smothe doun his heres. 395 I wolde han caught hit, and anoon Hit fledde, and was fro me goon; And I him folwed, and hit forth wente Doun by a floury grene wente Ful thikke of gras, ful softe and swete, 400 With floures fele, faire under fete, And litel used, hit seemed thus; For bothe Flora and Zephirus, They two that make floures growe, Had mad hir dwelling ther, I trowe; 405 For hit was, on to beholde, As thogh the erthe envye wolde To be gayer than the heven, To have mo floures, swiche seven As in the welken sterres be. 410 Hit had forgete the povertee That winter, through his colde morwes, Had mad hit suffren, and his sorwes; Al was forgeten, and that was sene. For al the wode was waxen grene, 415 Swetnesse of dewe had mad it waxe. Hit is no need eek for to axe Wher ther were many grene greves, Or thikke of trees, so ful of leves; And every tree stood by him-selve 420 Fro other wel ten foot or twelve. So grete trees, so huge of strengthe, Of fourty or fifty fadme lengthe, Clene withoute bough or stikke, With croppes brode, and eek as thikke— 425 They were nat an inche a-sonder— That hit was shadwe over-al under; And many an hert and many an hinde Was both before me and bihinde. Of founes, soures, bukkes, doës 430 Was ful the wode, and many roës, And many squirelles, that sete Ful hye upon the trees, and ete, And in hir maner made festes. Shortly, hit was so ful of bestes, 435 That thogh Argus, the noble countour, Sete to rekene in his countour, And rekened with his figures ten— For by tho figures mowe al ken, If they be crafty, rekene and noumbre, 440 And telle of every thing the noumbre— Yet shulde he fayle to rekene even The wondres, me mette in my sweven. But forth they romed wonder faste Doun the wode; so at the laste 445 I was war of a man in blak, That sat and had y-turned his bak To an oke, an huge tree. Lord,' thoghte I, 'who may that be? What ayleth him to sitten here?' 450 Anoon-right I wente nere; Than fond I sitte even upright A wonder wel-faringe knight— By the maner me thoughte so— Of good mochel, and yong therto, 455 Of the age of four and twenty yeer. Upon his berde but litel heer, And he was clothed al in blakke. I stalked even unto his bakke, And ther I stood as stille as ought, 460 That, sooth to saye, he saw me nought, For-why he heng his heed adoune. And with a deedly sorwful soune He made of ryme ten vers or twelve, Of a compleynt to him-selve, 465 The moste pite, the moste rowthe, That ever I herde; for, by my trowthe, Hit was gret wonder that nature Might suffren any creature To have swich sorwe, and be not deed. 470 Ful pitous, pale, and nothing reed, He sayde a lay, a maner song, Withoute note, withoute song, And hit was this; for wel I can Reherse hit; right thus hit began.— 475 ¶ 'I have of sorwe so gret woon, That Ioye gete I never noon, Now that I see my lady bright, Which I have loved with al my might, 479 Is fro me deed, and is a-goon. 481 ¶ Allas, [o] deeth! what ayleth thee, That thou noldest have taken me, Whan that thou toke my lady swete? That was so fayr, so fresh, so free, 485 So good, that men may wel [y]-see Of al goodnesse she had no mete!'— Whan he had mad thus his complaynte, His sorowful herte gan faste faynte, And his spirites wexen dede; 490 The blood was fled, for pure drede, Doun to his herte, to make him warm— For wel hit feled the herte had harm— To wite eek why hit was a-drad By kinde, and for to make hit glad; 495 For hit is membre principal Of the body; and that made al His hewe chaunge and wexe grene And pale, for no blood [was] sene In no maner lime of his. 500 Anoon therwith whan I saw this, He ferde thus evel ther he sete, I wente and stood right at his fete, And grette him, but he spak noght, But argued with his owne thoght, 505 And in his witte disputed faste Why and how his lyf might laste; Him thoughte his sorwes were so smerte And lay so colde upon his herte; So, through his sorwe and hevy thoght, 510 Made him that he ne herde me noght; For he had wel nigh lost his minde, Thogh Pan, that men clepe god of kinde, Were for his sorwes never so wrooth. But at the laste, to sayn right sooth, 515 He was war of me, how I stood Before him, and dide of myn hood, And [grette] him, as I best coude. Debonairly, and no-thing loude, He sayde, 'I prey thee, be not wrooth, 520 I herde thee not, to sayn the sooth, Ne I saw thee not, sir, trewely.' 'A! goode sir, no fors,' quod I, I am right sory if I have ought Destroubled yow out of your thought; 525 For-yive me if I have mis-take.' 'Yis, thamendes is light to make,' Quod he, 'for ther lyth noon ther-to; Ther is no-thing missayd nor do.' Lo! how goodly spak this knight, 530 As it had been another wight; He made it nouther tough ne queynte And I saw that, and gan me aqueynte With him, and fond him so tretable, Right wonder skilful and resonable, 535 As me thoghte, for al his bale. Anoon-right I gan finde a tale To him, to loke wher I might ought Have more knowing of his thought. 'Sir,' quod I, 'this game is doon; 540 I holde that this hert be goon; Thise huntes conne him nowher see.' 'I do no fors therof,' quod he, My thought is ther-on never a del.' 'By our lord,' quod I, 'I trow yow wel, 545 Right so me thinketh by your chere. But, sir, oo thing wol ye here? Me thinketh, in gret sorwe I yow see; But certes, [good] sir, yif that ye Wolde ought discure me your wo, 550 I wolde, as wis god helpe me so, Amende hit, yif I can or may; Ye mowe preve hit by assay. For, by my trouthe, to make yow hool, I wol do al my power hool; 555 And telleth me of your sorwes smerte, Paraventure hit may ese your herte, That semeth ful seke under your syde.' With that he loked on me asyde, As who sayth, 'nay, that wol not be.' 560 'Graunt mercy, goode frend,' quod he, I thanke thee that thou woldest so, But hit may never the rather be do. No man may my sorwe glade, That maketh my hewe to falle and fade, 565 And hath myn understonding lorn, That me is wo that I was born! May noght make my sorwes slyde, Nought the remedies of Ovyde; Ne Orpheus, god of melodye, 570 Ne Dedalus, with playes slye; Ne hele me may phisicien, Noght Ypocras, ne Galien; Me is wo that I live houres twelve; But who so wol assaye him-selve 575 Whether his herte can have pite Of any sorwe, lat him see me. I wrecche, that deeth hath mad al naked Of alle blisse that was ever maked, Y-worthe worste of alle wightes, 580 That hate my dayes and my nightes; My lyf, my lustes be me lothe, For al welfare and I be wrothe. The pure deeth is so my fo, [Thogh] I wolde deye, hit wolde not so; 585 For whan I folwe hit, hit wol flee; I wolde have [hit], hit nil not me. This is my peyne withoute reed, Alway deying, and be not deed, That Sesiphus, that lyth in helle, 590 May not of more sorwe telle. And who so wiste al, by my trouthe, My sorwe, but he hadde routhe And pite of my sorwes smerte, That man hath a feendly herte. 595 For who so seeth me first on morwe May seyn, he hath [y]-met with sorwe; For I am sorwe and sorwe is I. 'Allas! and I wol telle the why; My [song] is turned to pleyning, 600 And al my laughter to weping, My glade thoghtes to hevinesse, In travaile is myn ydelnesse And eek my reste; my wele is wo. My good is harm, and ever-mo 605 In wrathe is turned my pleying, And my delyt in-to sorwing. Myn hele is turned into seeknesse, In drede is al my sikernesse. To derke is turned al my light, 610 My wit is foly, my day is night, My love is hate, my sleep waking, My mirthe and meles is fasting, My countenaunce is nycete, And al abaved wher-so I be, 615 My pees, in pleding and in werre; Allas! how mighte I fare werre? 'My boldnesse is turned to shame, For fals Fortune hath pleyd a game Atte ches with me, allas! the whyle! 620 The trayteresse fals and ful of gyle, That al behoteth and no-thing halt, She goth upryght and yet she halt, That baggeth foule and loketh faire, The dispitousë debonaire, 625 That scorneth many a creature! An ydole of fals portraiture Is she, for she wil sone wryen; She is the monstres heed y-wryen, As filth over y-strawed with floures; 630 Hir moste worship and hir [flour is] To lyen, for that is hir nature; Withoute feyth, lawe, or mesure She is fals; and ever laughinge With oon eye, and that other wepinge. 635 That is broght up, she set al doun. I lykne hir to the scorpioun, That is a fals flatering beste; For with his hede he maketh feste, But al amid his flateringe 640 With his tayle he wol stinge, And envenyme; and so wol she. She is thenvyous charite That is ay fals, and semeth wele, So turneth she hir false whele 645 Aboute, for it is no-thing stable, Now by the fyre, now at table; Ful many oon hath she thus y-blent. She is pley of enchauntement, That semeth oon and is nat so, 650 The false theef! what hath she do, Trowest thou? by our lord, I wol thee seye. Atte ches with me she gan to pleye; With hir false draughtes divers She stal on me, and took my fers. 655 And whan I saw my fers aweye, Alas! I couthe no lenger pleye, But seyde, "farwel, swete, y-wis, And farwel al that ever ther is!" Therwith Fortune seyde "chek here!" 660 And "mate!" in mid pointe of the chekkere With a poune erraunt, allas! Ful craftier to pley she was Than Athalus, that made the game First of the ches: so was his name. 665 But god wolde I had ones or twyes Y-koud and knowe the Ieupardyes That coude the Grek Pithagores! I shulde have pleyd the bet at ches, And kept my fers the bet therby; 670 And thogh wherto? for trewely I hold that wish nat worth a stree! Hit had be never the bet for me. For Fortune can so many a wyle, Ther be but fewe can hir begyle, 675 And eek she is the las to blame; My-self I wolde have do the same, Before god, hadde I been as she; She oghte the more excused be. For this I say yet more therto, 680 Hadde I be god and mighte have do My wille, whan my fers she caughte, I wolde have drawe the same draughte. For, also wis god yive me reste, I dar wel swere she took the beste! 685 'But through that draughte I have lorn My blisse; allas! that I was born! For evermore, I trowe trewly, For al my wil, my lust hoolly Is turned; but yet, what to done? 690 By our lord, hit is to deye sone; For no-thing I [ne] leve it noght, But live and deye right in this thoght. Ther nis planete in firmament, Ne in air, ne in erthe, noon element, 695 That they ne yive me a yift echoon Of weping, whan I am aloon. For whan that I avyse me wel, And bethenke me every-del, How that ther lyth in rekening, 700 In my sorwe, for no-thing; And how ther leveth no gladnesse May gladde me of my distresse, And how I have lost suffisance, And therto I have no plesance, 705 Than may I say, I have right noght. And whan al this falleth in my thoght, Allas! than am I overcome! For that is doon is not to come! I have more sorowe than Tantale.' 710 And whan I herde him telle this tale Thus pitously, as I yow telle, Unnethe mighte I lenger dwelle, Hit dide myn herte so moche wo. 'A! good sir!' quod I, 'say not so! 715 Have som pite on your nature That formed yow to creature, Remembre yow of Socrates; For he ne counted nat three strees Of noght that Fortune coude do.' 720 'No,' quod he, 'I can not so.' 'Why so? good sir! parde!' quod I; Ne say noght so, for trewely, Thogh ye had lost the ferses twelve, And ye for sorwe mordred your-selve, 725 Ye sholde be dampned in this cas By as good right as Medea was, That slow hir children for Iason; And Phyllis als for Demophon Heng hir-self, so weylaway! 730 For he had broke his terme-day To come to hir. Another rage Had Dydo, quene eek of Cartage, That slow hir-self, for Eneas Was fals; [a!] whiche a fool she was! 735 And Ecquo dyed for Narcisus Nolde nat love hir; and right thus Hath many another foly don. And for Dalida dyed Sampson, That slow him-self with a pilere. 740 But ther is [noon] a-lyve here Wolde for a fers make this wo!' 'Why so?' quod he; 'hit is nat so; Thou wost ful litel what thou menest; I have lost more than thou wenest.' 745 'Lo, [sir,] how may that be?' quod I; Good sir, tel me al hoolly In what wyse, how, why, and wherfore That ye have thus your blisse lore.' 'Blythly,' quod he, 'com sit adoun; 750 I telle thee up condicioun That thou hoolly, with al thy wit, Do thyn entent to herkene hit.' Yis, sir.' 'Swere thy trouthe ther-to.' Gladly.' 'Do than holde her-to!' 755 'I shal right blythly, so god me save, Hoolly, with al the witte I have, Here yow, as wel as I can.' 'A goddes half!' quod he, and began:— Sir,' quod he, 'sith first I couthe 760 Have any maner wit fro youthe, Or kyndely understonding To comprehende, in any thing, What love was, in myn owne wit, Dredeles, I have ever yit 765 Be tributary, and yiven rente To love hoolly with goode entente, And through plesaunce become his thral, With good wil, body, herte, and al. Al this I putte in his servage, 770 As to my lorde, and dide homage; And ful devoutly prayde him to, He shulde besette myn herte so, That it plesaunce to him were, And worship to my lady dere. 775 'And this was longe, and many a yeer Or that myn herte was set o-wher, That I did thus, and niste why; I trowe hit cam me kindely. Paraunter I was therto most able 780 As a whyt wal or a table; For hit is redy to cacche and take Al that men wil therin make, Wher-so men wol portreye or peynte, Be the werkes never so queynte. 785 'And thilke tyme I ferde so I was able to have lerned tho, And to have coud as wel or better, Paraunter, other art or letter. But for love cam first in my thought, 790 Therfore I forgat it nought. I chees love to my firste craft, Therfor hit is with me [y]-laft. Forwhy I took hit of so yong age, That malice hadde my corage 795 Nat that tyme turned to no-thing Through to mochel knowleching. For that tyme youthe, my maistresse, Governed me in ydelnesse; For hit was in my firste youthe, 800 And tho ful litel good I couthe; For al my werkes were flittinge, And al my thoghtes varyinge; Al were to me y-liche good, That I knew tho; but thus hit stood. 805 'Hit happed that I cam on a day Into a place, ther I say, Trewly, the fayrest companyë Of ladies, that ever man with yë Had seen togedres in oo place. 810 Shal I clepe hit hap other grace That broghte me ther? nay, but Fortune, That is to lyen ful comune, The false trayteresse, pervers, God wolde I coude clepe hir wers! 815 For now she worcheth me ful wo, And I wol telle sone why so. 'Among thise ladies thus echoon, Soth to seyn, I saw [ther] oon That was lyk noon of [al] the route; 820 For I dar swere, withoute doute, That as the someres sonne bright Is fairer, clerer, and hath more light Than any planete, [is] in heven, The mone, or the sterres seven, 825 For al the worlde, so had she Surmounted hem alle of beaute, Of maner and of comlinesse, Of stature and wel set gladnesse, Of goodlihede so wel beseye— 830 Shortly, what shal I more seye? By god, and by his halwes twelve, It was my swete, right as hir-selve! She had so stedfast countenaunce, So noble port and meyntenaunce. 835 And Love, that had herd my bone, Had espyed me thus sone, That she ful sone, in my thoght, As helpe me god, so was y-caught So sodenly, that I ne took 840 No maner [reed] but at hir look And at myn herte; for-why hir eyen So gladly, I trow, myn herte seyen, That purely tho myn owne thoght Seyde hit were [bet] serve hir for noght 845 Than with another to be wel. And hit was sooth, for, everydel, I wil anoon-right telle thee why. 'I saw hir daunce so comlily, Carole and singe so swetely, 850 Laughe and pleye so womanly, And loke so debonairly, So goodly speke and so frendly, That certes, I trow, that evermore Nas seyn so blisful a tresore. 855 For every heer [up]on hir hede, Soth to seyn, hit was not rede, Ne nouther yelw, ne broun hit nas; Me thoghte, most lyk gold hit was. And whiche eyen my lady hadde! 860 Debonair, goode, glade, and sadde, Simple, of good mochel, noght to wyde; Therto hir look nas not a-syde, Ne overthwert, but beset so wel, Hit drew and took up, everydel, 865 Alle that on hir gan beholde. Hir eyen semed anoon she wolde Have mercy; fooles wenden so; But hit was never the rather do. Hit nas no countrefeted thing, 870 It was hir owne pure loking, That the goddesse, dame Nature, Had made hem opene by mesure, And close; for, were she never so glad, Hir loking was not foly sprad, 875 Ne wildely, thogh that she pleyde; But ever, me thoghte, hir eyen seyde, "By god, my wrathe is al for-yive!" 'Therwith hir liste so wel to live, That dulnesse was of hir a-drad. 880 She nas to sobre ne to glad; In alle thinges more mesure Had never, I trowe, creature. But many oon with hir loke she herte, And that sat hir ful lyte at herte, 885 For she knew no-thing of hir thoght; But whether she knew, or knew hit noght Algate she ne roghte of hem a stree! To gete hir love no ner nas he That woned at home, than he in Inde; 890 The formest was alway behinde. But goode folk, over al other, She loved as man may do his brother; Of whiche love she was wonder large, In skilful places that bere charge. 895 'Which a visage had she ther-to! Allas! myn herte is wonder wo That I ne can discryven hit! Me lakketh bothe English and wit For to undo hit at the fulle; 900 And eek my spirits be so dulle So greet a thing for to devyse. I have no wit that can suffyse To comprehenden hir beaute; But thus moche dar I seyn, that she 905 Was rody, fresh, and lyvely hewed; And every day hir beaute newed. And negh hir face was alder-best; For certes, Nature had swich lest To make that fair, that trewly she 910 Was hir cheef patron of beautee, And cheef ensample of al hir werke, And moustre; for, be hit never so derke, Me thinketh I see hir ever-mo. And yet more-over, thogh alle tho 915 That ever lived were now a-lyve, [They] ne sholde have founde to discryve In al hir face a wikked signe; For hit was sad, simple, and benigne. 'And which a goodly softe speche 920 Had that swete, my lyves leche! So frendly, and so wel y-grounded, Up al resoun so wel y-founded, And so tretable to alle gode, That I dar swere by the rode, 925 Of eloquence was never founde So swete a sowninge facounde, Ne trewer tonged, ne scorned lasse, Ne bet coude hele; that, by the masse I durste swere, thogh the pope hit songe, 930 That ther was never through hir tonge Man ne woman gretly harmed; As for hir, [ther] was al harm hid; Ne lasse flatering in hir worde, That purely, hir simple recorde 935 Was founde as trewe as any bonde, Or trouthe of any mannes honde. Ne chyde she coude never a del, That knoweth al the world ful wel. 'But swich a fairnesse of a nekke 940 Had that swete, that boon nor brekke Nas ther non sene, that mis-sat. Hit was whyt, smothe, streght, and flat, Withouten hole; [and] canel-boon, As by seming, had she noon. 945 Hir throte, as I have now memoire, Semed a round tour of yvoire, Of good gretnesse, and noght to grete. 'And gode faire Whyte she hete, That was my lady name right. 950 She was bothe fair and bright, She hadde not hir name wrong. Right faire shuldres, and body long She hadde, and armes, every lith Fattish, flesshy, not greet therwith; 955 Right whyte handes, and nayles rede, Rounde brestes; and of good brede Hir hippes were, a streight flat bak. I knew on hir non other lak That al hir limmes nere sewing, 960 In as fer as I had knowing. 'Therto she coude so wel pleye, Whan that hir liste, that I dar seye, That she was lyk to torche bright, That every man may take of light 965 Ynogh, and hit hath never the lesse. 'Of maner and of comlinesse Right so ferde my lady dere; For every wight of hir manere Might cacche ynogh, if that he wolde, 970 If he had eyen hir to beholde. For I dar sweren, if that she Had among ten thousand be, She wolde have be, at the leste, A cheef mirour of al the feste, 975 Thogh they had stonden in a rowe, To mennes eyen that coude have knowe. For wher-so men had pleyd or waked, Me thoghte the felawship as naked Withouten hir, that saw I ones, 980 As a coroune withoute stones. Trewely she was, to myn yë, The soleyn fenix of Arabye, For ther liveth never but oon; Ne swich as she ne knew I noon. 985 'To speke of goodnesse; trewly she Had as moche debonairte As ever had Hester in the bible, And more, if more were possible. And, soth to seyne, therwith-al 990 She had a wit so general, So hool enclyned to alle gode, That al hir wit was set, by the rode, Withoute malice, upon gladnesse; Therto I saw never yet a lesse 995 Harmful, than she was in doing. I sey nat that she ne had knowing What was harm; or elles she Had coud no good, so thinketh me. 'And trewly, for to speke of trouthe, 1000 But she had had, hit had be routhe. Therof she had so moche hir del— And I dar seyn and swere hit wel— That Trouthe him-self, over al and al, Had chose his maner principal 1005 In hir, that was his resting-place. Ther-to she hadde the moste grace, To have stedfast perseveraunce, And esy, atempre governaunce, That ever I knew or wiste yit; 1010 So pure suffraunt was hir wit. And reson gladly she understood, Hit folowed wel she coude good. She used gladly to do wel; These were hir maners every-del. 1015 'Therwith she loved so wel right, She wrong do wolde to no wight; No wight might do hir no shame, She loved so wel hir owne name. Hir luste to holde no wight in honde; 1020 Ne, be thou siker, she nolde fonde To holde no wight in balaunce, By half word ne by countenaunce, But-if men wolde upon hir lye; Ne sende men in-to Walakye, 1025 To Pruyse and in-to Tartarye, To Alisaundre, ne in-to Turkye, And bidde him faste, anoon that he Go hoodles to the drye see, And come hoom by the Carrenare; 1030 And seye, "Sir, be now right ware That I may of yow here seyn Worship, or that ye come ageyn!" She ne used no suche knakkes smale. 'But wherfor that I telle my tale? 1035 Right on this same, as I have seyd, Was hoolly al my love leyd; For certes, she was, that swete wyf, My suffisaunce, my lust, my lyf, Myn hap, myn hele, and al my blisse, 1040 My worldes welfare and my [lisse], And I hirs hoolly, everydel.' 'By our lord,' quod I, 'I trowe yow wel! Hardely, your love was wel beset, I not how ye mighte have do bet.' 1045 'Bet? ne no wight so wel!' quod he. I trowe hit, sir,' quod I, 'parde!' Nay, leve hit wel!' 'Sir, so do I; I leve yow wel, that trewely Yow thoghte, that she was the beste, 1050 And to beholde the alderfaireste, Who so had loked with your eyen.' 'With myn? nay, alle that hir seyen Seyde, and sworen hit was so. And thogh they ne hadde, I wolde tho 1055 Have loved best my lady fre, Thogh I had had al the beautee That ever had Alcipyades, And al the strengthe of Ercules, And therto had the worthinesse 1060 Of Alisaundre, and al the richesse That ever was in Babiloyne, In Cartage, or in Macedoyne, Or in Rome, or in Ninive; And therto al-so hardy be 1065 As was Ector, so have I Ioye, That Achilles slow at Troye— And therfor was he slayn also In a temple, for bothe two Were slayn, he and Antilegius, 1070 And so seyth Dares Frigius, For love of [hir] Polixena— Or ben as wys as Minerva, I wolde ever, withoute drede, Have loved hir, for I moste nede! 1075 "Nede!" nay, I gabbe now, Noght "nede," and I wol telle how, For of good wille myn herte hit wolde, And eek to love hir I was holde As for the fairest and the beste. 1080 'She was as good, so have I reste, As ever was Penelope of Grece, Or as the noble wyf Lucrece, That was the beste—he telleth thus, The Romain Tytus Livius— 1085 She was as good, and no-thing lyke, Thogh hir stories be autentyke; Algate she was as trewe as she. 'But wherfor that I telle thee Whan I first my lady sey? 1090 I was right yong, [the] sooth to sey, And ful gret need I hadde to lerne; Whan my herte wolde yerne To love, it was a greet empryse. But as my wit coude best suffyse, 1095 After my yonge childly wit, Withoute drede, I besette hit To love hir in my beste wyse, To do hir worship and servyse That I tho coude, by my trouthe, 1100 Withoute feyning outher slouthe; For wonder fayn I wolde hir see. So mochel hit amended me, That, whan I saw hir first a-morwe, I was warished of al my sorwe 1105 Of al day after, til hit were eve; Me thoghte no-thing mighte me greve, Were my sorwes never so smerte. And yit she sit so in myn herte, That, by my trouthe, I nolde noght, 1110 For al this worlde, out of my thoght Leve my lady; no, trewly!' 'Now, by my trouthe, sir,' quod I, Me thinketh ye have such a chaunce As shrift withoute repentaunce.' 1115 'Repentaunce! nay fy,' quod he; Shulde I now repente me To love? nay, certes, than were I wel Wers than was Achitofel, Or Anthenor, so have I Ioye, 1120 The traytour that betraysed Troye, Or the false Genelon, He that purchased the treson Of Rowland and of Olivere. Nay, whyl I am a-lyve here 1125 I nil foryete hir never-mo.' 'Now, goode sir,' quod I [right] tho, Ye han wel told me her-before. It is no need reherse hit more How ye sawe hir first, and where; 1130 But wolde ye telle me the manere, To hir which was your firste speche— Therof I wolde yow be-seche— And how she knewe first your thoght, Whether ye loved hir or noght, 1135 And telleth me eek what ye have lore; I herde yow telle her-before.' 'Ye,' seyde he, 'thou nost what thou menest; I have lost more than thou wenest.' 'What los is that, [sir]?' quod I tho; 1140 'Nil she not love yow? is hit so? Or have ye oght [y-]doon amis, That she hath left yow? is hit this? For goddes love, tel me al.' 'Before god,' quod he, 'and I shal. 1145 I saye right as I have seyd, On hir was al my love leyd; And yet she niste hit never a del Noght longe tyme, leve hit wel. For be right siker, I durste noght 1150 For al this worlde telle hir my thoght, Ne I wolde have wratthed hir, trewly. For wostow why? she was lady Of the body; she had the herte, And who hath that, may not asterte. 1155 'But, for to kepe me fro ydelnesse, Trewly I did my besinesse To make songes, as I best coude, And ofte tyme I song hem loude; And made songes a gret del, 1160 Al-thogh I coude not make so wel Songes, ne knowe the art al, As coude Lamekes sone Tubal, That fond out first the art of songe; For, as his brothers hamers ronge 1165 Upon his anvelt up and doun, Therof he took the firste soun; But Grekes seyn, Pictagoras, That he the firste finder was Of the art; Aurora telleth so, 1170 But therof no fors, of hem two. Algates songes thus I made Of my feling, myn herte to glade; And lo! this was [the] alther-firste, I not wher [that] hit were the werste.— 1175 ¶ "Lord, hit maketh myn herte light, Whan I thenke on that swete wight That is so semely on to see; And wisshe to god hit might so be, That she wolde holde me for hir knight, 1180 My lady, that is so fair and bright!"— 'Now have I told thee, sooth to saye, My firste song. Upon a daye I bethoghte me what wo And sorwe that I suffred tho 1185 For hir, and yet she wiste hit noght, Ne telle hir durste I nat my thoght. "Allas!" thoghte I, "I can no reed; And, but I telle hir, I nam but deed; And if I telle hir, to seye sooth, 1190 I am a-dred she wol be wrooth; Allas! what shal I thanne do?" 'In this debat I was so wo, Me thoghte myn herte braste a-tweyn! So atte laste, soth to seyn, 1195 I me bethoghte that nature Ne formed never in creature So moche beaute, trewely, And bounte, withouten mercy. 'In hope of that, my tale I tolde 1200 With sorwe, as that I never sholde, For nedes; and, maugree my heed, I moste have told hir or be deed. I not wel how that I began, Ful evel rehersen hit I can; 1205 And eek, as helpe me god with-al, I trowe hit was in the dismal, That was the ten woundes of Egipte; For many a word I over-skipte In my tale, for pure fere 1210 Lest my wordes mis-set were. With sorweful herte, and woundes dede, Softe and quaking for pure drede And shame, and stinting in my tale For ferde, and myn hewe al pale, 1215 Ful ofte I wex bothe pale and reed; Bowing to hir, I heng the heed; I durste nat ones loke hir on, For wit, manere, and al was gon. I seyde "mercy!" and no more; 1220 Hit nas no game, hit sat me sore. 'So atte laste, sooth to seyn, Whan that myn herte was come ageyn, To telle shortly al my speche, With hool herte I gan hir beseche 1225 That she wolde be my lady swete; And swor, and gan hir hertely hete Ever to be stedfast and trewe, And love hir alwey freshly newe, And never other lady have, 1230 And al hir worship for to save As I best coude; I swor hir this— "For youres is al that ever ther is For evermore, myn herte swete! And never false yow, but I mete, 1235 I nil, as wis god helpe me so!" 'And whan I had my tale y-do, God wot, she acounted nat a stree Of al my tale, so thoghte me. To telle shortly as hit is, 1240 Trewly hir answere, hit was this; I can not now wel counterfete Hir wordes, but this was the grete Of hir answere; she sayde, "nay" Al-outerly. Allas! that day 1245 The sorwe I suffred, and the wo! That trewly Cassandra, that so Bewayled the destruccioun Of Troye and of Ilioun, Had never swich sorwe as I tho. 1250 I durste no more say therto For pure fere, but stal away; And thus I lived ful many a day. That trewely, I hadde no need Ferther than my beddes heed 1255 Never a day to seche sorwe; I fond hit redy every morwe, For-why I loved hir in no gere. 'So hit befel, another yere, I thoughte ones I wolde fonde 1260 To do hir knowe and understonde My wo; and she wel understood That I ne wilned thing but good, And worship, and to kepe hir name Over al thing, and drede hir shame, 1265 And was so besy hir to serve;— And pite were I shulde sterve, Sith that I wilned noon harm, y-wis. So whan my lady knew al this, My lady yaf me al hoolly 1270 The noble yift of hir mercy, Saving hir worship, by al weyes; Dredles, I mene noon other weyes. And therwith she yaf me a ring; I trowe hit was the firste thing; 1275 But if myn herte was y-waxe Glad, that is no need to axe! As helpe me god, I was as blyve, Reysed, as fro dethe to lyve, Of alle happes the alder-beste, 1280 The gladdest and the moste at reste. For trewely, that swete wight, Whan I had wrong and she the right, She wolde alwey so goodely For-yeve me so debonairly. 1285 In alle my youthe, in alle chaunce, She took me in hir governaunce. 'Therwith she was alway so trewe, Our Ioye was ever y-liche newe; Our hertes wern so even a payre, 1290 That never nas that oon contrayre To that other, for no wo. For sothe, y-liche they suffred tho Oo blisse and eek oo sorwe bothe; Y-liche they were bothe gladde and wrothe; 1295 Al was us oon, withoute were. And thus we lived ful many a yere So wel, I can nat telle how.' 'Sir,' quod I, 'wher is she now?' Now!' quod he, and stinte anoon. 1300 Therwith he wex as deed as stoon, And seyde, 'allas! that I was bore! That was the los, that her-before I tolde thee, that I had lorn. Bethenk how I seyde her-beforn, 1305 "Thou wost ful litel what thou menest; I have lost more than thou wenest"— God wot, allas! right that was she!' 'Allas! sir, how? what may that be?' She is deed!' 'Nay!' 'Yis, by my trouthe!' 1310 'Is that your los? by god, hit is routhe!' And with that worde, right anoon, They gan to strake forth; al was doon, For that tyme, the hert-hunting. With that, me thoghte, that this king 1315 Gan [quikly] hoomward for to ryde Unto a place ther besyde, Which was from us but a lyte, A long castel with walles whyte, By seynt Iohan! on a riche hil, 1320 As me mette; but thus it fil. Right thus me mette, as I yow telle, That in the castel was a belle, As hit had smiten houres twelve.—

Therwith I awook my-selve, 1325 And fond me lying in my bed; And the book that I had red, Of Alcyone and Seys the king, And of the goddes of sleping, I fond it in myn honde ful even. 1330 Thoghte I, 'this is so queynt a sweven, That I wol, by processe of tyme, Fonde to putte this sweven in ryme As I can best'; and that anoon.— 1334 This was my sweven; now hit is doon.

Explicit the Boke of the Duchesse.

The MSS. are: F. (Fairfax 16); Tn. (Tanner 346); B. (Bodley 638); the fourth authority is Th. (Thynne's edition of 1532). I follow F. mainly, and note all but very trifling variations from it. B. usually agrees with F.

Title: in F. 1. Tn. gret; F. grete. Th. by; F. Tn. be. 5. Tn. Th. defaute; F. defaulte. 6. All take no kepe. 8. Tn. Th. lefe (read leef); F. leve. 9. Tn. Th. good; F. goode. 10. Tn. Ioye; F. Ioy. 11, 12. F. no thynge, thynge. 14. All sorwful (badly); read sory. 15. F. hooly. 16. F. woote; Th. B. wote; Tn. wotte; read wite. 19. For To perhaps read Unto. F. ertherly (miswritten). 21. All be. 22. Th. Tn. B. ne (2nd time); F. no.

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