Part 4 — APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

I have previously called the reader's attention to our classified list of butterflies and moths, and have hinted at one or two of the objects for which it is inserted. It contains the scientific and popular names of all the British Butterflies, Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuæ, and Geometræ, arranged in their various families and genera; and in cases where two specific names are commonly applied to the same insect, both are given.

Its chief uses to the young entomologist are to show the relation which the insects bear one to another, and to supply a guide for the proper arrangement of the specimens in his cabinet.

The order adopted is that of South's 'Synonymic List of British Lepidoptera,' and it has already been mentioned that similar lists, printed on one side of the paper only, may be obtained from dealers in naturalists' appliances. These, cut up as required, supply very neat labels for cabinets or store boxes.

COMPLETE CLASSIFIED LIST OF BRITISH MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA

RHOPALOCERA (BUTTERFLIES).

PAPILIONIDÆ.

Papilio.

Machaon—Swallow Tail

PIERIDÆ.

Aporia.

Cratægi—Black-veined White

Pieris.

Brassicæ—Large White

Rapæ—Small White

Napi—Green-veined White

Daplidice—Bath White

Euchloë.

Cardamines—Orange Tip

Leucophasia.

Sinapis—Wood White

Colias.

Hyale—Pale Clouded Yellow

Edusa—Clouded Yellow

Gonopteryx.

Rhamni—Brimstone

NYMPHALIDÆ.

Argynnis.

Selene—Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Euphrosyne—Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Latona—Queen of Spain

Aglaia—Dark Green Fritillary

Adippe—High Brown Fritillary

Paphia—Silver-washed Fritillary

Melitæa.

Aurinia (Artemis)—Greasy Fritillary

Cinxia—Glanville Fritillary

Athalia—Heath Fritillary

Vanessa.

C-Album—Comma

Polychloros—Large Tortoiseshell

Urticæ—Small Tortoiseshell

Io—Peacock

Antiopa—Camberwell Beauty

Atalanta—Red Admiral

Cardui—Painted Lady

Limenitis.

Sibylla—White Admiral

APATURIDÆ.

Apatura.

Iris—Purple Emperor

SATYRIDÆ.

Melanargia.

Galatea—Marbled White

Erebia.

Epiphron (Cassiope)—Small Ringlet

Æthiops (Blandina)—Northern Brown (Scotch Argus)

Pararge.

Egeria—Speckled Wood

Megæra—Wall

Satyrus.

Semele—Grayling

Epinephele.

Ianira—Meadow Brown

Tithonus—Large Heath (Small Meadow Brown)

Hyperanthes—Ringlet

Cænonympha.

Typhon (Davus)—Marsh Ringlet

Pamphilus—Small Heath

LYCÆNIDÆ.

Thecla.

Betulæ—Brown Hairstreak

W-Album—White-letter Hairstreak

Pruni—Dark Hairstreak

Quercus—Purple Hairstreak

Rubi—Green Hairstreak

Polyommatus.

Dispar—Large Copper

Phlœas—Small Copper

Lycæna.

Bætica—Tailed Blue

Ægon—Silver-studded Blue

Astrarche (Agestis)—Brown Argus

Icarus (Alexis)—Common Blue

Bellargus (Adonis)—Clifden Blue

Corydon—Chalk-hill Blue

Argiolus—Azure or Holly Blue

Semiargus (Acis)—Mazarine Blue

Minima (Alsus)—Small Blue

Arion—Large Blue

ERYCINIDÆ.

Nemeobius.

Lucina—Duke of Burgundy

HESPERIIDÆ.

Syrichthus.

Malvæ (Alveolus)—Grizzled Skipper

Nisoniades.

Tages—Dingy Skipper

Hesperia.

Thaumas (Linea)—Small Skipper

Lineola—New Small Skipper

Actæon—Lulworth Skipper

Sylvanus—Large Skipper

Comma—Silver-spotted Skipper

Carterocephalus.

Palæmon (Paniscus)—Chequered Skipper

HETEROCERA (MOTHS). SPHINGES.

SPHINGIDÆ.

Acherontia.

Atropos—Death's Head Hawk Moth

Sphinx.

Convolvuli—Convolvulus Hawk

Ligustri—Privet Hawk

Pinastri—Pine Hawk

Deilephila.

Euphorbiæ—Spurge Hawk

Galii—Bedstraw Hawk

Livornica—Striped Hawk

Chærocampa.

Celerio—Silver-striped Hawk

Porcellus—Small Elephant

Elpenor—Large Elephant

Smerinthus.

Ocellatus—Eyed Hawk

Populi—Poplar Hawk

Tiliæ—Lime Hawk

Macroglossa.

Stellatarum—Humming-bird Hawk

Fuciformis—Broad-bordered Bee Hawk

Bombyliformis—Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk

SESIIDÆ.

Trochilium.

Apiformis—Hornet Clearwing of the Poplar

Crabroniformis (Bembeciformis)—Hornet Clearwing of Osier

Sciopteron.

Tabaniformis (Vespiforme)—Dusky Clearwing

Sesia.

Scoliiformis—Welsh Clearwing

Sphegiformis—White-barred Clearwing

Andreniformis—Orange-tailed Clearwing

Tipuliformis—Currant Clearwing

Asiliformis (Cynipiformis)—Yellow-legged Clearwing

Myopiformis—Red-belted Clearwing

Culiciformis—Large Red-belted Clearwing

Formiciformis—Red-tipped Clearwing

Ichneumoniformis—Six-belted Clearwing

Musciformis (Philanthiformis)—Thrift Clearwing

Chrysidiformis—Fiery Clearwing

ZYGÆNIDÆ.

Ino.

Globulariæ—Scarce Forester

Statices—Forester

Geryon—Cistus Forester

Zygæna.

Pilosellæ (Minos)—Transparent Burnet

Exulans—Scotch Burnet

Meliloti—New Forest Burnet

Trifolii—Broad-bordered Five-spotted Burnet

Loniceræ—Narrow-bordered Five-spotted Burnet

Filipendulæ—Six-spotted Burnet

BOMBYCES.

NYCTEOLIDÆ.

Sarothripus.

Undulanus—Tortrix Moth

Earias.

Chlorana—Cream-bordered Green

Hylophila.

Prasinana—Green Silver-lined

Bicolorana (Quercana)—Large Green Silver-lined

NOLIDÆ.

Nola.

Cucullatella—Short-cloaked

Strigula—Small Black Arches

Confusalis (Cristulalis)—Least Black Arches

Albulalis—Kent Arches

Centonalis—Scarce Black Arches

LITHOSIIDÆ.

Nudaria.

Senex—Round-winged Muslin

Mundana—Muslin Moth

Setina.

Irrorella—Dew Moth

Calligenia.

Miniata—Rosy Footman (Red Arches)

Lithosia.

Mesomella—Four-dotted Footman

Muscerda—Dotted Footman

Sororcula (Aureola)—Orange Footman

Lutarella (Pygmæola)—Pigmy Footman

Griseola (Stramineola)—Pale Footman

Deplana (Helveola)—Buff Footman

Lurideola (Complanula)—Common Footman

Complana—Scarce Footman

Sericea (Molybdeola)—Leaden Footman

Caniola—Hoary Footman

Gnophria.

Quadra—Four-spotted Footman

Rubricollis—Red-necked Footman

Emydia.

Cribrum—Speckled Footman

EUCHELIIDÆ.

Deiopeia.

Pulchella—Crimson Speckled

Euchelia.

Jacobææ—Cinnabar

Callimorpha.

Dominula—Scarlet Tiger

Hera—Jersey Tiger

CHELONIIDÆ.

Nemeophila.

Russula—Clouded Buff

Plantaginis—Wood Tiger

Arctia.

Caia—Tiger

Villica—Cream-spot Tiger

Spilosoma.

Fuliginosa—Ruby Tiger

Mendica—Muslin

Lubricipeda—Buff Ermine

Menthastri—White Ermine

Urticæ—Water Ermine

HEPIALIDÆ.

Hepialus.

Humuli—Ghost Swift

Sylvanus—Wood Swift

Velleda—Northern Swift

Lupulinus—Common Swift

Hectus—Gold Swift

COSSIDÆ.

Cossus.

Ligniperda—Goat

Zeuzera.

Pyrina (Æsculi)—Leopard

Macrogaster.

Castaneæ (Arundinis)—Reed Moth

COCHLIOPODIDÆ.

Heterogenea.

Limacodes (Testudo)—Festoon Moth

Asella (Asellus)—Triangle Moth

LIPARIDÆ.

Porthesia (Liparis).

Chrysorrhœa—Brown Tail

Similis (Auriflua)—Yellow Tail (Gold Tail)

Leucoma.

Salicis—Satin Moth

Lælia.

Cœnosa—Reed Tussock

Ocneria.

Dispar—Gipsy

Psilura.

Monacha—Black Arches

Dasychira.

Fascelina—Dark Tussock

Pudibunda—Pale Tussock

Orgyia.

Gonostigma—Scarce Vapourer

Antiqua—Vapourer

BOMBYCIDÆ.

Trichiura.

Cratægi—Pale Oak Eggar

Pœcilocampa.

Populi—December Moth

Eriogaster.

Lanestris—Small Eggar

Bombyx.

Neustria—Lackey

Castrensis—Ground Lackey

Rubi—Fox

Quercus—Oak Eggar

Trifolii—Grass Eggar

Odonestis.

Potatoria—Drinker

Lasiocampa.

Quercifolia—Lappet

Ilicifolia—Small Lappet

ENDROMIDÆ.

Endromis.

Versicolor—Kentish Glory

SATURNIIDÆ.

Saturnia.

Pavonia (Carpini)—Emperor

DREPANULIDÆ.

Drepana.

Lacertinaria (Lacertula)—Scalloped Hook Tip

Harpagula (Sicula)—Scarce Hook Tip

Falcataria (Falcula)—Pebble Hook Tip

Binaria (Hamula)—Oak Hook Tip

Cultraria (Unguicula)—Barred Hook Tip

Cilix.

Glaucata (Spinula)—Chinese Character

DICRANURIDÆ.

Dicranura.

Bicuspis—Alder Kitten

Furcula—Sallow Kitten

Bifida—Poplar Kitten

Vinula—Puss

Stauropus.

Fagi—Lobster

NOTODONTIDÆ.

Glyphisia.

Crenata—Dusky Marbled Brown

Ptilophora.

Plumigera—Plumed Prominent

Pterostoma.

Palpina—Pale Prominent

Lophopteryx.

Camelina—Coxcomb Prominent

Cuculla (Cucullina)—Maple Prominent

Carmelita—Scarce Prominent

Notodonta.

Bicolor—White Prominent

Dictæa—Swallow Prominent

Dictæoides—Lesser Swallow Prominent

Dromedarius—Iron Prominent

Trilophus—Three-humped Prominent

Ziczac—Pebble Prominent

Trepida—Great Prominent

Trimacula (Dodonea)—Marbled Brown

Chaonia—Lunar Marbled Brown

PYGÆRIDÆ.

Phalera.

Bucephala—Buff Tip

Pygæra (Clostera).

Curtula—Chocolate Tip

Anachoreta—Scarce Chocolate Tip

Pigra (Reclusa)—Small Chocolate Tip

CYMATOPHORIDÆ.

Thyatira.

Derasa—Buff Arches

Batis—Peach Blossom

Cymatophora.

Octogesima (Ocularis)—Figure of Eighty

Or—Poplar Lutestring

Duplaris—Lesser Satin

Fluctuosa—Satin Carpet

Asphalia.

Diluta—Lesser Lutestring

Flavicornis—Yellow-horned

Ridens—Frosted Green

NOCTUÆ.

BRYOPHILIDÆ.

Bryophila.

Algæ—Tree Lichen Beauty

Muralis (Glandifera)—Marbled (Mottled) Green

Par—Scarce Marbled Green

Perla—Marbled Beauty

BOMBYCOIDÆ.

Moma (Diphthera).

Orion—Scarce Marvel-du-jour

Demas.

Coryli—Nut-tree Tussock

Acronycta.

Tridens—Dark Dagger

Psi—Grey Dagger

Leporina—Miller

Aceris—Sycamore

Megacephala—Poplar Grey

Strigosa—Grisette

Alni—Alder

Ligustri—Coronet

Rumicis—Knot-grass

Auricoma—Scarce Dagger

Menyanthidis—Light Knot-grass

Euphorbiæ (Myricæ)—Sweet Gale

Diloba.

Cæruleocephala—Figure of Eight

Arsilonche.

Albovenosa (Venosa)—Powdered Wainscot

LEUCANIIDÆ.

Synia.

Musculosa—Brighton Wainscot

Leucania.

Conigera—Brown-line Bright-eye

Vitellina—Delicate

Turca—Double Line

Lithargyria—Clay

Albipuncta—White-point

Extranea—American Wainscot

Obsoleta—Obscure Wainscot

Putrescens—Devonshire Wainscot

Littoralis—Shore Wainscot

Impudens (Pudorina)—Striped Wainscot

Comma—Shoulder-striped Wainscot

Straminea—Southern Wainscot

Impura—Smoky Wainscot

Pallens—Common Wainscot

Calamia.

Phragmitidis—Fen Wainscot

Meliana.

Flammea—Flame Wainscot

Senta.

Maritima—Silky Wainscot

Cœnobia.

Rufa—Small Rufous

Tapinostola.

Fulva—Small Wainscot

Hellmanni—Mere Wainscot

Extrema (Concolor)—Concolorous Wainscot

Bondii—Bond's Wainscot

Elymi—Lyme Wainscot

Nonagria.

Cannæ—Reed Wainscot

Sparganii—Iris Wainscot

Arundinis (Typhæ)—Bullrush

Geminipuncta—Twin-spotted Wainscot

Neurica—Nerved Wainscot

Brevilinea—Fenn's Nonagria

Lutosa—Large Wainscot

APAMEIDÆ.

Gortyna.

Ochracea (Flavago)—Frosted Orange

Hydrœcia.

Nictitans—Golden Ear

Petasitis—Butter-bur

Micacea—Rosy Rustic

Axylia.

Putris—Flame

Xylophasia.

Rurea—Clouded-border Brindle

Lithoxylea—Light Arches

Sublustris—Reddish Light Arches

Monoglypha (Polyodon)—Dark Arches

Hepatica—Clouded Brindle

Scolopacina—Slender Clouded Brindle

Dipterygia.

Scabriuscula (Pinastri)—Bird's Wing

Cloantha.

Polyodon (Perspicillaris)—Purple Cloud

Aporophyla.

Australis—Feathered Brindle

Laphygma.

Exigua—Small Mottled Willow

Neuria.

Reticulata (Saponariæ)—Bordered Gothic

Neuronia.

Popularis—Feathered Gothic

Heliophobus.

Hispidus—Beautiful Gothic

Charæas.

Graminis—Antler

Pachetra.

Leucophæa—Feathered Ear

Cerigo.

Matura (Cytherea)—Straw Underwing

Luperina.

Testacea—Flounced Rustic

Dumerili—Dumeril's Luperina

Cespitis—Hedge Rustic

Mamestra.

Abjecta—Crescent Striped

Sordida (Anceps)—Large Nutmeg

Albicolon—White Colon

Furva—Confused

Brassicæ—Cabbage

Persicariæ—Dot

Apamea.

Basilinea—Rustic Shoulder Knot

Connexa—Union Rustic

Gemina—Dusky Brocade

Unanimis—Small Clouded Brindle

Ophiogramma—Double Lobed

Leucostigma (Fibrosa)—Crescent

Didyma (Oculea)—Common Rustic

Miana.

Strigilis—Marbled Minor

Fasciuncula—Middle-barred Minor

Literosa—Rosy Minor

Bicoloria (Furuncula)—Cloaked Minor

Arcuosa—Dotted Buff

Phothedes.

Captiuncula—Least Minor

Celæna.

Haworthii—Haworth's Minor

CARADRINIDÆ

Grammesia.

Trigrammica (Trilinea)—Treble Lines

Stilbia.

Anomala—Anomalous

Caradrina.

Morpheus—Mottled Rustic

Alsines—Uncertain

Taraxaci (Blanda)—Rustic

Ambigua—Ambiguous

Quadripunctata (Cubicularis)—Pale Mottled Willow

Acosmetia.

Caliginosa—Reddish Buff

Hydrilla.

Palustris—Marsh Moth

Rusina.

Tenebrosa—Brown Rustic

NOCTUIDÆ.

Agrotis.

Vestigialis (Valligera)—Archer's Dart

Puta—Shuttle-shaped Dart

Suffusa—Dark Sword Grass

Saucia—Pearly Underwing

Segetum—Common Dart (Turnip Moth)

Lunigera—Crescent Dart

Exclamationis—Heart and Dart

Corticea—Heart and Club

Cinerea—Light Feathered Rustic

Ripæ—Sand Dart

Cursoria—Coast Dart

Nigricans—Garden Dart

Tritici—White-line Dart

Aquilina—Streaked Dart

Obelisca—Square-spot Dart

Agathina—Heath Rustic

Strigula (Porphyrea)—True Lover's Knot

Præcox—Portland

Obscura (Ravida)—Stout Dart

Simulans (Pyrophila)—Dotted Rustic

Lucernea—Northern Rustic

Ashworthii—Ashworth's Rustic

Noctua.

Glareosa—Autumn Rustic

Depuncta—Plain Clay

Augur—Double Dot

Plecta—Flame Shoulder

Flammatra—Black Collar

C-Nigrum—Setaceous Hebrew Character

Ditrapezium—Triple-spotted Clay

Triangulum—Double-spotted Square-spot

Stigmatica (Rhomboidea)—Square-spotted Clay

Brunnea—Purple Clay

Festiva (Conflua)—Ingrailed Clay

Dahlii—Barred Chestnut

Subrosea—Rosy Marsh

Rubi—Small Square-spot

Umbrosa—Six-striped Rustic

Baia—Dotted Clay

Sobrina—Cousin German

Castanea (Neglecta)—Grey Rustic

Xanthographa—Square-spot Rustic

Triphæna.

Ianthina—Lesser Broad Border

Fimbria—Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing

Interjecta—Least Yellow Underwing

Orbona (Subsequa)—Lunar Yellow Underwing

Comes (Orbona)—Lesser Yellow Underwing

Pronuba—Large Yellow Underwing

AMPHIPYRIDÆ.

Amphipyra.

Pyramidea—Copper Underwing

Tragopogonis—Mouse

Mania.

Typica—Gothic

Maura—Old Lady

ORTHOSIIDÆ.

Panolis.

Piniperda—Pine Beauty

Pachnobia.

Leucographa—White-marked

Rubricosa—Red Chestnut

Hyperborea (Carnica)—Mountain Rustic

Tæniocampa.

Gothica—Hebrew Character

Incerta (Instabilis)—Clouded Drab

Opima—Northern Drab

Populeti—Lead-coloured Drab

Stabilis—Common Quaker

Gracilis—Powdered Quaker

Miniosa—Blossom Underwing

Munda—Twin-spotted Quaker

Pulverulenta (Cruda)—Small Quaker

Orthosia.

Suspecta—Suspected

Upsilon—Dismal

Lota—Red-lined Quaker

Macilenta—Yellow-lined Quaker

Anchocelis.

Rufina—Flounced Chestnut

Pistacina—Beaded Chestnut

Lunosa—Lunar Underwing

Litura—Brown-spot Pinion

Cerastis (Glæa).

Vaccinii—Chestnut

Spadicea—Dark Chestnut

Erythrocephala—Red-headed

Scopelosoma.

Satellitia—Satellite

Dasycampa.

Rubiginea—Dotted Chestnut

Oporina.

Croceago—Orange Upperwing

Xanthia.

Citrago—Orange Sallow

Fulvago (Cerago)—Sallow

Flavago (Silago)—Pink-barred Sallow

Aurago—Barred Sallow

Gilvago—Dusky Lemon Sallow

Circellaris (Ferruginea)—Brick

Cirrhœdia.

Xerampelina—Centre-barred Sallow

COSMIIDÆ.

Tethea.

Subtusa—Olive

Retusa—Double Kidney

Cosmia (Euperia).

Paleacea (Fulvago)—Angle-striped Sallow

Dicycla.

Oo—Heart Moth

Calymnia.

Trapezina—Dun-bar

Pyralina—Lunar-spotted Pinion

Diffinis—White-spotted Pinion

Affinis—Lesser-spotted Pinion

HADENIDÆ.

Eremobia.

Ochroleuca—Dusky Sallow

Dianthœcia.

Luteago (Barretti)—Barrett's Marbled Coronet

Cæsia—Grey Marbled Coronet

Nana (Conspersa)—Marbled Coronet

Albimacula—White Spot

Compta—The Shears

Capsincola—Lychnis

Cucubali—Campion

Carpophaga—Tawny Shears

Capsophila—Pod-lover

Irregularis (Echii)—Viper's Bugloss

Hecatera.

Chrysozona (Dysodea)—Small Ranunculus

Serena—Broad-barred White

Polia.

Chi—Grey Chi

Flavicincta—Large Ranunculus

Xanthomista (Nigrocincta)—Black-banded

Dasypolia.

Templi—Brindled Ochre

Epunda.

Lichenea—Feathered Ranunculus

Lutulenta—Deep-brown Dart

Nigra—Black Rustic

Cleoceris.

Viminalis—Minor Shoulder-knot

Valeria.

Oleagina—Green-brindled Dot

Miselia.

Oxyacanthæ—Green-brindled Crescent

Bimaculosa—Crescent

Agriopis.

Aprilina—Marvel-du-jour

Euplexia.

Lucipara—Small Angle-shades

Phlogophora.

Meticulosa—Angle-shades

Trigonophora.

Flammea (Empyrea)—Flame Brocade

Aplecta.

Prasina (Herbida)—Green Arches

Occulta—Great Brocade

Nebulosa—Grey Arches

Tincta—Silvery Arches

Advena—Pale Shining Brown

Crymodes.

Exulis (Assimilis)—Northern Arches

Hadena.

Porphyrea (Satura)—Beautiful Brocade

Adusta—Dark Brocade

Protea—Brindled Green

Glauca—Glaucous Shears

Dentina—Grey Shears

Trifolii (Chenopodii)—Nutmeg

Atriplicis—Orache

Dissimilis (Suasa)—Dog's Tooth

Oleracea—Bright-line Brown-eye

Pisi—Broom

Thalassina—Pale-shouldered Brocade

Contigua—Beautiful Brocade

Genistæ—Light Brocade

Rectilinea—Saxon

XYLINIDÆ.

Xylocampa.

Areola (Lithoriza)—Early Grey

Xylomiges.

Conspicillaris—Silver Cloud

Calocampa.

Vetusta—Red Sword Grass

Exoleta—Sword Grass

Solidaginis—Golden-rod Brindled

Xylina.

Ornithopus (Rhizolitha)—Grey Shoulder Knot

Semibrunnea—Tawny Pinion

Socia (Petrificata)—Pale Pinion

Furcifera (Conformis)—Conformist

Lambda—Nonconformist

Asteroscopus.

Nubeculosa—Rannoch Sprawler

Sphinx (Cassinea)—Sprawler

Cucullia.

Verbasci—Mullein Shark

Scrophulariæ—Betony Shark

Lychnitis—Lychnis Shark

Asteris—Starwort Shark

Gnaphalii—Cudweed Shark

Absinthii—Wormwood Shark

Chamomillæ—Chamomile Shark

Umbratica—Shark

GONOPTERIDÆ.

Gonoptera.

Libatrix—Herald

PLUSIIDÆ.

Habrostola.

Tripartita (Urticæ)—Light Spectacle

Triplasia—Dark Spectacle

Plusia.

Chryson (Orichalcea)—Scarce Burnished Brass

Chrysitis—Burnished Brass

Bractea—Gold Spangled

Festucæ—Gold Spot

Iota—Plain Golden Y

Pulchrina—Beautiful Golden Y

Gamma—Silver Y

Interrogationis—Scarce Silver Y

HELIOTHIDÆ.

Anarta.

Melanopa—Broad-bordered White Underwing

Cordigera—Small Dark Yellow Underwing

Myrtilli—Beautiful Yellow Underwing

Heliaca (Heliodes).

Tenebrata (Arbuti)—Small Yellow Underwing

Heliothis.

Dipsacea—Marbled Clover

Scutosa—Rare Marbled Clover

Peltigera—Bordered Straw

Armigera—Scarce Bordered Straw

Chariclea.

Umbra (Marginata)—Bordered Sallow

ACONTIIDÆ.

Agrophila.

Trabealis (Sulphuralis)—Spotted Sulphur

Acontia.

Luctuosa—Four-spotted

ERASTRIIDÆ.

Erastria.

Fasciana (Fuscula)—Marbled White Spot

Venustula—Rosy Marbled

Bankia.

Argentula—Silver-barred

Hydrelia.

Uncula (Unca)—Silver Hook

ANTHOPHILIDÆ.

Thalpochares (Micra).

Ostrina—Purple Marbled

Parva—Small Marbled

Paula—Scarce Marbled

POAPHILIDÆ.

Phytometra.

Viridaria (Ænea)—Small Purple-barred

EUCLIDIIDÆ.

Euclidia.

Mi—Mother Shipton

Glyphica—Burnet Noctua

OPHIUSIDÆ.

Ophiodes.

Lunaris—Lunar Double Stripe

CATEPHIIDÆ.

Catephia.

Alchymista—Alchymist

CATOCALIDÆ.

Catocala.

Fraxini—Clifden Nonpareil

Nupta—Red Underwing

Promissa—Light Crimson Underwing

Sponsa—Dark Crimson Underwing

AVENTIIDÆ.

Aventia.

Flexula—Scallop Barred

TOXOCAMPIDÆ.

Toxocampa.

Pastinum—Black Neck

Craccæ—New Black Neck

BOLETOBIIDÆ.

Boletobia.

Fuliginaria—Waved Black

HERMINIIDÆ.

Rivula.

Sericealis—Straw Dot

Zanclognatha.

Grisealis—Lesser Fan-foot

Tarsipennalis—Fan-foot

Emortualis—Olive Crescent

Herminia.

Cribralis—Dotted Fan-foot

Derivalis—Clay Fan-foot

Pechypogon.

Barbalis—Common Fan-foot

HYPENIDÆ.

Madopa.

Salicalis—Lesser Belle

Bomolocha.

Fontis (Crassalis)—Beautiful Snout

Hypena.

Rostralis—Lesser Snout

Proboscidalis—Snout

Hypenodes.

Albistrigalis—White-streak

Costæstrigalis—Ribbed-streak

Tholomiges (Schrankia).

Turfosalis—Tiny Snout

BREPHIDES.

Brephos.

Parthenias—Orange Underwing

Notha—Light Orange Underwing

GEOMETRÆ.

UROPTERYGIDÆ.

Uropteryx.

Sambucaria (Sambucata)—Swallow Tail

ENNOMIDÆ.

Epione.

Parallelaria (Vespertaria)—Dark-bordered Beauty

Apiciaria—Bordered Beauty

Advenaria—Little Thorn

Rumia.

Luteolata (Cratægata)—Brimstone

Venilia.

Macularia—Speckled Yellow

Angerona.

Prunaria—Orange Moth

Metrocampa.

Margaritaria—Light Emerald

Ellopia.

Prosapiaria (Fasciaria)—Barred Red

Eurymene.

Dolobraria—Scorched Wing

Pericallia.

Syringaria—Lilac Beauty

Selenia.

Bilunaria (Illunaria)—Early Thorn

Lunaria—Lunar Thorn

Tetralunaria (Illustraria)—Purple Thorn

Odontopera.

Bidentata—Scalloped Hazel

Crocallis.

Elinguaria—Scalloped Oak

Eugonia.

Autumnaria (Alniaria)—Large Thorn

Alniaria (Tiliaria)—Canary-shouldered Thorn

Fuscantaria—Dusky Thorn

Erosaria—September Thorn

Quercinaria (Angularia)—August Thorn

Himera.

Pennaria—Feathered Thorn

AMPHIDASYDÆ.

Phigalia.

Pedaria (Pilosaria)—Pale Brindled Beauty

Nyssia.

Zonaria—Belted Beauty

Hispidaria—Small Brindled Beauty

Lapponaria—Rare Brindled Beauty

Biston.

Hirtaria—Brindled Beauty

Amphidasys.

Strataria (Prodromaria)—Oak Beauty

Betularia—Peppered Moth

BOARMIIDÆ.

Hemerophila.

Abruptaria—Waved Umber

Cleora.

Angularia (Viduaria)—Speckled Beauty

Glabraria—Dotted Carpet

Lichenaria—Brussels Lace

Boarmia.

Repandata—Mottled Beauty

Gemmaria (Rhomboidaria)—Willow Beauty

Abietaria—Satin Carpet

Cinctaria—Ringed Carpet

Roboraria—Great Oak Beauty

Consortaria—Pale Oak Beauty

Tephrosia.

Consonaria—Square Spot

Crepuscularia—Small Engrailed

Biundularia—Engrailed

Luridata (Extersaria)—Brindled White-spot

Punctularia—Grey Birch

Gnophos.

Obscuraria—Annulet

Dasydia.

Obfuscaria—Scotch Annulet

Psodos.

Coracina (Trepidaria)—Black Mountain Moth

GEOMETRIDÆ.

Pseudoterpna.

Pruinata (Cytisaria)—Grass Emerald

Geometra.

Papilionaria—Large Emerald

Vernaria—Small Emerald

Phorodesma.

Pustulata (Bajularia)—Blotched Emerald

Smaragdaria—Essex Emerald

Nemoria.

Viridata—Small Grass Emerald

Iodis.

Lactearia—Little Emerald

Hemithea.

Strigata (Thymiaria)—Common Emerald

EPHYRIDÆ.

Zonosoma.

Porata—False Mocha

Punctaria—Maiden's Blush

Linearia (Trilinearia)—Clay Triple-lines

Annulata (Omicronaria)—Mocha

Orbicularia—Dingy Mocha

Pendularia—Birch Mocha

ACIDALIIDÆ.

Hyria.

Muricata (Auroraria)—Golden-bordered Purple

Asthena.

Luteata—Small Yellow Wave

Candidata—Small White Wave

Sylvata—Waved Carpet

Blomeri (Pulchraria)—Blomer's Rivulet

Eupisteria.

Obliterata (Heparata)—Dingy Shell

Venusia.

Cambrica (Cambricaria)—Welsh Wave

Acidalia.

Perochraria—Ochraceous Wave

Ochrata—Bright Wave

Rubiginata (Rubricata)—Tawny Wave

Dimidiata (Scutulata)—Single-dotted Wave

Bisetata—Small Fan-footed Wave

Trigeminata—Treble Brown-spot

Contiguaria—Greening's Wave

Rusticata—Least Carpet

Holosericata—Silky Wave

Dilutaria (Interjectaria)—Dark Cream Wave

Virgularia (Incanaria)—Small Dusty Wave

Circellata—Circellate

Ornata—Lace Border

Marginepunctata (Promutata)—Mullein Wave

Straminata—Dotted-bordered Cream Wave

Subsericeata—Satin Wave

Immutata—Lesser Cream Wave

Strigaria—Streaked Wave

Remutaria—Cream Wave

Fumata—Smoky Wave

Strigilaria (Prataria)—Sub-angled Wave

Imitaria—Small Blood-vein

Emutaria—Rosy Wave

Aversata—Riband Wave

Inornata—Plain Wave

Degeneraria—Portland Riband Wave

Emarginata—Small Scallop

Timandra.

Amataria—Blood-vein

CABERIDÆ.

Cabera.

Pusaria—Common White Wave

Rotundaria—Round-winged Wave

Exanthemata—Common Wave

Bapta.

Temerata—Clouded Silver

Bimaculata (Taminata)—White-pinion Spotted

Aleucis.

Pictaria—Sloe Carpet

MACARIIDÆ.

Macaria.

Alternata—Sharp-angled Peacock

Notata—Peacock

Liturata—Tawny-barred Angle

Halia.

Vauaria (Wavaria)—V Moth

Brunneata (Pinetaria)—Rannoch Geometer

FIDONIIDÆ.

Strenia.

Clathrata—Latticed Heath

Panagra.

Petraria—Brown Silver-line

Numeria.

Pulveraria—Barred Umber

Scodiona.

Belgiaria—Grey Scalloped Bar

Selidosema.

Ericetaria (Plumaria)—Bordered Grey

Fidonia.

Carbonaria—Netted Mountain

Limbaria (Conspicuata)—Frosted Yellow

Ematurga.

Atomaria—Common Heath

Bupalus.

Piniaria—Bordered White

Minoa.

Murinata (Euphorbiata)—Drab Geometer

Scoria.

Lineata (Dealbata)—Black-veined

Aplasta.

Ononaria—Rest-harrow

Sterrha.

Sacraria—Vestal

Lythria.

Purpuraria—Purple-barred Yellow

Aspilates.

Strigillaria—Grass Wave

Ochrearia (Citraria)—Yellow Belle

Gilvaria—Straw Belle

ZERENIDÆ.

Abraxas.

Grossulariata—Currant Moth (Magpie)

Sylvata (Ulmata)—Clouded Magpie

Ligdia.

Adustata—Scorched Carpet

Lomaspilis.

Marginata—Clouded Border

LIGIIDÆ.

Pachycnemia.

Hippocastanaria—Horse Chestnut

HYBERNIIDÆ.

Hybernia.

Rupicapraria—Early Moth

Leucophæaria—Spring Usher

Aurantiaria—Scarce Umber

Marginaria (Progemmaria)—Dotted Border

Defoliaria—Mottled Umber

Anisopteryx.

Æscularia—March Moth

LARENTIIDÆ.

Cheimatobia.

Brumata—Winter Moth

Boreata—Northern WinterMoth

Oporabia.

Dilutata—November Moth

Filigrammaria—Autumnal Moth

Autumnaria

Larentia.

Didymata—Twin-spot Carpet

Multistrigaria—Mottled Grey

Cæsiata—Grey Mountain Carpet

Flavicinctata (Ruficinctata)—Yellow-ringed Carpet

Salicata—Striped Twin-spot Carpet

Olivata—Beech-green Carpet

Viridaria (Pectinitaria)—Green Carpet

Emmelesia.

Affinitata—Rivulet

Alchemillata—Small Rivulet

Albulata—Grass Rivulet

Decolorata—Sandy Carpet

Tæniata—Barred Carpet

Unifasciata—Haworth's Carpet

Minorata (Ericetata)—Heath Rivulet

Adæquata (Blandiata)—Pretty Pinion

Eupithecia.

Venosata—Netted Pug

Consignata—Pinion-spotted Pug

Linariata—Toadflax Pug

Pulchellata—Foxglove Pug

Oblongata (Centaureata)—Lime-speck

Succenturiata—Bordered Lime-speck

Subfulvata—Tawny-speckled Pug

Scabiosata (Subumbrata)—Shaded Pug

Pernotata—Guenée's Pug

Plumbeolata—Lead-coloured Pug

Isogrammaria—Haworth's Pug

Pygmæata—Marsh Pug

Helveticaria—Edinburgh Pug

Egenaria—Pauper Pug

Satyrata—Satyr Pug

Castigata—Grey Pug

Jasioneata—Jasione Pug

Trisignaria—Triple-spotted Pug

Virgaureata—Golden-rod Pug

Fraxinata—Ash-tree Pug

Extensaria—Scarce Pug

Pimpinellata—Pimpinel Pug

Valerianata—Valerian Pug

Pusillata—Dwarf Pug

Irriguata—Marbled Pug

Campanulata—Campanula Pug

Innotata—Long-winged Pug

Indigata—Ochreous Pug

Constrictata—Wild Thyme Pug

Nanata—Narrow-winged Pug

Subnotata—Plain Pug

Vulgata—Common Pug

Albipunctata—White-spotted Pug

Expallidata—Bleached Pug

Absinthiata—Wormwood Pug

Minutata—Ling Pug

Assimilata—Currant Pug

Tenuiata—Slender Pug

Subciliata—Maple Pug

Lariciata—Larch Pug

Abbreviata—Brindled Pug

Dodoneata—Oak-tree Pug

Exiguata—Mottled Pug

Ultimaria—Tamarisk Pug

Sobrinata—Juniper Pug

Togata—Cloaked Pug

Pumilata—Double-striped Pug

Coronata—V Pug

Rectangulata—Green Pug

Debiliata—Bilberry Pug

Collix.

Sparsata—Dentated Pug

Lobophora.

Sexalisata (Sexalata)—Small Seraphim

Halterata (Hexapterata)—Seraphim

Viretata—Yellow-barred Brindle

Carpinata (Lobulata)—Early Tooth-striped

Polycommata—Barred Tooth-striped

Thera.

Juniperata—Juniper Carpet

Simulata—Chestnut-coloured Carpet

Variata (Obeliscata)—Shaded Broad-bar

Firmata—Pine Carpet

Hypsipetes.

Ruberata—Ruddy High-flier

Trifasciata (Impluviata)—May High-flier

Sordidata (Elutata)—July High-flier

Melanthia.

Bicolorata (Rubiginata)—Blue-bordered Carpet

Ocellata—Purple Bar

Albicillata—Beautiful Carpet

Melanippe.

Hastata—Argent and Sable

Tristata—Small Argent and Sable

Procellata—Chalk Carpet

Unangulata—Sharp-angled Carpet

Rivata—Wood Carpet

Sociata (Subtristata)—Common Carpet

Montanata—Silver-ground Carpet

Galiata—Galium Carpet

Fluctuata—Garden Carpet

Anticlea.

Cucullata (Sinuata)—Royal Mantle

Rubidata—Flame

Badiata—Shoulder Stripe

Nigrofasciaria (Derivata)—Streamer

Berberata—Barberry Carpet

Coremia.

Munitata—Red Carpet

Designata (Propugnata)—Flame Carpet

Ferrugata—Red Twin-spot Carpet

Unidentaria—Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet

Quadrifasciaria—Large Twin-spot Carpet

Camptogramma.

Bilineata—Yellow Shell

Fluviata—Gem

Phibalapteryx.

Tersata—Fern

Lapidata—Slender-striped Rufous

Vittata (Lignata)—Oblique Carpet

Polygrammata (Conjunctaria)—Many-lined

Vitalbata—Small Waved Umber

Triphosa.

Dubitata—Tissue

Eucosmia.

Certata—Scarce Tissue

Undulata—Scalloped Shell

Scotosia.

Vetulata—Brown Scallop

Rhamnata—Dark Umber

Cidaria.

Siterata (Psittacata)—Red-green Carpet

Miata—Autumn Green Carpet

Picata—Short-cloak Carpet

Corylata—Broken-barred Carpet

Sagittata—Marsh Carpet

Truncata (Russata)—Common Marbled Carpet

Immanata—Dark Marbled Carpet

Suffumata—Water Carpet

Reticulata—Netted Carpet

Silaceata—Small Phœnix

Prunata (Ribesiaria)—Phœnix

Testata—Chevron

Populata—Northern Spinach

Fulvata—Barred Yellow

Dotata (Pyraliata)—Barred Straw

Associata (Dotata)—Spinach

Pelurga.

Comitata—Dark Spinach

EUBOLIIDÆ.

Eubolia.

Cervinata (Cervinaria)—Mallow

Limitata (Mensuraria)—Small Mallow

Plumbaria (Palumbaria)—Belle

Bipunctaria—Chalk Carpet

Mesotype.

Virgata (Lineolata)—Oblique-striped

Carsia.

Paludata (Imbutata)—Manchester Treble Bar

Anaitis.

Plagiata—Treble Bar

Lithostege.

Griseata—Pale Grey Carpet

Chesias.

Spartiata—Streak

Rufata (Obliquaria)—Broom Tip

SIONIDÆ.

Tanagra.

Atrata (Chærophyllata)—Chimney Sweep

APPENDIX II THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR

The success of the country rambles of an expert lepidopterist depends greatly on his knowledge of the times at which the various butterflies and moths generally appear, and of the localities which they are known to frequent. The experiences he has gained in the past enable him to calculate on the probabilities of the future, and he chooses both time and locality according to his requirements.

As he makes his way to the hunting ground he counts over the chances of meeting with a certain insect that is wanted to fill a long-standing blank in his cabinet; and we hear him discussing the probabilities as to whether this species is yet 'out,' or whether the larvæ of that species are feeding.

How different it is with the young and unguided entomologist! He rambles promiscuously here and there, having only the faintest idea as to what he is likely to see, and perhaps meeting with only four or five species when an experienced collector, without covering a larger area of ground, would take scores in the same time.

In order to afford some little help to the beginner, I have thought it advisable to introduce a calendar of operations to guide him in his work. The space at our command would not allow this to be carried out in detail, but the general instructions will undoubtedly assist most of my readers until the practical experience gained by a few years' work has enabled them to run on their own legs.

Of course, in making reference to the monthly lists of insects on the wing, allowance must be made for the forwardness or backwardness of the seasons. Thus, an insect entered in the April list may appear in March in an exceptionally warm season, but may not emerge till the early part of May if the spring has been unusually severe.

It will be observed that in cases where all the species of a certain genus or family appear on the wing in the same month, the name of that genus or family is entered on the list instead of the names of the individual species; but the latter can easily be obtained by reference to Appendix I.

JANUARY

There is not much field work to be done during this month. If the weather is very severe, hardly an insect will be found on the wing; but a mild January will sometimes entice the Brimstone Butterfly (Rhamni) and some of the hybernating Vanessas from their winter quarters.

Hybernating moths may also be met with, on the wing if the weather is mild, or sleeping in their sheltered nooks during the frosts. These include several Noctuæ—Auricoma, Lithargyria, Suffusa, Vaccinii, Spadicea, Erythrocephala, Satellitia, Rubiginea, Croceago, Vetusta, Exoleta, Ornithopus, Furcifera, Semibrunnea, Socia, and Libatrix; and also a few Geometræ—Zonaria, Fluviata, Dubitata, Siterata, and Miata.

In addition to these hybernating insects, the collector may examine tree trunks and fences for the Early Moth (Rupicapraria), and late specimens of the Winter Moth (Brumata); and towards the end of the month he may expect to meet with fresh specimens of the Pale Brindled Beauty (Pedaria) and the Spring Usher (Leucophæaria). A few of the Tineæ may also be seen.

The net need not be used at all during the colder months of the year, as the moths are easily taken in pill boxes from the trunks and fences on which they rest.

Pupa digging may be carried on throughout the month if the weather is sufficiently mild, but it is of no use attempting this during a frost. Hybernating larvæ may also be searched out of their winter quarters if the collector does not mind giving them the attention they require; but, as a rule, it is better to wait till they themselves start out to feed in the spring, at which time all their food plants are showing leaf.

FEBRUARY

Our remarks under 'January' concerning pupa digging and other work apply equally well to this month. The same hybernating butterflies and moths may be looked for; and, in addition to Pedaria, Leucophæaria, and Rupicapraria, which now appear more plentifully, the following species will probably be seen:

Small Eggar (Lanestris)

Small Brindled Beauty (Hispidaria)

Oak Beauty (Strataria)

Dotted Border (Marginaria)

March Moth (Æscularia)

About half a dozen species of the Tineæ will also have made their appearance before the end of the month.

MARCH

Many of the hybernating larvæ will come out during March if the weather is mild, and commence to feed; and the young caterpillars will begin to appear from the eggs of the early moths already named. This is consequently a good time to commence the search for larvæ if you intend to go in for rearing. During the daytime some may be beaten from the boughs of trees and shrubs; and those which feed on low plants, being generally nocturnal in their habits, should be searched for in the evening, after dark, with the aid of a lantern.

The hybernating butterflies are now flying more freely than before, and, if the weather is bright and warm for the time of year, a few freshly emerged species may be seen. These may possibly include:

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

As regards moths, several fresh species may be expected to appear, while those named as appearing in February are still to be found. The new-comers may include:

Bombyces.

Kentish Glory (Versicolor)

Yellow-horned (Flavicornis)

Noctuæ.

Pine Beauty (Piniperda)

White-marked Rustic (Leucographa)

Red Chestnut (Rubricosa)

All species of the genus Tæniocampa

Early Grey (Areola)

Green-brindled Dot (Oleagina)

Orange Underwing (Parthenias)

Light Orange Underwing (Notha)

Geometræ.

Early Thorn (Bilunaria)

Engrailed (Biundularia)

Mottled Grey (Multistrigaria)

Sugaring may be commenced towards the end of March, and sallow blossom may be searched in the evening, but it is probable that only a few species will be taken by these means.

A few more species of the Tineæ appear in March, and four or five of the Tortrices are out before the end of the month.

APRIL

This is really a busy month with the entomologist, and it will be necessary to put all apparatus and appliances into perfect order early. The cyanide bottle should be freshly charged, nets examined and repaired if necessary, and all setting boards, breeding cages &c. put in perfect trim for the new season's work.

Larvæ are now feeding freely, and a few hours spent in beating, sweeping, and searching will enable you to stock your cages liberally.

Sugaring may be continued throughout the month, and the sallow blossom may be searched as long as it proves attractive. Moths may also be attracted by light at night.

The following butterflies are generally out during April, in addition to the hybernated species already named:

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Orange Tip (Cardamines)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Euphrosyne)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Green Hairstreak (Rubi)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Grizzled Skipper (Malvæ)

Dingy Skipper (Tages)

The following is a list of the principal moths for April:

Bombyces.

Small Lappet (Ilicifolia)

Kentish Glory (Versicolor)

Yellow Horned (Flavicornis)

Frosted Green (Ridens)

Noctuæ.

Pine Beauty (Piniperda)

White-marked Rustic (Leucographa)

Red Chestnut (Rubricosa)

All species of the genus Tæniocampa

Early Grey (Areola)

Mullein Shark (Verbasci)

Orange Underwing (Parthenias)

Light Orange Underwing (Notha)

Geometræ.

Brimstone (Luteolata)

Early Thorn (Bilunaria)

Belted Beauty (Zonaria)

Brindled Beauty (Hirtaria)

Waved Umber (Abruptaria)

Small Engrailed (Crepuscularia)

Engrailed (Biundularia)

Sloe Carpet (Pictaria)

Netted Mountain (Carbonaria)

Mottled Grey (Multistrigaria)

Satyr Pug (Satyrata)

Marbled Pug (Irriguata)

Campanula Pug (Campanulata)

Brindled Pug (Abbreviata)

Oak-tree Pug (Dodoneata)

Double-striped Pug (Pumilata)

Early Tooth-striped (Carpinata)

Shoulder Stripe (Badiata)

Many-lined (Polygrammata)

Tissue (Dubitata)

In addition to the above, a few species of the Tortrices, several of the Tineæ, and one or two of the Plume Moths (Pterophori) are out during April.

MAY

Little or nothing will be obtained by digging during May, yet a number of pupæ may be found among grass and leaves under trees, and also attached to the leaves and stems of low plants. These pupæ include those of several of the butterflies, among which may be mentioned Machaon, Selene, Euphrosyne, Aurinia, Megæra, Ianira, Rubi, Astrarche, Icarus, Bellargus, Corydon, Lucina, and Sylvanus.

Larvæ may now be taken in abundance by beating the boughs of oaks and other trees, and also by examining low plants.

The hybernating butterflies are still on the wing, and the following are also out:

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Bath White (Daplidice)

Orange Tip (Cardamines)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Small Pearl-bordered (Selene)

Pearl-bordered (Euphrosyne)

Greasy Fritillary (Aurinia)

Glanville Fritillary (Cinxia)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Wall (Megæra)

Marsh Ringlet (Typhon)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Green Hairstreak (Rubi)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Brown Argus (Astrarche)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Clifden Blue (Bellargus)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)

Grizzled Skipper (Malvæ)

Chequered Skipper (Palæmon)

There is a great increase in the number of moths this month, and much good work may be done by means of light traps and by the examination of fences. Many moths are driven from their resting places early in the morning by the direct rays of the rising sun, and then seek out a spot where they are better sheltered, and where they are consequently less easily found. Hence the advantage of searching fences early in the morning.

The May list includes:

Sphinges.

Small Elephant (Porcellus)

All species of the genera Smerinthus and Macroglossa

Some of the Clearwings (Apiformis, Sphegiformis, and Culiciformis)

Cream-bordered Green (Chlorana)

Green Silver-lined (Prasinana)

Bombyces.

Wood Tiger (Plantaginis)

Muslin Moth (Mendica)

Common Swift (Lupulinus)

Pale Tussock (Pudibunda)

Small Lappet (Ilicifolia)

Emperor (Pavonia)

All species of family Drepanulidæ

Alder Kitten (Bicuspis)

Puss (Vinula)

Several of the 'Prominents' (Cuculla, Carmelita, Dictæa, Dictæoides, Trilophus, Ziczac, Trepida, Chaonia, Trimacula)

Chocolate Tip (Curtula)

Small Chocolate Tip (Pigra)

Noctuæ.

Knot Grass (Rumicis)

Sweet Gale (Myricæ)

White Colon (Albicolon)

Cabbage (Brassicæ)

Treble Lines (Trigrammica)

Marsh Moth (Palustris)

Light Brocade (Genistæ)

Mullein Shark (Verbasci)

Betony Shark (Scrophulariæ)

Starwort Shark (Asteris)

Camomile Shark (Chamomillæ)

Small Dark Yellow Underwing (Cordigera)

Small Yellow Underwing (Tenebrata)

Bordered Sallow (Umbra)

Lunar Double Stripe (Lunaris)

Geometræ.

Brimstone (Luteolata)

Speckled Yellow (Macularia)

Purple Thorn (Tetralunaria)

Scalloped Hazel (Bidentata)

Brindled Beauty (Hirtaria)

Peppered (Betularia)

Waved Umber (Abruptaria)

Ringed Carpet (Cinctaria)

Square Spot (Consonaria)

Small Engrailed (Crepuscularia)

Engrailed (Biundularia)

Grey Birch (Punctularia)

Small Grass Emerald (Viridata)

All species of family Ephyridæ

Cream Wave (Remutaria)

White Wave (Pusaria)

Round-winged Wave (Rotundaria)

Common Wave (Exanthemata)

Clouded Silver (Temerata)

White-pinion Spotted (Bimaculata)

Latticed Heath (Clathrata)

Brown Silver-line (Petraria)

Barred Umber (Pulveraria)

Netted Mountain (Carbonaria)

Common Heath (Atomaria)

Bordered White (Piniaria)

Rest Harrow (Ononaria)

Yellow Belle (Ochrearia)

Clouded Border (Marginata)

Horse Chestnut (Hippocastanaria)

Pretty Pinion (Adæquata)

Pugs (Venosata, Consignata, Pulchellata, Plumbeolata, Satyrata, Castigata, Pusillata, Irriguata, Indigata, Nanata, Vulgata, Assimilata, Exiguata, Coronata)

Yellow-barred Brindle (Viretata)

Ruddy High-flier (Ruberata)

May High-flier (Trifasciata)

Common Carpet (Sociata)

Silver-ground Carpet (Montanata)

Streamer (Nigrofasciaria)

Barberry Carpet (Berberata)

Flame Carpet (Designata)

Twin-spot Carpets (Ferrugata and Unidentaria)

Scarce Tissue (Certata)

Water Carpet (Suffumata)

Small Phœnix (Silaceata)

Oblique-striped (Virgata)

Broom Tip (Rufata)

A number of the Micros are also out this month. About twenty species of the Pyralides, one or two of the Pterophori, a few Crambi, about fifty of the Tortrices, and no less than two hundred of the Tineæ. The collector will do well to search fences and tree trunks for these moths, whenever he has the opportunity; and also to use the net freely in wooded country, waste places, and along hedgerows, before and at dusk.

JUNE

There is a marked increase in winged insect life during this month. The early butterflies are disappearing, or perhaps have quite left us; but new species are taking their place. The Sphinges now reach their maximum, as do also the Bombyces; and the other groups are almost if not quite up to their highest total. The Noctuæ and Geometræ each amount to over a hundred species. No less than a hundred and fifty British Tortrices are on the wing; the Tineæ make a near approach to three hundred, and the Pyralides of the month are not far short of numbering a hundred species. It will thus be seen that the net and pill boxes, as well as the setting boards, are in constant demand.

Dull days may be well occupied in beating for moths, and in the examination of fences and the bark of trees; and on bright days, as soon as the butterflies have settled down to rest, the same work may be carried on till dusk.

Micros and Geometræ are out early in the evening, when they should be taken with the net. Later on the Noctuæ may be seen playing round their favourite flowers.

Sugar and light traps are likely to do good service during June, and decoy females of the Bombyces group may be called to your aid.

Larvæ are also abundant during June, and those of most of the butterflies may be taken by carefully searching their food plants.

The following is the list of imagines for the month:

Butterflies.

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Black-veined White (Cratægi)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Small Pearl-bordered (Selene)

Pearl-bordered (Euphrosyne)

Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)

Greasy Fritillary (Aurinia)

Glanville Fritillary (Cinxia)

Heath Fritillary (Athalia)

Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)

White Admiral (Sibylla)

Small Ringlet (Epiphron)

Meadow Brown (Ianira)

Ringlet (Hyperanthus)

Marsh Ringlet (Typhon)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Green Hairstreak (Rubi)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Small Blue (Minima)

Duke of Burgundy (Lucina)

Grizzled Skipper (Malvæ)

Dingy Skipper (Tages)

Large Skipper (Sylvanus)

Chequered Skipper (Palæmon)

Sphinges.

Privet Hawk (Ligustri)

Spurge Hawk (Euphorbiæ)

Small Elephant (Porcellus)

Large Elephant (Elpenor)

Eyed Hawk (Ocellatus)

Poplar Hawk (Populi)

Lime Hawk (Tiliæ)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

All the Clearwings (Sesiidæ)

The Burnets (Fam. Zygænidæ)

Bombyces.

Family Nolidæ

Dew Moth (Irrorella)

Cinnabar (Jacobææ)

Scarlet Tiger (Dominula)

Family Cheloniidæ

Family Hepialidæ

Family Cossidæ

Family Cochliopodidæ

Dark Tussock (Fascelina)

Pale Tussock (Pudibunda)

Scarce Vapourer (Gonostigma)

Fox (Rubi)

Lappet (Quercifolia)

Family Drepanulidæ

Family Dicranuridæ

Pale Prominent (Palpina)

Coxcomb Prominent (Camelina)

Swallow Prominent (Dictæa)

Lesser Swallow Prominent (Dictæoides)

Iron Prominent (Dromedarius)

Pebble Prominent (Ziczac)

Great Prominent (Trepida)

Marbled Brown (Trimacula)

Buff Tip (Bucephala)

Peach Blossom (Batis)

Genus Cymatophora

Noctuæ.

Scarce Marvel-du-jour (Orion)

Genus Acronycta

Powdered Wainscot (Albovenosa)

Most of the species of genus Leucania

Flame Wainscot (Flammea)

Silky Wainscot (Maritima)

Small Rufous (Rufa)

Mere Wainscot (Hellmanni)

Concolorous (Extrema)

Flame (Putris)

Genus Xylophasia

Bird's Wing (Scabriuscula)

Small Mottled Willow (Exigua)

Bordered Gothic (Reticulata)

Feathered Ear (Leucophæa)

Large Nutmeg (Sordida)

White Colon (Albicolon)

Cabbage (Brassicæ)

Dot (Persicariæ)

Rustic Shoulder Knot (Basilinea)

Union Rustic (Connexa)

Dusky Brocade (Gemina)

Double Lobed (Ophiogramma)

Genus Miana

Treble Lines (Trigrammica)

Mottled Rustic (Morpheus)

Rustic (Taraxaci)

Pale Mottled Willow (Quadripunctata)

Reddish Buff (Caliginosa)

Marsh Moth (Palustris)

Brown Rustic (Tenebrosa)

Turnip (Segetum)

Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)

Light-feathered Rustic (Cinerea)

Sand Dart (Ripæ)

Garden Dart (Nigricans)

Lover's Knot (Strigula)

Double Dot (Augur)

Flame Shoulder (Plecta)

Double-spotted Square-spot (Triangulum)

Ingrailed Clay (Festiva)

Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing (Fimbria)

Large Yellow Underwing (Pronuba)

Gothic (Typica)

Heart Moth (Oo)

Genus Dianthœcia

Broad-barred White (Serena)

Small Angle Shades (Lucipara)

Angle Shades (Meticulosa)

Green Arches (Prasina)

Grey Arches (Nebulosa)

Silvery Arches (Tincta)

Pale Shining Brown (Advena)

Northern Arches (Exulis)

Genus Hadena (nearly all)

Lychnis Shark (Lychnitis)

Starwort Shark (Asteris)

Cudweed Shark (Gnaphalii)

Camomile Shark (Chamomillæ)

Shark (Umbratica)

Genus Habrostola

Burnished Brass (Chrysitis)

Plain Golden Y (Iota)

Beautiful Golden Y (Pulchrina)

Silver Y (Gamma)

Scarce Silver Y (Interrogationis)

Genus Anarta

Small Yellow Underwing (Tenebrata)

Bordered Straw (Peltigera)

Bordered Sallow (Umbra)

Spotted Sulphur (Trabealis)

Four-spotted (Luctuosa)

Family Erastriidæ

Purple Marbled (Ostrina)

Small Marbled (Parva)

Small Purple-barred (Viridaria)

Mother Shipton (Mi)

Burnet Noctua (Glyphica)

Black Neck (Pastinum)

Family Herminiidæ

Family Hypenidæ

Geometræ.

Little Thorn (Advenaria)

Brimstone (Luteolata)

Speckled Yellow (Macularia)

Orange (Prunaria)

Barred Red (Prosapiaria)

Scorched Wing (Dolobraria)

Lunar Thorn (Lunaria)

Peppered (Betularia)

Speckled Beauty (Angularia)

Genus Boarmia

Square Spot (Consonaria)

Brindled White-spot (Luridata)

Grey Birch (Punctularia)

Blotched Emerald (Pustulata)

Small Grass Emerald (Viridata)

Common Emerald (Strigata)

Nearly all the family Acidaliidæ

Genus Bapta

Peacock (Notata)

Rannoch Geometer (Brunneata)

Brown Silver-line (Petraria)

Barred Umber (Pulveraria)

Grey Scalloped Bar (Belgiaria)

Frosted Yellow (Limbaria)

Bordered White (Piniaria)

Drab Geometer (Murinata)

Black-veined (Lineata)

Grass Wave (Strigillaria)

Clouded Magpie (Sylvata)

Scorched Carpet (Adustata)

Clouded Border (Marginata)

Twin-spot Carpet (Didymata)

Grey Mountain Carpet (Cæsiata)

Striped Twin-spot Carpet (Salicata)

Green Carpet (Viridaria)

Genus Emmelesia

Most of the Pugs (Eupithecia)

Small Seraphim (Sexalisata)

Seraphim (Halterata)

Yellow-barred Brindle (Viretata)

Shaded Broad-bar (Variata)

Ruddy High-flier (Ruberata)

Purple Bar (Ocellata)

Beautiful Carpet (Albicillata)

Genus Melanippe

Royal Mantle (Cucullata)

Flame (Rubidata)

Genus Coremia

Yellow Shell (Bilineata)

Fern (Tersata)

Oblique Carpet (Vittata)

Small Waved Umber (Vitalbata)

Scalloped Shell (Undulata)

Brown Scallop (Vetulata)

Short-cloak Carpet (Picata)

Broken-barred Carpet (Corylata)

Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)

Small Phœnix (Silaceata)

Small Mallow (Limitata)

Belle (Plumbaria)

Oblique-striped (Virgata)

Treble Bar (Plagiata)

Pale Grey Carpet (Griseata)

Chimney Sweep (Atrata)

JULY

The number of species on the wing in July is even greater than in June. Butterflies are very numerous, some being second broods of double-brooded species, and others late single-brooded insects.

Sphinges are beginning to fall off, and so are the Bombyces, but the Noctuæ and Geometræ are slightly on the increase.

As regards the Micros, a good number of fresh species may be expected, all the groups exhibiting a marked increase in the total number on the wing with the exception of the Tineæ.

Sugaring is likely to pay well this month, and many moths may be attracted by light. Tree trunks and fences should be well examined.

Pupæ may certainly be taken, but unless the collector is particularly desirous of obtaining the pupæ of insects known to be now passing through that stage, he will probably do better by looking after imagines.

Larvæ, however, may well receive a little attention, providing the setting of butterflies and moths leave a little leisure for other employments. Beating by day, and searching by both day and night, even if carried on only occasionally, will probably supply you with as many species as you can accommodate in your glasses and cages.

The butterflies of the month are:

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Black-veined White (Cratægi)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Dark Green Fritillary (Aglaia)

High Brown Fritillary (Adippe)

Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)

Heath Fritillary (Athalia)

Comma (C-Album)

Large Tortoiseshell (Polychloros)

Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)

Peacock (Io)

Painted Lady (Cardui)

White Admiral (Sibylla)

Purple Emperor (Iris)

Marbled White (Galatea)

Northern Brown (Æthiops)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Grayling (Semele)

Meadow Brown (Ianira)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Ringlet (Hyperanthes)

Marsh Ringlet (Typhon)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Brown Hairstreak (Betulæ)

White-letter Hairstreak (W-Album)

Dark Hairstreak (Pruni)

Purple Hairstreak (Quercus)

Green Hairstreak (Rubi)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Silver-studded Blue (Ægon)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)

Small Blue (Minima)

Large Blue (Arion)

Small Skipper (Thaumas)

New Small Skipper (Lineola)

The moths of July include the following species:

Sphinges.

Privet Hawk (Ligustri)

Bedstraw Hawk (Galii)

Eyed Hawk (Ocellatus)

Poplar Hawk (Populi)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

Hornet Clearwing of Poplar (Apiformis)

Hornet Clearwing of Osier (Crabroniformis)

Welsh Clearwing (Scoliiformis)

Red-belted Clearwing (Myopiformis)

Red-tipped Clearwing (Formiciformis)

Six-belted Clearwing (Ichneumoniformis)

Genus Ino

Burnets (Trifolii, Loniceræ and Filipendulæ)

Bombyces.

Tortrix (Undulanus)

Large Green Silver-lined (Bicolorana)

Short-cloaked (Cucullatella)

Most of the family Lithosiidæ

Tiger (Caia)

Ruby Tiger (Fuliginosa)

Buff Ermine (Lubricipeda)

White Ermine (Menthastri)

Wood Swift (Sylvanus)

Northern Swift (Velleda)

Goat Moth (Ligniperda)

Leopard (Pyrina)

Brown Tail (Chrysorrhœa)

Yellow Tail (Similis)

Satin (Salicis)

Reed Tussock (Cœnosa)

Black Arches (Monacha)

Vapourer (Antiqua)

Lackey (Neustria)

Ground Lackey (Castrensis)

Oak Eggar (Quercus)

Drinker (Potatoria)

Sallow Kitten (Furcula)

Poplar Kitten (Bifida)

Lobster (Fagi)

Pale Prominent (Palpina)

Coxcomb Prominent (Camelina)

Buff Tip (Bucephala)

Buff Arches (Derasa)

Peach Blossom (Batis)

Figure of Eighty (Octogesima)

Poplar Lutestring (Or)

Lesser Satin (Duplaris)

Noctuæ.

Marbled Green (Muralis)

Marbled Beauty (Perla)

Grey Dagger (Psi)

Miller (Leporina)

Poplar Grey (Megacephala)

Grisette (Strigosa)

Coronet (Ligustri)

Knot Grass (Rumicis)

Scarce Dagger (Auricoma)

Light Knot Grass (Menyanthidis)

Brown Line Bright Eye (Conigera)

Double Line (Turca)

Clay (Lithargyria)

Wainscots (Littoralis, Impudens, Comma, Impura, Pallens, Phragmitidis, Maritima, Rufa, Bondii, Neurica)

Ear Moth (Nictitans)

Flame (Putris)

Genus Xylophasia

Antler (Graminis)

Straw Underwing (Matura)

Most of Genus Mamestra

Genus Miana

Haworth's Minor (Haworthii)

Treble Lines (Trigrammica)

Genus Caradrina

Brown Rustic (Tenebrosa)

Archer's Dart (Vestigialis)

Pearly Underwing (Saucia)

Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)

Heart and Club (Corticea)

Sand Dart (Ripæ)

Coast Dart (Cursoria)

Garden Dart (Nigricans)

Streaked Dart (Aquilina)

True Lover's Knot (Strigula)

Stout Dart (Obscura)

Dotted Rustic (Simulans)

Northern Rustic (Lucernea)

Ashworth's Rustic (Ashworthii)

Most of Genus Noctua

Genus Triphæna

Copper Underwing (Pyramidea)

Mouse (Tragopogonis)

Old Lady (Maura)

Suspected (Suspecta)

Dismal (Upsilon)

Olive (Subtusa)

Genus Calymnia

Dusky Sallow (Ochroleuca)

Marbled Coronet (Nana)

Genus Hecatera

Minor Shoulder Knot (Viminalis)

Small Angle Shades (Lucipara)

Genus Aplecta

Dark Brocade (Adusta)

Shears (Dentina)

Nutmeg (Trifolii)

Pale-shouldered Brocade (Thalassina)

Silver Cloud (Conspicillaris)

Lychnis Shark (Lychnitis)

Wormwood Shark (Absinthii)

Family Plusiidæ

Beautiful Yellow Underwing (Myrtilli)

Marbled Clover (Dipsacea)

Four-spotted (Luctuosa)

Rosy Marbled (Venustula)

Marbled White-spot (Fasciana)

Small Purple-barred (Viridaria)

Red Underwing (Nupta)

Light Crimson Underwing (Promissa)

Dark Crimson Underwing(Sponsa)

New Black-neck (Craccæ)

Family Herminiidæ

Family Hypenidæ

Geometræ.

Swallow-tail (Sambucaria)

Dark-bordered Beauty (Parallelaria)

Bordered Beauty (Apiciaria)

Orange (Prunaria)

Light Emerald (Margaritaria)

Barred Red (Prosapiaria)

Lilac Beauty (Syringaria)

Early Thorn (Bilunaria)

Scalloped Oak (Elinguaria)

Genus Cleora

Genus Boarmia

Annulet (Obscuraria)

Scotch Annulet (Obfuscaria)

Black Mountain Moth (Coracina)

Family Geometridæ

Golden-bordered Purple (Muricata)

Waved Carpet (Sylvata)

Dingy Shell (Obliterata)

Welsh Wave (Cambrica)

Most of the Acidaliæ

Blood Vein (Amataria)

Family Macariidæ

Latticed Heath (Clathrata)

Bordered Grey (Ericetaria)

Common Heath (Atomaria)

Rest Harrow (Ononaria)

Vestal (Sacraria)

Grass Wave (Strigillaria)

Family Zerenidæ

Twin-spot Carpet (Didymata)

Grey Mountain Carpet (Cæsiata)

Yellow-ringed Carpet (Flavicinctata)

Beech-green Carpet (Olivata)

Green Carpet (Viridaria)

Genus Emmelesia

Pugs (Linariata, Oblongata, Succenturiata, Pernotata, Isogrammaria, Virgaureata, Innotata, Subnotata, Absinthiata, Tenuiata, Subciliata, Rectangulata)

Chestnut-coloured Carpet (Simulata)

Shaded Broad Bar (Variata)

Pine Carpet (Firmata)

July High-flier (Sordidata)

Genus Melanthia

Genus Melanippe

Flame (Rubidata)

Red Carpet (Munitata)

Large Twin-spot Carpet (Quadrifasciaria)

Yellow Shell (Bilineata)

Fern (Tersata)

Oblique Carpet (Vittata)

Many-lined (Polygrammata)

Dark Umber (Rhamnata)

Short-cloak Carpet (Picata)

Marsh Carpet (Sagittata)

Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)

Dark Marbled Carpet (Immanata)

Netted Carpet (Reticulata)

Phœnix (Prunata)

Chevron (Testata)

Northern Spinach (Populata)

Barred Yellow (Fulvata)

Barred Straw (Dotata)

Spinach (Associata)

Dark Spinach (Comitata)

Small Mallow (Limitata)

Belle (Plumbaria)

Chalk Carpet (Bipunctaria)

Oblique-striped (Virgata)

Manchester Treble Bar (Paludata)

Treble Bar (Plagiata)

Pale Grey Carpet (Griseata)

Chimney Sweep (Atrata)

AUGUST

Although there is a very appreciable falling off in the number of species on the wing during August, yet there remains plenty of work for the lepidopterist.

Many of the butterflies of July continue to fly during the whole or part of this month, and several fresh species commence their flight. August, too, may be looked upon as the month for second broods, and an opportunity now arises for searching for some of the species that were missed at the time of their early appearance in May. Clover and lucerne fields should be well worked.

A few Sphinges and a number of the Bombyces are still on the wing. The Noctuæ are on the decrease, but there are yet nearly a hundred species (including the rarer ones) at large.

These last may be taken at sugar in considerable numbers, and it is interesting to note that two of the Vanessas (Atalanta and Cardui) may be caught sipping on your baited trees during the daytime.

Geometræ and Micros fall off very considerably this month, but these, as well as moths of the other groups, may be taken from tree trunks and palings. Light traps may also be used with much success during August.

Fallen fruits should be examined for the larvæ that feed within them; and late in the month ripe fruit will supply food to the lovers of sweets.

Ivy blossom should be well worked at night; and clover and lucerne fields form admirable hunting grounds for moths at night, especially just after rain.

Larvæ are to be obtained in abundance by beating and searching, the latter process being conducted by night as well as by day.

The following is the list of imagines for August:

Butterflies.

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Bath White (Daplidice)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Pale Clouded Yellow (Hyale)

Clouded Yellow (Edusa)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Queen of Spain (Latona)

Dark Green Fritillary (Aglaia)

High Brown Fritillary (Adippe)

Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)

Genus Vanessa

White Admiral (Sibylla)

Purple Emperor (Iris)

Marbled White (Galatea)

Northern Brown (Æthiops)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Wall (Megæra)

Grayling (Semele)

Meadow Brown (Ianira)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Brown Hairstreak (Betulæ)

Purple Hairstreak (Quercus)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Tailed Blue (Bætica)

Silver-studded Blue (Ægon)

Brown Argus (Astrarche)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Clifden Blue (Bellargus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)

Dingy Skipper (Tages)

New Small Skipper (Lineola)

Lulworth Skipper (Actæon)

Large Skipper (Sylvanus)

Silver-spotted Skipper (Comma)

Sphinges.

Death's-head Hawk (Atropos)

Convolvulus Hawk (Convolvuli)

Bedstraw Hawk (Galii)

Striped Hawk (Livornica)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

Red-tipped Clearwing (Formiciformis)

Six-belted Clearwing (Ichneumoniformis)

Bombyces.

Round-winged Muslin (Senex)

Muslin (Mundana)

Footmen (Muscerda, Lutarella, Griseola)

Wood Swift (Sylvanus)

Brown Tail (Chrysorrhœa)

Yellow Tail (Similis)

Satin (Salicis)

Gipsy (Dispar)

Black Arches (Monacha)

Vapourer (Antiqua)

Lackey (Neustria)

Ground Lackey (Castrensis)

Oak Eggar (Quercus)

Grass Eggar (Trifolii)

Drinker (Potatoria)

Hook Tips (Lacertinaria, Falcataria, Binaria, Cultraria)

Chinese Character (Glaucata)

Sallow Kitten (Furcula)

Poplar Kitten (Bifida)

Prominents (Camelina, Trilophus, Ziczac)

Lesser Lutestring (Diluta)

Noctuæ.

Marbled Green (Muralis)

Marbled Beauty (Perla)

Grey Dagger (Psi)

Scarce Dagger (Auricoma)

Wainscots (Musculosa, Albipuncta, Impura, Pallens, Fulva, Cannæ, Arundinis, Geminipuncta, Neurica, Lutosa)