CONTENTS.
Reading edition
PART I.
PAGE
Introduction1
Miscellaneous Orders—Preliminary Observations3
CHAPTER I.
The Order Ranunculaceæ: illustrated by the Garden Ranunculus; the Butter-cup; the Peony; the Anemone; the Hepatica; the Clematis; the Christmas Rose; the Winter Aconite; Monkshood; the Larkspur; and the Columbine9
The Genus Ranunculus, 110—The Genus Ficaria, 16—The Genus Pæonia, 18—The Genus Anemone, 19—The Genus Clematis, 23—The Genus Helleborus, &c. 25—The Genus Aconitum, 27—The Genus Delphinium, 29—The Genus Aquilegia, 31.
CHAPTER II.
The Order Leguminosæ: illustrated by the Sweet Pea; the Red Clover; Acacia armata; the Sensitive Plant; the Barbadoes Flower-fence; the Carob-tree; the Tamarind; the Senna; the Gleditschia; the Logwood; the Judas-tree; and the Kentucky Coffee-tree35
Tribe I. Papilionaceous Flowers, 36—II. Mimosæ, 41—III. Cæsalpineæ, 44.
CHAPTER III.
The Order Rosaceæ: illustrated by different kinds of Roses; the Potentilla; the Strawberry; the Raspberry; Spiræa; Kerria or Corchorus japonica; the Almond; the Peach and Nectarine; the Apricot; the Plum; the Cherry; the Apple; the Pear; The Mountain Ash; the White Beam Tree; the Quince; Pyrus or Cydonia japonica; the Hawthorn; the Indian Hawthorn; the Medlar; Photinia; Eriobotrya; Cotoneaster; Amelanchier; Burnet; and Alchemilla, or Ladies’ Mantle50
Tribe I. Roseæ, 51—II. Potentilleæ or Dryadeæ, 54—III. Spiræeæ, 58—IV. Amygdaleæ, 60—V. Pomeæ, 65—VI. Sanguisorbeæ, 73.
CHAPTER IV.
The Order Onagraceæ: illustrated by the different kinds of Fuchsia; Œnothera, or the Evening Tree-Primrose; Godetia; Epilobium, or the French Willow-herb; and Clarkia75
The Genus Fuchsia, 75—The Genus Œnothera, 79—The Genus Clarkia, 83.
CHAPTER V.
The Order Rubiaceæ: illustrated by the Cinchona, or Peruvian Bark; Luculia gratissima; Cape Jasmine; Rondeletia; Coffee; Ixora; Ipecacuanha; Madder; Galium; Woodruff; and Crucinella stylosa85
The Genus Cinchona and its allies, 86—The Genus Gardenia and its allies, 89—The Genus Rondeletia and its allies, 90—The Genus Coffea and its allies, 91—The Genus Galium and its allies, 94.
CHAPTER VI.
The Order Compositæ: illustrated by the Succory; the Sow-Thistle; the Dandelion; the Burdock; the Daisy; the Chrysanthemum; Feverfew; Pellitory of Spain; Wild Chamomile; True Chamomile; Yarrow; the Bur-Marigold; Groundsel; Ragwort; Bird’s Tongue; Purple Jacobæa; Cineraria; Sunflower; Mutisia; and Triptilion98
Tribe I. Cichoraceæ, 101—II. Cynarocephalæ, 103—III. Corymbiferæ, 104—IV. Labiatæfloræ, 107.
CHAPTER VII.
The Order Ericaceæ: illustrated by the Common or Besom Heath; the Moor Heath; Cape Heaths; Ling or Heather; Andromeda; Lyonia; St. Dabæoc’s Heath; Arbutus; the Bearberry; Gaultheria; Clethra; Rhododendron; Indian or Chinese Azaleas; Yellow Azalea; American Azaleas; Rhodora; Kalmia; Menziesia; Loiseleuria; Ledum; Leiophyllum; the Bilberry; the Whortle-berry; the Cranberry; Pyrola; and Monotropa109
Tribe I. Ericeæ, 110—Sub-Tribe I. Ericeæ Normales, 111—II. Andromedeæ, 115—Tribe II. Rhodoreæ, 120—III. Vaccinieæ, 130—IV. Pyroleæ, 132.
CHAPTER VIII.
The Order Oleaceæ, or Jasmineæ: illustrated by the Common White Jasmine; the Yellow Jasmine; the Privet; the Phillyrea; the Olive; the Fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginica); the Lilac; the Common Ash; and the Manna or Flowering Ash133
Tribe I. Jasmineæ, 134—II. Oleineæ, 136.
CHAPTER IX.
The Order Solanaceæ: illustrated by the Bitter-Sweet; Garden Nightshade; Potato; Egg-Plant; Tomato; Capsicum; Winter Cherry; Cape Gooseberry; the Deadly Nightshade; Lycium, or Duke of Argyle’s Tea-tree; Cestrum; Vestia; Tobacco; Petunia; Nierembergia; Salpiglossis; Schizanthus; Henbane; Datura; Brugmansia; Solandra; Verbascum; Celsia; Nolana; &c.141
Tribe I. Solanaceæ, 142—II. Nicotianeæ, 147; III. Verbascineeæ, 153—IV. Nolaneæ, 155.
CHAPTER X.
The Order Urticaceæ: illustrated by the Common Nettle; the Hop; the Hemp; the Pellitory of the Wall; the Bread-Fruit Tree; the Jack-tree; the Cow-tree, or Palo de Vacca; the Upas or Poison-tree of Java; the Mulberry; the Paper Mulberry; the Osage Orange, or Maclura; the Common Fig; Ficus Sycamorus; the Banyan Tree; the Indian-Rubber Tree; and Ficus religiosa157
Tribe I. Urticaceæ, 158—II. Artocarpæ, 163.
CHAPTER XI.
The Catkin-bearing Trees: illustrated by the Walnut; the Hickory; the Willow; the Poplar; the Alder; the Birch; the Oak; the Beech; the Sweet Chesnut; the Hazel; the Hornbeam; the Hop Hornbeam; the Plane Trees; the Liquidambar; Myrica; Comptonia; Casuarina; and Garrya elliptica174
Juglandaceæ, the Walnut Tribe, 176—the Genus Juglans, ib.—the Genus Carya, 180—Salicaceæ, the Willow Tribe, 181—the Genus Salix, 182—the Genus Populus, 184—Betulaceæ, the Birch Tribe, 187—the Genus Betula, 188—the Genus Alnus, 189—Cupuliferæ, the Cup-bearing Trees, 190—the Genus Quercus, 191—the Genus Fagus, 195—the Genus Castanea, 198—the Genus Corylus, 200—the Genus Carpinus, 201—the Genus Ostrya, 202—the Order Platanaceæ, ib.—the Genus Platanus, ib.—the Genus Liquidambar, 203—the Order Myricaceæ, ib.—the Genus Myrica, 204—the Order Garryaceæ, ib.—the Genus Garrya, ib
CHAPTER XII.
The Cone-bearing Trees: illustrated by the Scotch Pine; the Spruce Fir; the Silver Fir; the Larch; the Cedar; the Araucaria; the Arbor Vitæ; the Cypress; the Deciduous Cypress; the Juniper; the Yew; and the Cycadeæ205
§ I. The Abietineæ, the Pine and Fir Tribe, 206—the Genus Pinus, 209—the Genus Abies, the Spruce Fir, 212—the Genus Picea, the Silver Fir, 214—the Genus Larix, the Larch, 216—the Genus Cedrus, the Cedar, 217—the Genus Araucaria, 219—§ II. Cupressineæ, the Cypress Tribe, 220—the Genus Callitris, 222—the Genus Cupressus, the Cypress, 223—the Genus Taxodium, the Deciduous Cypress, 224—the Genus Juniperus, the Juniper, 225—§ III. Taxineæ, the Yew Tribe, 228—the Genus Taxus, the Yew, ib.—the Order Cycadæ, 229.
PART II.
Sketch of the Natural System, according to Professor Decandolle231
Introductionib.
CHAPTER I.
Phanerogamous Plants—Dicotyledoneæ—I. Dichlamydeæ239
ORDERPAGE
§ I.—Thalamifloræ.
1. Ranunculaceæ239
2. Dilleniaceæ240
3. Magnoliaceæ241
4. Anonaceæ—the Custard-apple Tribe245
5. Menispermaceæ—the Cocculus Tribe246
6. Berberideæ—the Berberry Tribe247
7. Podophyllaceæ—the May-apple Tribe253
8. Hydropeltideæ254
9. Nymphæaceæ—the Water-lily Tribeib.
10. Sarracenieæ—the Side-saddle Plant259
11. Papaveraceæ—the Poppy Tribeib.
12. Fumariaceæ—the Fumitory Tribe266
13. Cruciferæ—Cruciferous Plantsib.
14. Resedaceæ—the Mignonette271
15. Datisceæ273
16. Capparideæ—the Caper Tribe274
17. Flacourtianeæ275
18. Bixineæ—the Arnotta Tribeib.
19. Cistineæ—the Cistus Tribeib.
20. Violaceæ—the Violet Tribe279
31. Droseraceæ—the Sun-dew Tribe284
22. Polygaleæ—the Milkwort Tribe285
23. Tremandreæ286
24. Pittosporeæ—the Pittosporum Tribe287
25. Frankeniaceæ—the Frankenia Tribe288
26. Caryophyllaceæ—the Carnation Tribe289
27. Linaceæ—the Flax Tribe293
28. Malvaceæ—the Mallow Tribe296
29. Bombaceæ—the Silk Cotton-tree Tribe299
30. Byttneriaceæ300
31. Tiliaceæ—the Linden Tribe301
32. Elæocarpæ—the Elæocarpus Tribe302
32*. Dipterocarpæ—the Camphor-tree Tribe303
33. Chelonaceæ, or Hugoniaceæib.
34. Ternstrœmiaceæib.
35. Camelliaceæ—the Camellia Tribe304
36. Olacineæ—the Olax Tribe307
37. Aurantiaceæ—the Orange Tribe307
38. Hypericineæ—the Hypericum Tribe312
39. Guttiferæ—the Mangosteen Tribe313
40. Marcgraaviaceæib.
41. Hippocrataceæib.
42. Erythroxyleæ—the Red Wood Tribe314
43. Malpighiaceæ—the Barbadoes Cherry Tribe314
44. Acerineæ—the Maple Tribe315
45. Hippocastaneæ, or Æsculaceæ—the Horse-chestnut Tribe322
46. Rhizoboleæ—the Caryocar Tribe327
47. Sapindaceæ—the Soap-tree Tribeib.
48. Meliaceæ—the Bead-tree Tribe328
48*. Cedreleæ—the Mahogany Tribe329
49. Ampelideæ—the Vine Tribeib.
50. Geraniaceæ—the Geranium Tribe332
51. Tropæolaceæ—the Nasturtium Tribe337
51*. Limnantheæib.
52. Balsamineæ—the Balsam Tribe338
53. Oxalideæ—the Wood-sorrel Tribe339
54. Zygophylleæ—the Bean-caper Tribe340
55. Rutaceæ—the Rue Tribeib.
56. Simarubaceæ342
57. Ochnaceæib.
58. Coriareæib.
§ II.—Calycifloræ.
59. Celastrineæ343
60. Rhamnaceæ345
61. Bruniaceæ346
62. Samydeæib.
63. Homalineæib.
64. Chailletiaceæ347
65. Aquilarineæib.
66. Terebinthaceæ—the Turpentine Tribeib.
67. Leguminosæ—(See Chap. II. in p. 35)349
68. Rosaceæ—(See Chap. III. in p. 50)350
69. Calycanthaceæ351
70. Granateæ352
71. Memecyleæ353
72. Combretaceæib.
73. Vochysieæib.
74. Rhizophoreæib.
75. Lophireæ354
76. Onagrariæ—(See Chap. IV. in p. 75)ib.
77. Halorageæ, or Cercodianæ355
78. Ceratophylleæib.
79. Lythrarieæ, or Salicariæ356
80. Tamariscineæ—the Tamarisk Tribeib.
81. Melastomaceæ357
82. Alangieæib.
83. Philadelpheæ—the Mock-orange Tribe358
84. Myrtaceæ—the Myrtle Tribeib.
85. Cucurbitaceæ—the Gourd Tribe360
86. Passifloreæ—the Passion-flower Tribe361
86*. Malesherbiaceæ362
87. Loaseæib.
88. Turneriaceæ363
89. Portulaceæ—the Purslane Tribe364
90. Paronychieæ365
91. Crassulaceæ—the House-leek Tribeib.
92. Ficoideæ—the Fig-marigold Tribe367
93. Cactaceæ—the Cactus Tribe368
94. Grossularieæ—the Gooseberry Tribe372
95. Escalloniaceæ376
96. Saxifragaceæ377
97. Cunoniaceæ378
98. Umbelliferæ—Umbelliferous Plants, or the Parsley Tribeib.
99. Araliaceæ379
99*. Hamamelideæ380
100. Caprifoliaceæ, or the Honeysuckle Tribe381
101. Lorantheæ385
102. Chlorantheæ386
103. Rubiaceæ (See Chap. V. p. 85)386
104. Opercularieæ387
105. Valerianeæ—the Valerian Tribeib.
106. Dipsaceæ—the Teasel Tribe389
107. Calycereæ390
108. Compositæ (See Chap. VI. p. 98)ib.
109. Lobeliaceæ391
110. Stylideæ393
111. Goodenoviæib.
112. Campanulaceæ—the Campanula Tribe394
113. Gesnerieæ395
114. Vaccineæ (See Chap. VII. p. 130)ib.
115. Ericaceæ (See Chap. VII. p. 109)ib.
116. Peneaceæ396
§ III.—Corollifloræ.
117. Epacrideæ396
118. Symplocineæ397
119. Styracineæ398
120. Myrsineæ399
121. Sapoteæib.
122. Ebenaceæ400
123. Brexieæib.
124. Oleinæ (See Chap. VIII. p. 136)401
125. Jasmineæ (See Chap. VIII. p. 134)401
126. Strychneæib.
127. Apocyneæ403
128. Asclepiadeæib.
129. Gentianeæ—the Gentian Tribeib.
130. Bignoniaceæ404
131. Cobæaceæ405
132. 133.⦘ Pedalineæ and Sesameæ133.
134. Polemoniaceæ406
135. Hydroleaceæ407
136. Convolvulaceæib.
137. Boragineæ409
138. Cordiaceæ410
139. Hydrophylleæib.
140. Solanaceæ (See Chap. IX. p. 141)ib.
141. Scrophularinæ411
142. Labiatæ412
143. Verbenaceæ—the Vervain Tribe414
144. Myoporinæ415
145. Acanthaceæib.
146. Orobancheæ416
147. Lentibulariæib.
148. Primulaceæ—the Primrose Tribeib.
149. Globulariæ418
150. Plumbagineæib.
CHAPTER II.
Phanerogamous Plants—Dicotyledoneæ—II. Monochlamydeæ419
151. Plantagineæ419
152. Nyctagineæ420
153. Amaranthaceæib.
154. Phytolaceæ421
155. Chenopodeæib.
156. Begoniaceæ422
157. Polygoneæ—the Buckwheat Tribe423
158. Laurineæ—the Sweet-bay Tribe424
159. Myristiceæ425
160. Proteaceæib.
161. Thymelææ426
162. Osyrideæ427
163. Santalaceæib.
164. Elæagneæ428
165. Asarineæ, or Aristolochieæib.
166. Cytineæ429
167. Euphorbiaceæ429
168. Stackhouseæ431
169. Antidesmeæib.
170. Urticeæ (See Chap. X. p. 157)ib.
171. Ulmaceæ432
172. Piperaceæib.
173. Juglandaceæ (See Chap. XI. p. 176)ib.
174. Amentaceæ (See Chap. XI. p. 174)433
175. Hamamelideæib.
176. Empetreæib.
177. Coniferæ (See Chap. XII. p. 205)434
178. Cycadeæ (See Chap. XII. p. 229)ib.
CHAPTER III.
Phanerogamous Plants—Monocotyledoneæ435
§ I.—Petaloideæ.
179. Hydrocharideæ—the Frog’s-bit Tribe435
180. Alimaceæ—the Water-plantain Tribe436
181. Butomeæ—the Flowering-rush Tribe437
182. Juncagineæ—the Arrow-grass Tribe438
183. Orchidaceæib.
184. Scitamineæ441
185. Canneæ442
186. Musaceæib.
187. Iridaceæ443
188. Hæmodoraceæ445
189. Hypoxideæ446
190. Amaryllidaceæib.
191. Hemerocallideæ447
192. Dioscoreæib.
193. Tamaceæ448
194. Smilaceæib.
195. Asphodeleæ449
196. Tulipaceæ450
197. Melanthaceæ451
198. Bromeliaceæib.
199. Pontederaceæ452
200. Commelineæib.
201. Palmæ—the Palm Tribeib.
202. Pandaneæ453
203. Typhineæ—the Bulrush Tribeib.
204. Aroideæ—the Arum Tribe454
205. Fluviales, or Naiades—the Pond-weed Tribe455
206. Junceæ—the Rush Tribe456
207. Gillesieæib.
208. Restiaceæ—the Pipewort Tribeib.
§ II—Glumaceæ.
209. Cyperaceæ—the Sedge Tribe457
210. Gramineæ—the Grass Tribe458
CHAPTER IV.
Cryptogamous Plants460
Sub-Class I—Foliaceæ.
211. Filices—the Fern Tribe461
212. Lycopodineæ—the Club-moss Tribe463
213. Marsileaceæ464
214. Equisetaceæ—the Horse-tail Tribeib.
215. Characeæ465
216. Musci—the Moss Tribe466
217. Hepaticæ468
Sub-Class II.—Aphylleæ.
218. Lichenesib.
219. Fungi470
220. Algæ471
MODERN BOTANY FOR LADIES.