Part I (continued 3)
Reading edition
23. In fine, a Nation well regulated is like a Polypus; take away a Limb, its Place is soon supply'd; cut it in two, and each deficient Part shall speedily grow out of the Part remaining. Thus if you have Room and Subsistence enough, as you may by dividing, make ten Polypes out of one, you may of one make ten Nations, equally populous and powerful; or rather increase a Nation ten fold in Numbers and Strength.[41]
And since Detachments of English from Britain, sent to America, will have their Places at Home so soon supply'd and increase so largely here; why should the Palatine Boors be suffered to swarm into our Settlements and, by herding together, establish their Language and Manners, to the Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them, and will never adopt our Language or Customs any more than they can acquire our Complexion?
24. Which leads me to add one Remark, that the Number of purely white People in the World is proportionably very small. All Africa is black or tawny; Asia chiefly tawny; America (exclusive of the new Comers) wholly so. And in Europe, the Spaniards, Italians, French, Russians, and Swedes, are generally of what we call a swarthy Complexion; as are the Germans also, the Saxons only excepted, who, with the English, make the principal Body of White People on the Face of the Earth. I could wish their Numbers were increased. And while we are, as I may call it, Scouring our Planet, by clearing America of Woods, and so making this Side of our Globe reflect a brighter Light to the Eyes of Inhabitants in Mars or Venus, why should we, in the Sight of Superior Beings, darken its People? Why increase the Sons of Africa, by planting them in America, where we have so fair an Opportunity, by excluding all Blacks and Tawneys, of increasing the lovely White and Red? But perhaps I am partial to the Complexion of my Country, for such Kind of Partiality is natural to Mankind.
TO PETER COLLINSON[42]
Electrical Kite
[Philadelphia] Oct. 19, 1752.
Sir,
As frequent mention is made in public papers from Europe of the success of the Philadelphia experiment for drawing the electric fire from clouds by means of pointed rods of iron erected on high buildings, &c., it may be agreeable to the curious to be informed, that the same experiment has succeeded in Philadelphia, though made in a different and more easy manner, which is as follows:
Make a small cross of two light strips of cedar, the arms so long as to reach to the four corners of a large thin silk handkerchief when extended; tie the corners of the handkerchief to the extremities of the cross, so you have the body of a kite; which being properly accommodated with a tail, loop, and string, will rise in the air, like those made of paper; but this being of silk, is fitter to bear the wet and wind of a thunder-gust without tearing. To the top of the upright stick of the cross is to be fixed a very sharp-pointed wire, rising a foot or more above the wood. To the end of the twine, next the hand, is to be tied a silk ribbon, and where the silk and twine join, a key may be fastened. This kite is to be raised when a thunder-gust appears to be coming on, and the person who holds the string must stand within a door or window, or under some cover, so that the silk ribbon may not be wet; and care must be taken that the twine does not touch the frame of the door or window. As soon as any of the thunder-clouds come over the kite, the pointed wire will draw the electric fire from them, and the kite, with all the twine, will be electrified, and the loose filaments of the twine will stand out every way, and be attracted by an approaching finger. And when the rain has wet the kite and twine, so that it can conduct the electric fire freely, you will find it stream out plentifully from the key on the approach of your knuckle. At this key the phial may be charged; and from electric fire thus obtained, spirits may be kindled, and all the other electric experiments be performed, which are usually done by the help of a rubbed glass globe or tube, and thereby the sameness of the electric matter with that of lightning completely demonstrated.
B. Franklin.
[Note.—The Almanack for 1753 which follows is an exact facsimile of the copy in the W. S. Mason Collection, here reproduced through the kindness of Mr. Mason. See note [43].]
Poor Richard improved:
BEING AN ALMANACK AND EPHEMERIS OF THE Motions of the SUN and MOON; THE TRUE Places and Aspects of the Planets; THE RISING and SETTING of the SUN; AND THE Rising, Setting and Southing of the Moon, FOR THE Year of our LORD 1753: Being the First after Leap-Year.
Containing also,
The Lunations, Conjunctions, Eclipses, Judgment of the Weather, Rising and Setting of the Planets, Length of Days and Nights, Fairs, Courts, Roads, &c. Together with useful Tables, chronological Observations, and entertaining Remarks.
Fitted to the Latitude of Forty Degrees, and a Meridian of near fire Hours West from London; but may, without sensible Error, serve all the Northern Colonies.
By RICHARD SAUNDERS, Philom.
PHILADELPHIA: Printed and Sold by B. Franklin, and D. Hall.
The Anatomy of Man's Body as govern'd by the Twelve Constellations.
♈ The Head and Face.
♊ Arms ♉ Neck
♌ Heart♋ Breast
♎ Reins♍ Bowels
♐ Thighs♏ Secrets
♒ Legs♑ Knees
♓ The Feet.
To know where the Sign is.
First Find the Day of the Month, and against the Day you have the Sign or Place of the Moon in the 5th Column. Then finding the Sign here, it shews the Part of the Body it governs.
The Names and Characters of the Seven Planets.
☉ Sol, ♄ Saturn, ♃ Jupiter, ♂ Mars, ♀ Venus, ☿ Mercury, ☽ Luna, ☊ Dragons Head and ☋ Tail.
The Five Aspects.
☌ Conjunction,☍ Opposition,✱ Sextile,
△ Trine,□ Quartile.
Common Notes for the Year 1753. N. S.
Golden Number6 Dominical LetterG
Epact25Cycle of the Sun26
Courteous Reader,
This is the twentieth Time of my addressing thee in this Manner, and I have reason to flatter myself my Labours have not been unacceptable to the Publick. I am particularly pleas'd to understand that my Predictions of the Weather give such general Satisfaction; and indeed, such Care is taken in the Calculations, on which those Predictions are founded, that I could almost venture to say, there's not a single One of them, promising Snow, Rain, Hail, Heat, Frost, Fogs, Wind, or Thunder, but what comes to pass punctually and precisely on the very Day, in some Place or other on this little diminutive Globe of ours; (and when you consider the vast Distance of the Stars from whence we take our Aim, you must allow it no small Degree of Exactness to hit any Part of it) I say on this Globe; for tho' in other Matters I confine the Usefulness of my Ephemeris to the Northern Colonies, yet in that important Matter of the Weather, which is of such general Concern, I would have it more extensively useful, and therefore take in both Hemispheres, and all Latitudes from Hudson's Bay to Cape Horn.
You will find this Almanack in my former Method, only conformable to the New-Stile established by the Act of Parliament, which I gave you in my last at length; the new Act since made for Amendment of that first Act, not affecting us in the least, being intended only to regulate some Corporation Matters in England, before unprovided for. I have only added a Column in the second Page of each Month, containing the Days of the Old Stile opposite to their corresponding Days in the New, which may, in many Cases, be of Use; and so conclude (believing you will excuse a short Preface, when it is to make Room for something better)
Thy Friend and Servant, R. SAUNDERS.
HYMN to the Creator, from Psalm CIV.
Awake, my Soul! with Joy thy God adore; Declare his Greatness; celebrate his Pow'r; Who, cloath'd with Honour, and with Glory crown'd, Shines forth, and cheers his Universe around. Who with a radiant Veil of heavenly Light Himself conceals from all created Sight. Who rais'd the spacious Firmament on high, And spread the azure Curtain of the Sky. Whose awful Throne Heav'n's starry Arch sustains, Whose Presence not Heav'n's vast Expanse restrains. Whose Ways unsearchable no Eye can find, The Clouds his Chariot, and his Wings the Wind Whom Hosts of mighty Angels own their Lord, And flaming Seraphim fulfil his Word. Whose Pow'r of old the solid Earth did found, Self-pois'd, self-center'd, and with Strength girt round; From
From her appointed Sphere forbid to fly, Or rush unbalanc'd thro' the trackless Sky. To reas'ning Man the sov'reign Rule assign'd, His Delegate o'er each inferior Kind; Too soon to fall from that distinguish'd Place, His Honours stain'd with Guilt and foul Disgrace. He saw the Pride of Earth's aspiring Lord, And in his Fury gave the dreadful Word: Straight o'er her peopled Plains his Floods were pour'd, And o'er the Mountains the proud Billows roar'd. Athwart the Face of Earth the Deluge sweeps, And whelms the impious Nations in the Deeps: Again God spake——and at his pow'rful Call The raging Floods asswage, the Waters fall, The Tempests hear his Voice, and straight obey, And at his Thunder's Roar they haste away: From off the lofty Mountains they subside, And gently thro' the winding Vallies glide, Till in the spacious Caverns of the Deep They sink together, and in Silence sleep. There he hath stretch'd abroad their liquid Plains, And there Omnipotence their Rage restrains, That Earth no more her Ruins may deplore, And guilty Mortals dread their Wrath no more. He bids the living Fountains burst the Ground, And bounteous spread their Silver Streams around: Down from the Hills they draw their shining Train, Diffusing Health and Beauty o'er the Plain. There the fair Flocks allay the Summer's Rage, And panting Savages their Flame asswage. On their sweet winding Banks th' aerial Race In artless Numbers warble forth his Praise, Or chant the harmless Raptures of their Loves, And cheer the Plains, and wake the vocal Groves. Forth from his Treasures in the Skies he pours His precious Blessings in refreshing Show'rs. Each dying Plant with Joy new Life receives, And thankful Nature smiles, and Earth revives. The fruitful Fields with Verdure he bespreads, The Table of the Race that haunts the Meads, And bids each Forest, and each flow'ry Plain Send forth their native Physic for the Swain. Thus
Thus doth the various Bounty of the Earth Support each Species crowding into Birth. In purple Streams she bids her Vintage flow, And Olives on her Hills luxuriant grow, One with its generous Juice to cheer the Heart, And one illustrious Beauty to impart; And Bread of all Heav'n's precious Gifts the chief From desolating Want the sure Relief. Which with new Life the feeble Limbs inspires, And all the Man with Health and Courage fires. The Cloud-topt Hills with waving Woods are crown'd, Which wide extend their sacred Shades around, There Lebanon's proud Cedars nod their Heads; There Bashan's lofty Oaks extend their Shades: The pointed Firs rise tow'ring to the Clouds, And Life and warbling Numbers fill the Woods. Nor gentle Shades alone, nor verdant Plains, Nor fair enamell'd Meads, nor flow'ry Lawns, But e'en rude Rocks and dreary Desarts yield Retreats for the wild Wand'rers of the Field. Thy Pow'r with Life and Sense all Nature fills, Each Element with varied Being swells, Race after Race arising view the Light, Then silent pass away, and sink in Night. The Gift of Life thus boundlesly bestow'd, Proclaims th' exhaustless Hand, the Hand of God. Nor less thy Glory in the etherial Spheres, Nor less thy ruling Providence appears. There from on high the gentle Moon by Night In solemn Silence sheds her Silver Light, And thence the glorious Sun pours forth his Beams, Thence copious spreads around his quick'ning Streams. Each various Orb enjoys the golden Day, And Worlds of Life hang on his chearful Ray. Thus Light and Darkness their fix'd Course maintain, And still the kind Vicissitudes remain: For when pale Night her sable Curtain spreads, And wraps all Nature in her awful Shades, Soft Slumbers gently seal each mortal Eye, Stretch'd at their Ease the weary Lab'rers lie. The restless Soul 'midst Life's vain Tumults tost, Forgets her Woes, and ev'ry Care is lost. Then
JANUARY. I Month.
Then from their Dens the rav'nous Monsters creep, Whilst in their Folds the harmless Bestial sleep. The furious Lion roams in quest of Prey, To gorge his Hunger till the Dawn of Day; His hideous Roar with Terror shakes the Wood, As from his Maker's Hand he asks his Food. Again the Sun his Morning Beams displays, And fires the eastern Mountain with his Rays. Before
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ri. ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
12 Circumcision. 724 436 ♐11 ☽ with ♂
23 Clouds and 724 436 23 ☽ with ♄
34 cold, with 723 437 ♑5 ♃ rise 4 23
45 snow; 723 437 17 Tis against
56 Days inc. 4 m. 723 437 29 ☽ with ☿ some
67 Epiphany. 722 438 ♒10 ♂ rise 4 44
7G 1 p. Epiph. 722 438 22 ☽ w. ♀ Mens
82 wind and 721 439 ♓4 Principle to pay
93 falling 721 439 16 Interest, and
104 Days inc. 10 m. 720 440 28 seems against
115 weather, 719 441 ♈10 ♃ s. 11 6 others
126 then 718 442 23 ♄ rise 5 42
137 very cold, 717 443 ♉6 Sirius so. 10 52
14G 2 p. Epiph. 716 444 19 ✱ ♄ ♀ Interest
152 Day incr. 18 m. 716 444 ♊2 7 *s so. 7 42
163 wintry 715 445 16 ♃ so. 10 39
174 weather; 714 446 ♋0 ♂ rise 4 36
185 but grows more 713 447 15 ☽ with ♃ to
196 Day 9 36 long. 712 448 ♌1 ☉ in ♒ pay
207 moderate, 712 448 17 △ ♃ ♀ the
21G 3 p. Epiph. 711 449 ♍3 Principal.
222 followed by 710 450 18 ♀ sets 8 2
233 clouds, wind 79 451 ♎2 Philosophy as
244 and 78 452 15 well as Foppery
255 Conv. St. Paul. 77 453 28 ✱ ♂ ☿ often
266 Day incr. 38 m. 76 454 ♏11 changes Fashion.
277 cold, with 75 455 24 ♄ rise 4 48
28G 4 p. Epiph. 74 456 ♐7 7 *s sou. 6 47
292 snow or 73 457 19 Sirius sou. 9 44
303 K. Char. behead. 72 458 ♑1 ☽ with ♄ & ♂
314 rain. 71 459 13 ☽ with ☿
January hath XXXI Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
New ☽ 48 mor. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
First Q. 12at noon. ♑♐ ♋♐ ♒♑
Full ● 1910 mor. 112 2911 715 26 N.2
Last Q. 264 mor. 617 3010 1121 245
1223 ♑ 09 1529 192
12♏12 Deg. 1728 18 19♓ 5 14 S.4
☊2211 22♒ 3 18 2211 134
3110 278 27 2617 15 N.1
D.☽ rise ☽ sou:T. O S l t d i l e. The Greatness of that Power, which has been exerted in the Creation, though every Object in Nature shews it, will best appear by considering a little the GREAT Works, properly so called, of Nature; the Sun, and Planets, and the fixed Stars. The Sun and Moon, the most conspicuous to us of all the celestial Bodies, are the only ones mentioned in the sacred Text: But the Invention of that noblest of Instruments the Telescope, and the Sagacity of the Astronomers of later Ages, whose Observations have improved and corrected those of the foregoing, afford us a very different Idea of the Solar System, from what the single Consideration of those two most conspicuous Bodies gives us. As this may probably fall into the Hands of some, who have not Leisure or Opportunities of reading Books of Astronomy, the following brief View of our System, and of the Immensity of the Creation, according to the Theory of the Moderns, may not be unacceptable. It is proper, in the first Place, just to mention, That the real Magnitudes, Distances, Orbits, and other Affections of the Bodies of our System are determined by what Astronomers call their Parallaxes, and by their Elongations from the Sun, and their apparent Magnitudes, and other analogical Methods, which would take up by far too much Time to explain here; by which it is possible to determine
1 439 9 M41 12
2 533 1030 1
3 Moon 1119 2
4 sets. 126 324
5 A. A.53 325
6 70 136 426
7 80 218 527
8 854 30 628
9 950 343 629
10 1047 427 730
11 1146 510 831
12 1250 555 8Jan.
13 M.50 644 9
14 151 734 103
15 252 828 114
16 356 923 125
17 457 1022 16
18 Moon 1121 27
19 rises 1225 38
20 A. Morn. 39
21 756 130 410
22 911 226 511
23 1018 316 612
24 1119 45 713
25 1222 454 714
26 M22 543 815
27 117 634 916
28 221 726 1017
29 316 814 1118
30 43 93 1219
31 444 951 1220 (deter-)mine their
FEBRUARY. II Month.
Before him fly the Horrors of the Night; He looks upon the World—and all is Light. Then the lone Wand'rers of the dreary Waste Affrighted to their Holds return in Haste, To Man give up the World, his native Reign, Who then resumes his Pow'r, and rules the Plain. How various are thy Works, Creator wise! How to the Sight Beauties on Beauties rise! Where
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
15 Days 10 h. long. 70 50 ♑25 ♃ sou. 9 28
26 Purification V. M. 659 51 ♒7 ♂ rise 4 20
37 Clouds 658 52 19 Setting too good
4G 5 p. Epiph. 656 54 ♓1 an Example
52 and wind, 655 55 13 ☿ rise 5 34
63 with 654 56 25 ☌ ☽ ♀ ☌ ♄ ♂
74 falling 653 57 ♈7 ♀ sets 8 2 is a
85 Days incr. 1 6 652 58 20 Kind of Slander
96 weather, 651 59 ♉3 seldom forgiven;
107 then fair 650 510 16 'tis Scandalum
11G 6 p. Epiph. 648 512 29 Magnatum.
122 and cold; 647 513 ♊13 □ ♃ ♀ A great
133 changeable 646 514 27 ♄ rise 3 49
144 Valentine. 645 515 ♋12 ☽ W. ♃ Talker
155 Days inc. 1 22 643 517 27 □ ♂ ♀ may be
166 and like for 642 518 ♌12 7 *s sets 1 0
177 rain, or snow, 641 519 27 ♃ sou. 8 21
18G Septuagesima. 640 520 ♏12 ☉ in ♓ no Fool,
192 then follows 638 522 26 Sirius sou. 8 21
203 Day 10 46 long. 637 523 ♎10 ♂ rise 4 5
214 clear and cold 636 524 24 ♀ sets 9 0
225 weather; but 635 525 ♏8 ✱ ☉ ♄ but he
236 soon changes to 633 527 21 is one that
247 St. Matthias. 632 528 ♐3 △ ☉ ♃ relies
25G Sexagesima. 631 529 15 on him.
262 snow 630 530 27 ♄ rises 3 0
273 or cold rain. 628 532 ♑9 ☽ with ♄
284 Day inc. 1 56 m. 627 533 21 ☽ with ♂
February hath XXVIII Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
New ☽ 33 mor. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
First Q. 1012 aft. ♒ ♑♋ ♑♓ ♑
Full ● 173 aft. 113 27 023 19 N.5
Last Q. 247 aft. 618 37 329 244
1224 36 7♈ 6 ♒ 0 S.3
12♏9 Deg. 1729 46 1112 75
☊ 228 22♓ 4 46 1417 140
287 2719 46 1823 22 N.4
D. ☽ rise ☽ sou: T. their Magnitudes and Distances, when those Distances are not too great to yield a Parallax. Astronomers, for Example, know certainly the Distance of the Moon from the Earth, viz. 240 thousand Miles, because the Moon yields a very sensible Parallax; and they know, that the Sun's Distance from the Earth is very probably, at least, ten thousand Times the Diameter or Thickness of the Earth, which is about eight thousand Miles, and brings the whole Distance to about eighty Millions of Miles. It is, I say, hardly to be doubted, that the Distance from the Sun to the Earth is, at least, eighty Millions of Miles; but it is not certainly known, whether it is not a great deal more. In the Year 1761, the Distance of all the Planets from the Sun will be determined to a great Degree of Exactness by Observations on a Transit of the Planet Venus over the Face of the Sun, which is to happen the 6th of May, O.S. in that Year. But, according to the present Theory, the Sun, to appear of the Magnitude he does to our Eyes at the Distance of eighty Millions of Miles, must be a Body a great many hundred thousand Times larger than the Earth, so that if his Centre were placed where that of the Earth is, his outward Surface would extend one hundred and forty thousand Miles higher than the Orbit of the Moon, his Diameter or Thickness being seven hundred and sixty thousand Miles, whereas that of the Earth is but about eight thousand. This amazing World
1 529 1039 121
2 Moon 1224 222
3 sets A.9 323
4 A. 1252 324
5 745 135 425
6 839 218 526
7 939 31 627
8 1041 350 628
9 1144 438 729
10 1247 529 830
11 M.47 619 931
12 143 718 10Feb.
13 246 817 11
14 341 916 123
15 434 1015 14
16 Moon 1114 25
17 rises 1210 36
18 A. Morn 37
19 753 16 48
20 92 157 49
21 109 248 510
22 1119 340 611
23 1217 432 712
24 M.17 520 813
25 18 68 914
26 20 658 915
27 248 747 1016
28 327 834 1117
of
MARCH. III Month.
Where Goodness worthy of a God bestows His Gifts on all, and without Bounds o'erflows; Where Wisdom bright appears, and Pow'r divine, And where Infinitude itself doth shine; Where Excellence invisible's exprest, And in his glorious Works the God appears confest. With Life thy Hand hath stock'd this earthly Plain, Nor less the spacious Empire of the Main. There
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris. ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
15 St. David. 626 534 ♒3 ✱ ♀ ☿ When
26 Cool and 624 536 15 7 *s set 12 0
37 windy, 623 537 27 ☽ w. ☿ Reason
4G Shrove Sunday. 622 538 ♓9 ♃ sou. 7 25
52 then snow 620 540 21 ♀ sets 9 28
63 Shrove Tuesday. 619 541 ♈4 preaches, if you
74 Ash Wednesday. 618 542 17 ✱ ♄ ☿ won't
85 Days 11 28 long 616 544 ♉0 ☽ w. ♀ hear her
96 follow'd by sharp 615 545 13 ♂ ri. 3 50 she'll
107 nipping weather; 614 546 26 △ ♄ ♀ box your
11G 1st in Lent. 612 548 ♊9 Sirius so. 7 6.
122 Day inc. 2 28 m. 611 549 23 ☍ ♄ ♃ Ears.
133 now fine and 610 550 ♋7 ☽ with ♃
144 Ember Week. 68 552 21 ♄ rise 2 4
155 pleasant for 67 553 ♌6 ♃ set 2 9
166 the season; 66 554 21 Sirius set 11 51
177 St. Patrick. 64 556 ♍6 ♂ rise 3 43
18G 2d in Lent. 63 557 21 7 *s set 11 4
192 then 62 558 ♎5 ☌ ☉ ☿ Equal
203 Days 12 long. 60 60 19 ☉ in ♈ Day and
214 clouds 559 61 ♏3 □ ♄ ☿ Night.
225 and 558 62 17 ✱ ♂ ☿ It is not
236 high winds 556 64 ♐0 □ ♃ ☿ Leisure
247 Days inc. 3 h. 555 65 12 ♀ sets 9 57
25G Annunciation. 554 66 24 □ ☉ ♄ that is
262 with rain and 552 68 ♑6 ☽ with ♄ not
273 cold, but 551 69 18 □ ☉ ♃ used.
284 grows 550 610 ♒0 ♄ rise 1 17
295 more 548 612 12 ☽ with ♂
306 moderate. 547 613 24 Sirius set 11 0
317 Day 12 30 long. 545 615 ♓6 ♃ sets 1 15
March hath XXXI Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
New ☽ 411 aft. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
First Q. 1210 mor. ♓ ♑♋ ♑♈ ♓
Full ● 191 mor. 414 56 2229 0 N.4
Last Q. 26at noon. 919 56 26♉ 4 9 S.1
1222 56 287 154
12♏7 Deg. 1727 56 ♒ 212 254
☊ 226 22♈ 2 57 617 ♈ 6 N.1
316 277 67 1923 165
D. ☽ rise ☽ sou: T. of Fire turns once round in about twenty-five Days. This is known by a Number of dusky Spots, which appear upon the Sun's Face, so as to be seen sometimes with the naked Eye, when he shines through a thin Cloud or Mist; but are always observable with the Help of a Telescope, with a dark Glass for the Security of the Eye. These Spots could not be visible at the Distance of the Sun, if they were not as large as the whole Earth; but such of them as appear of a considerable Breadth, as they often do, must be still vastly larger. They never continue long to make the same Appearance; but are always rising and vanishing again. They are probably Exhalations floating in the Sun's Atmosphere at some Distance from his Body, or Masses of Cynder fallen from that Atmosphere upon his Surface. This glorious Luminary, the Centre of our System, has six opaque Globes, commonly called the Planets, going round him at different Distances, and in different Periods, but all from West to East, as follows. 1. Mercury, a Body considerably inferior in Size to the Earth, performs his Course in about three Months, which is his Year, at the Distance of thirty Millions of Miles from the Sun. The Heat of the Sun in Mercury (if there be no Provision made for mitigating it) must be such, as, if it were the same on the Earth, would keep all the Waters upon it constantly boiling; And the Brightness of the
1 44 9 M21 1218
2 444 106 119
3 Moon 1050 120
4 sets. 1134 221
5 A. A.17 322
6 735 14 423
7 835 151 424
8 940 241 525
9 1039 330 626
10 1144 422 727
11 1243 515 828
12 M.43 613 9Mar.
13 136 710 10
14 227 87 113
15 319 94 124
16 42 101 15
17 442 1058 16
18 Moon 1154 27
19 rises 1244 38
20 A. M.44 39
21 93 137 410
22 1012 230 511
23 1115 324 612
24 124 412 713
25 M.4 50 814
26 043 549 815
27 129 638 916
28 212 724 1017
29 247 810 1118
30 321 854 1119
31 350 938 1220
Sun's
APRIL. IV Month.
There the tall Ships the rolling Billows sweep, And bound triumphant o'er th' unfathom'd Deep. There great Leviathan in regal Pride, The scaly Nations crouding by his Side, Far in the dark Recesses of the Main O'er Nature's Wastes extends his boundless Reign. Round the dark Bottoms of the Mountains roves, The hoary Deep swells dreadful as he moves. Now
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
1G 4th in Lent. 544 616 ♓18 ♂ rise 3 22
22 Rain, and 543 617 ♈0 The Good-will
33 mild 542 618 13 of the Governed
44 weather, 540 620 26 ☽ w. ☿ will be
55 Days inc. 3 32 m. 539 621 ♉19 ✱ ☉ ♂ starv'd,
66 grows windy 538 622 22 ♀ sets 10 26 if
77 and cool, then 537 623 ♊6 ☽ w. ♀ not fed
8G 5th in Lent. 535 625 20 7 *s sets 9 50 by
92 warm and 534 626 ♋4 ☽ with ♃ the
103 springing, 533 627 18 good Deeds of
114 Days 12 56 long. 532 628 ♌2 the Governors.
125 follow'd 530 630 16 ♄ rise 12 21
136 by clouds 529 631 ♍1 7 *s sets 9 30
147 and rain, 528 632 15 ♃ set 12 26
15G Palm Sunday. 526 634 29 Sirius set 10 2
162 then fair and 525 635 ♎13 ♂ rise 2 55
173 pleasant again; 524 636 27 ♀ sets 10 37
184 Days 13 16 long. 523 637 ♏10 Paintings and
195 Maund. Thursday 522 638 23 ☉ in ♉ Fightings
206 Good Friday. 520 640 ♐6 are best
217 now rain 519 641 19 7 *s set 9 0
22G Easter-day. 518 642 ♑2 ☽ with ♄
232 St. George. 517 643 14 Sirius sets 9 33
243 and cool, 516 644 26 seen at a
254 St. Mark. 515 645 ♒8 △ ☉ ♄
265 Pr. Will. b. 1721 513 647 20 distance.
276 then clouds 512 648 ♓2 ☽ with ♂
287 Day 13 38 long. 511 649 14 ♄ rise 11 20
29G 1 past Easter. 510 650 26 ✱ ☉ ♃
302 and wind. 58 652 ♈9 ♃ sets 11 37
April hath XXX Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
New ☽ 32 aft. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
First Q. 105 aft. ♈ ♑♋ ♒♉ ♈
Full ● 172 aft. 112 67 1328 26 N.4
Last Q. 258 mor. 617 68 16♊ 3 ♉ 4 S.1
1223 68 218 125
12♏6 Deg. 1728 69 2412 171
☊ 226 22♉ 3 69 2815 19 N.4
306 278 610 ♓ 118 194
D. ☽ rise ☽ sou: T. Sun's Light must be such as would be quite intolerable to Eyes like ours. But it does not follow, that Mercury is therefore uninhabitable; since it can be no Difficulty for the Divine Power and Wisdom to accommodate the Inhabitants to the Place they are to inhabit; as the Cold we see Frogs and Fishes bear very well, would soon deprive any of our Species of Life. To an Eye such as ours, the Sun, seen from this Planet, would appear seven times as large as he does to us. He is always so near the Sun, that we have no Opportunity of discovering whether he turns round upon his own Axis, or not, and consequently cannot determine what Length the Days and Nights in Mercury are. He is seen sometimes with Telescopes horned like the Moon, and sometimes like a Half moon, but never fully illuminated, because that Side of the Planet, on which the Sun shines, is never turned full towards us, except when he is so near the Sun, as to be lost in the Brightness of his Beams. His enlightned Side is always towards the Sun, which shews, that he only shines with the borrowed Light of the Sun. That this Planet revolves round the Sun in an Orbit nearer to him, than that of the Earth, is plain, because he is never seen opposite to the Sun, but always in the West, when he is seen at Sun-setting, and in the East, when he is seen at Sun-rising; and that never beyond the Distance of twenty-eight degrees from the Sun (a Degree is about
1 419 1021 121
2 Moon 114 222
3 sets. 1153 223
4 A. A.41 324
5 838 132 425
6 941 222 526
7 1048 319 627
8 1151 416 728
9 1240 514 829
10 M.40 611 930
11 125 76 1031
12 26 80 11Apr.
13 246 853 11
14 325 946 123
15 40 1038 14
16 Moon 129 25
17 rises 1221 36
18 A. M.21 37
19 852 112 48
20 956 26 59
21 1053 30 610
22 1139 349 611
23 1217 437 712
24 M.17 528 813
25 049 620 914
26 123 70 1015
27 158 740 1016
28 230 823 1117
29 31 96 1218
30 328 955 1219
twice
MAY. V Month.
Now views the awful Throne of antient Night, Then mounts exulting to the Realms of Light; Now launches to the Deep, now stems the Shore, An Ocean scarce contains the wild Uproar. Whate'er of Life replenishes the Flood, Or walks the Earth, or warbles thro' the Wood, In Nature's various Wants to thee complains, The Hand, which gave the Life, the Life sustains. To
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
13 Philip & Jacob. 57 653 ♈22 ♂ rise 2 30
24 Rain and 56 654 ♉5 ♀ set 10 28
35 Day inc. 4 40 55 655 18 ☽ w ☿ ✱ ♄ ♂
46 gusts 53 657 ♊2 If you would
57 in some 52 658 16 ☽ with ♀ reap
6G 2 past Easter. 51 659 ♋0 ☌ ☉ ☿ Praise
72 places, with 50 70 14 ☽ with ♃ you
83 thunder, 459 71 28 7 *s set 7 56
94 Day 14 4 long. 458 72 ♌13 must sow the
105 then fine 457 73 27 Sirius set 8 27
116 growing 456 74 ♍11 ✱ ♂ ☿ Seeds,
127 weather, 456 74 25 ♄ rise 10 28
13G 3 past Easter. 455 75 ♎9 ✱ ♃ ☿ Gentle
142 pleasant, 454 76 23 ♃ set 10 49
153 with 453 77 ♏6 ♂ rise 2 3
164 Day inc. 5 6 452 78 19 Words and
175 wind and 451 79 ♐2 ♀ set 9 46
186 flying 450 710 15 useful Deeds.
197 clouds, 449 711 28 Ignorance leads
20G 4 past Easter. 448 712 ♑10 ☉ in ♊ ☌ ☽ ♄
212 follow'd 447 713 22 Men into a
223 Days 14 28 long. 446 714 ♒4 Party, and
234 by heat, 445 715 16 Shame keeps
245 then 444 716 28 them from getting
256 rain and 444 716 ♓10 out again.
267 thunder, 443 717 22 ☽ with ♂
27G Rogation Sunday 442 718 ♈4 ♄ rise 9 26
282 Day inc. 5 26 442 718 17 ♃ set 10 6
293 K. Cha. resto. 441 719 ♉0 ♂ rise 1 32
304 pleasant. 441 719 13 ☽ with ☿ Haste
315 Ascension Day. 440 720 27 makes Waste.
May hath XXXI Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
New ☽ 32 mor. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
First Q. 910 aft. ♉ ♑♋ ♓♊ ♉
Full ● 172 mor. 212 610 521 17 N.0
Last Q. 2412 aft. 717 611 923 14 S.5
1222 611 1325 12 3
12♏6 Deg. 1727 512 1727 11 N.2
☊ 226 22♊ 2 514 2026 11 5
315 276 515 2425 14 3
D. ☽ rise ☽ sou: T. twice the apparent Breadth of the Moon.) The same Considerations prove, that the next Planet, viz. 2. Venus revolves round the Sun in an Orbit including that of Mercury within it: For she is always seen in the Neighbourhood of the Sun, and never appears in the West when the Sun is in the East, nor contrariwise; nor ever removes above forty-eight Degrees from him. When she is on one Side of her Orbit, she it our Morning- and on the other, our Evening Star. This Planet turns round upon its own Axis in twenty-three Hours, as the Earth does in twenty-four. Venus performs her annual Revolution round the Sun in two hundred twenty-four Days, at the Distance of about fifty-nine Millions of Miles from the Sun. She is nearly of the Size of the Earth. She appears through a Telescope exactly as the Moon does to the naked Eye, partly enlightened, and partly dark, and with the same Inequalities on her Face as on that of the Moon. Some Astronomers fancy they have seen a Satellite or Moon near Venus, like that belonging to the Earth: But it is not yet certain whether they have deceived themselves or not. 3. The Earth, which we inhabit, possesses the next Place in the Solar System, and, at the Distance of about eighty Millions of Miles, as above, performs her yearly Revolution round the Sun in about three hundred sixty-five Days, and at the same time, as a Bowl upon a
1 40 1044 120
2 Moon 1131 221
3 sets. A.21 322
4 A. 117 423
5 943 214 524
6 1040 312 625
7 1129 410 726
8 123 56 827
9 M.3 62 928
10 048 654 929
11 123 745 1030
12 22 837 11May
13 236 929 12
14 312 1020 13
15 345 118 24
16 Moon 1156 25
17 rises 1248 36
18 A. M.48 37
19 931 142 48
20 1014 230 59
21 1051 319 610
22 1129 46 711
23 120 453 712
24 Morn 536 813
25 027 619 914
26 056 72 1015
27 127 745 1016
28 158 832 1117
29 230 920 1218
30 38 1013 119
31 Moon 116 220
Bowling-
JUNE. VI Month.
To each th' appointed Sustenance bestows, To each the noxious and the healthful shows. Thou spread'st thy Bounty—meagre Famine flies: Thou hid'st thy Face—their vital Vigour dies. Thy pow'ful Word again restores their Breath; Renew'd Creation triumphs over Death. Th' Almighty o'er his Works casts down his Eye, And views their various Excellence with joy; His
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
16 Clouds and 440 720 ♊11 ♀ set 8 17
27 like for 439 721 25 ☽ with ♀ Many
3G 6 past Easter. 439 721 ♋9 ☽ with ♃ have
42 rain, with 439 721 24 quarrel'd about
53 Day 14 44 long. 438 722 ♌9 Religion, that
64 wind and 438 722 23 ☿ rise 3 28
75 thunder; 438 722 ♍7 never practis'd
86 Days inc 5 36 437 723 21 ☌ ☉ ♀ it.
97 flying 437 723 ♎5 Sudden Power
10G Whitsunday. 437 723 19 □ ♄ ♂ is apt to
112 St. Barnabas. 436 724 ♏2 be insolent, Sudden
126 clouds, warm 436 724 15 ♄ ri. 8 13
134 Ember Week. 436 724 28 ♃ set 9 8
145 Days 14 50 435 725 ♐11 ♂ rise 12 52
156 and inclin'd 435 725 24 Liberty saucy;
167 to rain, 435 725 ♑6 ☌ ☽ ♄ ✱ ♂ ☿
17G Trinity Sunday 435 725 18 that behaves best
182 Days inc. 5 40 435 725 ♒0 ☌ ♀ ☿ which
193 with wind 435 725 12 has grown gradually.
204 and 435 725 24 ✱ ♂ ♀
215 Corp Christ. 435 725 ♓6 ☉ in ♋
226 K. Geo. Acces. 435 725 18 He that best
237 thunder, 435 725 ♈0 understands the
24G St. John Baptist. 435 725 12 ☌ ☽ ♂ ☍ ☉ ♄
252 then 435 725 25 World, least
263 cooler, 435 725 ♉8 ♃ set 8 32 likes
274 but soon 435 725 21 ♄ rise 7 8 it.
285 Days 14 50 435 725 ♊5 ☌ ☽ ♀ ☍ ♄ ☿
296 grows hot again. 436 724 19 ♂ rise 12 14
307 St. Peter. 436 724 ♋4 ☽ with ☿
King GEORGE's 27th Year begins the 22d Day
June hath XXX Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
New ☽ 1at noon
First Q. 86 mor. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
Full ● 15at noon. ♊ ♑♋ ♓♊ ♉
Last Q. 234 aft. 111 516 2723 18 S.3
New ☽ 309 aft. 616 418 ♈ 120 235
1222 419 515 ♊ 1 N.1
12♏5 Deg. 1726 420 913 105
☊ 224 22♋ 1 321 1311 204
303 276 322 1610 ♋ 1 S.1
D. ☽ set. ☽ sou: T. Bowling-green not only proceeds forward, but likewise turns round upon its own Axis, so does the Earth turn once round upon its Axis as it goes along, every twenty-four Hours. It is astonishing, and even frightful to think, that this vast and cumbrous Globe of Earth and Sea, which is almost twenty-five thousand Miles in Circumference, has received such an Impulse from the Almighty Arm, as has carried it constantly for above these five thousand Years, that we know of, round the Sun at the Rate of at least fifty thousand Miles every Hour, which it must absolutely do, to go round the Sun in a Year at the Distance of eighty Millions of Miles from him. So that, if an Angel were to come from some other World, and to place himself near the Earth's Way, he would see it pass by him with a Swiftness, to which that of a Cannon Ball is but as one to one hundred, and would be left behind by it no less than the above Number of Miles in the Space of one Hour. There is no more Reason to doubt, that the Earth goes in this Manner round the Sun, than there would be for a Passenger in a Ship on smooth Water, who saw the Objects upon Land continually passing by, to doubt whether the Vessel he was in, or the Shore, was in Motion. We see the Sun continually changes his Place with respect to the fixed Stars, and must own it to be highly improbable that this Change of Place is owing to any Change in the whole Heavens,
1 sets. A.3 321
2 A. 10 422
3 915 158 423
4 107 256 524
5 1049 352 625
6 1125 447 726
7 120 538 827
8 Morn 628 928
9 034 720 1029
10 18 811 1130
11 142 858 1131
12 216 946 12June
13 257 1038 1
14 Moon 1129 23
15 rises 1223 34
16 A. M.23 35
17 851 19 46
18 926 155 47
19 100 240 58
20 1027 324 69
21 1053 48 710
22 1123 450 711
23 1151 532 812
24 1222 618 913
25 M22 74 1014
26 055 753 1015
27 132 842 1116
28 214 939 1217
29 Moon 1036 118
30 sets 1137 219
which,
JULY. VII Month.
His Works with Rev'rence own his pow'rful Hand, And humble Nature waits his dread Command, He looks upon the Earth—her Pillars shake, And from her Centre her Foundations quake. The Hills he touches—Clouds of Smoke arise, And sulph'rous Streams mount heavy to the Skies. Whilst Life informs this Frame, that Life shall be (O First and Greatest!) sacred all to Thee. Thy
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
1G 2 past Trin. 430 724 ♋19 ☽ with ♃
22 Days dec. 2 m. 436 724 ♌4 ☌ ☉ ☿ Anger
33 Clouds 437 723 19 is never without
44 and 437 723 ♍4 a Reason, but
55 wind, 437 723 19 seldom with a
66 then hot, 438 722 ♎2 good One.
77 Days dec. 6 m. 438 722 16 ♀ rise 2 27
8G 3 past Trin. 439 721 29 He that is of
92 follow'd by 439 721 ♏12 □ ♃ ♂ ☌ ♃ ☿
103 rain and 440 720 25 Opinion Money
114 thunder-gusts 440 720 ♐8 will do every
125 441 719 20 ♄ sou. 10 42
136 in many 441 719 ♑2 ☽ w. ♄ Thing,
147 Days dec. 14 m. 442 718 14 ♂ rise 11 38
15G 4 past Trin. 443 717 26 may well be
162 places, then 443 717 ♒8 suspected of
173 more 444 716 20 ♀ rise 2 3
184 settled and 445 715 ♓2 ☌ ☉ ♃ doing
195 Days dec 20 m. 445 715 14 ✱ ♀ ☿ every
206 somewhat 446 714 26 7 *s rise 12 6
217 cooler; but 447 713 ♈8 △ ♄ ♂ Thing
22G 5 past Trin. 448 712 21 ☉ in ♌ for
232 grows hot 449 711 ♉4 ☽ w. ♂ Money.
243 Dog Days begin 450 710 17 An ill Wound,
254 St. James. 450 710 ♊0 but not an ill
265 again, and 451 79 14 ☽ w. ♀ Name,
276 Day 14 16 long. 452 78 28 □ ☉ ♂ may be
287 thunder 453 77 ♋13 ♄ sou. 9 30
29G 6 past Trin. 454 76 28 ☽ w. ♃ healed.
302 follows with 455 75 ♌13 ♂ rise 10 58
313 rain. 456 74 28 ☽ with ☿
July hath XXXI Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
First Q. 7at noon. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
Full ● 156 mor. ♋ ♑♋ ♈♊ ♋
Last Q. 236 mor. 211 323 2010 11 S.5
New ☽ 301 mor. 716 224 2311 21 1
1220 225 2612 ♌ 1 N.4
12♏2 Deg. 1725 226 2914 11 5
☊ 221 22♌ 0 127 ♉ 217 20 1
310 275 129 520 28 S.4
D. ☽ sets ☽ sou: T. which, considering the Distance of the starry Heavens, would require a Motion infinitely more rapid than that above ascribed to the Earth. As for the common Objection against the Earth's Motion, that we are not sensible of it, and that a Stone thrown up from the Earth ought not to fall down upon the same Place again; it is answered at once by the above Comparison of a Ship, from which (as has been often found by Experiment) a Ball fired directly up in the Air, does not fall behind the Ship, let her Motion be ever so swift, but, partaking of the Ship's Motion, is carried forward in the Air, and falls down again upon the Deck. And as to the Objections taken from some Scripture Expressions, which seem to contradict the Theory of the Earth's Motion, it is plain, from innumerable Instances, that Revelation was not given to Mankind to make them Philosophers or deep Reasoners, but to improve them in Virtue and Piety; and that it was therefore proper it should be expressed in a Manner accommodated to common Capacities and popular Opinions in all Points merely speculative, and which were not to have any direct Influence upon the Hearts and Lives of Men. The Truth of the Matter is, that the Demonstrations given by the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton, have established the Doctrine of the Motion of the Earth and other Planets, and the Comets round the Sun, and of the
1 A. A.38 320
2 838 135 421
3 919 232 522
4 957 327 623
5 1030 419 724
6 115 59 825
7 1137 559 826
8 1213 648 927
9 M.13 737 1028
10 053 829 1129
11 133 919 1230
12 224 1012 1July
13 315 1059 1
14 Moon 1145 23
15 rise 1234 34
16 A. M.34 35
17 821 112 46
18 850 155 47
19 920 238 58
20 949 322 69
21 1018 46 710
22 1050 454 711
23 1126 542 812
24 127 630 913
25 M.7 723 1014
26 050 820 1115
27 145 918 1216
28 247 1018 117
29 40 1118 218
30 Moon A.16 319
31 sets 115 420
secondary
AUGUST. VIII Month.
Thy Praise my Morning Song, my daily Theme, My Ev'ning Subject, and my Midnight Dream, When Grief oppresses, and when Pain assails; When all the Man, and all the Stoic fails; When fierce Tentation's stormy Billows roll; When Guilt and Horror overwhelm my Soul; With outward Ills contending Passions join'd, To shake frail Virtue, and unhinge the Mind; When
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
14 Lammas Day. 457 73 ♍13 ♀ rise 1 40
25 More temperate 458 72 27 When out of Favour,
36 Days dec. 46 m. 458 72 ♎11 none know
47 then 459 71 25 thee; when in,
5G 7 past Trin. 50 70 ♏9 thou dost not
62 clouds, with 51 659 22 △ ♂ ☿ know
73 rain 52 658 ♐5 7 *s rise 10 55
84 Day 13 54 long. 53 657 17 thyself.
95 and 54 656 29 ☽ with ♄
106 St. Lawrence. 55 655 ♑11 A lean Award
117 thunder; 56 654 23 ☿ sets 7 54
12G 8 past Trin. 58 652 ♒5 ♄ sou. 8 30
132 sultry weather, 59 651 17 ♃ rises 3 32
143 clouds, and 510 650 29 ♂ rise 10 25
154 Assum. V. Mary. 511 649 ♓11 7 *s rise 10 25
165 rain; 513 647 23 is better than a
176 Days dec. 1 18 514 646 ♈5 ♀ rise 1 37
187 then more 515 645 17 fat Judgment.
19G 9 past Trin. 516 644 29 God, Parents,
202 Day 13 26 long. 517 643 ♉12 and Instructors,
213 temperate, 518 642 25 ☽ with ♂ can
224 clear 520 640 ♊8 ☉ in ♍ △ ☉ ♄
235 and fair; 521 639 22 never be
246 St. Barthol. 522 638 ♋6 7 *s rise 9 52
257 flying 524 636 21 ☽ with ♀ requited.
26G 10 past Trin. 525 635 ♌6 ☽ w. ♃
272 Days dec. 1 42 526 634 21 ♄ sou. 7 36
283 clouds and 527 633 ♍6 ♃ rise 2 54
294 perhaps 528 632 21 ☽ with ☿
305 Day 13 h. long 530 630 ♎6 △ ♂ ☿
316 rain. 531 629 21 ♂ rise 9 54
August hath XXXI Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
First Q. 58 aft. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
Full ● 139 aft. ♌ ♑♌ ♉♊ ♍
Last Q. 219 aft. 19 10 824 5 S.4
New ☽ 2810 mor. 614 11 1128 11 N.2
1220 02 15♋ 4 17 5
12♎29 Deg. 1725 03 179 22 2
☊ 2229 22♍ 0 04 2014 24 S.3
3128 274 05 2319 25 5
D. ☽ set ☽ sou: T. secondary Planets or Satellites round their Primaries, in such a Manner, as leaves no Room for any, but such as do not understand them, to hesitate about it. The Sun's apparent Rising and Setting is therefore owing to the Earth's turning round upon its own Axis; and his apparent Change of Place among the fixed Stars, to our real Change of Situation round the Sun. The different Seasons of the Year, with all their delightful Varieties, are owing to the most simple Contrivance that can be imagined, viz. The Inclination of the Earth's Axis to the Plane of the Ecliptic. Any Person who has not an Opportunity of seeing an Orrery, may easily represent this by an Apple or any other round Body with a Wire thrust through the Middle of it, and carried round a Table having a Candle placed on the Middle; if the lower End of the Wire be made to touch the Table all the Way round, and to lean a little, the upper End still pointing towards the same Side of the Room, by turning the Skewer round, as it is carried along, it will be easy to understand how the Earth's Turning once round upon her own Axis, makes a Day and a Night; and by carrying the Apple round the Table, it will be easy to shew how the Sun (represented by the Candle) must seem to change Place with regard to the fixed Stars; and by observing how differently the Light of the Candle enlightens the different Parts of the Apple as the Wire points toward
1 8 A.25 2 A.9 521
2 93 31 622
3 937 353 623
4 1012 444 724
5 1056 536 825
6 1137 628 926
7 1222 718 1027
8 M.22 818 1128
9 112 857 1129
10 22 945 1230
11 252 1033 131
12 Moon 1118 2Aug.
13 rises 123 2
14 A. M.3 33
15 725 036 34
16 743 120 45
17 822 24 56
18 851 249 57
19 925 333 68
20 103 423 79
21 1047 513 810
22 1142 610 911
23 1237 76 1012
24 M.37 86 1113
25 139 96 1214
26 251 104 115
27 45 111 216
28 Moon 1158 217
29 sets. A.55 318
30 7 A.46 150 419
31 823 245 520
(to-)ward it
SEPTEMBER. IX Month.
When Nature sinks; when Death's dark Shades arise, And this World's Glories vanish from these Eyes; Then may the Thought of Thee be ever near, To calm the Tumult, and compose the Fear. In all my Woes thy Favour my Defence; Safe in thy Mercy, not my Innocence, And through what future Scenes thy Hand may guide My wond'ring Soul, and thro' what States untry'd, What
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
17 Dog Days end 532 628 ♏5 ✱ ♀ ☿ He that
2G 11 past Trin. 533 627 18 ✱ ♂ ♀ builds
32 Clouds 534 626 ♐1 ♀ rises 1 51
43 and 535 625 14 before he counts
54 Days dec. 22 536 624 27 ☽ with ♄ the
65 like for 538 622 ♑9 Cost, acts foolishly;
76 rain; then 539 621 21 7 *s rise 9 0
87 Nativ. V. Mary. 540 620 ♒3 and he
9G 12 past Trin 541 619 15 that counts before
102 wind, 543 617 27 he builds,
113 Days 12 32 long. 544 616 ♓8 finds he did not
124 Days dec. 2 22 546 614 20 ♄ set 11 16
135 fair and 547 613 ♈2 7 *s rise 8 40
146 Holy Rood. 549 611 14 ♃ ri. 2 11 count
157 pleasant 550 610 26 ☌ ♃ ♀ wisely.
16G 13 past Trin. 551 69 ♉9 ♂ rise 9 11
172 Days 12 16 long. 553 67 22 ♀ rise 2 14
183 for some 554 66 ♊5 ☽ with ♂
194 Ember Week. 556 64 18 Patience in
205 days; 557 63 ♋2 Market, is
216 St. Matthew. 558 62 16 worth Pounds
227 then clouds 60 60 ♌0 ☉ in ♎ □ ☉ ♄
23G 14 past Trin. 61 559 14 ☽ w. ♃ & ♀ in a
242 with wind 63 557 29 △ ☉ Year.
253 and 64 556 ♍14 ☽ w. ☿ Danger
264 rain 65 555 29 7 *s rise 7 52 is
275 Days decr. 3 h. 67 553 ♎14 ♄ set 10 21
286 towards the end. 69 551 28 ♃ rise 1 30
297 St. Michael. 69 551 ♏12 ♂ r. 8 32 Sauce
30G Day 13 h. long 530 630 26 for Prayers.
September hath XXX Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
First Q. 48 mor. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
Full ● 12at noon. ♍ ♑♌ ♉♋ ♍
Last Q. 204 mor. 19 06 2524 24 N.1
New ☽ 269 aft. 614 07 2729 20 5
1220 09 29♌ 6 143
12♎28 Deg. 1725 09 ♊ 011 12 S.2
☊ 2228 22♎ 0 010 217 135
3028 275 011 223 171
D. ☽ set ☽ sou: T. it, or from it, the Cause of the Difference of the Seasons, of the Length of the Days and Nights, of the Sun's shining more directly or more obliquely upon different Parts of the Earth, and of the Heat of Summer, and Cold of Winter, may be made plain to any Capacity. That the Earth is of a round, or nearly round Figure, is plain from the Shadow it casts upon the Face of the Moon in a partial Eclipse of the Moon, which is always round, and never of any other Figure. It is also manifest from what it always observed at Sea, viz. That a Ship, as it approaches, first shews its Masts and Sails, and by Degrees its lower Parts, till it becomes all visible; and, as it goes off, its Hulk is first lost, and then its Sails and upper Parts, till it be quite hid by the Convexity or Roundness of the Surface of the Ocean. As the Earth is carried round the Sun once in a Year, so is the Moon carried round the Earth once in about twenty-seven Days, accompanying her in her whole Revolution, at the above-mentioned Distance of two hundred and forty thousand Miles, and keeping always the same Face towards the Earth. That the Moon goes round the Earth, as her Centre, is evident to the Eye. For, when she is between the Sun and the Earth, she is invisible to us, her dark Side being turned toward us. When she goes a little Way forward in her Revolution, so as to come from between
1 91 336 621
2 941 427 722
3 1023 517 823
4 1116 66 924
5 1210 71 1025
6 M.10 756 1026
7 054 841 826
8 150 926 1228
9 248 1011 129
10 348 1057 130
11 437 1137 231
12 Moon 1222 3Sept.
13 rises. M.22 3
14 7 A.7 057 43
15 739 143 44
16 814 230 55
17 857 322 66
18 943 414 77
19 1037 58 88
20 1139 62 99
21 1241 659 910
22 M.41 755 1011
23 144 852 1112
24 253 948 1213
25 Moon 1043 114
26 sets 1137 215
27 A. A.31 316
28 70 125 417
29 739 219 518
30 823 313 619
us
OCTOBER. X Month.
What distant Seats soe'er I may explore, When frail Mortality shall be no more; If aught of meek or contrite in thy Sight Shall fit me for the Realms of Bliss and Light, Be this the Bliss of all my future Days, To view thy Glories, and to sing thy Praise. When the dread Hour, ordain'd of old, shall come, Which brings on stubborn Guilt its righteous Doom, When
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
12 Moderate 612 548 ♐10 If you have
23 and pleasant, 613 547 23 ♀ rise 3 45
34 Days 11 32 long. 614 546 ♑5 ☽ with ♄ no
45 but 615 545 17 Honey in your
56 soon turns 616 544 29 7 *s rise 7 20
67 Days dec. 3 26 618 542 ♒11 ✱ ☉ ♃ □ ♂ ♀
7G 16 past Trin. 619 541 23 □ ♄ ☿ Pot,
82 to rain, 620 540 ♓5 △ ♂ ☿ have
93 with high 621 539 17 some in your
104 wind, and 622 538 29 Mouth.
115 cool, 623 537 ♈11 A Pair of
126 Days dec. 3 40 625 535 23 ♄ sets 9 33
137 then more 626 534 ♉6 ✱ ♃ ☿ good
14G 17 past Trin. 627 533 19 7 *s rise 6 46
152 settled 629 531 ♊2 ☽ with ♂ Ears
163 Day 11 h. long. 630 530 15 ♃ rises 12 42
174 and fair, 631 529 29 Sirius ri. 12 0
185 St. Luke. 632 528 ♋13 ♂ rises 7 20
196 warm, 634 526 27 ♀ rises 3 23
207 Day dec. 4 h. 635 525 ♌11 ☽ with ♃ will
21G 18 past Trin. 637 523 25 drain dry an
222 K Geo. II. cro. 638 522 ♍9 ☌ ☉ ☿ hundred
233 and flying 639 521 24 ☉ in ♏ ☌ ☽ ♀
244 clouds, 640 520 ♎9 ✱ ♄ ☿
255 Crispin. 641 519 23 ✱ ☉ ♄ Tongues.
266 then 643 517 ♏7 ☽ with ☿
277 Days 10 32 long. 644 516 21 ♄ set 8 40
28G Simon and Jude. 645 515 ♐4 Sirius ri. 11 20
292 cold 646 514 17 △ ♂ ♀
303 rain, and wind. 648 512 ♑0 ☌ ☽ ♄ □ ♄ ♀
314 rain. 649 511 13 ♃ rise 11 55
October hath xxxi Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
First Q. 311 aft. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
Full ● 124 mor. ♎ ♑♌ ♊♌ ♍
Last Q. 1910 mor. 29 112 328 24 N.4
New ☽ 265 mor. 714 113 3♍ 4 ♎ 25
1219 114 410 110
12♎28 Deg. 1724 114 316 20 S.4
☊ 2228 2229 215 222 294
3128 27♏ 4 215 128 ♏ 7 N.2
D. ☽ sets ☽ sou: T. us and the Sun, we see a small Part of her Body enlightned, and so on still more and more, till she comes to be in Opposition to the Sun, and then we see all that Side of her which the Sun shines upon, when we say she is full; though the Sun does not, in Reality, enlighten any more of her Body at Full than at new Moon; only her enlightened Side is turned towards us in the one Case, and from us in the other. This whole Matter may be made very plain to any Capacity in the same Manner as is above directed with regard to the Earth's Revolution round the Sun, by carrying a smaller Apple or Ball to represent the Moon round the first, which represents the Earth, and observing how the Light of the Candle shining upon the little Ball must appear to a Fly or other Insect placed upon the large one. Whenever the Moon happens to come exactly between the Earth and the Sun, she stops the Light of the Sun, and then we say, the Sun is eclipsed; and according as the Moon happens to cover a Part or the Whole of the Sun's Face, we call the Eclipse partial or total. Sometimes a total Eclipse of the Sun happens when the Moon is at her greatest Distance from the Earth (for she does not go round the Earth in an exact Circle, as neither do any of the rest of the primary or secondary Planets round their Centers) and then, as all Objects appear smaller according to their Distance, she does not cover the whole Face of the Sun, but a part
1 918 4 A.10 720
2 109 57 821
3 112 556 822
4 1158 644 923
5 1254 731 1024
6 M.54 817 1125
7 146 91 1226
8 242 945 1227
9 342 1030 128
10 436 1114 229
11 Moon 1157 230
12 rises 1241 3Oct.
13 6 A.24 M.41 3
14 75 125 43
15 748 219 54
16 837 313 65
17 938 411 76
18 1046 59 87
19 1155 65 98
20 Morn. 70 109
21 10 750 1010
22 24 840 1111
23 314 936 1212
24 427 1031 113
25 Moon 1124 214
26 sets A.17 315
27 A. 110 416
28 79 23 517
29 80 256 518
30 856 348 619
31 942 439 720
of
NOVEMBER. XI Month.
When Storms of Fire on Sinners shall be pour'd, And all th' Obdurate in thy Wrath devour'd; May I then hope to find a lowly Place To stand the meanest or th' etherial Race; Swift at thy Word to wing the liquid Sky, And on thy humblest Messages to fly. Howe'er thy blissful Sight may raise my Soul, While vast Eternity's long Ages roll, Perfection
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
15 All Saints. 650 510 ♑25 ♂ rise 6 13
26 Days dec. 4 32 651 59 ♒7 Serving God is
37 Clouds 652 58 19 Doing Good to
4G 20 past Trin. 653 57 ♓1 Man, but Praying
52 Powder Plot. 654 56 13 is thought
63 Day 10 10 long. 655 55 25 ♀ rise 4 2 an
74 and threatens 656 54 ♈7 easier Service,
85 cold 658 52 19 □ ☉ ♃ and
96 rain or snow. 659 51 ♉2 therefore more
107 K. Geo. II. b.1683 70 50 15 Sirius ri. 10 27
11G 21 past Trin. 71 459 28 ☽ with ♂ generally
122 then 73 457 ♊11 ✱ ♃ ♀
133 pleasant 74 456 25 ♄ sets 7 35 chosen.
144 Days dec. 5 h. 75 455 ♋9 ♃ ri. 11 4
155 and suita- 76 454 23 7 *s sou. 12 4
166 to the 77 453 ♌7 ☍ ☉ ♂ Nothing
177 season, 78 452 21 ☽ w ♃ humbler
18G 22 past Trin. 79 451 ♍5 ♂ sou. 11 51
192 but follow'd 710 450 19 Sirius rises 9 51
203 Day 9 38 long. 711 449 ♎3 ♀ rise 4 29
214 by cold 712 448 17 ☉ in ♐ than
225 cloudy, 712 448 ♏1 ☌ ☽ ♀ △ ♃ ☿
236 Days dec. 5 16 713 447 15 Ambition, when
247 weather, 714 446 29 it is about to
25G 23 past Trin. 715 445 ♐12 7 *s sou. 11 26
262 with snow 716 444 25 ☌ ☽ ☿ ✱ ♄ ♀
273 or rain 716 444 ♑8 ☽ with ♄
284 Days dec. 5 24 717 443 21 ♄ sets 6 37
295 and wind. 718 442 ♒3 ♃ rises 9 57
306 St. Andrew. 718 442 15 climb.
November hath XXX Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
First Q. 26 aft. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
Full ● 108 aft. ♏ ♑♌ ♉♎ ♏
Last Q. 177 aft. 19 216 04 15 N.5
New ☽ 248 aft. 614 316 2810 233
1220 317 2617 ♐ 2 S.3
12♎27 Deg 1725 417 2423 105
☊ 2227 22♐ 1 417 220 170
3026 276 517 21♏ 6 24 N.5
D. ☽ sets ☽ sou: T. of his Body is seen round the Moon like a shining Ring. But, if the Moon happens to come between the Earth and Sun, when she is at her least Distance from the Earth, she appears then so large as to cover the whole Face of the Sun, and makes, for some Minutes, a Darkness equal to that of Twilight. When the Earth comes exactly between the Sun and the Moon, she darkens a Part of the Whole of the Moon's Face, and makes an Eclipse of the Moon. The Earth being a Body about thirty or forty Times larger than the Moon, casts a Shadow large enough to eclipse the Moon, if her Diameter were three Times greater than it is, whereas the Shadow of the Moon can never eclipse the whole Face of the Earth together. If the Moon revolved round the Earth in the same Plane as the Earth goes round the Sun, there would be constantly an Eclipse of the Sun every New, and of the Moon every full Moon. But to prevent this Inconvenience, the Author of Nature has ordered Matters so, that the Course of the Moon round the Earth is sometimes above and sometimes below that of the Earth round the Sun, so that their Shadows generally miss one another. These Motions are so exactly regulated, that Astronomers can foretel Eclipses to Minutes at an hundred Years Distance, than which there is not a more remarkable Instance either of human Sagacity, or of the Truth of that Expression of
1 1045 529 821
2 1144 615 922
3 1240 70 1023
4 M.40 744 1024
5 135 827 1125
6 230 910 1226
7 321 953 1228
9 Moon 1125 229
10 rises 1214 330
11 A. M.14 331
12 637 16 4Nov.
13 732 24 5
14 833 31 63
15 939 356 64
16 1048 451 75
17 1158 543 86
18 Morn. 635 97
19 14 726 108
20 26 816 119
21 315 98 1210
22 425 100 111
23 Moon 1055 112
24 sets 1150 213
25 A A.42 314
26 634 134 415
27 731 227 516
28 823 319 617
29 925 44 718
30 1020 449 719
Scripture
DECEMBER. XII Month.
Perfection on Perfection tow'ring high, Glory on Glory rais'd, and Joy on Joy, Each Pow'r improving in the bright'ning Mind, To humble Virtues, lofty Knowledge join'd; Be this my highest Aim, howe'er I soar, Before thy Footstool prostrate to adore, My brightest Crown before thy Feet to lay, My Pride to serve, my Glory to obey.
END
Remark. days, &c. ☉ ris ☉ set ☽ pl. Aspects, &c.
17 Day 9 24 long. 719 441 ♒27 The discontented
2G Advent Sunday. 719 441 ♓9 ♂ sou. 10 32
32 Cold and 720 440 21 Man finds no
43 Days dec. 5 30. 720 440 ♈3 easy Chair.
54 raw, then 721 439 15 Sirius rise 8 41
65 Days 9 18 long. 722 438 27 ☌ ♄ ☿ □ ♃ ♀
76 more pleasant, 722 438 ♉10 ♀ rises 5 0
87 Concep. V. M. 723 437 23 ☌ ☽ ♂ △ ☉ ♃
9G 2d in Advent. 723 437 ♊7 7 *s sou. 10 28
102 724 436 21 Virtue and a
113 Days 9 12 long. 724 436 ♋5 Trade, are
124 frost and 724 436 19 ♃ rise 9 1
135 St. Lucy. 724 436 ♌3 Sirius rise 8 7
146 Days decr. 5 40 725 435 17 ☽ with ♃ a
157 flying clouds, 725 435 ♍2 □ ♃ ♂ Child's
16G 3d in Advent. 725 435 16 7 *s sou. 9 56
172 then more 725 435 ♎0 ♂ sou. 9 14
183 moderate 725 435 14 ♀ rises 5 23
194 Ember Week. 725 435 28 best Portion.
205 and clear, 725 435 ♏12 Gifts much
216 St. Thomas. 725 435 25 ☉ in ♑ Shor. D
227 Days 9 10 long. 725 435 ♐8 ☌ ☽ ♀ ☌ ♄ ☿
23G 4th in Advent. 725 435 21 Sirius rises 7 23
242 but windy, 725 435 ♑4 ☽ with ♄ & ☿
253 CHRIST born. 725 435 17 ☌ ☉ ☿ expected,
264 St. Stephen. 725 435 29 are paid,
275 St. John. 725 435 ♒11 ♃ rise 7 51
286 Innocents. 725 435 23 7 *s sou. 9 0
297 Days 9 10 long. 725 435 ♓5 ☌ ☉ ♄ not
30G cold and cloudy. 724 436 17 △ ♃ ♀ given.
312 Silvester. 724 436 29 Sirius rise 6 48
December hath XXXI Days.
D.H. Planets Places.
First Q. 24 aft. D.☉ ♄♃ ♂♀ ☿☽ sL.
Full ● 108 mor. ♐ ♑♌ ♉♏
Last Q. 175 mor. 211 517 2012 1 N.4
New ☽ 2410 mor. 716 617 1918 7 S.1
1221 617 1825 115
12♎25 Deg 1726 717 17♐ 1 122
☊ 2224 22♑ 1 816 187 8 N.3
3123 276 816 1813 15
D. ☽ sets ☽ sou: T. Scripture, "That the Works of God are all made in Number, Weight and Measure." It is certain, by Observations made with good Telescopes, that, though the Face of the Moon is covered with innumerable Inequalities like the Mountains upon the Earth, there is no great Collection of Waters upon it, like our Oceans; nor is there any Reason, from her Appearance through those Instruments, to suppose she has any such Appendage belonging to her as our Atmosphere of Air. If the Moon is inhabited (as she may for any Thing we know) those who live on one Side or Hemisphere never can see our World, and those who live on the other can never lose Sight of it, except when the Earth comes between them and the Sun, as she keeps always one Side turned towards us. Those who live about the middle Parts of the Hemisphere that looks towards the Earth, must see it always directly over their Heads with much the same Appearances as the Moon makes to us, sometimes horned, sometimes half, and sometimes wholly illuminated, but of a vastly greater Bulk than the Moon appears to us. It seems highly probable, that the Attraction of the Moon acting more strongly upon the Fluid than the solid Parts of our Terraqueous Globe is the Cause of our Tides, as they answer so exactly to her Motions and Distances from us, and other Circumstances. To enter upon that Theory, however, would be beside my present Purpose. [Remainder in our next.]
1 1120 530 820
2 1214 610 921
3 M.14 654 922
4 17 738 1023
5 26 821 1124
6 30 94 1225
7 40 954 1226
8 50 1043 127
9 Moon 1140 228
10 rises 1236 329
11 A. M.36 330
12 717 136 4Dec.
13 820 230 5
14 930 324 63
15 1050 418 74
16 1153 511 85
17 1255 62 96
18 M.55 653 97
19 159 744 108
20 38 836 119
21 412 928 1210
22 510 1020 111
23 Moon 1112 212
24 sets A.4 313
25 A. 1253 314
26 659 142 415
27 758 227 516
28 853 311 617
29 952 355 618
30 1049 439 719
31 1145 521 820
ECLIPSES, 1753.
This Year there will be four Eclipses, two of the Sun, and two of the Moon.
The First Eclipse will be of the Moon, on Tuesday, the 17th Day of April, about Two a Clock in the Afternoon, and therefore it cannot be seen here; but in London the Moon will rise five Digits eclipsed.
The Second will be of the Sun, on Thursday, the 3d of May, about Two a Clock in the Morning, therefore invisible.
The Third Eclipse will be of the Moon, on Friday, the 12th Day of October, in the Morning, when, if the Air be clear, the Moon will be seen eclipsed almost six Digits; it begins at 26 min. after Two, and ends at 56 min. past Four, so that the whole Duration is two Hours and thirty Minutes.
The TYPE.
North.
East. West.
South.
The Fourth is a Solar Eclipse on Friday, the 26th of October, about Five a Clock in the Morning, invisible here.
On Sunday, the 6th Day of May, in the Morning, the Planet Mercury may be seen to make a black Spot
in
in the Sun's Body, according to the following Calculation.
D.h.m.
Middle Time of the true ☌ 1753, May 51543 P. M
Equation of Time, add 4
Apparent Time of the true ☌ 51547
Mean Anomaly of the Sun, 10621
Mean Anomaly of Mercury, 101947
Dist. of the☉ from the ⊖ Log. 5,004518
☿ from the ☉ 4,656557
☿ from the ⊖ 4,745839
Geocentrick Longitude ☉ and ☿ ♉15°53' 0"
Geocentrick Latitude, 319
Anomaly of Commutation, 600
Inclination, or Heliocentrick Lat. of ☿ S.A. 43
Elongation to fix Hours before the true ☌ 2324
Difference of Latitude in fix Hours, 418
Angle of the visible Way, 1025
Nearest Approach of their Centers, 315
Motion from the Middle to the true ☌ 35
Latitude of ☿ at the Middle, 34
Motion of Half the visible Way, 1524
Motion of Half Duration, 159
Diff. of Lat. between the Mid. Begin. & End, 247
Geocentrick Latitude at the Beginning, S. A. 017
Geocentrick Latitude at the End, S. A. 551
Time from the true ☌ to the Middle, 94
Time of Half Duration, 353
The Arch of the ☉'s Perimeter at the Begin. 12
The Arch of the ☉'s Perimeter at the End, 2148
Apparent Semidiameter of the Sun, 1545
Apparent Semidiameter of ☿ 06
Mercury enters the Sun's Disk, May 5,1144P.M.
Middle or nearest Approach of the Centers, 1537
True Conjunction, 1546
Mercury emerges out of the Disk, 1931
Total Duration of this Eclipse, 747
The astronomical Time when Mercury goes off the Sun's Disk, being reduced to common Time, is May the 6th, at 31 min. after Seven in the Morning. The Sun rises at 1 min. past Five, and if you get up betimes, and put on your Spectacles, you will see Mercury rise
in
in the Sun, and will appear like a small black Patch in a Lady's Face.
The Type of this Eclipse at Sun-rising.
North.
East. West.
South.
Dr. Halley puts this Conjunction an Hour forwarder than by this Calculation.
This is to give Notice to all Persons that shall have Occasion of transporting themselves, Goods, Wares, or Merchandize from Philadelphia to New-York, or from the latter to the former, That by Joseph Borden, junior, there is a Stage-boat, well fitted and kept for that Purpose, Nicholas George, Master, and, if Wind and Weather permit, will attend at the Crooked Billet Wharff, in Philadelphia, every Monday and Tuesday in every Week, and proceed up to Borden-Town (not Burlington) on Wednesday, and on Thursday Morning a Stage-waggon, with a choice good Awning, kept by Joseph Richards, will be ready to receive them, and proceed directly to John Cluck's, opposite the City of Perth-Amboy, who keeps a House of good Entertainment; and on Friday a Stage-boat, with a large commodious Cabbin, kept by Daniel Obryant, will be ready to receive them, and proceed directly to New-York, and give her Attendance at the Whitehall Slip, near the Half Moon Battery. If People be ready at the Stage Days and Places, 'tis believed they may pass quicker by Twenty-four Hours than any other Way as our Land Carriage is ten Miles shorter than by Way of Burlington, and our Waggon does not fail to go thro' in a Day. We expect to give better Satisfaction this Year than last, by reason we are more acquainted with the Nature of the Business, and have more convenient Boats, Waggons and Stages, and will endeavour to use People in the best Manner we are capable of; and hope all good People will give it the Encouragement it deserves, and us, as the Promoters of such a publick Good. Joseph Borden, junior, Joseph Richards, and Daniel Obryant.
N. B. Joseph Borden's Shallop, Charles Vandyke, Master, will also be at Philadelphia every Friday and Saturday in every Week; enquire for him at the Queen's Head; he proceeds to Borden-Town (not Burlington) on Sunday, and the Stage-waggon also proceeds to Amboy every Monday in every Week.
Mayor's Courts for the City
Are held quarterly at Annapolis, viz. The last tuesday in January, April, July and October.
How to secure Houses, &c. from Lightning.
It has pleased God in his Goodness to Mankind, at length to discover to them the Means of securing their Habitations and other Buildings from Mischief by Thunder and Lightning. The Method is this: Provide a small Iron Rod (it may be made of the Rod-iron used by the Nailers) but of such a Length, that one End being three or four Feet in the moist Ground, the other may be six or eight Feet above the highest Part of the Building. To the upper End of the Rod fasten about a Foot of Brass Wire, the Size of a common Knitting-needle, sharpened to a fine Point; the Rod may be secured to the House by a few small Staples. If the House or Barn be long, there may be a Rod and Point at each End, and a middling Wire along the Ridge from one to the other. A House thus furnished will not be damaged by Lightning, it being attracted by the Points, and passing thro the Metal into the Ground without hurting any Thing. Vessels also, having a sharp pointed Rod fix'd on the Top of their Masts, with a Wire from the Foot of the Rod reaching down, round one of the Shrouds, to the Water, will not be hurt by Lightning.
Quakers General Meetings are kept,
At Philadelphia, the 3d Sunday in March. At Chester-River, the 2d Sunday in April. At Duck-Creek, the 3d Sunday in April. At Salem, the 4th Sunday in April. At West River on Whitsunday. At Little Egg-Harbour, the 3d Sunday in May. At Flushing, the last Sunday in May, and last in Nov. At Setacket, the 1st Sunday in June. At New-town, (Long-Island) the last Sunday in June. At Newport, the 2d Friday in June. At Westbury, the last Sunday in August, and last in February. At Philadelphia, the 3d Sunday in September. At Nottingham, the last Monday in September. At Cecil, the 1st Saturday in October. At Choptank the 2d Saturday in October. At Little-Creek, the 3d Sunday in October. At Shrewsbury the 4th Sunday in October. At Matinicok the last Sunday in October.
FAIRS are kept,
At Noxonton April 29, and October 21. Cohansie May 5, and October 27. Wilmington May 9, and November 4. Salem May 12, and October 31. Newcastle May 14, and Nov. 14. Chester May 16, and Oct. 16. Bristol May 19, and Nov. 9. Burlington May 21, and Nov. 12. Philadelphia May 27, and November 27. Lancaster June 12, and Nov. 12. Marcus-Hook Oct. 10. Annapolis May 12, and Oct. 10. Charlestown May 3, and Oct. 29.
Supreme Courts in Pennsylvania, are held,
At Philadelphia, the tenth Day of April, and the twenty-fourth Day of September.
Courts of Quarter Sessions, are held,
At Philadelphia, the 1st Monday in March, June, September and December. At Newtown, for Bucks County, on the 11th Day following (inclusive) in every of the Months aforesaid. At Chester, the last Tuesday in May, August, November and February. At Lancaster, the 1st Tuesday in each. At York, the last Tuesday in April, July, October and January. At Cumberland, the Tuesdays preceding York Courts. At Reading, for Berks County, the Tuesd. next after Lancaster Co. At Easton, for Northampton County, the Tuesd. next aft. Bucks Co.
Courts of Common Pleas, are held,
At Philadelphia, the 1st Wednesday after the Quarter-Sessions in March, June, Sept. and Decem. At Newtown, the 9th Day following (inclusive) in every of the Months aforesaid. At Chester, the last Tuesday in May August, Novem. and Febr. At Lancaster, the 1st Tuesd. in the Months aforesaid. At Sussex, the 1st, at Kent, the 2d, and at Newcastle, the 3d Tuesday in the same Months.
Mayor's Courts in Philadelphia, are held,
The first Tuesday in January, April, July, and the last Tuesday in October.
Supreme Courts in New-Jersey, are held,
At Amboy, the 3d tuesday in March, and the 2d tuesday in August. At Burlington, the 2d tuesday in May, and the 1st tuesday in November.
Courts for Trial of Causes brought to issue in the Supreme Court, are held,
For Salem and Cape May Counties the 3d, for Gloucester the 4th tuesday in April. For Hunterdon, the 1st tuesday in May. For Somerset the 2d, For Bergen the 4th tuesday in October. For Essex, the next tuesd. following. For Monmouth, the next tuesday after that.
General Sessions and County Courts, are held,
In Bergen County, the 1st tuesday in January and October, and the 2d tuesday in June. In Essex the 2d tuesday in January and May, the 3d tuesday in June, and 4th in September. In Middlesex the 3d tuesdays in January, April and July, and the 2d tuesday in October. In Somerset, the first tuesdays in January,
April and October, and the 2d tuesdays in June. In Monmouth, the 4th tuesdays in January, April and July, and 3d in October. In Hunterdon, the first tuesdays in February and August, the 3d in May, and 4th in October. In Burlington, the 1st tuesdays in May and November, and the 2d in February and August. In Gloucester, the 2d tuesday in June, 3d in September, and 4th in December and March. In Salem, the 1st tuesday in June, 3d in February and August, and 4th in November. In Cape-May, the 1st tuesday in February and August, the 3d in May, and the 4th tuesday in October. For the Borough-town of Trenton, the 1st tuesday in March, 1st in June, 1st in September, and the 1st in December.
Supreme Courts in New-York, are held,
At New-York, the 3d tuesday in April, last in July, and 3d in October and January. At Richmond, the 2d tuesday in April. At Orange, 1st tuesday in June. At Dutchess, the 2d tuesday in June. At Ulster, the thursday following. At Albany, the 4th tuesday in June. At Queen's County the 1st, at Suffolk the 2d, at King's County the 3d, and at West Chester the 4th tuesday in September.
Courts of Sessions and Common Pleas,
At New-York, the 1st tuesday in May, August, November and February. At Albany the 1st tuesday in June and October, and 3d tuesday in January. At West Chester, the 4th tuesday in May and October. In Ulster, the 1st tuesdays in May, and 3d in Sept. In Richmond, the 3d tuesday in March, and 4th in September. In King's, the 3d tuesday in April and October. In Queen's, the 3d tuesday in May and September. In Suffolk, the last tuesday in March, and first in October. In Orange, the last tuesday in April and October. In Dutchess County, the 3d tuesday in May and October.
Provincial Courts in Maryland,
Two in a Year held at Annapolis, viz. The 2d tuesday in April and September.
County Courts. At Talbot, Baltimore, Worcester, and St. Mary's, the 1st tuesday in March, June, August and November. At Dorchester, Cæcil, Ann-Arundel, and Charles Counties, the 2d tuesday in the same Months; at Kent, Calvert, Frederick, and Somerset, the 3d tuesday in the same Months; at Queen Anne's and Prince George's the 4th tuesday in the same Months.
ROADS Northeastward.
From Philadelphia to Bristol 20, to Trenton 10, to Prince-Town 12, to Kingston 3, to Brunswick 12, to Amboy 12, to the Narrows 18, to Flat-Bush 5, to New-York 5, to Kingsbridge 18, to East-Chester 6, to Newrochell 4, to Rye 4, to Horseneck 7, to Stanford 7, to Norwalk 10, to Fairfield 12, to Stratford 8, to Milford 4, to Newhaven 10, to Branford 10, to Gilford 12, to Killingsworth 10, to Seabrook 10, to New-London 18, to Stonington 15, to Pemberton 10, to Darby 3, to Frenchtown 24, to Providence 20, to Woodcock's 15, to Billend's 10, to White's 7, to Dedham 6, to Boston 10, to Lyn 9, to Salem 8, to Ipswich 14, to Newberry 11, to Hampton 9, to Portsmouth 13, to York 9, to Wells 14, to Kennebunk 6, to Biddeford 14, to Scarborough 7, to Falmouth 13, to Yarmouth 10, to Brunswick 15, to Richmond 16, to Taconick Falls 33, to Norridgewock 31. In all 600 Miles.
ROADS Southwestward.
From Philadelphia to Darby 7, to Chester 9, to Brandewyne 14, to Newcastle 6, to Elk River 17, to N. East 7, to Sasquehanna 9, to Gunpowder Ferry 25, to Petapsco Ferry 20, to Annapolis 30, to Queen Ann's Ferry 13, to Upper Marlborough 9, to Port Tobacco 30, to Hoe's Ferry 10, to Southern's Ferry 30, to Arnold's Ferry 36, to Clayborn's Ferry 22, to Freneaux 12, to Williamsburg 16, to Hog-Island 7, to Isle of Wight Court-House 18, to Nansemond Court-House 20, to Bennet's Creek-Bridge 30, to Edenton 30, over the Sound to Bell's Ferry 8, to Bath-Town, on Pamlico-River 45, to Grave's Ferry, on Neu's River 32, to Whitlock River 20, to New-River Ferry 30, to Newtown, on Cape-Fear River, 45, to Lockwood's Folly 15, to Shallot River 8, to the Eastern End of Long-Bay 22, to the Western End of Long-Bay 25, to George-Town, Wynyaw, 30, to Santee Ferry 12, to Jonah Collins's 18, to Hobcaw Ferry, against Charles Town, 30. In all 767 Miles.
Bibles, Common-Prayers, Testaments, Spelling-books, Psalters, Primmers, Copy-books for Children, and all Sorts of Stationary, to be sold by David Hall, at the New-Printing-Office, in Market-street, Philadelphia.
TO JOSEPH HUEY
Philadelphia, June 6, 1753.
Sir,
I received your kind Letter of the 2d inst., and am glad to hear that you increase in Strength; I hope you will continue mending, 'till you recover your former Health and firmness. Let me know whether you still use the Cold Bath, and what Effect it has.
As to the Kindness you mention, I wish it could have been of more Service to you. But if it had, the only Thanks I should desire is, that you would always be equally ready to serve any other Person that may need your Assistance, and so let good Offices go round, for Mankind are all of a Family.
For my own Part, when I am employed in serving others, I do not look upon myself as conferring Favours, but as paying Debts. In my Travels, and since my Settlement, I have received much Kindness from Men, to whom I shall never have any Opportunity of making the least direct Return. And numberless Mercies from God, who is infinitely above being benefited by our Services. Those Kindnesses from Men, I can therefore only Return on their Fellow Men; and I can only shew my Gratitude for these mercies from God, by a readiness to help his other Children and my Brethren. For I do not think that Thanks and Compliments, tho' repeated weekly, can discharge our real Obligations to each other, and much less those to our Creator. You will see in this my Notion of good Works, that I am far from expecting [(as you suppose) that I shall ever][44] to merit Heaven by them. By Heaven we understand a State of Happiness, infinite in Degree, and eternal in Duration: I can do nothing to deserve such rewards: He that for giving a Draught of Water to a thirsty Person, should expect to be paid with a good Plantation, would be modest in his Demands, compar'd with those who think they deserve Heaven for the little good they do on Earth. Even the mix'd imperfect Pleasures we enjoy in this World, are rather from God's Goodness than our Merit; how much more such Happiness of Heaven. For my own part I have not the Vanity to think I deserve it, the Folly to expect it, nor the Ambition to desire it; but content myself in submitting to the Will and Disposal of that God who made me, who has hitherto preserv'd and bless'd me, and in whose Fatherly Goodness I may well confide, that he will never make me miserable, and that even the Afflictions I may at any time suffer shall tend to my Benefit.
The Faith you mention has doubtless its use in the World. I do not desire to see it diminished, nor would I endeavour to lessen it in any Man. But I wish it were more productive of good Works, than I have generally seen it: I mean real good Works, Works of Kindness, Charity, Mercy, and Publick Spirit; not Holiday-keeping, Sermon-Reading or Hearing; performing Church Ceremonies, or making long Prayers, filled with Flatteries and Compliments, despis'd even by wise Men, and much less capable of pleasing the Deity. The worship of God is a Duty; the hearing and reading of Sermons may be useful; but, if Men rest in Hearing and Praying, as too many do, it is as if a Tree should Value itself on being water'd and putting forth Leaves, tho' it never produc'd any Fruit.
Your great Master tho't much less of these outward Appearances and Professions than many of his modern Disciples. He prefer'd the Doers of the Word, to the meer Hearers; the Son that seemingly refus'd to obey his Father, and yet perform'd his Commands; to him that profess'd his Readiness, but neglected the Work; the heretical but charitable Samaritan, to the uncharitable tho' orthodox Priest and sanctified Levite; & those who gave Food to the hungry, Drink to the Thirsty, Raiment to the Naked, Entertainment to the Stranger, and Relief to the Sick, tho' they never heard of his Name, he declares shall in the last Day be accepted, when those who cry Lord! Lord! who value themselves on their Faith, tho' great enough to perform Miracles, but have neglected good Works, shall be rejected. He profess'd, that he came not to call the Righteous but Sinners to repentance; which imply'd his modest Opinion, that there were some in his Time so good, that they need not hear even him for Improvement; but now-a-days we have scarce a little Parson, that does not think it the Duty of every Man within his Reach to sit under his petty Ministrations; and that whoever omits them [offends God. I wish to such more humility, and to you health and happiness, being your friend and servant,]
B. Franklin.
THREE LETTERS TO GOVERNOR SHIRLEY[45]
Letter I
Concerning the Voice of the People in Choosing the Rulers by Whom Taxes are Imposed
Tuesday Morning [December 17, 1754].
Sir,
I return you the loose sheets of the plan, with thanks to your Excellency for communicating them.
I apprehend, that excluding the people of the colonies from all share in the choice of the grand council will give extreme dissatisfaction, as well as the taxing them by act of Parliament, where they have no representative. It is very possible, that this general government might be as well and faithfully administered without the people, as with them; but where heavy burthens have been laid on them, it has been found useful to make it, as much as possible, their own act; for they bear better when they have, or think they have some share in the direction; and when any public measures are generally grievous, or even distasteful to the people, the wheels of government move more heavily.
Letter II
On the Imposition of Direct Taxes upon the Colonies without Their Consent
Wednesday Morning [December 18, 1754].
Sir,
I mentioned it yesterday to your Excellency as my opinion, that excluding the people of the colonies from all share in the choice of the grand council, would probably give extreme dissatisfaction, as well as the taxing them by act of Parliament, where they have no representative. In matters of general concern to the people, and especially where burthens are to be laid upon them, it is of use to consider, as well what they will be apt to think and say, as what they ought to think; I shall therefore, as your Excellency requires it of me, briefly mention what of either kind occurs to me on this occasion.
First they will say, and perhaps with justice, that the body of the people in the colonies are as loyal, and as firmly attached to the present constitution, and reigning family, as any subjects in the king's dominions.
That there is no reason to doubt the readiness and willingness of the representatives they may choose, to grant from time to time such supplies for the defence of the country, as shall be judged necessary, so far as their abilities will allow.
That the people in the colonies, who are to feel the immediate mischiefs of invasion and conquest by an enemy in the loss of their estates, lives and liberties, are likely to be better judges of the quantity of forces necessary to be raised and maintained, forts to be built and supported, and of their own abilities to bear the expence, than the parliament of England at so great a distance.
That governors often come to the colonies merely to make fortunes, with which they intend to return to Britain; are not always men of the best abilities or integrity; have many of them no estates here, nor any natural connexions with us, that should make them heartily concerned for our welfare; and might possibly be fond of raising and keeping up more forces than necessary, from the profits accruing to themselves, and to make provision for their friends and dependants.