INDEX
Reading edition
A
Aberration of light, discovered, 18; a proof of the earth’s revolution, 57; of meteor-radiants, 396
Aboul Wefa, the moon’s variation, 5
Acceleration, 152
Achromatic lens, 177
Adams, 449; discovery of Neptune, 32, 349; orbit of November meteors, 393
Aerolites. See Meteorites
Airy, reduction of Greenwich observations, 19; search for Neptune, 32
Albategnius, movement of the sun’s apogee, 5
Albedo of Mercury, 274; of Venus, 278; of the earth, 289; of the moon, 290; of Mars, 298, 334; of asteroids, 312; of Jupiter, 320; of Jupiter’s satellites, 330, 332; of Saturn, 334; of rings, 338; of Titan, 342; of Uranus, 345; of Neptune, 349
Alcor, 402
Alcyone, 499–502
Aldebaran, 403, 404, 407, 415, 421, 423, 427
Algol, 407, 415, 453, 457, 469–474
Almagest, 4, 6
Al-Mamûm’s school of astronomy at Baghdad, 5
Alphard, 409, 415
Alphonsine tables, 6
Al-Sûfi, description of the stars, 5; Alphard, red, 415; Algol, red, 472
Altair, 404, 427
Altazimuth, 184, 202
Altitude, 65
Amplitude, 66
Anderson, Dr., discovery of new star, 489
Andromeda nebula, 409, 529–532
Andromedæ, Gamma, 412, 417
— Nova, 489, 491
Andromede meteor-showers, 393, 394
Angelot, lunar volcanic action, 293
Annular eclipse, 113
— nebulæ, 526, 527
Antares, 404, 415
Anthelmus, new star, 484
Antlia, 468
Aphelion, 75
Apogee, 89
Apse Line, 75
Aquilæ, Eta, 467
Arago, nature of meteorites, 392; parallax of 61 Cygni, 422
Arc of meridian, 130
Arcturus, 403, 405, 406, 415, 423, 427
Argelander, solar translation, 28; survey of the heavens, 38; comet of 1811, 357; estimate of stars of ninth magnitude, 541
Argo Nebula, 522, 523, 549
— Eta, 462–464
Argon, not a solar element, 250; peculiar qualities, 255; found in meteorites, 389
Aries, first point of, 67
Aristarchus, heliocentric system, 4
Aristotle, description of a comet, 358
Asteroids, position in solar system, 229, 230, 310; discoveries, 311, 314; diameters, 312, 315; computation of orbits, 314; numbers and joint mass, 315; 565distribution, 316; groups, 317; origin, 318
Asterope, 498, 499
Astronomy, Greek, 3, 4; Arab, 4–6; Tartar, 5; of the Invisible, 31; gravitational, 11, 33; spectroscopic, 33–36; photographic, 36–38
Astrophysics, foundation of, 36
Atmosphere, of the sun, 240, 271; of Mercury, 277; of Venus, 278, 279; of the earth, 286, 313; of the moon, 294, 313; of Mars, 299, 307; of Vesta, 312–313; presence dependant upon mass, 313; of Jupiter, 326; of Uranus, 345
Atmospheric refraction, 52
Augmentation of moon’s diameter, 144
Aurigæ Beta, 404, 454, 456, 457
— New Star, 489
Auroræ, magnetic relations, 17, 288
Auwers’ reduction of Bradley’s observations, 19; proper motion of Sirius, 437
Azimuth, 65
B
Babinet, rarity of cometary matter, 366
Baden-Powell, Sir George, eclipse-expedition, 259; coronal photographs, 271
Bailey, Prof., 441, 464, 511, 513, 539
Ball, Sir Robert, 422, 433
Barnard, Prof., photograph of corona of January 1, 1889, 268–9; effect of totality, 270; zodiacal counterglow, 272; photograph of eclipsed moon, 296; drawing of Mars, 302; seas of Mars, 306; measurements of asteroids, 312; markings on Jupiter’s satellites, 330; discovery of fifth satellite, 331; measures of Saturn, 335; of ring-system, 330; disappearance of rings, 337; eclipse of Japetus, 338; compression of Uranus, 343, 344; Encke’s comet, 366; comet-photographs, 378–381; Swift’s comet, 383; Nova in Auriga, 494; Alcyone, 500; curved nebulosity stretching over constellation of Orion, 520; annular nebulæ, 526; stars in streams, 551; vacancies in the Milky Way, 554
Base line, 131
Baxendell, 484
Bayer, 404, 529
Behrmann, 400, 433, 541
Bellatrix, 408
Bélopolsky, spectrographic determination of Jupiter’s rotation, 325; absolute velocity of 61 Cygni, 427; spectroscopic examination of Castor, 451; observation of Delta Cephei, 456; Beta Lyræ, 466–467
Berberich, variability of Encke’s comet, 360
Berson, aeronautic ascent, 286
Bessel, Fundamenta Astronomiæ, 19; astronomy of the invisible, 31, 32; measurement of the Pleiades, 37; Halley’s comet, 355; comet of 1807, 362; Epsilon Lyræ, 411
Betelgeuse, 404, 408, 415, 427
Bianchi, 459
Bianchini, rotation of Venus, 280
Biela, discovery of a comet, 365
Bigelow, theory of Zodiacal Light, 272
Binary stars, 431
Biot, meteoric fall, 387
Bird, quadrants, 19, 20
“Bird, Red,” 415
Birmingham, 417, 485, 486
“Blaze Star,” 485, 487
Bliss, astronomer-royal, 19
Bode’s law, 145, 232, 311, 317, 349
Boeddicker, Dr., heat-phases of eclipsed moon, 295
Bolometer, 226, 239
Bompas, 430
Bond, W. C., discoveries of Hyperion and of Saturn’s dusky ring, 25, 336, 341; celestial photography, 36, 37; the great nebula, 530
Bradley, discoveries of aberration and nutation, 18, 20; reduction of his observations, 19; Saturn’s rings, 337; the distance of stars, 419–420; Gamma Virginis, 445–446
Brahé, Tycho, the moon’s variation, 5; career, 8; scheme of the celestial movements, 9
Bredichin, theory of comets’ tails, 369, 370. (See also Tycho.)
Brenner, ashen light of Venus, 279; rotation of Venus, 280
Brightest stars, 403, 404, 546
Brinkley, 422
British catalogue, 15, 16
Brooks’ cometary discoveries, 365, 371, 380
566Bunsen, foundation of spectrum analysis, 33
Burnham, 433, 437, 441, 448, 509
C
Calcium, represented in Fraunhofer spectrum, 230; in chromospheric and prominence-spectra, 258, 261, 262
Calendar, 86
Callandreau, capture of comets, 372
Campbell, Prof., spectrum of Mars, 306; mountains on, 307
Canals of Mars, 301–305
Cancri, S., 474
— Zeta, 439, 440
Canis Majoris, R, 473
Canopus, 403
Capella, 403, 406, 415, 427
Capricornus, 411
Capture-theory of comets, 372
Carbon in sun, 242, 250; in comets, 368; in meteorites, 389
Cardinal points, 51
Carrington, sun-spot zones, 247; sun’s rotation, 248, 249
Casey, 433
Cassegrain telescope, 180
Cassini, rotation of Venus, 280; red spot on Jupiter, 323; division of Saturn’s rings, 336; discoveries of Saturnian satellites, 341
Cassiopeia, Chair of, 405, 481, 549
Cassiopeiæ, Eta, 413, 450
Castor, 404, 406, 413, 450, 451
Catalogues of stars, 70
Celoria, 433, 442, 540
Centauri, Alpha, 410, 413, 422, 440, 441
— Omega, 512, 513, 516, 539
— R, 478
Cephii Delta, 417, 456, 466
— U, 474
Ceraski, luminous night-clouds, 286; discovery of U Cephei, 474
Ceres, discovery, 311; diameter, 312
Cerulli, rotation of Venus, 280
Ceti, Mira, 458
Challis, search for Neptune, 32
Chandler, 462, 472, 476
Charlois, asteroidal discoveries, 314
Chemistry, universal, 35, 36; solar, 250, 255; of prominences, 256; of chromosphere, 258; of comets, 368, 370, 384; of meteorites, 389
Chromosphere, 253, 258
Chronograph, 175
Chronometer, 175
Circle, meridian, 198; transit, 198; position, 208
Circumpolar stars, 46
Clairaut, verification of Newton’s law, 11; calculation of Halley’s comet, 16
Clark, Alvan, great refractors, 26
— — G., detection of the companion of Sirius, 26, 437
Clarke, dimensions of earth, 134
Clausen, groups of comets, 361
Clerke, Agnes, appearance of R Sculptoris, 416; examination of Pickering’s catalogue of stars, 541; estimate of total light of stars to magnitude 9½, 543
Clock, astronomical, 174; driving, 186; sidereal, 68
Clock stars, 82
Clusters, globular, 507–517; irregular, 497–507
“Coal sacks” in Milky Way, 554
Coelostat, 194
Collimation of transit instrument, 200
Collimator of spectroscope, 215
Colours of double stars, 417
Comæ Berenices, 434, 502, 549
Comet, Aristotle’s, 352, 353; of 1743, 354; Newton’s, 355; of 1843, 358, 359; Tebbutt’s, 362, 368; Donati’s, 362, 369; Lexell’s, 365, 370, 371; Brooks’, of 1889, 365; of 1893, 380; Winnecke’s, 368, 371, 372; Brorsen’s, 370; Tuttle’s, 372, 393; Wolf’s, 377; Rordame’s, 383; Gale’s, 383; Leonid, 393, 395
— Halley’s, return in 1759, 16, 17; status in solar system, 230, 232; return in 1835, 335, 336; type of tail, 369; a client of Neptune, 371, 372
— Encke’s, disturbed by Mercury, 273; rarefaction, 366; acceleration, 307; exempt from Jupiter’s influence, 371
— of 1811, structure, 356, 357; type of tail, 369; bulk, 383
— of 1843, surprising appearance, 358; conditions of movement, 359
— of 1882, photographs, 38, 361; transit, 359, 361; period, 300; spectrum, 369
567Comet, Biela’s, discovery, 365; duplication, 366; related meteor-swarm, 393, 394
— Wells, spectrum, 368
— photographically detected, 377
Comets, orbits of, 108; periodic, 109; domiciled in solar system, 230, 371, 372; granular nuclei, 353, 379, 384; tenuity, 354, 384; classification by Olbers, 358, 383; groups, 359, 361, 362; disruption, 360, 366, 379; photographs, 361, 377, 380; chemistry, 368, 370, 385; luminous by electricity, 309, 384; lost, 370; short-period, 370, 371; capture by planets, 371, 372, 384; share sun’s translation, 372; meteoric relationships, 384, 393, 394
— tails, multiple, 354, 355, 361, 377; electrical theory, 357, 369, 383; passage of the earth through, 302, 365; three types, 369; structure shown in photographs, 377, 383
Common, Dr., 25, 510, 520, 532, 534
Conjunctions, 99, 103
Constant of aberration, 59
Constellations, 45
Contacts in eclipse, 114
Copeland, Dr., cometary spectra, 368; Nova in Auriga, 490; helium, 519
Copernicus, residence in Italy, 7; theory of planetary revolutions, 8, 9, 418
Cornelius, Gamma, 479
Corona Borealis, Eta, 437
— — Gamma, 442
— solar, 253; compound nature of light, 202; daylight photography, 267; periodicity of type, 208, 270, 272; photographs, 268–271; rarefaction, 271, 361; connexion with Zodiacal Light, 272, 273
Coronium, 238, 262
Co-tidal lines, 165
Coudé telescope, 27, 296
Crateris, R, 478
Craters, lunar, 292, 307
Crema meteorite, 386
Cross, Southern, 410, 416, 549
Crosswires, 195, 199, 206
Crucis, Kappa, 506
Cygni Beta, 417
— Chi, 460
— (34), 482
— (61), 422, 427
— Rho, new star near, 486
— Y, 474
Cygnus, 407
D
D’Alembert, verification of Newton’s Law, 11
D’Arrest, asteroidal orbits, 316; comet, 371, 372
Darwin, G. H., tidal friction, 236; origin of the moon, 236, 237; density of Saturn, 333
Day and night, 52
— apparent solar, 79; mean solar, 79
Declination, 66
De la Rue, celestial photography, 36, 295
Delphini, Beta, 435
— Gamma, 412
Deneb, 407
Denning, rotation of Saturn, 334; discovery of a comet, 370; August meteors, 391; meteor-radiants, 395, 396
Density of earth, 160
Deslandres, prominence-photography, 261; photographs of the sun as a bright-line star, 262; daylight coronal photography, 267; eclipse of 1893, 270; rotation of Jupiter, 325
Dewar, atmospheric resistance to meteorites, 388
Dhurmsala meteorite, 389
Diameters, determination of, 141
Diamonds in meteorites, 390
Diffraction grating, 216
Direct movement, 89
— vision spectroscope, 216
Distance of the stars, 417
Doberck, Dr., 441, 442, 447, 450, 451
Dollond, invention of achromatic lenses, 21
Donati, discovery of a comet, 362; cometary spectrum, 368
Double-slit method of photography, 261
Draconis, Gamma, 419, 420
Draper, Henry, photograph of the moon, 36
Dubjago, 435
Dunér, spectroscopic measurement of the sun’s rotation, 249; R Hydræ, 462; Y Cygni, 474; 568Z Herculis, 475
E
Earth, shape of, 41, 134; size of, 42, 134; rotation of, 47, 48, 283, 284; revolution of, 57; orbit of, 59, 72; varying speed of, 75; real path of, 77; shadow of, 110; mass of, 159; internal heat, 284, 285; age, 285; atmosphere, 286, 289; magnetic relations, 287, 288
Easton, 532, 548
Eccentricity of ellipse, 74
Eclipse, solar, of 1842, 253; of 1860, 254; of 1868, 254; of 1870, 258; of 1896, 259, 271; of 1882, 260, 268; of 1878, 268; of 1889, 268, 270; of 1893, 270
Eclipses, lunar, 111; partial, 111, 114; annular, 113; magnitude of, 113; total of sun, 113; duration of solar, 115; number of in a year, 118; recurrence of, 119; of satellites, 121; varieties of lunar, 295; of Jupiter’s satellites, 329; of Saturn’s, 342
Ecliptic, 56
— obliquity of, 61
Electrical theory of photospheric radiance, 242; of corona, 271, 272; of comets’ tails, 357, 358, 383; of cometary luminosity, 369, 384
Electra, 498, 499
Elements of an orbit, 106
Elevating floor, 193
Elger, lunar maria, 290
Elkin, Dr., transit of great comet, 359; meteorograph, 396; measurements, 421–423, 425, 433, 438
Ellipse, properties of, 73; eccentricity of, 74; foci of, 74; to draw an, 74
Elliptical nebulæ, 529–533
Elongations, 99
Encke, discovery of a comet, 366; resisting medium, 367
Enoch, Book of, 404
Equation of time, 79
Equator, terrestrial, 50; celestial, 66
Equatorial coudé, 193
Equatorial telescope, 185
Equinoxes, 55; precession of, 69, 167, 170
Equulei, Delta, 433
Eridani, (40), 444
Espin, 460, 482, 494
Establishment of a port, 165
Ether of space, 546
Euler, lunar theory, 11
Evening star, 100
Evolution, of solar system, 235, 310; of terrestrial, 236, 237, 283
Eye-pieces, 182
F
Fabricius, 458, 483
Fabry, cometary orbits, 372
Faculæ, associated with sun-spots, 244; rotation, 249; photographed, 262
Faye, planetary origin, 235, 350; water on Mars, 299
Fényi, solar eruptions, 259, 260
Finder of telescope, 187
First Point of Aries, 67
Fixed stars, 45, 423
Flammarion, rotation of Venus, 280; canals of Mars, 304; condition of Mars, 309
Flamsteed, first astronomer-royal, 15; stellar parallax, 18; Flamsteed’s star, 461
Fleming, Mrs., 460, 465, 489, 494–496
Fletcher, 447
Fomalhaut, 404
Fontana, pseudo-satellite of Venus, 282
Forbes, ultra-Neptunian planets, 231
Foucault’s pendulum, 48–50
Fraunhofer, improvement of telescopes, 21; solar spectrum mapped by, 34
Fraunhofer lines, 34, 249, 259, 271; interpreted, 35, 250; reflected in spectrum of Uranus, 346; in spectra of comets, 368
Fritsche, 433
Frost, spectrograph of Uranus, 346
Froley, 434
G
Galaxy. See Milky Way
Galileo, telescopic observations, 9; double-star method of parallaxes, 28, 418
Gaseous nebula, 517
Gemini, star cluster in, 504
Geminorum, Zeta, 468
Gemma, Cornelius, 479
Gemmill, 554
569Geocentric positions, 70
Geodesy, 129
Gill, Dr., photographs of comet of 1882, 38, 361; parallax of Sirius, 421; parallax and velocity, Lacaille, 424; Omega Centauri, 513
Glasenapp, 433–434
Gledhill, red spot on Jupiter, 323
Globular clusters, 507
Gnomon, 125
Goodricke, 465, 466, 470
Gould, Dr., photographic measurement of the Pleiades, 37; planetary photography, 327; Pi Gruis and R Sculptoris, 416; Kappa Crucis, 506; stars in Southern Hemisphere, 541; belt of stars intersecting the Milky Way, 551
Graduated circles, 171
Grating spectroscope, 216
Gravity, surface, on Mercury, 274; on Venus, 278; on the moon, 293; on Mars, 298; on Saturn, 335; on Uranus, 345; on Neptune, 349
Gravitation, laws of, 153; universal, 156
Greenwich observations, 15, 19, 20
Groombridge, 424
Grosch, corona of 1867, 268
Grubb, Sir Howard, great refractors, 26
— Thomas, Melbourne reflecting telescope, 24
Guinand, optical glass, 21
Gully, Ludovic, 488
Gylden, 423
Gyroscope, 50
H
Hadley, improvement of reflecting telescopes, 21
Hale, spectrographs of prominences, 261; calcium light pictures of sun and surroundings, 262; double-slit method of coronal photography, 267
Hall, Prof. Asaph, discovery of the moons of Mars, 26, 309; rotation of Saturn, 334
— Chester More, invention of achromatic lenses, 20
— Maxwell, 472
Halley, law of gravitation, 10; acceleration of the moon, 12; astronomer-royal, 16; comet calculated by, 16; transits of Venus, 17; discovery of proper motion in stars, 423; discovery of the star cluster in Hercules, 507
Harding, 548
Hartwig, 488
Harvest moon, 95
Heavens, diurnal motion of, 45
Heis, 400, 401, 541
Heliocentric positions, 70
Heliometer, 209
Helium, a chromospheric element, 255, 258; extracted from clevite, 255
Helmholtz, maintenance of sun’s heat, 234; past duration of sunlight, 285
Hencke, asteroidal discoveries, 314
Henderson, 422, 447
Henry’s belts of Uranus, 343
Hepidannus, 479
Herculis, Alpha, 413, 416
— Zeta, 435
— Z, 475
Herschel, Sir John, mathematical analysis at Cambridge, 15; observations of nebulæ, 23, 31; Magellanic clouds, 30, 31; survey of the heavens, 31; photography of sun-spots, 36; telescope, 180; great spot-group in 1837, 244; cyclonic theory of sun-spots, 252; Halley’s comet, 355; comet of 1843, 358; Biela’s comet, 365; red stars, 416; orbit of Gamma Virginis, 446; Kappa Crucis, 506; 2 Messier, 511–512; 22 Messier, 514; nebula round Eta Argus, 522–523; 30 Doradus, 524; the trifid nebula, Sagittarius, 525; planetary nebula, 528–529; the Nubecula Major, 534–536; Milky Way, crossed by zone of large stars, 552; observations in the Southern Hemisphere, 554
— Sir William, the sun’s translation, 19, 28; reflecting telescopes, 21–23; discovery of Uranus, 21, 22; of binary stars, 28; comprehensive designs, 27, 29; nebular theory, 30, 35; rotation of Jupiter’s satellites, 331; variability of Japetus, 341; discovery of Uranian moons, 347; binary stars, 419, 431; motion real and apparent, 428; Zeta Herculis, 435; Xi Ursæ Majoris, 440; 70 Ophiuchi, 441; 5 Messier, 510
Hevelius, 459, 462, 484
570Hind, 433, 474, 482, 484
Hipparchus, construction of a star catalogue, 3; mathematical standpoint, 4
Holden, Prof., solar rotation, 249; names of asteroids, 315; helical nebulæ, 528
Holmes, discovery of a comet, 379
Holwarda, Phocylides, 458
Hooke, law of gravitation, 10; observations of Greek letter Draconis, 18; Gamma Arietis, 412; parallax of Gamma Draconis, 419–420
Horizon, visible, 41; sensible, 44; celestial, 44; rational, 44
Horrebow, satellite of Venus, 282
Hour circle, 186
Howlett, depression of sun-spot umbræ, 251
Huggins, Dr., stellar and nebular spectra, 35; photographed, 37; observations of prominences, 255; daylight coronal photography, 267; prismatic occultation of a star, 294; spectrum of Mars, 306; of Jupiter, 326; of Uranus, 345; of Winnecke’s comet, 368; spectrograph of Tebbutt’s comet, 368; measurement of motion in the line of sight, 426; spectroscopic examination of new star, 493; spectroscopic examination of the “fish-mouth” nebula, 518; discovery of gaseous spectrum, 528
Humboldt, meteoric shower of 1799, 392; temporary star of 1572, 479–481
Hussey, cometary forms, 380; photograph of Rordame’s comet, 383
Huygens, 417, 517
Hyades, 407, 549
Hydræ, R, 462
Hydrogen, ultra-violet spectrum in stars, 37; a gaseous metal, 250; a constituent of prominences and chromosphere, 255, 258; velocity of molecules, 313; free in atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune, 346, 349; assumed constituent of comets’ tails, 369, 370
Hypothesis of external galaxies, 546
I
Infinity of Space, 546
J
Jacob, 433, 447
Jacoby, measures of photographs, 37
Janssen, photograph of the sun, 243; spectroscopic method of prominence-observation, 254; double-slit method, 261
Japetus, remarkable eclipse, 338; variability, 341; plane of orbit, 342
Jesse, luminous night-clouds, 286
Job, Book of, 404
Johnson, 450
Juno, discovery, 311; diameter and albedo, 312, 316; a twin of Clotho, 317
Jupiter, long inequality, 12, 17; disturbance of Halley’s comet, 16; influence upon asteroidal distribution, 316–318; mass and figure, 318; rotation, 318, 325, 326; density, 319, 326; reflective power, 320; belts and streamers, 321, 322, 326; spots, 323, 325; photographs, 327; disturbance of comets, 371
Jupiter’s satellites, Galilean quartette, 9, 327, 328; transits, 329; constitution, 330; fifth satellite, 331, 332
K
Kapteyn, 422, 556, 561–563
Keeler, drawings of Jupiter, 321; description of markings, 322; spectroscopic test of the meteoric constitution of Saturn’s rings, 339; measuring velocities of nebula in line of sight, 428; spectra of the Orion nebula, 519–520
Kelvin, Lord, subterranean temperature, 285
Kepler’s Laws, 10, 155, 339, 417
Kirch, 460, 470, 510
Kirchhoff, spectrum analysis, 33; Fraunhofer’s lines, 34
Kirkwood, distribution of asteroids, 316, 317; divisions in Saturn’s rings, 338
Kleiber, number of shooting stars, 390
Koch, 461
571Kreutz, relations of great southern comets, 360
Krüger, 442
L
Lacaille, southern nebulæ, 30
Lagrange, verified principle of gravitation, 11; stability of solar system, 13
Lajoye, 488
Lamp, fate of Brorsen’s comet, 370
Lane’s law, 242
Langley, solar radiation, 238, 239; spectroscopic effects of sun’s rotation, 249; temperature of the moon, 294; fireball, 386
Laplace, verified Newton’s law, 11; lunar acceleration, 12; Mécanique Céleste, 13, 14; nebular hypothesis, 235
Lassell, large reflectors, 24; discoveries of Hyperion, Ariel, and Umbriel, 24, 341, 347; Saturn’s dark ring, 336
Latitude, terrestrial, 50, 125; celestial, 68; of sun, 77; geocentric, 135; geographical, 135; astronomical, 136; variation of, 136
Leland, Miss, 511
Leonid meteors, 391–395
Leonis, Gamma, 413
— R, 461
Lepaute, Madame, computation of Halley’s comet, 16
Leverrier, discovery of Neptune, 32; intra-Mercurian planet, 232; mass of asteroids, 315; orbit of November meteors, 395
Lewis, 426
Libræ, Delta, 473
Librations, of Mercury, 277; of Venus, 281; of the moon, 93, 289
Lick observatory, 25, 26
Light-equation, 329
“Light journey,” 420
Limited number of visible stars, 538, 545
Limiting apertures, 212
Lippershey, inventor of the telescope, 9
Lockyer, spectroscopic observations at the sun’s limb, 254; classification of prominences, 250; solar tornadoes, 259
Loewy, Coudé telescope, 27; lunar photography, 296
Longitude, terrestrial, 50, 125; celestial, 68
Lowell, rotation of Mercury, 277; observations of Venus, 279, 281; lakes of Mars, 301, 302; relation to canals, 302–304
Luminous night-clouds, 286
Lunar distances, 129
— ecliptic limit, 112
Lyncis (12), 450
Lyra, annular nebula in, 526
Lyræ, Beta, 465
Lyraid meteors, 393, 395
M
Maclear, 464
Mädler, search for Martian moons, 309; compression of Uranus, 343
Madrid meteorite, 385
Magellanic clouds, 30, 534–537
Magnetism, terrestrial, 287, 288
Magnitude, of eclipses, 113; of stars, 212
Magnitudes, star, 403, 404
Mann, 433
Maps, 133
Maraldi, 462, 470, 511
Marchand, observations of the Zodiacal Light, 273
Markwick, Col., 547
Mars, phases of, 104; parallax of, 147; a superior planet, 297; seasons, 298, 301, 302; snow-caps, 299, 303, 306; land and water, 299–301, 305, 306; continents, 300, 301; canals, 301, 304; duplication, 301, 305; spectrum, 306; atmosphere, 307, 313; mountains, 307; climate, 308; moons, 309, 310
Marth, Neptune’s satellite, 350
Mascari, rotation of Venus, 280
Maskelyne, astronomer-royal, 19; founded Nautical Almanac, 20; star-motions, 28
Mass, defined, 151; sun, 156; planets, 157; moon, 158; of asteroids, 158; earth, 159; satellites, 159
Maunder, 460, 488, 493
Maxwell, Clerk, constitution of Saturn’s rings, 337, 340
Mayer, Tobias, lunar tables, 11; star-motions, 28
572Mazapil meteorite, 396
Measurement, of earth, 42, 129; of sun’s distance, 146; of binary stars, 208; of planets, 208
Mécanique Céleste, character, 13, 14
Megrez, 402
Mercury, Copernican theory of movements, 8; transit of, 101; phases of, 101; orbit, 273, 274; atmosphere, 274, 275; rotation, 275–277; as an abode of life, 277; capture of Encke’s comet, 372
Meridian, 50; line, 51; arc of, 130; circle, 198; photometer, 214
Merope, 498, 499
Messier (3), 509
— (5), 510
— (11), 506
— (22), 514
— (37), 505
— (51), 533
— (57), 526
— (80), new star in, 485
— (92), 509
— (99), 534
— discoveries of nebulæ, 30
Metonic cycle, 92
Meteoric systems, 231, 390, 391; radiants, 392, 395, 396
Meteorites, falls, 385–387; legal status, 387; velocities, 387, 388, 390; thumb-marks, 388; chemical composition, 389; enclosed diamonds, 390
Meteors, Perseid, 391, 393; Leonid, 391–393; Andromede, 393–394, 396; relations to comets, 393, 395
Micrometer, wire, or pillar, 205; evolution of, 207
Michell, prevision of binary stars, 28
Midnight sun, 63
Milky Way, 402, 430, 555, 557
— — star streams, 9; disc theory, 29
Minimum deviation, 215
Mira Ceti, 458, 459
Mitchell, 421, 431
Mizar, 402, 411, 455, 457
Molyneux, 419, 420
Montanari, 471
Month, 91
Moon, acceleration, 12; contumax sidus, 16; observations, 19; apparent motion of, 87; orbit of, 88, 94; phases of, 89; sidereal period of, 89; synodic period of, 91; rotation of, 92; librations of, 93; harvest, 95; high and low, 97; shadow of, 115; distance of, 143; size of, 144; mass of, 158; possible disintegration, 233; origin, 236, 237; rotation, 289; cones and craters, 290, 292, 293; rays and rills, 293; absence of air and water, 294, 313; temperature, 294, 295; eclipses, 295; photography, 295–297
Morning star, 100
Müller, surface of Mercury, 275; photometry of asteroids, 312; albedo of Jupiter, 320; of Saturn, 334; of Neptune, 349
Muscæ, R, 468
N
Nadir, 45
Nasir Eddin, planetary tables, 5
Nasmyth, conjunction of Mercury and Venus, 278
Nearest fixed stars, 417
Nebula, Orion, 23, 25, 30
Nebulæ, structure, 23; spiral, 24; photographs, 23, 25; first discoveries, 29, 30; status, 30, 31; gaseous nature, 30, 35; annular, 526, 527; elliptical, 529, 533; gaseous, 517–524; planetary, 527–529; spiral, 533, 534
Nebular hypothesis, 30, 35, 235, 530
Nebulous stars, 529
Neptune, discovery, 32, 229; distance from the sun, 232; dimensions, 349; compression, 351; retrograde rotation, 351; planets as viewed from, 351, 352; family of comets, 371, 372
Neptune’s satellite, discovery, 24; plane of revolution, 350; precessional disturbance, 351
Newall, 25-inch refractor, 26
Newcomb, Prof., past duration of sunlight, 285; light changes of Ariel, 347; satellite of Neptune, 351; the runaway star, 424; proper motion of Alcyone, 501
New stars, 477–497
Newton, H. A., capture of comets, 372; meteoric cult, 387; daily number of shooting stars, 390
— Sir Isaac, law of gravitation, 10, 11; invention of reflecting telescope, 21; comet of 1680, 355; decay of comets, 366
Newtonian telescope, 179
573Nichol, Dr., 508
Niesten, rotation of Venus, 280; mass of asteroids, 315
Nodes, 94
North polar distance, 66
Nova Andromedæ, 488
— Aurigæ, 489
— Cassiopeiæ, 479
— Cygni, 486
— Ophiuchi, 484
— Serpentarii, 483
— Vulpeculæ, 484
Nubecula Major, 534
— Minor, 535
Number of visible stars, 538–544
Nutation, 169
O
Oases of Mars, 302–305
Object-glass, achromatic, 177; photographic, 195; photo-telescope, 196
Objective prism, 223
Obliquity of ecliptic, 61
Observatories, 191
— Lick, 189, 190, 202
— Nice, 192
— Yerkes, 189
Occultations, 121
— of stars, by the moon, 294; by comets, 366
Olbers, discovery of Pallas and Vesta, 311; origin of asteroids, 311, 316; electrical theory of comets, 357; classification, 358, 383; comet discovered by, 371
Ophiuchi, Nova, 483–485
— (70), 441
— U, 473, 476
Opposition, 103, 105
Orbit, of earth, 72, 76; of moon, 88; elements of a planetary orbit, 106; of binary stars, 432
Orion, 406, 408, 417
— great nebula in, 517–521
Orionis, Alpha (Betelgeuse), 404, 408, 415, 427
— Iota, 414
— Sigma, 414
— Theta, 414
“Owl,” nebula, 528
P
P (34) Cygni, 482
Palisa, discoveries of asteroids, 314
Palitzsch, 470
Pallas, discovery, 311; diameter, 312
Parallax of stars, 419, 420
— diurnal, 140; equatorial horizontal, 140; horizontal, 140; of sun, 146; of Mars, 147
Parmentier, distribution of asteroids, 316
Pegasus, Square of, 409
Pegasi, Kappa, 433
— (85), 434
— U, 469
Pendulum observations, 135; compensated, 174
Penumbra, of earth’s shadow, 111
Percentage of stars in Milky Way, 547, 548
Perigee, 89
Perihelion, 75
Perrotin, rotation of Venus, 280; of Uranus, 343; markings on Uranus, 344
Persei, Beta (Algol). See Algol
Perseid meteors, 391; associated with Tuttle’s comet, 393
Perseus, 407
— star clusters in, 503
Perturbations, 158
Peters, 428
Phases of moon, 89; of Venus, 101; of Mars, 104
Phocylides Holwarda, 458
Photographic telescopes, 194
Photography of nebulæ, 23, 25, 38; of sun-spots, 36, 243, 244; of the moon, 36, 295–297; of stellar spectra, 37; of comets, 38, 354, 377–383; celestial, 194; of spectra, 219, 223; of the eclipsed sun, 254; of the reversing layer, 259; of prominence-spectra, 260; of prominences and faculæ, 261, 262; of the corona, 267, 269–271; planetary, 327; meteoric, 396
Photoheliograph, 197
Photometers, wedge, 213; meridian, 214
Photosphere, visible structure, 242
Piazzi, five-foot circle, 20; discovery of Ceres, 311
Pickering, Prof. E. C., photometric measures of asteroids, 312; photograph of Jupiter, 327; 574the spectrum of Alpha Centauri, 441; the spectrum of Pleione, 498
Pickering, W. H., lunar photographs, 296; mounting of telescopes, 297; lakes and canals of Mars, 301, 304; water area on Mars, 305; star collisions, 495; nebula surrounding Zeta Orionis, 520
Pigott, 467
“Pilgrim star,” 479–482
Planetary nebulæ, 527–529
Planets, apparent movements of, 98; interior and exterior, 98; conjunctions of, 99, 103; phases of, 101, 104; oppositions of, 103; synodic periods of, 107; times of revolution, 107; relative distances of, 144; distances of, 150; terrestrial, 229; giant, 229, 319, 343; trans-Neptunian, 231; intra-Mercurian, 232; decay, 233; comets captured by, 371, 372
— minor. See Asteroids
Pleiades, 404, 407, 497–502, 539, 549
Pleione, 498
“Plough,” 400–402, 405
Plummer, short-period comets, 371; Encke’s, 372
Podmaniczky, Baroness, 488
Pogson, 485
Polar axis, 185
Polaris. See Pole Star
Pole, celestial, 46; terrestrial, 50; movements of, 138
Pole Star, 46, 405, 412, 421, 427
Pollux, 404, 406, 415, 427
Pond, defects of Greenwich quadrant, 19; astronomer-royal, 20
Position, angle, 208; circle, 208
Poynting’s experiment, 160
Præsepe, 502
Precession, of equinoxes, 69; effects of, 170; luni-solar, 169
Prime vertical, 210
Principia, publication, 10, 13; character, 14
Prism, action of, 215; objective, 223
Prismatic camera, 223
— spectroscope, 215
Pritchard, Prof., 422, 424
Proctor, Saturn’s rings, 341; distance of Uranus, 344; Proctor’s chart, 548; stars in streams, 550
Procyon, supposed satellite, 31, 32; order of magnitude, 404; parallax of Procyon, 421; Procyon approaching the Earth, 427
Prominences, solar appendages, 253, 254; spectrum, 254, 256, 258, 260; daylight observations, 254, 255; quiescent and eruptive, 256; periodicity, 257; rapid development, 259; spectral photography, 260, 261
“Proper motions” of stars, 423–431
Ptolemaic system, 3, 4, 6
Q
Quadrature, 105
R
Rambaud, absorption in solar atmosphere, 240; fireball, 380
Ramsay, terrestrial discovery of helium, 255
Ramsden, astronomical circles, 20
Raynard, the sun a nebulous body, 253; future of Saturn’s ring-system, 340; outflows from comets, 380; star streams, 551
Ravené, gravitational disturbance by asteroids, 315
R Centauri, 478
Reading microscope, 172
Recurrence of eclipses, 119
“Red Bird,” 415
Red spot on Jupiter, 323, 324
Red stars, 416
Reduction of observations, 18, 19
Refracting telescope, 176
Refraction, 52
— in Venus, 278
Reflecting telescope, 178
Regression of moon’s nodes, 94
Regulus, 406, 410, 427
Retrogradation, 89, 103
Reversing layer, 249, 258, 271; photographed, 259
Rich and poor regions, 549
Richaud, 440
Rigel, 404, 414, 427
Right ascension, 66
Roberts, Dr., 23, 107, 502, 503, 508, 511, 520, 525–528, 530, 533, 534, 539, 540
575Roberts, A. W., 440, 441, 469
Roche, minimum distance of satellites, 340
Römer, velocity of light, 329
Rosse, Earl of, giant reflector, 24
Roszl, mass of 311 asteroids, 315
Rotation of earth, 47, 48; of moon, 92
Rowland grating, 217
— solar elements, 250
Russell, photograph of Swift’s comet, 377; Kappa Crucis, 506; the “key-hole” nebula, 522; the Magellanic clouds, 536
Rutherfurd, photographs of the moon, 295
S
Sacrobosco, treatise on the sphere, 6
Sagittarii, Zeta, 434
Saros, 120
Satellites, movements of Satellites, 108; masses of Satellites, 159
— discoveries, 9, 23, 25, 26, 309, 347; apportionment, 230; formation checked by tidal friction, 277, 282; planes of revolution, 328, 347, 348, 350; transits, 329, 330, 342; eclipses, 329, 342; variability, 330, 341, 347; rotation, 331, 341, 342, 347
Saturn, density, 333; spectrum, 334; rotation, 334, 339; dimensions, 535
Saturn’s ring-system, dusky member, 25, 336, 338; dimensions, 336; constitution, 337, 339, 340; albedo, 338
Sawyer, U Ophiuchi discovered, 473; variability of R Canis Majoris detected, 473
Schaeberle, photographs of corona of 1893, 270; land and water on Mars, 306
Scheiner, spectra of sun-spots, 251
Schiaparelli, rotation of Mercury, 275; map of Mercury, 277; rotation of Venus, 280, 281; canals of Mars, 301; duplication, 305; climate of Mars, 308; compression of Uranus, 343; comets and meteors, 393; theory of extinction of light, 544
Schiehallion experiment, 161
Schmidt, map of the moon, 290
Schönfeld, 461, 464, 466, 467, 473, 483
Schorr, 442
Schur, 433, 442
Schuster, photograph of eclipsed sun, 268
Schwabe, discovery of sun-spot periodicity, 245
Seasons, 61
Secchi, observations of prominences, 256; spectrum of Uranus, 345
See, Dr., 413, 433–435, 440, 442, 447, 448
Seeliger, photometric measures of Saturn’s rings, 339
Serpentarii, Nova, 483
Sextant, 211
Shackleton, photograph of the reversing layer, 259
Ship, position of, 128
“Sickle” in Leo, 406
Siderostat, 194
Sidgreaves, elevations of chromosphere, 258
Sirius, proper motion, 17, 31; companion, 32; spectrum, 37; size, 403; position, 409; colour, 414; distance, 418, 421; discovery of proper motion, 423; a binary star, 437; comparative magnitude, 438
Smyth, 447, 448, 502, 505, 508
Solar, constant, 239
— diagonal, 183
— eclipses, 113
— ecliptic limit, 118
— System, dominated by gravity, 29; constitution, 229, 232; dimensions, 231; stability, 232; origin, 235, 236
Southern Cross, 410, 416, 549
Shouting, 68, 198
Spectroheliograph, 225
Spectroscope, prismatic, 215; direct vision, 216; grating, 216; Lick star-, 219; Rowland, 217; tele-, 219
Spectroscopic measurements of rotation; the sun, 248; Venus, 281; Saturn, 339
Spectrum, solar, 34, 250; of stars and nebulæ, 35, 37; measurement of, 218; sun-spot, 250, 251; prominence, 254, 256, 261; chromospheric, 258; of Mercury, 275; of Venus, 279; auroral, 288; of Jupiter, 326; of Saturn’s rings, 338; 576of Uranus, 345, 346; of Neptune, 351; of comets, 368
Spherical excess, 133
Spica, 404, 410
Spiral nebulæ, 533, 534
Spoerer, solar rotation, 249
Star of Bethlehem, 101
Star-charting, photographic, 38
— cluster, 17
— spectroscope, 219
— time, 68
Stars, temporary, 3, 8, 477; proper motions of, 17, 19, 28, 425, 427; fixed, 45; circumpolar, 46; diurnal motion of, 46; aberration of, 58; catalogues of, 71; clock, 82; morning and evening, 100; magnitudes, 403, 404; Pole, 405, 412; double, 410; coloured, 416; red, 416; nearest, 417; binary, 431; variable, 458
Stationary points, 103
Stone, mass of Titan, 342
Stoney, G. Johnstone, atmospheres of planets, 313
Stratonoff, sun’s rotation from faculæ, 249
Suess, theory of lunar formations, 292
Sun, translation, 28, 229; apparent movements of, 55, 77; midnight, 63; apparent diameter of, 72; mean, 79; eclipses of, 113; distance of, 146; mass of, 156; maintenance of heat, 234; radiative power, 237–239, 241, 242; temperature, 239, 240; magnitude, 240, 241; luminous surface, 242; spots, 243–249, 251, 252; periodicity, 246; rotation, 247–249; chemistry, 250; theories, 252
Sun-dial, 78
Sun’s motion in space, 428
Sun-spots, observed by Galileo, 9; construction, 243, 251; zones, 245, 247; periodicity, 245, 247; irregular movements, 247–249; spectra, 250–252
Sutton, 553
Swift, Lewis, comet discovered by, 377, 378, 383
Sykora, elevation of spotted areas on the sun, 252
Synodic period, of moon, 91; of planets, 107
T
Tacchini, spectrum of Venus, 279; rotation, 280
Talcott’s latitude method, 124
Tauri, Alpha. See Aldebaran
— Lambda, 473
Tebbutt’s comet, 362, 368
Telescope, invention of, 9; achromatic, 20, 21; reflecting, 21, 24, 25, 178; refracting, 20, 25–27, 176; future improvement, 26, 27, 297; Newtonian, 179; Cassegrain, 180, 181; Herschellian, 180; Skew Cassegrain, 181; magnifying power of, 184; illuminating power of, 184; altazimuth, 184; equatorial, 185; Rosse, 187; Common, 5-foot, 188; Lick, 190; fixed, 194; photographic, 194
Telespectroscope, 219
Tempel, 501
“Temporary stars,” 477–497
Theodolite, 205
Thiele, 435, 447, 451
Thome, comet of 1887, 360
Tidal evolution, 167
Tidal friction, 166; in earth-moon system, 236, 283, 284; on Mercury, 277; effect on satellite-formation, 278, 282; on Venus, 282; on Phobos, 310; on Saturnian satellites, 342
Tides, 162; spring and neap, 164; priming and lagging, 164
Time, apparent, 78; equation of, 79; mean solar, 79; determination of, 82; at different places, 83; Greenwich mean, 83; local, 83; telegraphy, 84; zone, 84; balls, 85
Tisserand, revolutions of Jupiter’s fifth satellite, 331; disturbance of Neptune’s satellite, 351; capture of comets, 372
Todd, Miss M. L., drawing of corona, 268
— Prof., trans-Neptunian planet, 231
Toucani (41), 513
Transit circle, 198–202
— instrument, 202
— of Venus, 101, 148
Triangulation, 53
Troughton, instrumental improvements, 19, 20
Trouvelot, mountains of Venus, 279; rotation, 280
577Twilight, 53
Tycho Brahé, 5, 8, 9, 405, 418, 479, 481, 529
U
Ulugh Beigh, observations at Samarcand, 5
Umbra of earth’s shadow, 111
Uranus, discovery, 22, 229; perturbations, 32, 231; dimensions and markings, 343–345; analogy with Neptune, 343, 351; rotation, 344, 348; spectrum, 345, 346; satellites, 347, 348; comets captured by, 371, 395
Ursa Major, stars in, 400, 401
Ursæ Majoris, Xi, 440
V
Variation of latitude, 136
Variable stars, 458
Vega, 403, 406, 414, 422, 427
Venus, phases observed by Galileo, 9; transits, 17; phases of, 101; transit of, 101, 148; atmosphere, 278, 281, 282; ashen light, 279; spectrum, 279; rotation, 280, 281; imaginary satellite, 282
Vernier, 172
Very, distribution of lunar heat, 295
Vesta, discovery, 311; diameter and brightness, 312; mass, 313
Villarceau, 433
Virginis, Alpha (Spica), 404, 410
— Gamma, 413, 444–450
— Tau, 456
— W, 469
Visible stars, number of, 538–546
Vogel, spectrum of Jupiter, 326; of Uranus, 345; binary or multiple system of Beta Lyræ, 466; diameter of Algol, 472
Volcanic action, terrestrial, 284; lunar, 290, 292
Von Gothard, 465
Vulpeculæ, Nova, 484
— S, 484
W
Ward, 488
Way, Milky, 402, 430, 549, 557
Webb, 528
Wedge, photometer, 213
Weight, defined, 151; of the earth, 160
Wells’ comet, 368
Williams, A. Stanley, rotation of Venus, 280; of Jupiter, 325; photographs of Jupiter, 327; spots on Saturn, 334
Wilson, Alexander, depression of sun-spots, 251
— W. E., temperature of the sun, 240
Winnecke, 422
Winnecke’s comet, 368, 371, 372
Wire micrometer, 205
Wolf, Max, photographic discovery of asteroids, 314; comet discovered by, 377; chart of the Pleiades, 499
Wrublewsky, 434
Y
Year, 85; sidereal, 85; tropical, 85; leap, 86
Yendell, 474
Yerkes, 40-inch refractor, 26, 27
Young, solar eruption, 256; spectrum of chromosphere, 258; reversing layer, 258; spectrum of Venus, 279; brightness of Phobos, 309; belts of Uranus, 343; size of Uranus, 345; the sun and planets, seen from Neptune, 349, 352; 578Andromede meteors, 394
Z
Zenith, 45
— telescope, 210
Zodiac, 60
Zodiacal Light, 272, 273
Zöllner, albedo of Mars, 298, 334; of Jupiter, 320; of Neptune, 349; estimate of sunlight, 543
Zone time, 84
THE END.
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY’S PUBLICATIONS.
THE SUN. By C. A. Young, Ph. D., LL. D., Professor of Astronomy in Princeton University. New and revised edition, with numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00.
“In this book we see a master’s hand. Professor Young has no superiors, if he has rivals, among astronomers in this country.... ‘The Sun’ is a book of facts and achievements, and not a discussion of theories, and it will be read and appreciated by all scientific students, and not by them alone. Being written in untechnical language, it is equally adapted to a large class of educated readers not engaged in scientific pursuits.”—Journal of Education, Boston.
“Professor Young’s work is essentially a record of facts and achievements, rather than of theories and attempts at the interpretation of mysteries; yet the great questions still remaining to be answered are of course discussed, and in a masterly manner.”—Philadelphia Evening Bulletin.
“It is one of the best books of popular science ever written, and deserves a host of readers.”—The Dial, Chicago.
“You feel throughout that a master is leading you amid the intricacies and mazes of one of the most absorbing of studies.... Many a one whose views are hazy and dim will find here just that enlightenment, without an overburdened technicality, that will prove most useful.”—The Interior.
THE STORY OF THE SUN. By Sir Robert S. Ball, F. R. S., author of “An Atlas of Astronomy,” “The Cause of an Ice Age,” etc. 8vo. Cloth, $5.00.
“Sir Robert Ball has the happy gift of making abstruse problems intelligible to the ‘wayfaring man’ by the aid of simple language and a few diagrams. Science moves so fast that there was room for a volume which should enlighten the general reader on the present state of knowledge about solar phenomena, and that place the present treatise admirably fills.”—London Chronicle.
“As a specimen of the publisher’s art it is superb. It is printed on paper which entices the reader to make marginal notes of reference to other books in his library, the type is large, the binding is excellent, and the volume is neither too large nor too small to handle without fatigue.”—New York Herald.
AN ATLAS OF ASTRONOMY. By Sir Robert S. Ball, F. R. S., Professor of Astronomy and Geometry at the University of Cambridge; Author of “Starland,” “The Cause of an Ice Age,” etc. With 72 Plates, Explanatory Text, and Complete Index. Small 4to. Cloth, $4.00.
“The high reputation of Sir Robert Ball as a writer on astronomy at once popular and scientific is in itself more than sufficient recommendation of his newly published ‘Atlas of Astronomy.’ The plates are clear and well arranged, and those of them which represent the more striking aspects of the more important heavenly bodies are very beautifully executed. The introduction is written with Sir Robert Ball’s well-known lucidity and simplicity of exposition, and altogether the Atlas is admirably adapted to meet the needs and smooth the difficulties of young and inexperienced students of astronomy, as well as materially to assist the researches of those are more advanced.”—London Times.
OUTLINES OF ASTRONOMY. By Sir J. J. W. Herschel. With Plates and Woodcuts. Eleventh edition. 8vo. Cloth, $4.00.
ORIGIN OF THE STARS, AND THE CAUSES OF THEIR MOTIONS AND THEIR LIGHT. By Jacob Ennis. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00.
SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, IN ITS APPLICATION TO TERRESTRIAL SUBSTANCES, and the Physical Constitution of the Heavenly Bodies. Familiarly explained by Dr. H. Schellen, Director der Realschule I. O. Cologne. Translated from the second enlarged and revised German edition by Jane and Caroline Lassell. Edited, with Notes, by William Huggins, LL. D. With numerous Woodcuts, Colored Plates, and Portraits; also, Angström’s and Kirchhoff’s Maps. 8vo. Cloth, $6.00.
“Certainly, as regards mere knowledge, the ‘Spectrum Analysis’ has let us into many secrets of the physical universe which Newton and Laplace would have declared impossible for man’s intellect to attain. The science is still in its infancy, but it is prosecuted by some of the ablest, most patient, and most enthusiastic observers, and some of the keenest thinkers at present existing on our little, insignificant physical globe.”—Boston Globe.
STUDIES IN SPECTRUM ANALYSIS. By J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S., Correspondent of the Institute of France, etc. With 60 Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $2.50.
“The study of spectrum analysis is one fraught with a peculiar fascination, and some of the author’s experiments are exceedingly picturesque in their results. They are so lucidly described, too, that the reader keeps on, from page to page, never flagging in interest in the matter before him, nor putting down the book until the last page is reached.”—New York Evening Express.
ASTRONOMY AND GEOLOGY COMPARED. By Lord Ormathwaite. 18mo. Tinted paper. Cloth, $1.00.
THE STORY OF THE STARS. By G. F. Chambers, F. R. A. S., author of “Handbook of Descriptive and Practical Astronomy,” etc. With 24 Illustrations. Library of Useful Stories. 16mo. Cloth, 40 cents.
“One can here get a clear conception of the relative condition of the stars and constellations, and of the existent universe so far as it is disclosed to view. The author presents his wonderful and at times bewildering facts in a bright and cheery spirit that makes the book doubly attractive.”—Boston Home Journal.
RICHARD A. PROCTOR’S WORKS.
OTHER WORLDS THAN OURS. The Plurality of Worlds, Studied under the Light of Recent Scientific Researches. By Richard Anthony Proctor. With Illustrations, some colored. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
Contents.—Introduction. What the Earth teaches us. What we learn from the Sun. The Inferior Planets. Mars, the Miniature of our Earth. Jupiter, the Giant of the Solar System. Saturn, the Ringed World. Uranus and Neptune, the Arctic Planets. The Moon and other Satellites. Meteors and Comets: Their Office in the Solar System. Other Suns than Ours. Of Minor Stars, and of the Distribution of Stars in Space. The Nebulæ: Are they External Galaxies? Supervision and Control.
OUR PLACE AMONG INFINITIES. A Series of Essays contrasting our Little Abode in Space and Time with the Infinities around us. To which are added Essays on the Jewish Sabbath and Astrology. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
Contents.—Past and Future of the Earth. Seeming Wastes in Nature. New Theory of Life in other Worlds. A Missing Comet. The Lost Comet and its Meteor Train. Jupiter. Saturn and its System. A Giant Sun. The Star Depths. Star Gauging. Saturn and the Sabbath of the Jews. Thoughts on Astrology.
THE EXPANSE OF HEAVEN. A Series of Essays on the Wonders of the Firmament. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00.
Contents.—A Dream that was not all a Dream. The Sun. The Queen of Night. The Evening Star. The Ruddy Planet. Life in the Ruddy Planet. The Prince of Planets. Jupiter’s Family of Moons. The Ring-Girdled Planet. Newton and the Law of the Universe. The Discovery of Two Giant Planets. The Lost Comet. Visitants from the Star Depths. Whence come the Comets? The Comet Families of the Giant Planets. The Earth’s Journey through Showers. How the Planets Grew. Our Daily Light. The Flight of Light. A Cluster of Suns. Worlds ruled by Colored Suns. The King of Suns. Four Orders of Suns. The Depths of Space. Charting the Star Depths. The Star Depths Astir with Life. The Drifting Stars. The Milky Way.
THE MOON: Her Motions, Aspect, Scenery, and Physical Conditions. With Three Lunar Photographs, Map, and many Plates, Charts, etc. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00.
Contents.—The Moon’s Distance, Size, and Mass. The Moon’s Motions. The Moon’s Changes of Aspect, Rotation, Libration, etc. Study of the Moon’s Surface. Lunar Celestial Phenomena. Condition of the Moon’s Surface. Index to the Map of the Moon.
LIGHT SCIENCE FOR LEISURE HOURS. A Series of Familiar Essays on Scientific Subjects, Natural Phenomena, etc. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
POPULAR ASTRONOMY. A General Description of the Heavens. By Camille Flammarion. Translated from the French by J. Ellard Gore. With 3 Plates and 288 Illustrations. 8vo. Cloth, $4.50.
“The fullest and most elaborate compendium of popular knowledge of astronomy.... The book might reasonably be pronounced the most desirable of its kind.”—New York Sun.
“M. Flammarion has produced a work that charms while it interests. He has classified astronomy so perfectly that any person of ordinary intelligence may learn from his book practically all the men in the observatories know.”—New York Times.
“Flammarion talks, and his conversation is free from those technical expressions which make the obscure style more obscure. He treats the most abstruse problems in such a fashion that you see through them more clearly than you ever thought it possible to do without years of study.”—New York Herald.
“While the translator has done excellent work, he has also added largely to the value of the book by his carefully prepared notes, in which he brings every astronomical theme down to date.”—Chicago Inter-Ocean.
“The book is one of extreme interest, and to our mind far surpasses in fascination any novel that was ever written.”—London Literary World.
ASTRONOMY WITH AN OPERA-GLASS. A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments. By Garrett P. Serviss. 8vo. Cloth, $1.50.
“The glimpses he allows to be seen of far-stretching vistas opening out on every side of his modest course of observation help to fix the attention of the negligent, and lighten the toil of the painstaking student.... Mr. Serviss writes with freshness and vivacity.”—London Saturday Review.
“By its aid thousands of people who have resigned themselves to the ignorance in which they were left at school, by our wretched system of teaching by the book only, will thank Mr. Serviss for the suggestions he has so well carried out”—New York Times.
“We are glad to welcome this popular introduction to the study of the heavens.... There could hardly be a more pleasant road to astronomical knowledge than it affords.... A child may understand the text, which reads more like a collection of anecdotes than anything else, but this does not mar its scientific value.”—Nature.
“Mr. Garrett P. Serviss’s book, ‘Astronomy with an Opera-Glass,’ offers us an admirable handbook and guide in the cultivation of this noble æsthetic discipline (the study of the stars).”—New York Home Journal.
“The book should belong to every family library.”—Boston Home Journal.
WORKS BY ARABELLA B. BUCKLEY (MRS. FISHER).
“Mrs. Fisher has a positive genius for presenting the science of living things in shapes that boys and girls can understand.”—Philadelphia Ledger.
“Mrs. Fisher’s apprenticeship as secretary to Sir Charles Lyell has resulted in a life-long devotion to the natural sciences, the fruits of which have been a series of charming books valuable to the young, and indeed to grown-ups.”—The Critic.
THE FAIRY-LAND OF SCIENCE. With 74 Illustrations. Cloth, $1.50.
Contents.—The Fairy-Land of Science: How to Enter it; How to Use it; How to Enjoy it.—Sunbeams, and the Work they do.—The Aërial Ocean in which we Live.—A Drop of Water on its Travels.—The Two Great Sculptors, Water and Ice.—The Voices of Nature, and How we Hear them.—The Life of a Primrose.—The History of a Piece of Coal.—Bees in the Hive.—Bees and Flowers.
THROUGH MAGIC GLASSES, and other Lectures. A Sequel to “The Fairy-Land of Science.” Cloth, $1.50.
Contents.—The Magician’s Chamber by Moonlight.—Magic Glasses and How to Use Them.—Fairy Rings and How They are Made.—The Life History of Lichens and Mosses.—The History of a Lava-Stream.—An Hour with the Sun.—An Evening with the Stars.—Little Beings from a Miniature Ocean.—The Dartmoor Ponies.—The Magician’s Dream of Ancient Days.
LIFE AND HER CHILDREN: Glimpses of Animal Life, from the Amœba to the Insects. With over 100 Illustrations. Cloth, $1.50.
Contents.—Life’s Simplest Children; How they Live, and Move, and Build.—How Sponges Live.—The Lasso-Throwers of the Ponds and Oceans.—How Star-Fish Walk and Sea-Urchins Grow.—The Mantle-covered Animals, and How they Live with Heads and without them.—The Outcasts of Animal Life, and the Elastic-ringed Animals by Sea and by Land.—The Mailed Warriors of the Sea, with Ringed Bodies and Jointed Feet.—The Snare-Weavers and their Hunting Relations.—Insect Suckers and Biters which Change their Coats but not their Bodies.—Insect Sippers and Gnawers which Remodel their Bodies within their Coats.—Intelligent Insects with Helpless Children, as illustrated by the Ants.
WINNERS IN LIFE’S RACE; or, The Great Backboned Family. With numerous Illustrations. Cloth, $1.50.
Contents.—The Threshold of Backboned Life.—How the Quaint Old Fishes of Ancient Times have Lived on into Our Day.—The Bony Fish, and How they have Spread over Sea, and Lake, and River.—How the Backboned Animals pass from Water-breathing to Air-breathing, and find their Way out upon the Land.—The Cold-blooded Air-breathers of the Globe in Times both Past and Present.—The Feathered Conquerors of the Air.—Their Wanderings over Sea and Marsh, Desert and Plain.—From Running to Flying, from Mound-laying to Nest-building, from Cry to Song.—The Mammalia or Milk-Givers, the simplest Suckling Mother, the active Pouchbearers, and the Imperfect-toothed Animals.—From the Lower and Small Milk-Givers which find Safety in Concealment, to the Intelligent Apes and Monkeys.—The Large Milk-givers which have conquered the World by Strength and Intelligence.—How the Backboned Animals have returned to the Water, and Large Milk-givers Imitate the Fish.—A Bird’s-eye View of the Rise and Progress of Backboned Life.
A SHORT HISTORY OF NATURAL SCIENCE; and of the Progress of Discovery from the Time of the Greeks to the Present Time. New edition, revised and rearranged. With 77 Illustrations. Cloth, $2.00.
“The work, though mainly intended for children and young persons, may be most advantageously read by many persons of riper age, and may serve to implant in their minds a fuller and clearer conception of ‘the promises, the achievements, and claims of science.’”—Journal of Science.
PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY; or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants, considered as illustrative of Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. Illustrated with Maps, Plates, and Woodcuts. Two vols., royal 8vo. Cloth, $8.00.
The “Principles of Geology” may be looked upon with pride not only as a representative of English science, but as without a rival of its kind anywhere. Growing in fullness and accuracy with the growth of experience and observation in every region of the world, the work has incorporated with itself each established discovery, and has been modified by every hypothesis of value which has been brought to bear upon, or been evolved from, the most recent body of facts.
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF THE EARTH. A Popular Account of Geological History. By Rev. H. N. Hutchinson, B. A., F. G. S. With 27 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $1.50.
“A scientific work, divested of technicalities, and put into a bright, narrative form which can not but attract even the most general reader.”—Boston Transcript.
“It is hardly conceivable that the rich results of the science of geology can be so treated as to prove uninteresting to thinking people, be they young or old. When, therefore, we say that Mr. Hutchinson’s book is extremely interesting, no more might be implied than that the author has skillfully used the vast materials at his hand. But Mr. Hutchinson has successfully carried out a difficult design on an admirable plan, and has adhered to that plan throughout. His sketch of historical geology has a genuine continuity.”—Saturday Review.
A REPRINT OF ANNUAL REPORTS AND OTHER PAPERS OF THE GEOLOGY OF THE VIRGINIAS. By the late William Barton Rogers, LL. D., etc., Director of the Geological Survey of Virginia from 1835 to 1841. With numerous Maps, Colored Charts, etc. 12mo. Cloth, $5.00.
NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES. By Jacob Harris Patton, M. A., Ph. D. 8vo, 523 pages. Cloth, $3.00.
“This portly octavo of over 500 pages is an encyclopedic directory to its subject, and a work of comprehensive scope, exhaustive research, scientific spirit, and good literary form.... Capitalists, investors, railroad projectors, land speculators, and all who need to know the distribution of land values, will find a vast amount of information in this well-arranged work, the contents of which, it is safe to say, could not be found assembled in similar compass elsewhere.”—Boston Literary World.
“As interesting to read as it is valuable to consult. By the employment of fine white paper and large, clear type, the publishers have made it an elegant specimen of the printer’s art.”—New York Sun.
BOOKS BY PROF. G. FREDERICK WRIGHT.
GREENLAND ICEFIELDS, AND LIFE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC. With a New Discussion of the Causes of the Ice Age. By G. Frederick Wright, D. D., LL. D., F. G. S. A., author of “The Ice Age in North America,” “Man and the Glacial Period,” etc., and Warren Upham, A. M., F. G. S. A., late of the Geological Surveys of New Hampshire, Minnesota, and the United States. With numerous Maps and Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00.
The immediate impulse to the preparation of this volume arose in connection with a trip to Greenland by Professor Wright in the summer of 1894 on the steamer Miranda. The work aims to give within moderate limits a comprehensive view of the scenery, the glacial phenomena, the natural history, the people, and the explorations of Greenland. The photographs are all original, and the maps have been prepared to show the latest state of knowledge concerning the region. The volume treats of the ice of the Labrador current, the coast of Labrador, Spitzbergen ice in Davis Strait, the Greenland Eskimos, Europeans in Greenland, explorations of the inland ice, the plants and animals of Greenland, changes of level since the advent of the Glacial period, and includes a summary of the bearing of the facts upon glacial theories. The work is of both popular and scientific interest.
THE ICE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA, and its Bearings upon the Antiquity of Man. With an Appendix on “The Probable Cause of Glaciation,” by Warren Upham, F. G. S. A., Assistant on the Geological Surveys of New Hampshire, Minnesota, and the United States. New and enlarged edition. With 150 Maps and Illustrations. 8vo, 625 pages, and Index. Cloth, $5.00.
“The author has seen with his own eyes the most important phenomena of the Ice age on this continent from Maine to Alaska. In the work itself, elementary description is combined with a broad, scientific, and philosophic method, without abandoning for a moment the purely scientific character. Professor Wright has contrived to give the whole a philosophical direction which lends interest and inspiration to it, and which in the chapters on Man and the Glacial Period rises to something like dramatic intensity.”—The Independent.
MAN AND THE GLACIAL PERIOD. International Scientific Series. With numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
“The earlier chapters describing glacial action, and the traces of it in North America—especially the defining of its limits, such as the terminal moraine of the great movement itself—are of great interest and value. The maps and diagrams are of much assistance in enabling the reader to grasp the vast extent of the movement.”—London Spectator.
PIONEERS OF SCIENCE IN AMERICA. Sketches of their Lives and Scientific Work. Edited and revised by William Jay Youmans, M. D. With Portraits. 8vo. Cloth, $4.00.
Impelled solely by an enthusiastic love of Nature, and neither asking nor receiving outside aid, these early workers opened the way and initiated the movement through which American science has reached its present commanding position. This book gives some account of these men, their early struggles, their scientific labors, and, whenever possible, something of their personal characteristics. This information, often very difficult to obtain, has been collected from a great variety of sources, with the utmost care to secure accuracy. It is presented in a series of sketches, some fifty in all, each with a single exception accompanied with a well-authenticated portrait.
“Fills a place that needed filling, and is likely to be widely read.”—New York Sun.
“It is certainly a useful and convenient volume, and readable too, if we judge correctly of the degree of accuracy of the whole by critical examination of those cases in which our own knowledge enables us to form an opinion.... In general, it seems to us that the handy volume is specially to be commended for setting in just historical perspective many of the earlier scientists who are neither very generally nor very well known.”—New York Evening Post.
“A wonderfully interesting volume. Many a young man will find it fascinating. The compilation of the book is a work well done, well worth the doing.”—Philadelphia Press.
“One of the most valuable books which we have received.”—Boston Advertiser.
“A book of no little educational value.... An extremely valuable work of reference.”—Boston Beacon.
“A valuable handbook for those whose work runs on these same lines, and is likely to prove of lasting interest to those for whom ‘les documents humain’ are second only to history in importance—nay, are a vital part of history.”—Boston Transcript.
“A biographical history of science in America, noteworthy for its completeness and scope.... All of the sketches are excellently prepared and unusually interesting.”—Chicago Record.
“One of the most valuable contributions to American literature recently made.... The pleasing style in which these sketches are written, the plans taken to secure accuracy, and the information conveyed, combine to give them great value and interest. No better or more inspiring reading could be placed in the hands of an intelligent and aspiring young man.”—New York Christian Work.
“A book whose interest and value are not for to-day or to-morrow, but for indefinite time.”—Rochester Herald.
“It is difficult to imagine a reader of ordinary intelligence who would not be entertained by the book.... Conciseness, exactness, urbanity of tone, and interestingness are the four qualities which chiefly impress the reader of these sketches.”—Buffalo Express.
“Full of interesting and valuable matter.”—The Churchman.
THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL SERIES.
NOW READY.
THE BEGINNINGS OF ART. By Ernst Grosse, Professor of Philosophy in the University of Freiburg. A new volume in the Anthropological Series, edited by Professor Frederick Starr. Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
“This book can not fail to interest students of every branch of art, while the general reader who will dare to take hold of it will have his mind broadened and enriched beyond what he would conceive a work of many times its dimensions might effect.”—Brooklyn Eagle.
“The volume is clearly written, and should prove a popular exposition of a deeply interesting theme.”—Philadelphia Public Ledger.
WOMAN’S SHARE IN PRIMITIVE CULTURE. By Otis Tufton Mason, A. M., Curator of the Department of Ethnology in the United States National Museum. With numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
“A most interesting résumé of the revelations which science has made concerning the habits of human beings in primitive times, and especially as to the place, the duties, and the customs of women.”—Philadelphia Inquirer.
THE PYGMIES. By A. de Quatrefages, late Professor of Anthropology at the Museum of Natural History, Paris. With numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
“Probably no one was better equipped to illustrate the general subject than Quatrefages. While constantly occupied upon the anatomical and osseous phases of his subject, he was none the less well acquainted with what literature and history had to say concerning the pygmies.... This book ought to be in every divinity school in which man as well as God is studied, and from which missionaries go out to convert the human being of reality and not the man of rhetoric and text-books.”—Boston Literary World.
THE BEGINNINGS OF WRITING. By W. J. Hoffman, M. D. With numerous Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75.
This interesting book gives a most attractive account of the rude methods employed by primitive man for recording his deeds. The earliest writing consists of pictographs which were traced on stone, wood, bone, skins, and various paperlike substances. Dr. Hoffman shows how the several classes of symbols used in these records are to be interpreted, and traces the growth of conventional signs up to syllabaries and alphabets—the two classes of signs employed by modern peoples.
IN PREPARATION.
THE SOUTH SEA ISLANDERS. By Dr. Schmeltz.
THE ZUÑI. By Frank Hamilton Cushing.
THE AZTECS. By Mrs. Zelia Nuttall.
Recent Volumes of the International Scientific Series.
THE AURORA BOREALIS. By Alfred Angot, Honorary Meteorologist to the Central Meteorological Office of France. With 18 Illustrations. $1.75.
While there have been many monographs in different languages upon various phases of this subject, there has been a want of a convenient and comprehensive survey of the whole field. Professor Angot has cited a few illustrations of each class of phenomena, and, without encumbering his book with a mass of minor details, he presents a picture of the actual state of present knowledge, with a summary both of definite results and of the points demanding additional investigation.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE ART OF MUSIC. By C. Hubert H. Parry, D. C. L., M. A., etc. $1.75.
Dr. Parry’s high rank among modern writers upon music assures to this book a cordial welcome. It was first published as “The Art of Music,” in octavo form. The title of this revised edition has been slightly amplified, with a view of suggesting the intention of the work more effectually.
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? By John Trowbridge, S. D., Rumford Professor and Lecturer on the Applications of Science to the Useful Arts, Harvard University. Illustrated. $1.50.
Professor Trowbridge’s long experience both as an original investigator and as a teacher imparts a peculiar value to this important work. Finding that no treatise could be recommended which answers the question, What is Electricity? satisfactorily, he has explained in a popular way the electro-magnetic theory of light and heat, and the subject of periodic currents and electric waves, seeking an answer for his titular question in the study of the transformation of energy and a consideration of the hypotheses of movements in the ether.
ICE-WORK, PRESENT AND PAST. By T. G. Bonney, D. Sc., F. R. S., F. S. A., etc., Professor of Geology at University College, London. $1.50.
In his work Professor Bonney has endeavored to give greater prominence to those facts of glacial geology on which all inferences must be founded. After setting forth the facts shown in various regions, he has given the various interpretations which have been proposed, adding his comments and criticisms. He also explains a method by which he believes we can approximate to the temperature at various places during the Glacial epoch, and the different explanations of this general refrigeration are stated and briefly discussed.
MOVEMENT. By E. J. Marey, Member of the Institute and of the Academy of Medicine; Professor at the College of France; Author of “Animal Mechanism.” Translated by Eric Pritchard, M. A. With 200 Illustrations. $1.75.
The present work describes the methods employed in the extended development of photography of moving objects attained in the last few years, and shows the importance of such researches in mechanics and other departments of physics, the fine arts, physiology, and zoölogy, and in regulating the walking or marching of men and the gait of horses.
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, NEW YORK.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Page Changed from Changed to
475 the diameter of our sun, I find, from the above date, that the the diameter of our sun, I find, from the above data, that the
Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.
Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.