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Artificial and Natural Flight

GENERAL INDEX.

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PAGE

Accident to my large machine, 138

Action of aeroplanes and power required, 100

Adjustment of birds’ wings, 19

Admiralty specification for a steamship, 48

Advantages of driving aeroplanes on to new air, 140

Advantages and disadvantages of very narrow planes, 143

Aeroplanes:—

Action of, 31, 32, 100

Advantageous angle of, 139

Advantages and disadvantages of very narrow, 143

Advan„ages arising from driving aeroplanes on to new air, 140

Curvature of, 145

Evolution of a wide aeroplane, 102

Experiments with, 49-59

Fabric covered, 131

Lifting effect of, 141

Lifting surface of, 103

Philipps’ sustainers, 146

Reduction of projected horizontal area, 3, 4

Shape and efficiency of, 99

Superposed, 144, 146

Testing fabrics for, 50

The paradox aeroplane, 88

Air currents and the flight of birds, 11

Air cu„rentsConclusions regarding, 21

Air cu„rentsAlpes Maritimes, 17

Air cu„rentsMediterranean, 18

Air cu„rentsMid-Atlantic, 16

Air cu„rents2,000 feet above the earth’s surface, 22

Air cu„rentswitnessed at Cadiz, 20

Angles and degrees compared, 115

Antoinette motor, The, 89

Balloons, 120

Bal„oons spiders, 27

Birds as thermo-dynamic machines, 153

Bi„ds Two classes of, 23

Bleriot’s machine, 113

Boiler experiments, 156

Brayton’s gas engine, 154

British war balloon, 159, 162

Building up of my large screws, 41

Burner employed in my experiments, 157

Character of text-books recently published, 1

Circulation of air produced by differences in temperature, 27

Cody’s kite, 28, 30

Comparative value of different motors, 151

Conclusions regarding air currents, 21

Condensers, Testing of, 52

Condenser tubes, 60

Continental flying machines, 9

Crystal Palace experiments, 72-76

Darwin on the flight of condors, 11

Deflection of air coming in contact with aeroplanes, 2

De la Grange machine, The, 110

“Dirigible” No 2, 159, 162

Drift at various distances from center to center, Table of, 58

Dynagraphs, 136

Dynamic energy of animals, 127

Eagles, Flight of, 19

Efficiency of screw propellers, 147

Effici„ncy of screws in steamships, 47

Energy developed by a bird, 13

Engines, 153

Equivalent inclinations, 115

Equi„alent velocities, 116

Experiments of Count Zeppelin, 124

Experim„nts of Horatio Philipps, 9, 118, 119, 145

Experim„nts of Lord Rayleigh in reference to Newton’s Law, 6

Experim„nts of Professor Langley, 9, 62, 99, 109

Experim„nts of Wright Bros., 109

Experiments to show efficiency of Screw propellers, 33

Exper„mentswith apparatus attached to rotating arm, 62

Exper„mentsw„thboiler, 156

Exper„mentsw„thhard rolled brass aeroplane, 3

Exper„mentsw„thmy large machine, 10, 133

Exper„mentsw„throtating arm, 64-72

Exper„mentsw„thsmall machines attached to rotating arm, 159

Fabric covered screw, 40

Farman’s machine, 110

Flying of kites, 25, 28, 29

Forced circulation used by me, 158

Formulæ unsupported by facts, 3

French and English measurements, 128, 129

Gulls, 20, 21

Gyroscope apparatus, 93

Gyro„cope Steering by means of, 92

Hawks and Eagles, 13

Hélicoptère machine, 82

Hints as to the building of flying machines, 77-91

Horizontal movement of the air, 14

Hub for flying machine, New form of, 45

Interstellar temperature, 15

Introductory, 1

Kites, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29

Ki„es Behaviour of, 26

Ki„es Flying of, 25, 28, 29

Langley, Experiments of, 9, 62, 99, 109

Lan„ley, on the flight of birds, 11, 22

Lan„ley, on the power exercised by birds, 12

“La Patrie,” 124

Lifting effect of aeroplanes, 5

Lif„ing surface of aeroplanes, 103

Low temperature of space, 15

Major Baden Powell’s demand, 125

Mistral, The, 21

Motors, Development of, 31

Motor, The Antoinette, 89

My compound engines, 142

M„ experiments with aeroplanes, 7

M„ experim„ents withlarge machine, 10, 133

M„ steam engines, 155

Newton’s Law, 2, 6

“Nulli Secundus,” 28, 121

Oil engines, 154

Philipps’ experiments, 9, 118, 119, 145

Phil„pps’sustainers, 145

Pneumatic buffer, 90

Position of screw, 49

Power exerted by a land animal, 13

Po „er required, 100

Principally relating to screws, 31

Rayleigh’s experiments in reference to Newton’s law, 6

Recapitulation of early experiments, 130

Recent machines, 109

Relative value of woods for flying machines, 85

Reserve energy necessary in flying machines, 30

Resistance encountered by various shaped bodies, 52

Rotating arm experiments, 64-72

Santos Dumont’s flying machine, 113

Screw blade on Farman’s machine, 41

Sc„ew blades, Testing of, 36

Sc„ew bl„des, used by the French Government, 39

Sc„ew bl„des, with radial edges, 43

Sc„ew Fabric-covered, 40

Sc„ew Position of, 49

Sc„ew propeller made of sheet metal, 41

Sc„ew propellers, Efficiency of, 33, 147

Screws, 8, 31, 35, 36, 40, 41, 46, 47, 49

Scr„ws, Building up of my large, 40

Scr„ws, their efficiency in steamships, 47

Shape and efficiency of aeroplanes, 99

Skin friction, 41, 48

Spider’s webbing down from the sky, 27

Spirit lamp and ice box, 62

Stability of flying machines, 147, 150

Steam engines used by me, 155

Steering, 147, 149

Superposed aeroplanes, 144

System of splicing and building up wooden members, 86

Tables:—

Equivalent inclinations, 115

Equi„alent velocities, 116

French and English measurements, 128, 129

Philipps’ experiments, 119

Relative value of different woods, 85

Showing the relative power exerted by different birds, 24

Velocity and pressure of the wind, 114

Vel„city a„ d thrust corresponding with various horse-powers, 117

Testing aeroplanes, condensers, etc., 52

Teutonic vision of aerial power, 126

Velocity and pressure of wind, 114

Velo„ity a„d thrust corresponding with various horse-powers, 117

“Ville de Paris,” 123

Wright Bros.’ experiments, 109, 159, 162

Zeppelin’s experiments, 124, 159, 161

BELL AND BAIN, LIMITED, PRINTERS, GLASGOW.

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