INDEX.
Reading edition
ACCOUCHEUR, fish, 246; toad, 254
Acerina cernua
,
246
Acinia prehensa
,
233
Actinia
,
233
,
234
Actinophrys
, apparent intelligence of,
20
Adamsia
,
234
Adaptive movement, as evidence of mind,
2
,
3
Addison, his definition of instinct,
11
Addison, Mrs. K., on gesticulating signs made by a jackdaw,
316
Ælian, on division of labour in harvesting ants,
98
Æsthetic emotions of birds,
279
-
82
Affection, sexual, parental, and social, of snails,
27
;
of ants,
45
-
9
and
58
,
59
;
of bees,
155
,
156
, and
162
;
of earwig,
229
;
of fish,
242
-
6
;
of reptiles,
256
,
258
,
259
;
of birds,
270
-
6
;
of kangaroo,
326
,
327
;
of whale,
327
;
of horse,
329
;
of deer,
334
;
of bat,
341
;
of seal,
341
-
6
;
of hare,
338
-
40
;
of rats,
340
;
of mice,
341
;
of beaver,
367
;
of elephant,
387
-
92
;
of cat,
411
,
412
;
of dog,
437
,
440
,
441
;
of monkeys,
471
-
5
and
484
-
98
Agassiz, Professor A., on instinct of hermit-crab,
232
;
nest of fish,
242
-
3
;
on beaver-dams,
384
,
385
Agassiz, Professor L., on intelligence of snails,
26
Alison, Professor, on curious instinct of polecat,
347
Allen, J. A., on breeding habits of pinniped seals,
341
-
6
Alligators,
256
-
8
and
263
Alopecias vulpes
,
252
Amœba
, apparent intelligence of,
21
Anemones, sea,
233
,
234
Anger, of
ants
and
bees
,
see
under;
of fish,
246
,
247
;
of monkeys,
478
,
479
and
484
-
96
Angler-fish,
247
,
248
Annelida
, apparent intelligence of,
24
Antennæ, effects of removal in ants,
142
;
in bees,
197
Antithesis, principle of, in expression of emotions by monkeys,
494
,
495
Ant-lion,
234
,
235
Ants, powers of special sense,
31
-
37
;
of sight,
31
-
33
;
of hearing,
33
;
of smell,
33
-
37
;
sense of direction,
37
,
38
;
memory,
39
-
45
;
recognition of companions and nest-mates,
41
-
45
;
emotions,
45
-
49
;
affection,
45
-
48
;
sympathy,
48
,
49
;
communication,
49
-
57
;
habits general in sundry species,
57
-
93
;
swarming,
57
,
58
;
nursing,
58
,
59
;
education,
59
,
60
;
keeping aphides,
60
-
64
;
making slaves,
64
-
68
;
wars,
68
-
83
;
keeping domestic pets,
83
,
84
;
sleep and cleanliness,
84
-
7
;
play and leisure,
87
-
89
;
funeral habits,
89
-
93
;
habits peculiar to certain species,
93
-
122
;
leaf-cutting,
93
-
96
;
harvesting,
96
-
110
;
African,
110
,
111
;
tree,
110
,
111
;
honey making,
111
-
114
and
142
;
ecitons, or military,
114
-
122
;
general intelligence,
122
-
142
;
Sir John Lubbock's experiments on intelligence,
123
-
128
;
intelligence displayed in architecture,
128
-
130
;
in using burrows made by elater larvæ,
130
;
in artificial hives,
130
;
in removing nest from shadow of tree,
131
;
in cutting leaves off overshadowing tree,
131
,
132
;
in bending blades of grass while cutting them,
132
,
133
;
in co-operating to glue leaves together,
133
,
134
;
in getting at food in difficult places,
134
,
135
;
in making bridges, &c.,
135
-
139
;
in tunnelling under rails,
140
;
anatomy and physiology of nerve-centres and sense organs,
140
-
2
Apes,
see
Monkeys
Arachnidæ
,
204
-
225
,
see
Spiders
and
Scorpions
Arago, his observation regarding sense of justice in dog,
443
Arderon, on taming a dace,
246
Argyroneta aquatica
,
212
Arn, Capt., on sword- and thresher-fish,
252
,
253
Articulata
,
see
under divisions of
Ass, general intelligence of,
328
and
333
Association of ideas,
see
under various animals
Ateuchus pilularius
,
226
Athealium
, apparent intelligence of,
19
-
20
Atkinson, the Rev. J. C., on reasoning power of a dog,
458
,
459
Audubon, on ants making beasts of burden of bugs,
68
;
plundering instincts of white-headed eagle,
284
;
variations in instinct of incubation,
299
,
300
Auk, nidification of,
292
Automatism, hypothesis of animal,
6
BABOON, sympathy shown by Arabian, 474; rage of, 478; revenge of, 478
Badcock, on dog making peace-offerings,
452
Baer, Van, on organisation of bee,
241
Backhouse, R. O., on dog being alarmed at a statue,
453
Bailey, Professor W. W., on dog stopping a runaway horse,
459
Baines, A. H., on dog communicating wants by signs,
446
,
447
Baker, on sticklebacks,
245
Baldamus, Dr., on cuckoo laying eggs coloured in imitation of those of the birds in whose nests they lay them,
307
Ball, Dr. Robert, on commensalism of crab and anemone,
234
Banks, Sir Joseph, on intelligence of tree-ants,
133
;
fish coming to sound of bell,
250
Bannister, Dr., on cat trying to catch image behind mirror,
415
,
416
;
on intelligence of the Eskimo dogs,
461
,
462
Barrett, W. F., on instincts of young alligator,
256
Barton, Dr., on alleged fascination by snakes,
264
Bastian, on termites,
198
Bates, on ants' habit of keeping pets,
84
;
cleaning one another,
87
;
play and leisure,
88
,
89
;
leaf-cutting,
93
-
95
;
tunnelling,
99
;
ecitons,
114
-
21
;
on sand-wasp taking bearings to remember precise locality,
150
;
mygale eating humming-birds,
208
;
on nidification of small crustacean,
232
,
233
;
habits of turtles, and alligators,
257
,
258
;
intelligence of vultures,
314
;
bats sucking blood,
341
Batrachians,
254
,
255
Bats,
341
Baya-bird, nidification of,
294
Bears,
350
-
352
Beattie, Dr., on dog communicating desires by signs,
447
Beaver,
367
-
85
;
breeding habits,
367
,
368
;
lodges,
368
-
73
;
dams,
373
-
79
;
canals,
379
-
83
;
general remarks upon,
368
,
377
,
379
,
383
;
age of their buildings,
384
;
effects of their buildings on the configuration of landscapes,
384
,
385
Bechstein, on birds dreaming,
312
Bee, mason,
178
,
179
;
tapestry,
179
;
carpenter,
179
;
rose,
179
;
carding,
179
,
180
Bees, sense of sight,
143
,
144
;
of smell and hearing,
144
;
of direction,
144
-
51
;
remembering exact locality of absent hive,
148
-
49
;
following floating hives,
149
;
memory,
151
-
55
;
sympathy,
155
,
156
;
distances over which they forage,
150
;
powers of communication,
156
-
60
;
economy of hive,
160
-
8
;
food and rearing,
160
-
163
;
swarming and battles of queens,
163
,
164
;
drone-killing,
164
-
68
;
plunder and wars,
168
-
170
;
architecture,
170
-
8
;
way-finding,
181
,
182
;
instinct of neuters,
181
;
recognising companions,
183
,
184
;
barricading doors against moths,
184
,
185
;
strengthening combs in danger of falling,
185
,
186
;
mode of dealing with surfaces of glass,
186
;
with strange hives,
186
,
187
;
evacuating fallen hive,
187
;
ceasing to store honey in Barbadoes and California,
187
,
188
;
recognising persons,
188
,
189
;
biting holes in corollas,
189
;
ventilating hives,
191
,
192
;
covering slugs, &c., with propolis,
190
,
191
;
effects of removing antennæ,
197
Beetles,
see
Coleoptera
Belshaw, on cat knocking knockers,
422
Belt, on ants, duration of memory in,
39
,
40
;
sympathy,
48
;
division of labour,
99
;
ecitons,
114
-
19
and
138
;
tunnelling under rails,
140
;
on sand-wasp taking precise bearings to remember locality,
150
,
151
;
struggle between wasps and ants for secretion of frog-hoppers,
194
,
195
;
intelligence of spiders in protecting themselves from ecitons,
219
,
220
;
beetles undermining stick supporting a dead toad,
228
;
intelligence of monkeys,
480
Benedictson, on navigating habits of Iceland mice,
364
,
365
Bennet, on birds dreaming,
312
Bennett, on conjugal fidelity of duck,
270
,
271
Berkeley, G., on beetle storing its food,
228
,
229
Bettziech-Beta, on termites,
199
Bidie, on suicide of scorpion,
222
,
223
;
on reasoning power of cat,
415
Bingley, on intelligence of ants,
133
;
carpenter-bees,
179
;
account of alleged training of bees,
189
;
co-operation of beetles,
226
,
227
;
ant-lion,
230
,
235
;
domestication of toad,
255
;
fascination by snakes,
264
;
sympathy in birds,
272
;
eccentricity of nest building instinct,
295
;
education of birds,
312
;
pigs pointing game,
339
,
340
;
intelligence of otter,
346
;
memory of elephant,
387
;
vindictiveness of elephant,
387
,
389
;
elephants enduring surgical operations,
399
,
400
Bird, Miss, on combined action of crows in obtaining food from dogs,
320
Birds,
266
-
325
;
memory of,
266
-
70
;
emotions,
270
-
82
;
special habits of procuring food,
283
-
6
;
of incubation and taking care of offspring,
287
-
310
;
general intelligence,
310
-
25
;
dreaming and imagination,
311
-
12
;
learning to avoid telegraph wires,
313
;
recognising painting of birds,
311
;
submitting to surgical operation,
313
-
14
;
honey-guide,
315
-
16
;
appreciation of mechanical appliances,
315
-
16
;
concerted action,
318
-
322
Birgus latro
,
233
Bison,
334
-
5
Blackbirds, breaking shells against stones,
283
;
removing eggs,
289
;
mobbing cat,
291
Blackburn, Professor H., on distances over which bees forage,
150
Blackman, on cats learning to beg for food,
414
-
15
Blackwall, on early display of instincts by spiders,
216
Blanchard, on mason-bee,
178
Blood, on reasoning power of a dog,
464
Boa-constrictor, really a
Python
, which
see
Bodley, W. H., on dogs crossing a river to fight undisturbed,
451
-
2
Bold, on canary singing against own image in mirror,
276
Bombyx moth, larva of,
238
-
40
Bonnet, on spider following her eggs into pit of ant-lion,
205
;
his experiments on instincts of caterpillars,
236
;
observations on ditto,
238
Boobies, plundered by frigate pelicans,
284
Bosc, on migrating fish,
248
Bower-bird, instincts of,
279
-
81
,
325
Bowman, Parker, his cat opening swivel of window,
425
Boys, C. V., his experiments with a tuning-fork on spiders,
206
,
207
Brehm, on wasps recognising persons,
188
;
intelligence of lapwing,
315
,
316
;
curiosity of monkeys,
477
Broderip, on vindictiveness of elephant,
389
Brodie, Sir B., his definition of instinct,
15
;
on bees strengthening their combs,
185
,
186
Brofft, Herr L., on powers of communication in bees,
160
Brougham, Lord, on hexagonal form of bees' cells,
172
;
on intelligence of a dog,
450
Brown, Capt., on vindictiveness of a stork,
277
-
8
Brown, W., on a cat extinguishing fire by water,
425
Browne, Dr. Crichton, on cat ringing bell,
423
Browne, Murray, on fox allowing itself to be extricated from trap,
431
Browning, A. H., on intelligence of a dog,
450
Brydon, Dr., on collective instinct of jackals,
434
Buchanan, Dr., on climbing perch,
249
;
on nidification of baya-bird,
294
Büchner, Professor,
on ants:
nursing habits,
59
;
stocking trees with aphides,
63
;
warfare,
71
-
9
;
play,
87
-
88
;
leaf cutting,
95
-
96
;
intelligence in making a bridge of aphides over tar,
136
;
of themselves over a space,
136
-
37
;
and of a straw over water,
137
;
ecitons,
139
;
anatomy and physiology of brain,
141
-
42
.
On bees and wasps:
powers of communication,
158
-
60
;
swarming habits,
168
;
wars and plunder,
169
;
cell-building,
177
-
78
;
evacuating dangerous hive,
187
;
keeping hives clean,
190
;
carrying dead from hive and burying them,
191
;
ventilating hives,
191
-
92
;
hornet and wasp dismembering heavy prey, and carrying it to an eminence in order to fly away with it,
196
.
On termites,
198
-
202
.
On spiders:
web-building,
211
-
12
;
wolf spider,
213
;
trap-door spiders,
217
-
18
;
intelligence of a spider habitually fed by Dr. Moschkau,
218
-
19
;
spiders weighting their webs,
221
.
On beetles:
co-operation of,
227
-
28
Buck, E. C., on intelligence of crocodiles,
263
;
on collective instinct of wolves,
433
;
on combined action of pelicans,
319
Buckland, F., on pigeon remembering voice of mistress,
266
;
crows breaking shells by dropping them on stones,
283
;
birds avoiding telegraph wires,
313
Buckley, on harvesting ants,
103
Buckton, G. B., on caterpillars,
236
Buffalo,
335
-
37
Buffon, on hexagonal form of bees' cells,
171
-
72
;
association of ideas in parrot,
269
;
sympathy in ditto,
275
;
goat sucker removing eggs,
289
Bufo obstetricans
,
254
Bull, intelligence of,
338
Burmeister, on powers of communication in ants,
49
Byron, Lord, lines on alleged tendency to scorpion to commit suicide,
222
CADDIS-WORMS, 240
Cairns, Mr. W., on reasoning power of a dog,
461
Campbell, Mrs. G. M. F., on intelligence of goose,
316
Canary, jealousy of,
276
;
modification of incubating instinct in cage,
287
;
flying against mirror,
311
;
trained,
312
Canning, J., his dog knowing value of different coins,
452
-
3
Carassius auratus
,
246
Carbonnier, M., on telescope-fish,
246
Carlisle, Bishop of, on congregation or court held by jackdaws,
324
Carpenter, Dr., on intelligence of rats,
361
Carreri, Gernelli, on monkeys thrusting stones between oyster-shells to keep them from closing,
481
Carter, H. J., on apparent intelligence of
athealium
,
19
;
of
actinophrys
and
amœba
,
20
-
1
Carus, Professor, on spiders weighting their webs,
221
Cat, the,
411
-
25
;
general remarks upon,
411
-
14
;
emotions of,
412
-
13
;
general intelligence of,
413
-
25
;
showing zoological discrimination,
414
;
punishing kittens for misbehaviour,
414
;
begging for food,
414
-
15
;
feeding kittens on bread when milk fails,
415
;
carrying kittens to be protected by master,
415
;
trying to catch image behind mirror,
416
;
communicating by signs,
419
;
devices for catching prey,
417
-
20
;
appreciation of mechanical appliances,
420
-
25
;
extinguishing fire by water,
425
Caterpillars, instinct of assisted by intelligence,
236
-
8
;
migrating,
238
-
40
Catesby, on co-operation of beetles,
226
,
227
;
on frigate-pelican plundering boobies,
284
Cattle, fear exhibited by in slaughterhouses,
334
;
pride of,
334
Cebus fatuellus
, observations on intelligence of,
484
-
98
Cecil, H., on tactics displayed by hunting wasps,
194
Cephalopoda
, intelligence of,
29
-
30
Cetacea
,
327
-
28
Challenge, mode of, in gulls,
291
Charming of snakes,
264
Cheiroptera
,
341
Chelmon rostratus
,
248
Chimpanzee, play of,
476
-
77
Chinese swallow, nidification of,
292
Chironectes
,
243
Choice, as evidence of mind,
2
Clark, G., on intelligence of a bat,
341
Clark, Rev. H., on harvesting ants,
99
;
on dog recognising portrait,
454
-
5
Clarville, on co-operation of beetles,
228
Clavigero, on sympathy of pelicans for wounded companions,
275
Claypole, on intelligence of horse,
331
-
2
Cnethocampii pitzocampa
,
244
Cobra, sexual affection of,
256
;
charming,
265
;
intelligence of,
262
Cock, domestic, killing hen upon hatching out eggs of other birds,
278
Cœlenterata
, movements of, and question concerning their intelligence,
22
Coleoptera
,
226
-
9
;
co-operation of,
226
-
8
;
other instances of intelligence,
228
-
9
Colquhoun, on reasoning power of a dog,
463
-
4
Commensalism, between crab and anemone, and between mollusk and anemone,
233
Communication,
see
Co-operation
Concerted action,
see
Co-operation
Cones, Captain Elliot, on intelligence of wolverine,
348
-
50
Conilurus constructor
,
326
Conklin, W. A., on elephants thatching their backs,
409
Consciousness, as evidence of mind,
2
;
gradual dawn of,
13
Conte, John Le, on reasoning power of a dog,
460
-
1
Cook, Capt., on tree ants,
111
;
intelligence of tree-ants,
133
Cook, George, on dog dragging mat about to lie upon,
466
Co-operation,
of ants,
48
-
49
,
51
-
59
,
64
et seq.
(in making slaves and waging war),
85
-
96
;
(in sundry occupations),
96
-
100
;
(in harvesting),
108
-
10
,
111
-
14
;
(of apparently different species),
114
-
122
;
(of military ants),
127
-
30
,
132
-
4
,
136
-
40
;
of bees,
159
-
74
;
(in general work, wars, and architecture),
177
,
178
,
184
-
6
,
190
-
2
;
of termites,
198
-
203
;
of beetles,
226
-
8
; of birds,
318
-
22
;
of horses and asses,
333
;
of bison and buffalo,
335
;
of pigs,
339
;
of rats,
361
,
362
;
of mice,
364
;
of beavers,
367
-
83
;
of elephants,
401
;
of foxes,
433
;
of wolves,
433
and
436
;
of jackals,
432
-
5
;
of baboons,
483
Corse, on memory of elephant,
386
,
387
;
emotions of elephant,
393
Couch, on maternal instinct of hen,
272
;
mode in which guillemots catch fish,
285
;
mode of escape practised by swan,
290
;
birds removing dung from neighbourhood of their nests,
290
;
blackbirds mobbing cat,
291
;
nidification of swan,
296
-
8
;
crows punishing offenders,
323
-
4
;
intelligence of hare,
359
;
cat unlocking door,
424
;
fox avoiding trap,
428
;
catching crabs with tail,
432
;
mode by which a dog killed crabs,
459
Corvus cornice
, punishing offenders,
323
,
324
Cowper, on intelligence of hare,
359
,
360
Cox, C., playhouses of bower-birds presented by him to Sydney Museum,
280
Crabs,
231
-
4
Craven, on intelligence of a sow,
340
Crehore, on foxes avoiding traps,
428
,
429
;
on dog recognising portrait,
453
Cripps, his elephant dying under emotional disturbance,
396
Criterion of mind,
4
-
8
Crocodiles,
263
Crow, Capt. Hugh, on sympathy shown by monkeys for sick companion,
473
,
474
Crows, memory of,
266
;
breaking shells by dropping them on the stones,
283
;
punishing offenders,
323
-
5
Cruelty, of cat,
413
Crustacea,
231
-
34
Cuckoo, parasitic instincts of,
301
-
7
;
eggs of coloured like those of the bird in whose nest they are laid,
307
-
9
;
American,
305
,
306
Curiosity, of fish,
247
;
of birds,
278
,
279
;
of ruminants and swine,
335
;
of monkeys,
477
Curlew, nidification of,
292
Cuvier, his orang drawing chair to stand upon to reach a latch,
481
;
on birds dreaming,
312
DACE, tamed, 246
Daldorff, on climbing perch,
248
,
249
Dampier, on frigate-pelicans plundering boobies,
284
;
on monkeys hammering oyster shells with stones,
481
Daphnia pulex
, seeking light, especially yellow ray,
23
Darwin, Charles, on apparent intelligence of worms,
24
;
of oyster,
25
;
of snail,
27
;
Mr. Hague's letter to, on powers of communication in ants,
54
-
7
;
observations on ants keeping aphides,
60
,
61
;
on ants making slaves,
64
,
66
,
67
;
communications of Lincecum to, on harvesting ants,
103
,
107
;
on proportional size of ants' brain,
140
;
communication of Müller on powers of communication in bees,
157
;
origin and development of cell-making instinct,
173
-
7
;
instincts of neuters,
181
;
quotation in MS. from Sir B. Brodie on bees supporting their combs,
185
-
6
;
his 'law of battle' in relation to spiders,
205
;
intelligence of crab,
233
;
his theory of sexual selection,
279
-
82
;
sense of smell in vultures,
286
;
on Wallace's theory of correlation between colour of sitting birds and form of their nests,
299
;
instincts of cuckoo,
304
-
6
;
birds dreaming,
312
;
Gauchos taming wild horses,
329
;
memory of horse,
330
;
intelligence of bear,
352
;
of elephant,
398
,
402
;
collective instinct of wolves,
436
;
duration of memory in dogs,
438
;
intelligence of Eskimo dogs,
462
;
reasoning of retriever,
463
-
4
;
maternal care and grief of monkey,
472
;
sense of ludicrous in monkeys,
476
;
curiosity and imitativeness of monkeys,
477
;
imitativeness of man,
477
-
8
;
intelligent observation displayed by monkeys,
479
,
480
Darwin, Erasmus, on bees ceasing to store honey in Barbadoes,
187
;
wasp dismembering fly to facilitate carriage,
195
;
unmoulted crab guarding moulted,
233
;
crows breaking shells by dropping them on stones,
283
;
bird shaking seed out of poppy,
286
;
elephant acting nurse to young child,
408
Darwin, F., on bees biting holes through corollas,
189
Davis, on instincts of larvæ of bombyx moth,
239
Davy, Dr., on instincts of alligators,
256
,
257
;
taming cobra,
265
;
performing operation on elephants,
400
Davy, Sir H., on eagles teaching young to fly,
290
Day, F., on intelligence of fish,
244
-
52
Deceitfulness, of elephant 410;
of dog,
443
,
444
,
450
-
52
,
457
,
458
;
of monkey,
494
Deer, intelligence of,
336
,
338
,
339
De Fravière, on powers of communication in bees,
158
;
their scouts,
168
Descartes, his hypothesis of animal automatism,
6
Dicquemase, on intelligence of oyster,
25
Dipterous insects, intelligence in finding way out of a bell-jar,
153
,
154
;
gad-fly,
230
;
house-fly,
230
,
231
Division of labour,
see
Co-operation
Dog, ringing bell,
423
;
knocking knocker,
423
;
collective instinct of,
435
,
436
;
general remarks on psychology of, as influenced by domestication,
437
,
438
;
memory of,
438
;
emotions of,
438
-
45
;
pride and sensitiveness,
439
-
42
;
intolerance of pain,
441
;
emulation and jealousy,
442
,
443
;
sense of justice,
443
;
deceitfulness,
443
,
444
;
sense of ludicrous and dislike of ridicule,
444
,
445
;
general intelligence of,
445
-
70
;
communicating ideas,
445
-
7
;
instances of reason,
447
-
69
Dolomedes fimbriata
,
213
Doras
,
248
D'Osbonville, on monkeys administering corporal chastisement to their young,
482
,
483
Dreaming, of birds,
269
,
312
;
of ferrets,
347
Duchemin, M., on toads killing carp,
254
Duck, conjugal fidelity of,
270
,
271
;
conveying young on back,
289
Dugardin, on communication among ants,
49
;
in bees,
156
Duncan, on cunning of a dog,
451
Dzierzon, on cause determining sex of bees' eggs,
162
;
bees repairing injuries to their cells,
186
EAGLE, plundering instinct of white-headed, 284; teaching young to fly, 290; variations in nest-building, 299; submitting to surgical operations, 313, 314
Earwig,
229
,
230
Ebrard, on co-operation of ants,
132
Echinodermata
, movements of,
23
Edmonson, Dr., on crows punishing offenders,
323
,
324
Edward, on intelligence of frogs,
255
;
sympathy of terns for wounded companion,
274
,
275
;
crows breaking shells by dropping them on stones,
283
;
co-operation of turnstones,
321
Edward, H., on honey-making ants,
111
-
14
Eimer, Dr., on voluntary and involuntary movements of
Medusæ
,
22
,
23
Elephant, general remarks upon,
386
;
memory of,
386
,
387
;
emotions of,
387
-
96
;
vindictiveness,
387
-
9
;
sympathy,
389
-
90
;
rogue,
393
,
394
;
dying under effects of emotion,
395
,
396
;
general intelligence of,
396
-
410
;
enduring surgical operations,
399
-
400
;
vigilance,
401
;
formation of abstract ideas,
401
,
402
;
intelligence of tame decoys,
402
-
6
;
of tame workers,
306
-
8
;
thatching their backs,
308
,
309
;
removing leeches, and fanning away flies,
309
,
310
;
concealing theft,
410
Ellendorf, Dr. F., on leaf-cutting ants,
95
,
96
;
on ants making a bridge,
137
Elliot, on collective instinct of wolves,
433
Emery, J., on powers of communication in bees,
157
Emulation, of birds,
277
;
of dogs,
442
Encyclopædia Britannica, on bees following floating hives,
149
;
battles of queen-bees,
163
,
164
;
parasitic instincts in birds,
306
Endurance, of pain by wild dogs,
441
;
of surgical operations by eagle,
313
,
314
;
by elephants,
399
,
400
;
by monkey,
482
Engelmann, on
Daphnia pulex
seeking yellow light,
23
Epeira aurelia
, Mr. F. Pollock on perfection of web built by young,
217
Erb, G. S., on intelligence of deer,
338
,
339
Esox lucius
,
246
Espinas, on co-operation of ants,
130
FABRE, on instincts of sphex-wasp, 180, 181
Faister, Mdlle de, her tame weasel,
346
Falcon, variations in nest-building,
299
Faraday, J., on intelligence of skate,
251
Fascination, alleged, by snakes,
263
,
264
Fayrer, Sir J., on fascination by and charming of snakes,
264
Fear, in horses,
329
;
in ruminants,
334
;
in rabbits,
355
;
in rats,
360
excited in dogs by portraits,
455
-
7
;
in monkey by snakes,
477
,
and by imitation monkey,
495
Ferret,
347
Fire-flies, stuck on nests by baya-birds,
294
Fish,
241
-
53
;
comparison of brain with that of invertebrata,
241
;
emotions,
242
-
7
;
nidification, courtship, and care of young,
242
-
6
;
pugnacity, and social feelings,
242
;
anger,
246
,
247
;
play, jealousy, curiosity,
247
;
angler,
247
,
248
;
jaculator,
248
;
travelling over land,
248
;
climbing trees,
248
,
249
;
migrations,
249
,
250
;
general intelligence,
250
-
53
Fisher, J. F., on hen removing eggs with her neck,
288
Fleeson, Captain B., on honey-making ants,
111
-
14
Fleming, W. J., on intelligence of horse,
330
Fleury, Cardinal, on intelligence of ants in making bridges,
135
Forbes, on nidification of tailor-bird,
293
Forbes, James, on monkey begging for dead body of companion,
472
Forel, on ants;
recognising slaves,
43
;
and fellow-citizens,
44
;
swarming habits,
58
;
experiment in rearing together hostile species,
59
,
60
;
tunnelling to obtain aphides,
61
;
warfare,
68
-
77
;
play,
88
;
intelligence shown in architecture,
129
Forsteal, on termites,
198
Forster, W., on intelligence of a bull,
338
Fothergill, Percival, on reasoning power of a dog,
466
Fouillouse, J. de, on intelligence of hares,
357
,
358
Fox,
426
-
33
;
lying in wait for hares,
426
,
427
;
avoiding traps,
427
-
30
;
allowing itself to be extricated from trap,
431
;
catching crabs with tail,
432
;
collective instinct in hunting,
433
Fox, C., on intelligence of porpoises,
328
Frankland, Mrs., on cock bullfinch recognising portrait of hen,
311
Franklin, on powers of communication in ants,
49
Franklin, Dr., on sympathy in parrots,
276
Frogs,
254
,
255
Frost, Dr., on cat sprinkling crumbs to attract birds,
418
,
419
Furniss, J. J., on elephants thatching their backs,
408
,
409
GAD-FLY, instinct of, 230
Gander,
see
Goose
Gaphaus, H. A., on cat opening thumb-latch,
421
Gardener, on intelligence of crab,
233
Garraway, Dr., on beetle concealing its store of food,
229
Gasteropoda
, intelligence of,
26
-
29
Gasterosteus pungitius
,
243
;
G. spinachia
,
243
Geer, M., on earwig incubating young,
229
Gelasimus
,
233
Gentles, W. Laurie, on intelligence of a sheep-dog,
448
,
449
Geoffrey, on pilot fish,
252
Gibbons, their sympathy for suffering companions,
472
,
473
Gleditsch, on beetles undermining stick supporting a dead toad,
228
;
on spiders weighting their webs,
221
Glutton,
347
-
50
Goat, intelligence of,
337
,
338
Goat-sucker, removing eggs,
289
;
nidification of,
292
Goldfinch, trained,
312
Goldsmith on habits of rooks,
322
,
323
Goldsmith, Dr., on intelligence of otter,
346
Gollitz, Herr, on co-operation of beetles,
227
Goodbehere, S., on intelligence of a pony and ass,
332
,
333
;
on cunning of sheep-killing dogs,
450
;
on dog knowing value of different coins,
452
,
453
Goose, affection and sympathy of,
272
,
273
;
removing eggs from rats,
288
;
noting time,
314
;
opening latch of gate,
316
Gosse, on commensalism of crab and anemone,
234
Gould, on bower-bird,
279
-
81
;
on humming-birds,
281
;
on talegallus,
294
,
295
Graber, Titus, on proportional size of ant's brain,
141
Grapsus stringosus
,
231
Gray, Sir George, on nidification of talegallus,
295
Gredler, Vincent, on division of labour among leaf-cutting ants,
99
,
100
Green, on intelligence of pigs,
339
Green, Seth, on tactics displayed by hunting wasps,
193
Griffiths, on intelligence of elephant,
388
,
389
Grosbeak, nidification of,
295
,
296
Grouse, learning to avoid telegraph wires,
312
,
313
Groves, J. B., on cat trying to catch image behind mirror,
416
Guana,
see
Reptiles
Guerinzius, on wasps recognising persons,
188
Guillemots, plundering of by gulls,
283
,
284
;
mode of catching fish,
285
Gulls, plundering guillemots,
283
,
284
;
mode of challenge,
291
;
nidification,
292
Guring, Thomas, on intelligence of geese,
314
,
315
HAGEN, on termites, 202
Hague, on powers of communication in ants,
54
-
7
Hamilton, R., on fear exhibited by cattle in slaughterhouses,
334
Hancock, Dr., on fish quitting water,
248
;
crows breaking shells by dropping them on stones,
283
Harding, S., on intelligence of a pig,
340
Hare,
357
-
60
Hartmann, Von, his definition of instinct,
15
;
on fondness of spiders for music,
206
Harvesting-ants,
96
-
110
;
mice,
365
,
366
Hawkshaw, J. Clarke, on limpet remembering locality,
28
-
9
Hayden, on monkey keeping door open with blanket,
481
Hayes, Dr., on intelligence of Eskimo dogs,
462
Helix pomatia
, intelligence of,
26
,
27
Hemerobius chrysops
,
240
Hen, maternal instinct of,
272
;
removing eggs with neck,
288
;
and young chicken on back,
288
,
289
Henderson, on navigating habits of Iceland mice,
364
,
365
Heron, variations in nest-building,
299
Hogg, on intelligence of his sheep-dog,
448
Holden, on starlings learning to avoid telegraph wires,
312
,
313
Hollmann, on intelligence of
octopus
,
30
Homarus marinus
,
233
Hooker, Sir Joseph, on navigating habits of Iceland mice,
364
Hooper, W. F., on intelligence of a dog,
463
Horn, Mrs., on reasoning powers of a dog,
462
Hornet, carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away with it,
196
Horse, emotions of,
328
-
30
;
memory,
330
;
general intelligence,
328
,
330
-
3
Horse-fly, tamed,
230
,
231
Horsfall, on dog finding his way about by train,
467
,
468
Hoste, Sir W., on wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman,
476
Houzeau, on hen transporting young chicken on her back,
288
,
289
;
parrots not being deceived by mirrors,
310
,
311
;
birds dreaming,
312
;
mules counting their journeys,
332
;
monkeys destroying poison-fangs of snakes,
483
Hubbard, Mrs., on intelligence of a cat,
414
Huber, Bishop, on sympathy of elephant,
389
Huber, F. and P., on instinct,
16
.
On ants:
sense of smell in,
33
;
recognising companions,
41
;
powers of communication,
49
,
50
;
observations on slave-making instinct,
65
;
on warfare,
76
;
play,
87
,
88
;
harvesting,
97
;
carrying one another,
109
;
intelligence shown in architecture,
128
,
129
.
On bees:
sense of hearing in,
144
;
duration of memory,
155
;
powers of communication,
156
,
159
;
manipulation and uses of propolis,
161
;
battles of queen-bees,
164
,
165
;
form of cells,
173
;
building cells,
177
,
178
;
barricading doors against moths,
184
;
strengthening combs,
185
;
biting holes in corollas,
189
;
ventilating hives,
191
,
192
;
effects of removing antennæ of bees,
197
Hudson, on habits of
Melothrus
,
309
,
310
Hugen, on termites,
198
Humboldt, on instincts of young turtles,
257
Humming-birds, æsthetic instincts of,
281
Hutchings, J., on intelligence of a cat,
417
Hutchinson, on alleged tendency of scorpion to commit suicide,
225
Hutchinson, Col., on reasoning power of a dog,
463
,
464
Hutchinson, Dr. H. F., on wolf-spider stalking own image in mirror,
213
Hutchinson, S. J., on intelligence of polar bear,
351
,
352
Hutton, Mrs., on ants burying their dead,
91
,
92
Hydrargrza
,
248
Hymenoptera
,
see
Ants
and
Bees
IBEX, does assisting wounded buck to escape, 334
Idealism, cannot be refuted by argument,
6
Ideas,
see
Association
Imitation, shown by talking birds, monkeys, and idiots,
477
,
478
Instinct, defined and distinguished from reason and reflex action,
10
-
17
;
of medusæ,
23
;
of worms,
24
;
of mollusca,
25
;
of ants with reference to colour,
32
,
33
;
to smell,
33
-
7
;
to sense of direction,
37
-
9
;
to recognising friends,
41
-
5
;
to swarming,
57
,
58
;
to nursing,
58
;
to education,
59
,
60
;
to keeping aphides,
60
-
4
;
to making slaves,
64
-
8
;
to wars,
68
-
83
;
to keeping pets,
83
,
84
;
to sleep and cleanliness,
84
-
7
;
to play and leisure,
87
-
9
;
to treatment of dead,
89
-
93
;
of leaf-cutting species,
93
-
6
;
of harvesting species,
97
-
110
;
of tree-inhabiting species,
110
,
111
;
of honey-making species,
111
-
14
;
of ecitons,
114
-
22
;
of driver and marching species,
121
-
2
;
of bees and wasps, with reference to colour,
143
-
4
;
to sense of direction,
144
-
51
;
to food-collecting and wax-making,
160
-
2
;
to propagation,
162
-
8
;
of queens,
162
-
5
;
of killing drones,
165
-
8
;
with reference to wars,
169
,
170
;
to architecture,
170
-
80
;
of sphex-wasp,
180
,
181
;
of termites,
198
-
203
;
of spiders,
204
-
18
;
of scorpion,
222
-
5
;
of beetles,
226
-
9
;
of earwig,
229
,
230
;
of flies,
230
,
231
;
of crustacea,
231
,
232
;
of larvæ,
234
-
40
;
of fish,
242
-
53
;
of batrachians,
254
;
of reptiles,
256
-
9
;
of birds, with reference to procuring food,
283
-
7
;
to incubation,
287
-
91
;
to nidification,
291
-
301
;
of cuckoo,
301
-
10
;
of marsupials,
320
;
of whale,
327
;
of ruminants,
335
;
of swine,
339
;
of bats,
341
;
of seals,
341
-
8
;
of wolverine,
348
-
50
;
of rodents,
353
,
354
;
of rabbit,
354
-
7
;
of hare,
354
-
9
;
of rats,
360
;
of mice,
364
-
5
;
of rat-hare,
365
,
366
;
of beaver, mixed with intelligence,
367
;
with reference to propagation and lodges,
367
-
71
;
to procuring food,
371
-
3
;
to dams,
373
-
80
;
to canals,
380
-
4
;
of cat,
411
-
12
;
of dog,
437
,
438
;
of monkey,
471
JACKAL, 426; collective instinct in hunting, 432-35
Jackdaw, gesticulating signs made by,
316
;
congregation for court held by,
324
Jacob, Sir G. Le Grand, on crows punishing offender,
324
-
5
;
ibexes assisting wounded mate to escape,
334
Japp, on dog spontaneously learning use of coin,
452
Jealousy, of fish,
242
;
of birds,
276
-
7
;
of horse,
329
,
330
;
of dogs,
442
,
443
;
of monkey,
493
Jenkins, H. L., on formation of abstract ideas by elephants,
401
,
402
Jenner, on instinct of young cuckoo,
301
-
4
Jerdon, Dr., on harvesting-ants,
97
;
on birds dreaming,
312
Jervoise, Sir J. C., on bee biting hole in a corolla,
189
;
on combined action of rooks in obtaining food from pheasants,
321
Jesse, on intelligence of bees in adapting their combs to smooth surface,
186
;
spider protecting eggs from cold,
219
;
tame house-fly,
230
,
231
;
affection of male for female pike,
246
;
attachment between alligator and cat,
258
,
259
;
conjugal fidelity of swan, and pigeon,
271
;
sympathy of rooks,
273
,
274
;
lapwing stamping on ground to make worms rise,
285
;
goose removing eggs from rats,
288
;
birds removing dung from neighbourhood of their nests,
290
;
swallows killing and imprisoning hostile sparrows,
318
,
319
;
kangaroo throwing young from pouch when pursued,
326
,
327
;
stag shaking berries from trees, and manifesting intelligence in escaping from dogs,
336
;
intelligence of buffalo,
336
,
337
;
intelligence of rats,
360
-
2
;
of elephants,
398
;
collective instinct of foxes,
433
;
wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman,
476
Jillson, Professor, on habits of the 'prairie-dog,' 366
John, St., on intelligence of fox,
426
,
427
;
idea of caste in dog,
442
Johnson, on termites,
198
;
on orang-outangs removing their dead companions,
472
Johnson, Capt., on wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman,
475
Johnson, Dr., his definition of reason,
14
KANGAROO, throwing young from pouch when pursued, 326, 327
Kaup, on fish,
246
Kemp, Dr. L., on battles of queen-bees,
164
;
robber bees,
170
;
on intelligence of decoy elephants,
402
Kent, Saville, on intelligence of porpoises,
327
,
328
Kesteven, Dr. W. H., on cat knocking knocker,
424
Kingfisher, nidification of,
292
Kirby, on water-spider,
212
;
shore crabs,
232
;
migration of salmon,
249
,
250
;
intelligence of carp,
250
Kirby and Spence, on powers of communication in ants,
49
;
sense of direction in bees,
148
;
hexagonal form of bees' cells,
172
;
ceasing to store honey in tropics,
188
;
co-operation of beetles,
226
;
caterpillars,
236
, and
238
,
239
Klein, Dr., on intelligence of a cat,
418
,
419
Kleine, Herr, on behaviour of bees when finding empty combs substituted for full ones,
186
,
187
Klingelhöffer, Herr, on co-operation of beetles,
227
-
8
König, on termites,
198
Kreplin, Herr H., on ecitons,
139
LABRUS, 247
Lacepède, on fish coming to sound of bell, &c.,
250
Lacerta iguana
,
255
Lagomys
, provident habits of,
365
Landois, on powers of communication in bees,
158
Langshaft, on bees recognising hive companions,
183
;
on robber bees,
183
-
4
Lapwing, stamping on ground to make worms rise,
285
;
intelligence of,
315
,
316
Larvæ, of insects, intelligence of,
234
-
40
Latreille, on ants, sympathy of,
47
Lauriston, Baron, on sympathy of elephant,
390
Layard, Consul, on intelligence of cobra,
262
;
on nidification of baya-bird,
294
;
on cat pulling bell-wire,
424
Lee, Mrs., on intelligence of robin,
314
;
of goats,
337
;
of rats,
361
;
on vindictiveness of elephant,
389
Leeches, apparent intelligence of,
24
Lefroy, Lieut-Gen, Sir John, on terrier communicating wants by signs,
446
Lehr, Herr H., on bees draining their hive,
190
Leroy, C. G.,
on nidification of birds,
300
;
on migration,
301
;
on collective instinct of wolves,
436
Lespès,
on ants:
slave-making instinct,
65
,
66
;
warfare,
68
,
69
;
division of labour,
98
,
99
;
on termites,
198
Leuckart, Prof., on intelligence of ants in surmounting obstacles,
135
Lever, Sir Ashton, his experiment on eccentricity of nest-building instinct,
295
Limpet, remembering locality,
28
,
29
Lincecum, Dr., on harvesting ants,
97
and
103
-
7
;
carrying one another,
109
Lindsay, Dr. L., on birds dreaming,
312
Linnæus, on swallows imprisoning sparrows,
318
Linnet, intelligence of in not flying against mirror,
311
;
trained,
312
Liparis chrysorrhaca
,
238
Livingstone, Dr., on certain ants of Africa,
110
;
honey-guide,
315
;
intelligence of buffalo,
335
,
336
;
reasoning power of dog,
457
Lobster,
233
Lockman, J., on fondness of pigeon for a particular air of music,
282
Lonsdale, on intelligence of snails,
27
Lophius piscator
,
247
-
8
Lophobranchiate fish, incubating eggs in mouth,
245
-
6
Loudoun's 'Magazine of Natural History,' quotations from,
357
Love-bird, conjugal affection of,
270
Löwenfels, Herr H., on a wasp dismembering a fly to facilitate carriage,
196
.
Lubbock, Sir John,
on ants:
sense of sight in,
32
;
of hearing,
33
;
of smell,
33
-
7
;
of direction,
37
-
8
;
recognising companions and nest-mates,
41
-
3
and
44
-
5
;
deficiency of affection and sympathy,
45
-
7
;
powers of communication,
50
-
3
;
collecting hatching eggs of aphides,
61
-
2
;
keeping pets,
84
;
general intelligence,
123
-
8
.
On bees and wasps:
sense of sight in,
143
;
of smell and hearing,
144
;
of direction,
144
-
8
;
memory,
151
-
4
;
taming wasps,
153
;
experiment on comparative intelligence of wasp and fly in finding way out of a bell-jar,
153
-
4
;
experiments to test sympathy,
155
-
6
;
way-finding,
181
-
3
;
recognising one another,
183
-
4
.
On co-operation of beetles,
226
.
Ludicrous, sense of,
in dogs,
444
-
5
;
in monkeys,
476
,
485
,
487
, and
490
Lukis, F. C., on limpet remembering locality,
29
MACLACHLAN, on caddis-worms, 244
Maclaurin, on mathematical principles observed by bees in constructing their cells,
171
Macropodus
,
244
Malcolm, Sir James, on sympathy shown by monkey,
474
-
5
Malle, Dureau de la, on dog knocking knocker,
423
-
4
;
collective instinct of dogs,
435
-
6
Mammals,
326
-
498
Mann, Mr. and Mrs., their tame snakes,
256
,
260
-
2
Mansfield, nest of fish,
242
-
43
Marsupials,
326
-
7
Martin, nidification of house,
292
;
of land,
292
Martin, John, on reasoning power of cat,
415
MacCook, the Rev. Dr.,
on ants: recognising fellow-citizens,
44
;
feeding comrades with aphides-secretion,
63
-
4
;
keeping cocci and caterpillars,
64
;
warfare,
78
,
81
-
3
;
sleep and cleanliness,
84
-
87
;
play,
88
;
funeral habits,
89
-
91
;
agricultural,
97
,
103
-
10
;
modes of mining,
108
;
swarming habits of agriculturals,
108
-
9
;
carrying one another,
109
-
10
;
removing nest from shade of tree,
131
;
cutting leaves from shading tree,
131
-
2
;
co-operation in cutting grass,
132
M'Crady, on larva of
Medusæ
sucking nutriment from parent,
34
Meek, his cat trying to catch image behind mirror,
415
-
16
Meenan, on a wasp carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away with it,
197
Melanerpes formicivorus
,
285
Melia tessellata
,
233
-
4
Melipona domestica
, form of its cells,
173
-
6
Melothrus
,
309
-
10
Memory,
of mollusca,
25
-
9
;
of ants,
39
-
45
;
of bees,
151
-
5
;
of beetles and earwig,
226
-
30
;
of batrachians,
255
;
of reptiles,
259
et seq.
;
of birds,
266
-
70
;
of horse,
330
;
of elephant,
386
-
7
;
of dog,
438
;
of monkey,
497
Menault,
on eagle submitting to surgical operation,
313
-
14
;
on mason bee,
178
-
9
Merian, Madame, on ants of visitation,
130
;
mygale spider eating humming-birds,
208
Merrell, Dr., on instinct of American cuckoo,
305
-
6
Mice,
360
-
4
Migration,
of caterpillars,
238
;
of crabs,
232
;
of fish,
248
-
50
;
of reptiles,
257
-
8
;
of birds,
266
;
of mammals,
341
-
50
, and
368
Mildmay, Sir Henry, on pigs learning to point game,
339
-
40
Mill, John S., on instinct of cruelty in man,
413
Miller, Prof., calculations regarding form of bee's cell,
173
Mind, subjective and objective analysis of,
1
;
evidence of,
2
;
criterion of,
4
-
8
Mischievousness, fondness of, shown by monkeys,
485
et seq.
Mitchell, on fish removing eggs from disturbed nest,
251
Mitchell, Major, on habits of
Conilurus constructor
,
326
Mivart, on instincts of sphex-wasps,
181
Mobbing instinct in birds,
291
Möbius, Prof., on commensalism between crab and anemone,
233
Moggridge,
on ants:
sympathy of,
48
;
suggestion to Mr. Hague,
56
;
warfare of,
79
-
81
;
keeping pets,
83
;
harvesting,
97
-
8
and
100
-
2
;
division of labour,
98
;
harvesters using burrows made by elater,
130
;
intelligent adaptation to artificial conditions,
130
;
co-operation in cutting grass, &c.,
133
.
On trap-door spiders covering trap-doors with moss, &c.,
214
-
15
;
making trap-door at exposed end of accidentally inverted tube,
215
-
216
;
perfection of dwellings built by young spiders,
216
-
17
;
manner in which instinct of making trap-doors probably arose,
217
-
18
Mollusca, intelligence of,
25
-
30
Monboddo, Lord, on snake finding way home,
262
Monkeys,
471
-
98
;
general remarks on psychology of,
471
and
497
-
98
;
emotions of,
471
-
8
;
affection and sympathy,
471
-
5
;
reproach,
475
-
6
;
ludicrous,
476
,
485
,
487
,
490
;
play,
476
-
77
;
curiosity,
477
;
imitation,
477
;
rage, jealousy, and revenge,
478
;
memory of,
497
;
general intelligence of,
478
;
behaviour with mirror,
478
-
9
and
495
-
6
;
picking shells off eggs, and taking care not to be stung by wasps in paper,
479
;
intelligence of Mr. Belt's,
480
;
disentangling chains,
480
and
486
-
8
;
raking in objects with sticks or cloths,
480
and
486
;
drawing chair to stand upon,
481
;
using levers,
481
and
492
;
using hammers,
481
and
485
;
divining principle of screw,
490
-
91
;
keeping door open with blanket,
481
-
2
;
allowing tooth to be drawn,
482
;
punishing young,
482
-
3
;
destroying snake's fangs,
483
;
concerted action,
483
;
love of mischief,
485
et seq.
;
throwing things in rage,
485
et seq.
;
pushing slab to which tied,
484
-
7
;
capricious attachments and dislikes,
484
et seq.
;
trying to unlock a box,
492
;
playing with fire,
493
-
4
;
expression of emotions,
494
-
5
;
dread of imitation monkey,
495
Morgan, L. A., on spider conveying insect to larder,
220
Morgan, L. H., on the beaver,
367
-
83
Moschkau, Dr., on intelligence shown by a spider which he habitually fed,
218
-
19
Moseley, Lewin, performing operation on a monkey,
482
Moseley, Prof., on intelligence of crabs,
231
-
2
Mossman, Rev. J. W., on wasps coming out of small aperture backwards,
192
-
3
Mule, alleged counting by,
332
;
intelligence of,
333
-
4
Müller, Adolph, on instinct of cuckoo,
306
-
7
Müller, F.,
on powers of communication in bees,
157
;
on termites,
198
and
201
Murray, S., intelligence of his dog,
450
Music, fondness of spiders for,
205
-
7
;
of parrots and pigeon,
282
Mygale spider eating humming-birds,
208
Myriophyllum spicatum
,
243
Myrmeleon formicarium
,
234
-
5
NADAULT, Madame, the association of ideas shown by her parrot, 269
Napier, Commander, on pigeon making a horse shake oats from nose-bag,
317
Napier, Lady, recollection in parrot,
269
,
270
;
emulation in parrot,
276
,
277
Nest,
see
Nidification
Newall, R. S., on wasp dividing caterpillar to facilitate carriage,
195
,
196
Newbury, on absence of beaver dams in California,
370
,
371
Newton, Professor A., on instincts of cuckoo,
306
-
9
Nichols, W. W., on intelligence of pigeons,
317
Nicols, A., on reasoning power of a retriever,
464
,
465
Nicrophorus
,
228
Nidification,
of crustacean,
232
,
233
;
of fish,
242
-
5
;
of birds,
291
-
301
;
petrels and puffins,
291
,
292
;
auks, curlew, goatsucker, ostrich, gulls, sandpipers, plovers, kingfisher, Chinese swallow, house-martin,
292
;
tomtit, woodpecker, starling, weaver,
293
;
baya, talegallus,
294
;
grosbeak,
295
,
296
;
swan,
296
-
8
;
Wallace's theories concerning,
298
,
299
;
variability of,
299
-
301
;
of harvesting mice,
365
Nightingales, removing nest,
289
Niphon, Professor, on intelligence of a mule,
333
,
334
Noctua Ewingii
,
238
Noctura verbasci
,
236
North, the Rev. W., on intelligence of mice,
361
,
362
Nottebohm, Herr, on ants stocking trees with aphides,
63
OBSTETRIC-FISH, 246; toad, 254
Octopus
, intelligence of,
29
,
30
Œcypoda ippeus
,
231
Oldham, A., on jealousy in dog,
442
,
443
Orang-outang, removing dead companions,
472
;
sense of humour in,
476
;
drawing chair to stand upon to reach high places,
481
Orthotomus
,
293
Ostrich, conjugal affection of,
270
;
nidification,
292
Otter,
346
Oyster, intelligence of,
25
PALLAS, on provident habits of Lagomys, 365
Parrot, memory of,
267
-
9
;
recollection,
269
,
270
;
talking, &c.,
267
-
70
;
sympathy,
275
,
276
;
exultation on baffling imitative powers of master,
277
;
vindictiveness,
277
;
fondness of music,
282
;
difficult to deceive by mirrors,
310
,
311
Parry, Captain, on instincts of wild swan,
297
Partridge, removing eggs,
289
Peach, C. W., on dog recognising portrait,
453
,
454
Peal, G. E., on elephants removing leeches and fanning away flies,
409
,
410
Pearson, Colonel, the reasoning power of his dog,
466
,
467
Peeweet,
see
Lapwing
.
Pelicans, sympathy of for wounded companions,
275
;
frigate,
284
;
combined action of in fishing,
319
Penky, the Rev. Mr., on reasoning power of a dog,
466
,
467
Pennant, on navigating habits of Iceland mice,
364
Pennent,
on domestication of toad,
255
;
on fascination by rattle-snake,
263
Perca scandens
,
248
,
249
Perception,
9
Perch, climbing,
248
,
249
Percival, Dr., on cock killing hen when she hatched out eggs of partridge,
278
Petrels, nidification of,
291
,
292
Phillips, J., his portrait-painting recognised by a dog,
454
Picton, Mrs. E., on sensitiveness of a terrier,
440
,
441
Pieris rapæ
,
236
Pigeon, memory of,
266
;
conjugal affection and fidelity,
270
,
271
;
fondness for a particular air of music,
282
;
intelligence in avoiding turtles,
317
;
in making horse shake oats from nose-bag,
317
Pigs,
339
-
41
Pike, affection of male for female,
246
Pilot-fish,
251
,
252
Pinnipeds, breeding habits of,
342
,
346
Pipe-fish,
246
Piracy, instinct of, in birds,
283
,
284
,
301
-
7
Pisces
,
see
Fish
Play,
of ants,
87
,
89
;
of fish,
242
;
of birds,
279
;
of porpoise,
327
,
328
;
of dogs,
445
;
of monkeys,
476
,
477
Pliny, on ants burying their dead,
91
;
sexual affection of snakes,
256
;
on intelligence of elephant,
386
;
on memory of elephant,
387
Ploceus textor
,
293
Plover,
see
Lapwing
;
nidification of,
292
Plutarch, on intelligence of elephant,
386
Podocerus capillatus
,
232
Polar bear,
352
,
353
Polecat, curious instinct of,
347
Polistes carnifex
, taking precise bearings to remember locality,
150
,
151
Polistes Gallica
, tamed by Sir John Lubbock,
153
;
robber,
169
Pollock, F., on perfection of webs built by young spiders,
217
Pollock, W., on association of ideas in parrot,
269
Polydectes cupulifer
,
233
Pope, on instinct and reason,
15
Porpoise, intelligence of,
327
,
328
Portraits, recognised by birds,
311
;
by dogs,
453
-
7
Pouchet, on improvement in nidification of swallows,
300
,
301
Powelsen, on navigating habits of Iceland mice,
364
Prairie dog,
366
Pride,
of birds,
279
;
of horse,
330
;
of ruminants,
334
;
of dog,
439
-
42
Prinia
,
293
Protozoa
, movements of,
18
;
apparent intelligence of,
19
-
21
Provident instincts,
of ants,
97
-
110
;
of bees,
160
-
162
;
of a bird,
285
;
of rodents,
353
,
354
, and
365
,
366
;
of beaver,
368
-
70
Puffins, nidification of,
291
,
292
Pugnacity,
of ants,
45
;
of bees,
165
-
70
;
of spiders,
204
-
5
;
of fish,
242
;
of seal,
341
-
6
;
of rabbits,
355
;
of rat-hare,
365
,
366
;
of canine animals,
426
Python, tame, affection of, &c.,
256
and
260
-
2
QUARTERLY REVIEW, on intelligence of rats, 360, 361
Quatrefages, on termites,
198
RABBIT, 354-7
Rabigot, on fondness of spiders for music,
206
Rae, Dr. John, on intelligence of horse,
331
;
of wolverine,
348
;
of wolves and foxes,
429
,
430
;
of dog,
465
,
466
Rae, on dog ringing bell,
423
Ransom, Dr., on sticklebacks,
245
Rarey, his method of taming horses,
328
,
329
Rats,
360
-
3
Rattlesnake, alleged fascination by,
263
Ravens, breaking shells by dropping them on stones,
283
Razor-fish, intelligence of,
25
Reason, definition of, and distinguished from instinct,
13
-
17
;
exhibitions of, by various animals,
see
under sections headed 'general intelligence'
Réaumur, on intelligence of ants,
128
;
sympathy of bees,
156
;
carpenter-bee,
179
;
encasing snail with propolis,
190
;
conveying carrion out of hive,
191
;
experiments on instincts of caterpillars,
237
;
on larvæ chasing aphides,
240
Reclain, Professor C., on spider descending to violin-player,
205
,
206
Recognition of persons,
by bees,
188
;
by snakes and tortoises,
259
-
61
;
of places, by mollusca,
27
-
9
;
by ants,
33
et seq.
;
by bees,
144
et seq.
;
of offspring, by earwig,
229
;
of portraits,
see
Birds
and
Dogs
;
of other members of a hive by ants and bees,
see
Ants and Bees
Reeks, H., on collective instinct of wolves,
436
Reflex action,
2
-
4
Reid, Dr., on mathematical principles observed by bees in constructing their cells,
171
Rengger, on maternal care and grief of a cebus,
472
;
monkeys displaying intelligent observation,
479
;
using levers,
481
Reproach, shown by gestures of monkeys 475-
478
Reptiles,
255
-
265
;
emotions of,
255
,
256
, and
260
-
2
;
incubating eggs, sexual and parental affection of,
256
;
general intelligence of,
256
-
263
;
fascination by,
263
,
264
;
charming of,
264
,
265
Reyne, his observations on snake-charming,
264
,
265
Rhizopoda
, apparent intelligence of,
19
-
21
Richards, Captain, on pilot-fish,
252
Richardson, Mrs. A. S. H.,
on elephant concealing theft,
410
;
on dog finding its way home by train,
468
,
469
Ridicule, dislike of, by dogs and monkeys,
see
Ludicrous
Risso, M., on habits of pipe-fish,
246
Robertson, Professor G. Croora, on behaviour of an ape with a mirror,
478
,
479
Robin, intelligence of,
314
Rodents,
353
Rodwell, on intelligence of rats,
360
-
2
Rogue-elephants,
see
Elephant
Romanes, Miss C.,
on dog recognising portrait,
455
,
456
;
on intelligence of cebus,
484
-
95
Romanes, G. J., on movements of rotifer,
18
,
19
;
of medusæ,
22
;
of echinodermata,
23
;
emotions of stickleback,
246
,
247
;
piracy of terns and gulls,
283
-
4
;
mode of challenge practised by gulls,
291
;
birds deceived by mirrors,
311
;
grouse learning to avoid telegraph wires,
313
;
intelligence of horse,
330
;
intelligence of ferrets,
347
;
instincts of rabbits,
354
;
intelligence of rabbits,
354
,
355
;
rabbits fighting rats,
355
;
drawing dead companions out of holes,
356
,
357
;
intelligence of hare,
357
;
hares and rabbits allowing themselves to be caught by weasels,
359
;
rats using their tails for feeding purposes,
363
;
cat opening thumb-latch,
420
,
421
;
collective instinct of jackals,
434
,
435
;
of dogs,
435
;
duration of memory in dog,
438
;
pride and sensitiveness in dog,
439
,
440
;
intolerance of dog towards pain,
441
;
emulation and jealousy in dog,
442
;
deceitfulness and dislike of ridicule in dog,
444
;
sense of ludicrous in dog,
444
,
445
;
dogs communicating ideas,
445
,
446
;
dogs slipping into their collars to conceal their sheep-killing, &c.,
435
and
450
,
451
;
dog recognising portrait,
456
,
457
;
reasoning of dog,
457
,
458
;
caution of a dog in killing snakes,
460
;
sympathy of an Arabian baboon,
474
;
sense of ludicrous and dislike of ridicule in monkey,
476
;
intelligence of
Cebus fatuellus
,
484
-
98
Rooks, sympathy of, for wounded companions,
273
,
274
;
concerted action of, in obtaining food from dogs,
319
,
320
;
from pheasants,
321
;
nesting habits and punishment of culprits,
322
-
5
Rotifera
, movements of,
18
Ruminants,
334
Russell, Lord Arthur, witnessing tameness of snakes,
261
SAGARTIA parasitica, 234
Salmon, migration of,
249
,
250
Salticus scenicus
,
213
Sandpipers, nidification of,
292
Sarsia
, seeking light,
23
Saunders, S. S., on trap-door spiders,
215
Savage, on play of chimpanzees,
476
,
477
Schiller, on pride of bell-wether steers,
334
Schipp, Lieut., on combined action of baboons,
483
Schlosser, on jaculator-fish,
248
Schlüter, Herr A., on a hornet carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away with it,
196
Schneider, on intelligence of
octopus
,
29
,
30
;
on fish guarding eggs,
242
;
jealousy of fish,
247
Sclater, Dr., on instincts of cuckoo,
325
;
lending a cebus for observation,
483
Scoresby, on maternal affection of whale,
327
;
on intelligence of polar bear,
351
Scorpion, alleged suicide of, when surrounded by fire or heat,
222
-
25
Sea-anemones,
233
,
234
Seals, intelligence of, and breeding-habits of pinnipeds,
341
-
6
Seebohm, on instincts of cuckoo,
325
Semnopithecus entellus
, destroying poison fangs of snakes,
483
Sensation,
8
Severn, H. A., on nidification of baya-bird,
294
Severn, W., on snakes,
260
,
261
Sheep, pride of leaders,
334
Shelley, lines on curiosity of fish,
247
Shipp, Capt.,
on vindictiveness of elephant,
387
,
388
;
on intelligence of elephant,
397
,
398
Siebold, on robber-wasps,
169
Sieur, Roman, his trained birds,
312
Signs, made by ants,
49
et seq.
;
by bees,
157
et seq.
;
by termites,
200
;
by birds,
315
,
316
;
by elephants,
391
and
401
;
by cat,
416
;
by dog,
445
-
7
;
by monkey,
472
,
475
,
476
Simiadæ
,
see
Monkeys
Simonius, on fondness of spiders for music,
206
Sinclair, W., on intelligence of horse,
33
Skate, supposed intelligence of,
251
Skinner, Major,
on intelligent vigilance of elephants,
400
,
401
;
on training of cobra,
265
Slingsby, his experiment in training a house-fly,
230
,
231
Smeathman, on termites,
198
-
203
Smeaton, Th. D., on dog making peace-offerings,
452
Smiles, Dr. S.,
on observation of Stephenson,
247
;
on observations of Edward,
255
,
275
,
283
,
321
Smith, A. P., on intelligence of a cat,
414
Smith, Colonel, on pilot-fish,
252
Smith, Colonel Hamilton, on intelligence of cattle-dogs,
449
Smith, Sir Andrew, on revenge of a baboon,
478
Snails, intelligence of,
26
-
28
Snakes, incubating eggs, sexual and parental affection of,
256
;
tamed,
256
,
260
-
3
,
265
;
finding way home,
262
;
intelligence of,
262
-
3
;
fascination by,
263
-
4
;
charming of,
264
-
5
Social feelings,
see
Sympathy
and
Affection
;
habits common to Hymenoptera and termites,
202
Sow, pointing game,
339
,
340
Sparman, on termites,
198
Spencer, Herbert,
on migration of salmon,
249
;
on play as allied to artistic feeling,
279
Sphex,
see
under
Wasp
Spiders, emotions of,
204
-
7
;
courtship,
204
,
205
;
strength of maternal instinct,
205
;
fondness of music,
205
-
7
;
web-building,
207
-
12
;
geometric,
209
;
water,
212
;
wolf or vagrant,
213
;
trap-door,
213
-
18
;
admit of being tamed and distinguish persons,
218
-
19
;
protecting eggs from cold,
219
;
protecting themselves from ecitons,
219
;
conveying prey to larder,
220
;
suspending weights to steady web,
220
-
2
;
wide geographical range of trap-door spiders,
216
Stag, intelligence of,
336
Starlings, nidification of,
293
;
learning to avoid telegraph-wires,
312
-
13
Stephenson, on curiosity of fish,
247
Stevens, J. G., on intelligence of a cat,
417
-
18
Sticklebacks,
243
-
5
,
246
-
7
Stickney, on bees remembering in successive years the position of a disused hive,
154
Stodmann, on wasps recognising persons,
188
Stone, on reasoning power of a dog,
460
Stork, vindictiveness of,
277
-
8
Strachan, on elephants dying under emotional disturbance,
395
-
6
Strange, F., on habits of bower-bird,
281
Strauss, on co-operation of beetles,
228
Street, J., on blackbirds removing their young,
289
Strickland, on intelligence of a mare,
332
Swainson, on vindictiveness of elephant,
389
Swallows, memory of,
266
;
improvement in their nidification and adopting new modes of,
300
;
migration,
301
;
making tunnels,
318
;
killing imprisoned hostile sparrows,
318
-
19
Swan, conjugal fidelity of,
271
;
mode of escaping with young,
290
;
nidification,
496
-
8
Swine,
339
-
41
Sword-fish,
252
-
3
Sykes, Colonel,
on harvesting ants,
97
;
on tree ants,
110
-
11
;
intelligence of ants in getting at food in difficult situations,
134
,
135
;
on nidification of tailor-bird,
293
Sylvia
,
293
Sympathy,
of ants,
46
-
9
;
of bees,
155
-
6
;
of fish,
242
;
of birds,
270
-
6
;
of horse,
331
-
2
;
of ruminants,
334
;
of elephants,
387
-
92
, and
397
,
398
;
of cat,
416
;
of monkeys,
471
-
5
TAIT, LAWSON, on cat signing to have bell pulled, 423
Talegallus
, nidification of,
294
Taylor, the Rev. Mr., cunning of his dog,
451
Tegetmeier, on amount of sugar required by bees to make honey,
176
Telescope-fish,
246
Tennent, Sir E., on apparent intelligence of land-leeches,
24
;
intelligence of tree-ants,
134
;
mygale eating humming birds,
208
;
climbing-perch,
249
;
sexual affection of cobra,
246
;
snake-charming,
264
,
265
;
taming of cobra,
265
;
nidification of baya-bird,
294
;
combined action of crows,
319
,
320
;
of buffaloes,
335
;
use of tame buffalo,
335
;
on emotions and intelligence of elephant,
389
,
390
,
393
-
6
,
400
-
8
;
collective instinct of jackals,
432
,
433
Tepper, Mr. Otto, on intelligence of a cat,
424
Termites,
198
-
203
;
architecture,
198
,
199
, and
201
,
202
;
workers and soldiers,
200
,
201
;
swarming, breeding, &c.,
202
;
remarkable similarity of instincts to those of Hymenoptera,
202
;
instincts detrimental to individual but beneficial to species,
202
,
203
Terns, sympathy of, for wounded companions,
274
,
275
;
robber,
284
;
mobbing robber-terns,
291
Theda isocrates
,
238
Theuerkauf, Herr G., on intelligence of ants in making a bridge of aphides over tar,
136
Thompson, E. P.,
on bees remembering exact position of absent hive,
149
;
on garden-spider's mode of web-building,
210
,
211
;
ant-lion,
234
,
235
;
emotions of guana,
255
,
256
;
fascination by snakes,
264
;
nidification of sociable grosbeak,
295
,
296
;
birds dreaming,
312
;
maternal affection of whale,
327
;
bisons defending themselves from wolves,
334
,
335
;
pigs defending themselves from wolves,
339
;
cleanliness of pig,
340
,
341
;
intelligence of weasel,
346
;
of mouse,
361
;
harvesting-mice,
365
,
366
Thomson, Dr. Allen, on scorpions committing suicide,
223
-
5
Thornton, Colonel, his sow trained to point game,
340
Thresher-fish,
252
,
253
Thrushes, breaking shells against stones,
283
Tinea
,
237
Toads,
254
,
255
Tomtit, nidification of,
293
Topham, Dr. J., on spiders weighting their webs,
222
Topham, Mr. J., on bees remembering exact position of absent hive,
149
Tortoises, knowing persons,
259
Townsend, the Rev. W.,
on elephant concealing theft,
410
;
on dog finding its way about by train,
468
-
9
Truro, Lord, on intelligence of a dog,
450
Turner, George, on bees remembering exact position of absent hive,
149
Turnstones, intelligence of,
321
Turtles,
257
,
258
, and
262
VAILLANT, Le, on fascination by tree-snake, 263, 264
Valiant, L., on nidification of sociable grosbeak,
296
Venn, on association of ideas in parrot,
267
,
268
Vigot, Dr., on snake finding way home,
262
Villiers, De, on instincts of larvæ of bombyx moth,
240
Vindictiveness,
of birds,
277
,
278
, and
318
-
25
;
of horse,
330
,
331
;
of elephant,
387
-
9
;
of monkeys,
478
, and
484
-
96
Virchow, on difficulty of distinguishing between instinct and reason,
12
Vogt, Karl, on duration of memory in ants,
41
;
bridge-making,
136
Vultures, finding carrion by sight and not by smell,
286
,
287
;
intelligence,
314
WAFER, on monkeys hammering oyster-shells with stones, 481
Wakefield, P., on intelligence of goats,
337
,
338
Wallace, A. R., on philosophy of birds'-nests,
298
-
300
Warden, on frogs going straight to nearest water,
254
Wasp-mason,
180
;
butcher,
180
,
181
;
sphex,
181
;
hunting,
193
,
194
;
common, tamed by Sir John Lubbock,
153
Wasps, sense of direction in,
147
;
teaching themselves,
154
;
killing larvæ,
167
,
168
;
making cells,
180
;
instincts of neuters,
181
;
recognising persons,
188
;
coming out of small aperture backwards,
192
,
193
;
struggles with ants for secretion of frog-hoppers,
194
,
195
;
dismembering heavy prey for convenience of carriage, and mounting eminences for same purpose,
195
,
197
Wasser, on nidification of puffins,
291
Waterhouse, on hexagonal form of bee's cell,
173
Water-rail, its mode of escape,
289
Waterton, on nidification of swan,
295
,
296
Watson, on spiders weighting their webs,
221
;
cock killing hen on her hatching out eggs of other birds,
278
;
intelligence of rats,
360
-
62
;
vindictiveness of elephant,
389
;
elephant enduring surgical operation,
399
;
intelligence of sheep-dogs,
448
;
of cattle-dogs,
449
Weasel,
346
,
347
Weaver, nidification of,
293
Web,
see
Spider
Web-building,
see
Spiders
Webb, Dr., performing operation on elephant,
399
Weber, Professor E. H., on spiders weighting their webs,
221
Wedgwood, the Rev. R. H., on memory of horse,
330
Westlecombe, on reasoning power of a dog,
462
,
463
Westropp, on intelligence of bear,
352
Westwood, on instinct of caterpillars,
288
Weygandt, on robber-bees,
170
Whale, maternal affection of,
327
;
attacks on, by sword- and thresher-fish,
252
,
253
Whately, Archbishop, on cat ringing bell,
423
White ants,
see
Termites
White, the Rev. Gilbert, on nests of harvesting-mice,
365
;
on nidification of house-martin,
292
,
293
White, W., on intelligence of snails,
26
White, the Rev. W. W. F., on sympathy of ants,
49
;
keeping pets,
84
;
burying dead,
92
,
93
White-headed eagle,
see
Eagle
Wildman, his alleged training of bees,
189
Wilks, Dr. S., observations on talking of parrot,
267
,
268
;
on dog recognising a portrait,
455
Williams, on intelligence of sheep-dogs,
448
Williams, B., on cunning of sheep-killing dogs,
450
,
451
Wilson, on memory of crow,
266
Wilson, Dr. Andrew, on reasoning power of a dog,
460
Wilson, Charles, on intelligence of swallows,
318
Wilson, Dr. D., on elephant enduring surgical operation,
399
Winkell, Dietrich aus dem, on intelligence of fox,
428
Wolf,
426
-
36
;
avoiding gun-traps,
431
;
drawing up fish-lines to take fish,
431
;
collective instinct in hunting,
433
,
436
Wolverine,
347
-
50
Wood, Rev. G. J., on spiders weighting their webs,
221
Woodcock, conveying young on back,
289
Woodpecker, ant-eating, its instinct of storing food,
285
;
nidification,
293
Words, understanding of,
by bees,
189
;
by talking birds,
267
-
9
Worms, apparent intelligence of,
24
Wright, his portrait-painting recognised by a dog,
454
-
5
YARRELL, on fish, 246; on intelligence of hare, 358-9
Youatt, on pigs learning to point game,
340
Young, the Rev. Charles, on emotions and intelligence of elephant,
390
-
92
Young, Miss E., on dog finding his way about by train,
468
Yule, Captain, on elephants dying under emotional disturbance,
395
THE END.
Animal Intelligence.
By GEORGE J. ROMANES, F.R.S., Zoölogical Secretary of the Linnæan Society, etc. ————————— 12mo. Cloth, $1.75. —————————
"My object in the work as a whole is twofold: First, I have thought it desirable that there should be something resembling a text-book of the facts of Comparative Psychology, to which men of science, and also metaphysicians, may turn whenever they have occasion to acquaint themselves with the particular level of intelligence to which this or that species of animal attains. My second and much more important object is that of considering the facts of animal intelligence in their relation to the theory of descent."—From the Preface.
"Unless we are greatly mistaken, Mr. Romanes's work will take its place as one of the most attractive volumes of the International Scientific Series. Some persons may, indeed, be disposed to say that it is too attractive, that it feeds the popular taste for the curious and marvelous without supplying any commensurate discipline in exact scientific reflection; but the author has, we think, fully justified himself in his modest preface. The result is the appearance of a collection of facts which will be a real boon to the student of Comparative Psychology, for this is the first attempt to present systematically well-assured observations on the mental life of animals."—Saturday Review.
"The author believes himself, not without ample cause, to have completely bridged the supposed gap between instinct and reason by the authentic proofs here marshaled of remarkable intelligence in some of the higher animals. It is the seemingly conclusive evidence of reasoning powers furnished by the adaptation of means to ends in cases which can not be explained on the theory of inherited aptitude or habit."—New York Sun.
"The high standing of the author as an original investigator is a sufficient guarantee that his task has been conscientiously carried out. His subject is one of absorbing interest. He has collected and classified an enormous amount of information concerning the mental attributes of the animal world. The result is astonishing. We find marvelous intelligence exhibited not only by animals which are known to be clever, but by others seemingly without a glimmer of light, like the snail, for instance. Some animals display imagination, others affection, and so on. The psychological portion of the discussion is deeply interesting."—New York Herald.
"The chapter on monkeys closes this excellent work, and perhaps the most instructive portion of it is that devoted to the life-history of a monkey."—New York Times.
"Mr. Romanes brings to his work a wide information and the best of scientific methods. He has carefully culled and selected an immense mass of data, choosing with admirable skill those facts which are really significant, and rejecting those which lacked sustaining evidence or relevancy. The contents of the volume are arranged with reference to the principles which they seem to him to establish. The volume is rich and suggestive, and a model in its way."—Boston Courier.
"It presents the facts of animal intelligence in relation to the theory of descent, supplementing Darwin and Spencer in tracing the principles which are concerned in the genesis of mind."—Boston Commonwealth.
"One of the most interesting volumes of the series."—New York Christian at Work.
"Few subjects have a greater fascination for the general reader than that with which this book is occupied."—Good Literature, New York.
————————— For sale by all booksellers; or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. ————————— New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.
Ants, Bees, and Wasps.
A Record of Observations on the Habits of the Social Hymenoptera. By Sir JOHN LUBBOCK, Bart., M. P., F. R. S., etc., Author of "Origin of Civilization, and the Primitive Condition of Man," etc., etc. ————————— With Colored Plates. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00.—————————
"This volume contains the record of various experiments made with ants, bees, and wasps during the last ten years, with a view to test their mental condition and powers of sense. The principal point in which Sir John's mode of experiment differs from those of Huber, Forel, McCook, and others, is that he has carefully watched and marked particular insects, and has had their nests under observation for long periods—one of his ants' nests having been under constant inspection ever since 1874. His observations are made principally upon ants because they show more power and flexibility of mind; and the value of his studies is that they belong to the department of original research."
"We have no hesitation in saying that the author has presented us with the most valuable series of observations on a special subject that has ever been produced, charmingly written, full of logical deductions, and, when we consider his multitudinous engagements, a remarkable illustration of economy of time. As a contribution to insect psychology, it will be long before this book finds a parallel."—London Athenæum.
"These studies, when handled by such a master as Sir John Lubbock, rise far above the ordinary dry treatment of such topics. The work is an effort made to discover what are the general, not the special, laws which govern communities of insects composed of inhabitants as numerous as the human beings living in London and Peking, and who labor together in the utmost harmony for the common good. That there are remarkable analogies between societies of ants and human beings no one can doubt. If, according to Mr. Grote, 'positive morality under some form or other has existed in every society of which the world has ever had experience,' the present volume is an effort to show whether this passage be correct or not."—New York Times.
"In this work the reader will find the record of a series of experiments and observations more thorough and ingenious than those instituted by any of the accomplished author's predecessors. . . . . Sir John has been a close observer of the habits of ants for many years, generally having from thirty to forty communities under his notice, and not only watching each of these in its carefully isolated glass house, but, by the use of paint-marks, following the fortunes of individuals. . . . . One notable result of this system has been the correcting of previous theories as to the age to which ants attain: instead of living merely a year, as the popular belief has been, some of Sir John's queens and workers are thriving after being under observation since 1874 and 1875."—New York World.
"Sir John Lubbock's book on 'Ants, Bees, and Wasps' is mainly devoted to the crawlers, and not the fliers, though he has some observations upon honey-bees and more interesting ones upon the unpopular wasp, which he fondly deems to be capable of gratitude. Darwin made a strong case for the monkeys, but Lubbock may yet make us out to be, as Irishmen say, 'The sons of our ants.' For he begins his entertaining book thus: 'The anthropoid apes no doubt approach nearer to man in bodily structure than do any other animals, but, when we consider the habits of ants, their large communities and elaborate habitations, their roadways, their possession of domestic animals, and, even in some cases, of slaves, it must be admitted that they have a fair claim to rank next to man in the scale of intelligence.'"—Springfield Republican.
————————— For sale by all booksellers; or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. ————————— New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.