INDEX. (continued 2)
Reading edition
English, their immorality, 451
suppression of, by Wolsey, 448
and by Henry VIII., 454
means used for, 457
financial results of, 460
suppression of, in Austria, 584
in France, 589
in Spain, 608
in Italy, 609
in South America, 609
Monastic habit, salvation ensured by, 335
Monks, persecuted by the Iconoclasts, 90
number of, in Coptic church, 93
subjected to military service, 99
wandering, described by Augustin, 102
and by St. Benedict, 110
and by Smaragdus, 115
political influence of, 106
confined to their convents, 107
their wives must become nuns, 114
punishment of unchastity, 103, 131
custom of letting blood, 138
secular life of, in 10th century, 152
as priests in Anglo-Saxon England, 174
married priests replaced with, 275
residence of, with nuns, in Spain, 305
ordered to sleep singly, 332
ridiculed by Von Hutten, 416
fate of English, 460
ejected, held to chastity, in England, 469
unfit to be confessors, 432, 569, 572, 577, 587
marriage of (see Marriage).
Monluc of Valence, his marriage, 499
his description of French clergy, 515
Montanists denounce second marriages, 36
Montariol, Abbey of, and droit de marquette, 354
Monte Casino, foundation of, 111
Carloman becomes a monk there, 133
Abbey of, in 10th century, 153
preservation of, in 1866, 609
Monza, clerical marriage in 1152, 221
Barnabite college at, case of, 621
Morales, Ambrosio, case of, 40
Morality, reformed by early Christians, 32
of Puritanism, 357
of Scottish Reformers, 509
artificial standard of, 269, 347, 349, 627
Morals, clerical, described by Cyprian, 41
by Tertullian, 42
reforms at Council of Nicæa, 54
how affected by introduction of celibacy, 78
as described by Salvianus, 81
by Council of Elvira, 99
by St. Jerome, 100
of monks, described by St. Augustin, 102
by St. Benedict, 110
by St. Isidor of Seville, 115
by Smaragdus, 115
of bishops in Merovingian France, 119
of clergy in Gothic Spain, 121
in Italy, in 8th century, 127
in France, in 8th century, 128
in 9th century, 136
in Italy, in 10th century, 145, 147, 153
in England, in 10th century, 167
in 11th century, 172
in monasteries, in 11th century, 188
of bishops, in 11th century, 198
of married clergy, in 11th century, 202
in Milan, 210
in Germany, in 12th century, 247
in France, in 12th century, 264
worse than laity, 265, 346, 350, 429, 430, 518, 533, 586, 629
in England, in 12th century, 281
in 13th century, 293
in Ireland, in 14th century, 299
in Scotland, in 13th century, 301
in Spain, in 14th century, 311
in church of 12th century, 321, 326
of 13th century, 331
in monasteries in 14th century, 340
in papal court, 341
in mediæval church, 350
in military orders, 364
in Bohemian church, 383
in 15th century, 388
in 16th century, 427, 515-33
in English church of 16th century, 447
in English monasteries, 451
of clergy of Bangor, 463
in Scottish church, 501 sqq.
in German church described by Cassander and Wicelius, 542-3
after Council of Trent, 548
in Rome, in 16th century, 549
in post-Tridentine church of Italy, 550-3
in Bavaria and Bohemia, 554, 556
in the Low Countries, 557
in France, 559
in confessional, 566-77
affected by casuistry, 578
in 18th century, 585-8
Morals of monachal educators, 619-21
in the modern church, 624-37
More, Sir Thomas, his position, 445
appointed Chancellor, 449
on sheep-farming, 474
Morone, Cardinal, asked to aid in furthering clerical marriage, 541
Morrison, Sir Richard, on resumption of church lands, 483
Mortal sin, Wickliffe’s definition of, 379
Morton, Archbishop, his visitation, 399
Mosaic Law, materialism of, 21
Mothers, residence of, forbidden, 138, 331
Mount Lebanon, Synod of, in 1736, 91
Mozarabic ritual, contest over, 304
Mucius, his blind obedience, 102
Muhlberg, battle of, 441
Mulieres subintroductæ, forbidden by Council of Nicæa, 53
allowed in modern times, 626
Muncer and the Anabaptists, 438
Munster, Council of, in 1279, 575
in 1652, 558
impossibility of reform, in 16th cent., 548
proportion of clergy in, 631
Mutilation, practice of, 40
Mutilés de Russie, sect of, 41
Mylitta, 21
Mynecena, 173
Myrc, John, his Instructions, 400
on confessor and penitent, 574
Myrror of Justice on married clerks, 291
Mystic rewards of virginity, 347
Nalanda, Buddhist monastery of, 95
Namur, Synods of, in 1604 and 1639, 562
in 1698, 576
in 1742, 577
Nanno of Verona protects married priests, 151
Nantes, Council of, in 895, 138
Edict of, 500
Naples, children of ecclesiastics in, 335
position of priests’ concubines in, 339
tax on concubines in, 399
clerical marriage proposed in 18th century, 583
numbers of clergy in, 588, 631
civil marriage in, 606, 607
restrictions on monachism in 1820, 609
Council of, in 1576, 553
in 1699, 574
Napoleon I. reëstablishes religion, 595
prohibits clerical marriage, 597
Napoleon III. favors monachism, 614, 617-8
Narbonne, Council of, in 1551, 516
in 1609, 560
Nature, crimes against, 137, 332, 548
Nausea, Frederic, on priestly marriage, 423
Nazirate, the Jewish, 22
Neocæsarea, Council of, in 314, 36, 51
Neo-Platonism, influence of, 39
Nestorians, the, 91, 92
Netherlands, reception of Council of Trent, 547, 553
troubles of, caused by clerical corruption, 557
restrictions on monachism, 609
Neustria, reforms in, 132
New Grenada, corruption of church in, 563
abuse of confessional in, 572
suppression of monasteries in, 609
Nicæa, Council of, its relation to celibacy, 53
celibacy attributed to, 555
Nicæa, canon of, its enforcement, 84
renewed by Greek church, 91
enforced by Gregory I., 124
enforcement attempted in 744, 132
in 9th century, 136
in England, in 12th century, 277
by Council of Coyanza, in 1050, 303
in Anglican church, 494
applied to female relatives, 138, 331, 628
relaxation of, in 1536 and 1548, 518, 525
by Council of Trent, 538
efforts to enforce, in 17th century, 561
disregarded in modern times, 626
Nicetas Pectoratus, his defence of Greek church, 191
Nicholas de Clemanges (see Clemanges).
Nicholas I. enforces the rule of celibacy, 139
his relaxation of the rules, 141
on sacraments of sinful priests, 194
Nicholas II., his election, 192
his reforms, 194, 197, 199
he intervenes in Milanese troubles, 213
his canons on celibacy renewed, 227
he enforces celibacy in France, 255
his death, 200
Nicholas III., his efforts with Greek church, 328
Nicholas V., regulations of, 397
Nicholas the deacon, 34
Nicolites, heresy of, 34
priestly marriage ascribed to, 191, 201
married priests stigmatized as, 211
abjuration of, in Milan, 214
condemnation by C. of Piacenza, 221
in Germany, in 12th century, 318
Nigel of Ely, his revolt, 281
Niklaushausen, Hans of, 405
Nimptschen, escape of nuns from, 425
Nismes, residence of relatives forbidden, 332
Noailles, Cardinal, on absolution by guilty confessor, 576
Nobla Leyczon, La, 373, 374
Nomocanon of Photius, 87
Norbert, St., reforms effected by, 265
Nordhausen, Council of, in 1105, 244
Norfolk, married priests ejected in, 480
Norfolk, Duke of, suppresses the Pilgrimage of Grace, 456
introduces the Six Articles, 467
Normandy, condition of church in 10th century, 155
enforcement of celibacy in 12th century, 268, 319
North, Sir Edward, obtains the Charter-House, 451
Northmen, effect of their incursions, 139
Northumberland, Earl of, his insurrection in 1569, 496
Northumbrian priests, rules for, 168
Norway, rights of illegitimates in, 197
Nowell, Dean, on Council of Trent, 537
Nucius, Nicander, on English monasteries, 452, 458, 469
Nullity of marriage in orders introduced in 1123, 313
at Council of Trent, 536
Nunneries, disorders of, under Carlovingians, 137
in 10th century, 152
in 12th century, 264, 282, 318
in 13th century, 268
in 14th century, 340
in 15th century, 389, 393, 399
in 16th century, 451, 526, 527
abuse of confessional in, 572
Nuns, shaving of head prohibited, 104
punishment for unchastity, 131
seduction of, a capital offence, 136
their scandalous lives under Carlovingians, 137
test for their virtue, 292
their residence with monks, in Spain, 305
wives of monks must become, 324
ordered to sleep singly, 332
Lollard denunciations of them, 381
apostate, claimed by the church, 424
their emancipation, in the Reformation, 425, 427, 435
ejected, held to chastity in England, 469
their numbers in England, 471
married, divorce of, 480
their corruption by confessors, 523, 574, 586, 588
their trial by Inquisition, 588
secularized in Italy, 610
marriage of (see Marriage).
Nürnburg, Diet of, in 1522, 424, 431
in 1523, 69, 413, 424
secularization of Augustinians, 425
friars deprived of superintendence of nuns, 432
Nurses of priests’ children, their position, 306
Nursia, priest of, case of, 124
Oath of Knight Templars, 362
prescribed for French clergy, 589
Obedience, monachal, nature of, 102
Observances common to Catholicism and Buddhism, 35
and Mazdeism, 44
Odo of Canterbury, his indifference to celibacy, 166
Odo of Toul on relaxation of discipline, 326
Ogilby, Marion, 503
Old Catholics, schism of, 604
Olmutz, Synod of, in 1342, 338
in 1413, 383
in 1591, 555
Oral Law, development of, 24
burdens imposed by, 26
Orange, Council of, in 441, 60, 76
Ordeal, its use in ecclesiastical trials, 140
Ordericus Vitalis, 156, 176
Order of widows, apostolic, 96
Orders, military, the, 362
mendicant, the, 375
Orders, religious, their abolition recommended, 523, 587
unauthorized, suppressed in France, 621
Orders, holy, in Wickliffe’s reforms, 379
Ordination dissolves marriage, 313, 536
indelible under Wickliffe, 379
in modern France, 600-1
minimum age for, 624
sacrament of, attacked by Luther, 418
superior to marriage, 314, 642
Oriesis, St., rule of, 101
Origen, asceticism condemned by, 33
his self-mutilation, 40
Origenism, influence of, 86
Original sin, Council of Trent on, 640
Orihuella, Council of, in 1600, 557, 562, 574
Orleans, Council of, in 511, 80
in 533, 60, 80
in 538, 69, 80
in 541 and 549, 80
Ormanetto, Niccolo, his mission to Bavaria, 536
Orthodox Brethren, the, 375, 385
Orzechowski, Stanislas, case of, 540
Osber, Council of, in 1062, 201
Osbern, his life of St. Dunstan, 166
Osiander on virginity of the Virgin, 69
Osius of Cordova, influence of, 51
Osnabruck, Synods of, in 1625, 1628, 556, 558
Osorius on marriage of military orders, 365
Ossory, Council of, in 1320, 299
Oswald, St., his reforms, 169
Oswalde’s Law, charter of, 169
Otfrid of Watten, his troubles, 260
Othlonus, his temptations, 188
Otho I. deposes John XII., 144
condemns priestly marriage, 150
on sons of priests, 229
Otho IV., his league with John of England, 283
Otho of Constance, case of, 229
Otto of Ostia, his mission to Constance, 229
Otto, Cardinal, constitutions of, 288, 291
Ottoboni, constitutions of, 291
in Scotland, 301
Oxford, Council of, in 1222, 288
University of, on Wickliffe, 379
reform proposed by, 394
See of, created, 460
Paccanaristes, 613
Pachomius, rule of, 101
Paderborn, Synod of, in 1548, 528
proportion of clergy in, 631
Pagan priests, restrictions on, 49-50
Paleario, Aonio, on Council of Trent, 520
Palencia, Council of, in 1129, 308
in 1388, 311
Palermo, civil marriage valid in, 606
Palestine, monachism introduced in, 97
Panzini on condemnation of marriage, 47
on the suppression of religious orders, 610
on clerical morality, 632
is condemned as a heretic, 602, 642
Papacy, degradation of, in 10th cent., 144
in 11>th century, 176
released from subjection, 192
election limited to Roman clergy, 200
distrust inspired by, 395
restrictions on it in England, 417, 517
opposition to it in England, 444
supremacy abolished in England, 450
restored in England, 482
dependent on celibacy, 536
Papal Court, its immorality, 341, 345
its rapacity, 412, 416
its repugnance for C. of Trent, 519, 522
it hesitates as to celibacy in 18th century, 584
number of women in, 1882, 628
Papal dispensations, their effect, 322, 397
sale of, 321, 322, 345, 398, 516, 517, 522
admitted by Council of Trent, 535, 642
for married priests, 407, 442
Papal infallibility in Vatican Council, 608
Papalists known as Paterins, 237
Paphnutius, story of, 56
quoted in the Reformation, 419
Paraguay, suppression of monasteries in, 609
Parajika rules, in Buddhism, 94
Paregorius, case of, 84
Paris, Council of, in 615, 114
in 1074, 256
in 1212, 270, 332
in 1323, 351
in 1521 and 1528, 515
Huguenot Synod of, in 1559, 498
diocese of, absolution in, 576
Parlement of, regulates monastic orders, 585
Parker, Archbishop, his marriage, 472
his rejoinder to Martin, 480
his promotion, 487
he obtains priestly marriage from Elizabeth, 488
his visitation of 1567, 491
he remonstrates with Elizabeth, 493
he evades an extradition question, 513
Parker, Mrs., Elizabeth’s insolence to, 491
Parkyns, his account of Abyssinian church, 93
Parlement of Paris regulates monastic orders, 585
Parliament (English) confirms supremacy of Henry VIII., 450
enacts the Six Articles, 467
modifies the Six Articles, 471
legalizes priestly marriage, 473
commands respect for it, 476
reactionary measures under Mary, 478
repeals the laws of Henry VIII., 482
on confessional manuals, 634
Parliament (Scotch) of 1542, 503
of 1560, 506
Parliamentary Abbots in 1539, 458
Parma, trouble with married priests in, 222
Partidas, Las Siete, marriage forbidden in, 309
Partner in guilt, absolution by, 575-8, 633
Paschal II., his efforts to enforce celibacy, 244
enforces celibacy in Denmark, 253
in Britanny, 259
in Flanders, 262
in Spain, 305
on ministration of married priests, 275
on children of priests, 276
Passau, enforcement of celibacy in, 230
Council of, in 1284, 338
troubles of, in 1431, 395
Transaction of, 443
Paterins, origin of the name, 211
their heresy, 207
their doctrines, 367
German papalists so called, 237
Patmore, Thomas, punishment of, 462
Patra, the Buddha’s begging-dish, 35
Patrician heresy, 45
Patrick, St., his classification of merit, 46
founds Irish church, 159
celibacy in his church, 76
Synod of, in 672, 160
Patronage, abuse of, France, 16th cent., 515
Paul, St., his liberalizing views, 26
his asceticism, 31
he enjoins abstinence from women, 49
on ministration of women, 60
his order of widows, 96
Paul III. prevents reconciliation with Lutherans, 441
grants dispensations for married priests, 442
excommunicates Henry VIII., 455
convokes Council of Trent, 520
attempts a reform of the church, 516, 522
obliged to abandon it, 523
Paul IV. pronounces Savonarola orthodox, 386
on English church-lands, 483
on abuse of confessional, 568
puts his own “Consilium” in the Index, 523
Paul V. on abuse of confessional, 569
Paul of Samosata, case of, 42
Paul the Thebæan, the first anchorite, 97
Paula, Francisco de, advocates clerical marriage, 602
Pauline Christianity, 27
Paupers, monastic vows taken only by, 168
Pavia, Council of, in 1022, 178
schismatic Synod of, in 1076, 219, 220
Payne, Peter, 382
Peasants’ War, the, 435
Peckham of Canterbury, efforts of, 291
Pedro de Luna, legate to Spain, 310
Pekin, number of Buddhist monks in, 95
Pelagius I. endeavors to enforce the canons, 123
separates wives of subdeacons, 124
Pelagius II., his relaxation of rules, 122
Peñafiel, Council of, in 1302, 310
Penance of married priests under Mary, 481
term of, for infraction of canons, 80, 157, 160
for unchastity, 169
Penitential of Theodore on marriage, 48
Penitentials, coarseness of, 566, 634
Penitentiary, taxes of the, 428
Pepin d’Heristel, policy of his house, 127
Pepin-le-Bref reforms the clergy, 132
his policy, 134
Pères de la Foi, 613
Périgord, Manichæism in, in 1147, 207
Persecution of Manichæans, 43
Persecution of monks by Leo the Isaurian, 90
by Valens, 99
of married priests, 234, 423
of Catholics in Scotland, 512
of celibacy under the Terror, 593
Perth, monasteries destroyed in, 508
Peru, corruption of church of, 564-5
Perushim, 25
Peter, St., his view of Christ’s mission, 26
Peter d’Ailly on corruption of priests, 350
on nunneries, 389
he condemns Men of Intelligence, 385
Peter of Antioch, 107
Peter Cantor on clerical morals, 265
on false accusations, 369
Peter of Capua, Cardinal, enforces celibacy in Poland, 251
Peter, Cardinal, exhorted to suppress marriage, 203
Peter Comestor deprecates celibacy, 325
Peter Martyr, tumult in Oxford against, 474
exhumation of his wife, 484
Peter the Venerable, miracle related by, 266
he refutes the Petrobrusians, 370
Peter de Vinea on official venality, 284
Peter Waldo, his career, 372
Peterboro’, the first bishop of, 454
See of, created, 460
Petrarch, his opinion of papal court, 342
Petrobrusian heresy, 370
Petronio, Marco, on clerical morality, 631
Peutwitz, escape of nuns from, 425
Peyrinnis, Laurent de, regulations of, 562
Pfaffenkind, 336
Pharisees, 25
Philibert of Sedan on clerical marriage, 594
Philip of Burgundy, bishop of Utrecht, 429
Philip of Savoy, his career, 290
Philip II. prevents the granting of clerical marriage, 544
his policy with regard to Council of Trent, 547, 553
he supports St. Charles Borromeo, 551
Philippe, frère, of the Écoles Chrétiennes, 617, 620
Philo on Therapeutæ, 26
Phlebotomy of monks prohibited, 138
Phœbe the deacon, 60
Photinus, 39
his heresy as to the Virgin, 68
Physicians, prelates not to be, 227
Piacenza, Bishop of, aids to elect Cadalus, 200
Council of, in 1095, 221
trouble in, 222
Pibo of Toul inquires as to sacerdotal marriage, 243
Picardi, 385
Pictish church, character of, 160
Piedmont, priestly marriage in, 202
monastic orders suppressed in, 609
number of clergy in, 630
Pier-Leone, antipope, his character, 341
Pierre de Bruys, 370
Piers Ploughman, Vision of (see Langlande).
Piers Ploughman, Creed of, 352
on Franciscans, 376
Pietro Igneo excommunicates married priests, 222
Pietro, schismatic Bishop of Lucca, 222
Pietro de Santa Maria enforces celibacy in Bohemia, 246
Pignan, disorders of canons of, 573
Pilgrimage of Grace, the, 455
Pilgrims, female, dangers to, 164
deterred from visiting Rome, 145
Pinytus of Gnosus, his asceticism, 34
Pisa, Council of, failure of its reforms, 413
Pistoia, trouble with married priests in, 222
state of convents of, 586
Council of, in 1786, 587
Pius II. on the origin of celibacy, 29
he favors clerical marriage, 406
he increases the annates of Mainz, 412
Pius III. his Bull of Reformation, 523
Pius IV. on the origin of celibacy, 29
he admits the story of Paphnutius, 56
he reconvokes the Council of Trent, 521
he temporizes with demand for clerical marriage, 531
he swears his prelates to support vows of chastity, 533
he approves his legates’ tergiversation, 535
he concedes the cup to German laity, 541
his treatment of Orzechowski, 541
he inclines to grant clerical marriage, 544
but at length refuses, 545
he orders reception of C. of Trent, 547
on abuse of confessional, 568
Pius V. admits that heresy is justified by clerical immorality, 430
his accession, 547
his reforms, 548-50
he suppresses the Umiliati, 552
his Bull Contra Sodomitas, 578
is stigmatized as a Lutheran, 641
Pius VI. on abuse of confessional, 578
Pius VIII. offers to permit clerical marriage, 598
Pius IX. on dissolution of priestly marriage, 317
he resists clerical marriage, 601
his organization of the Vatican Council, 603
he denounces civil marriage, 605
growth of church under him, 608
his policy on monastic vows, 610-11
on absolution for solicitation, 633
Podiebrads, the, of Bohemia, 384
Poissy, Colloquy of, on virginity of the Virgin, 69
its result, 559
Poitiers, Council of, in 1000, 157
in 1078, 256
Huguenot Synod of, in 1560, 559
Bishop of, on degradation of clergy, 638
Poland, enforcement of celibacy in, 251
its alliance with Bohemia, 384
its complaints of papal exactions, 397
clerical celibacy questioned in 15th century, 409
clerical marriage demanded in 1556, 529
case of Orzechowski, 540
reception of Council of Trent, 547
celibacy discussed in 18th century, 584
Pole, Cardinal, on need of reformation, 522
his legatine powers, 478
is installed as legate, 482
he enforces celibacy, 483
he orders exhumation of Peter Martyr’s wife, 484
he forbids withdrawal of married priests, 485
his death, 486
Political importance of celibacy, 201
influence of married priests in 1061, 200
of monachism, 106
of Belgian clergy, 623
teaching of monachism, 617-8
Pollution of priests among the Jews, 22
Polygamy of Jews and Christians, 38
of priesthood, 172, 181, 247
permitted by John of Leyden, 438
Pomerania, clerical morals in 15th cent., 401
Pomeranius on Luther’s marriage, 425
Pontanus on Alexander VI., 345
Pontigny, Abbot of, punished, 404
Poor Men of Lyons, 373
Poor-laws, English, commencement of, 460
Poor, relief of, in Scotland, 508
Pope (see Papal).
Pope, Simon, case of, 479
Poppo of Brixen created pope, 187
Popular desire for clerical celibacy, 77, 234
invoked by the church, 227, 232
Population, influence of celibacy on, 360
Port of Spain, Council of, in 1854, 626, 633
Portalis promises clerical marriage under the Concordat, 596
forbids it, 597
Portugal, military orders in, 365
abuse of confessional in, 569
Poverty not required in primitive monachism, 101, 112
enforced in rule of Tetradius, 112
in rule of military orders, 362
of Irish church, 297
of Scottish church, 508
of Waldenses, 374
of Franciscans, 376
Poynette, Bishop, his writings, 473, 480
Præmunire for recognizing papal authority, 456
Pragmatic Sanction of 1438, 396
Prague, enforcement of celibacy in, 246
Univ. of, condemns Wickliffe, 382
Councils of, in 1405-7, 383
in 1565, 554, 556
in 1860, 627, 633
clerical marriage in 1578, 555
Confession of Faith of 1432, 384
Pratimoksha, the, 94
Predestinarianism of Huss, 382
Prelates not to be physicians, 227
Prélibation, droit de, 354
Premontré, order of, 264
Priests, children of (see Children).
divorces of (see Divorces).
marriage of (see Marriage).
immorality of (see Morals).
forbidden to bear arms, in 1049, 189
compelled to keep concubines, 310, 388, 389
privileges of their concubines, 339
reconciled, treatment of, in England, 484, 485
their position, in French Revolution, 590-2
obliged to join in wolf-hunts, 303
purgation of, in Saxon England, 174
punishment of, for unchastity, 131
responsible for parish property, 123
their position in modern France, 637
sinful, their ministrations, 194, 368, 374, 379, 383
their influence, 346
mutually absolve each other, 428
adulterous wives of, to be put away, 39
their wives in Italy, in 8th century, 127
disorders caused by, 147, 175
stigmatized as concubines, 196
reduced to slavery, 242
assumed to be women in service, 489
their resistance to celibacy, 202, 212, 222, 228, 231
their power and privileges, 355
they corrupt the laity, 265, 346, 350, 429, 430, 518, 530, 533, 586, 629
Priesthood, hereditary (see Hereditary).
becomes indelible, in 12th century, 314
is incompatible with medicine, 227
Priestly caste, danger of creating, 225
Primitive church, asceticism in, 31
marriage permitted in, 28
Privileges accorded to priests’ concubines, 339
Procedure, ecclesiastical, gives practical immunity, 140
Procopius, St., his marriage, 181
Procopius the Hussite, 384
Prodicus, heresy of, 33
Promotion dependent on celibacy, 75, 76
Property, church, threatened by priestly marriage, 123
dilapidation, in 10th cent., 145, 147
in France before 1789, 589
Property, monastic, in England, 459
confiscated in Germany, 434, 437, 439
in France, 589
in Italy, 609
Prosecution of clerical offenders in France, 636
Prostitution encouraged by celibacy, 629
Prota, Dr., on civil marriage, 606
Protection accorded to clerical criminals, 635
Provence, Waldenses in, 375
Prussia, foundation of kingdom of, 434
acknowledges clerical marriage, 604
proportion of clergy in, 630
Prussia, West, morals of clergy, in 15th century, 402
Public school system of France, 623
Punishment, mildness of, for solicitation, 571
Purgation of Anglo-Saxon priests, 174
of married priests, 277
Purgatory maintained by Henry VIII., 454
Puricelli on marriage of Eriberto of Milan, 209
on Ambrosian tradition, 210
Puritanism, influence of, 357
Purity required of pagan priests, 49
Quebec, Councils of, in 1851 and 1854, 626, 633
Quedlinburg, Diet of, in 1085, 239
Quimper, diocese of, hereditary descent in, 259
Quinisext in Trullo, 88
Quito, Council of, in 1869, 627
Radulphus Ardens on Manichæism, 208
on clerical morals, 265
Rainbaldo of Fiesole, 180
Ranald and Raymond, case of, 146
Rapacity of papal court, 412, 416
Rasfeldt, Bishop, his misadventures, 548
Ratherius of Verona on hereditary transmission, 146
his priests all married, 148
his contest with his clergy, 150
Ratisbon, Council of, in 13th century, 248
in 1512, 429
Assembly of, in 1524, 423
Diet of, in 1532, 439
in 1541, 440
Bishop John of, 429
Ratramnus of Corvey on Nicene canons, 55
Rauscher, Cardinal, denounces civil marriage, 605
Ravenna, Council of, in 967, condemns priestly marriage, 150
in 997, 157
in 1568, 553
in 1855, 627
Raymond of Gallicia, 307
Raymond du Puy founds Knights of St. John, 362
Recared I. enforces celibacy, 121
Reconciliation of Imperialist clergy, in 1106, 245
of Anglican clergy, 484, 485
of England to Rome, 482
Reformation, the, in Germany, 410-43
caused by clerical corruption, 430, 514, 516, 518, 527, 529, 548, 556 sqq.
in England, 444-97
in France, 498-500
in Scotland, 501-13
Reforms proposed at Constance, 391
undertaken at Bâle, 395
attempted at Trent, 538
Réfractaires priests, 590
Regency, Council of, in 1523, 424
Reggio, trouble with married priests in, 222
Reginald of Canterbury, his life of St. Malchus, 275
Regino of Pruhm on residence of female relatives, 138
on legalized concubinage, 196
Regnier the Albigensian, 367
Relatives, residence of (see Residence).
Relaxation for abuse of confessional, 569
Relics, false, sold by monks, 102
ridiculed by Erasmus, 414
impostures of, in England, 458
Renan, Ernest, on morality of clergy, 625
Renaud of Rheims protects Flemish priests, 261
Residence of relatives forbidden, 138, 331, 555, 560
its danger, 628
of women, canon of Nicæa on, 53
Emperor Honorius on, 55
prohibition enforced, 84
in Greek church, 91
by Gregory I., 124
forbidden, in 744, 132
legislation on, 136
tolerated in Spain, 303, 307, 309
regulated in 1536, 518
over forty years old permitted, 525
permitted by Council of Trent, 538
regulations for, 554, 560, 561
in Spanish colonies, 563
modern rules for, 626, 628
Resistance of clergy to celibacy, 202, 212, 222, 228, 231
Responsibility of the church, 355
thrown upon God, 536, 624
Restoration, monachism under the, 613
Restrictions on monachism by Valens, 99
by Majorian, 105
in the East, 107
in modern times, 608, 613, 621
on clerical marriage by Elizabeth, 489
Results of celibacy, 330
Reuchlin and the theologians, 413
Revolution, French, its treatment of the church, 588-94
tolerates Sisters of Charity, 613
of 1830, its influence on monachism, 614
Rhea, worship of, 50
Rheims, Council of, in 874, 141
in 1049, 189
in 1119, 267
in 1130, 314, 315
in 1148, 315
in 1408, 350
in 1564, 559
in 1583, 560
in 1849, 626
Rhodes, Knights of, 362, 366, 458
Ribadeneira, his life of Loyola, 517
Ricci, Scipione dei, 587
Richard of Albano appealed to, 261
Richard of Dover on suppression of monasteries, 455, 456
on starving out of monasteries, 457
on false relics, 458
intercedes for ejected monks, 460
Richard the Fearless reforms Fécamp, 155
Richard Fitz-Neal, his advancement, 281
Richard of Marseilles, papal legate to Spain, 304
Richmond, Thos., case of, 382
Richstich Landrecht, children of clerks in, 336
Riculfus of Soissons on incest, 138
Ridley, Bishop, prepares the Forty-two Articles, 475
Rigobert, St., of Rheims, 129
Ritualists, Anglican, on marriage, 476
Rivera on toleration of adultery, 566
Robber Synod at Ephesus, 107
Robert d’Arbrissel, his reforms, 258, 265
Robert of Artois, case of, 261
Robert, Cardinal, his constitutions, 332
Robert the Frisian enforces celibacy, 260
Robert the Good (Naples) remits fines on concubinage, 339
Robert the Hierosolymitan of Flanders, 261
Robert the Pious, his neglect of celibacy, 179
he burns heretics, 207
Robert of Rouen, his character, 155
Robles, his life of Ximenes, 403
Roderic of Spain repeals Witiza’s laws, 122
Rodolf of Bourges on residence of female relatives, 138
Rodolf of Swabia, his coronation at Mainz, 236
Rodolphus Glaber on simony, 185
Rodriguez on seduction in confessional, 570
Roman clergy, papal election by, 200
Roman Law, concubinage under, 196
Roman Republic, abrogation of monastic vows in 1849, 609
Rome, Council of, in 384, 64, 103
in 721, and 722, 127
in 745, 132
in 826, 196
in 1051, 189
in 1052, 196
in 1057, 192
in 1059, 194
in 1063, 196, 202
in 1066, 216
in 1074, 227
in 1075, 231
in 1076, 229, 232
in 1079, 56
in 1725, 626
pseudo-council under Silvester, 55, 122
avarice of, 397, 412
brothels kept by prelates in, 429
England reconciled to, 482
Germany oppressed by, 412
heretics forbidden in, 70
its influence extended to Ireland, 296
to Spain, 303
jurisdiction of, its limits, 84
its demoralizing effect, 139, 322, 345
surrendered by Alexander IV., 334
morals of Pagan, 32
of Christian, 81, 181, 341, 549, 587
modern political opinions of, 618
number of clergy in, 630
pilgrims deterred from visiting, 145
reforms of Pius V., 550
revision of modern councils at, 628
rule respecting the subdiaconate, 124
supremacy over Milan asserted, 213
toleration of attacks, 15th cent., 387, 417
of sacrilege and lust, 431
of Greek discipline, 640
Romuald the priest, case of, 127
Romuald, St., 186
Rosceline on priests’ children, 276
Rota, priest of, his fate, 236
Rothius on the Nicolites, 34
Rouen, Archbishops of, in 10th cent., 155
Council of, in 1072, 256
in 1148, 372
in 1189, 322
in 1581, 500
in 1850, 626, 633
Roussillon, Edict of, in 1564, 499
Rules of monachism, early, 101
of St. Benedict, 112
of St. Cassianus, 101, 110
of St. Chrodegang, 134
of St. Columba, 160
of St. Oriesis, 101
of St. Pachomius, 101
of St. Tetradius, 112
Rupert of Duits on priestly marriage, 247
Ruremonde, Synod of, in 1570, 562
Russel, Lord, suppresses insurrection in Devon, 475
Russian church, customs of, 91
Rusticus of Narbonne, 76
Sabatati, 373
Saccofori, 44
Sacerdotalism, necessity of celibacy to, 225
popular antagonism to, 368
Sachsenspiegel, children of clerks in, 336
Sacrament of marriage inferior to ordination, 313, 315, 642
of sinful priests, 194, 368, 374, 379, 383
Sacrilege and lust, tolerance for, 431
Sadducees, conservatism of, 24
Sadoleto, Card., on need of reformation, 522
Saignet, his advocacy of clerical marriage, 353, 406
St. Albans, Abbey of, its disorders, 399
St. Caterina di Pistoia, Abbess of, 586
St. Cornelius, church of, charter to, 270
St. Denis, Council of, in 995, 154
Abbey of, its disorders, 264
St. Esprit, Society of, 613
St. Fara, monastery of, its disorders, 264
St. Gildas de Ruys, Abbey of, 264
St. Iago of Compostella, church of, 306
St. James of the Sword, Order of, 363
St. John, Knights of, 362, 366, 458
St. Louis, Council of, in 1858, 627
St. Marco, preservation of, in 1866, 609
St. Martin of Tours, Abbey of, 404
St. Mary of Argenteuil, Convent of, 264
St. Michael, Order of, 365
St. Omer, Synod of, in 1099, 261
in 1583, 560
in 1640, 562
St. Peter of Sens, Abbey of, 153
St. Riquier, Abbey of, its strictness, 404
St. Sabina, Cardinal of, enforces celibacy in Sweden, 253
St. Stephen, church of, in Aretino, 147
St. Ursmar, married canons of, 270
St. Vitus, monks of, reformed by Gregory I., 114
Saintes, monastic school at, case of, 619
Saints in Benedictine Order, 113
Salamanca, Council of, in 1335, 310
Salerno, Council of, in 1596, 553
Salona, Archbishop of, degraded, 188
Salvianus on condition of morals, 81
Salzburg, disorders in 12th century, 247
Archbishop of, demands suppression of clerical marriage, 530
asks for clerical marriage, 539
impossibility of reform, 16th century, 548, 554
XXXth Council of, 350
in 1537, 518
in 1549, 527
in 1562, 531
Sampson, Thos., on position of married clergy, 496
Samson, Nazirate of, 22
Samuel, Nazirate of, 22
Sanadon of Oléron on clerical marriage, 594
Sanders on Cranmer, 470, 474
on delay in authorizing priestly marriage, 488
on Elizabethan clergy, 494
Sandys, Bishop, on delay of priestly marriage, 488
his quarrel with Sir J. Bourne, 496
Sanghadisesa rules, in Buddhism, 95
Sangharamas, Buddhist, 94
Sangreal, the, 35
Sankhya school, 23
Sannazaro on Innocent VIII. and Alexander VI., 345
Sannyasis, class of, 23
Sanseverino, Council of, in 1597, 553
Santafé, Council of, in 1556, 563
Saoshyans, the Zend Messiah, 35
Sarabaitæ, 107, 109, 115
Saragossa, Council of, in 381, 98, 100
in 592, 80
Sarah, Abbess, her fortitude, 188
Sardinia, civil marriage enacted, 605
suppression of monasteries, 609
Sarpi, Fra Paolo, on Tridentine points of faith, 641
Satan, his estimate of chastity, 348
his gratitude to the church, 351
venerated by Begghards, 377
Saturnilus, heresy of, 33
Saurin vs. Starr and Kennedy, 611
Savonarola, 386
on priestly morals, 399
on morals of nunneries, 403
on abuse of confessional, 567
Savoy, priestly marriage in, 203
in the Revolution, 592
Saxon bishops ejected by Normans, 271
married priests in Ireland, 298
(See, also, Anglo-Saxon.)
Saxony, commencement of priestly marriage in, 419
Sbinco of Prague, his reforms, 383
Scandal more dreaded than sin, 518, 565, 567, 568, 571, 577, 579, 619, 628, 634-5
Scandals of agapetæ, 41
Scandinavia, morals of bishops, 389
Scania, demand for priestly marriage in, 252
Scaren, plunder of bishopric of, 279
Schening, Council of, in 1548, 253
Schism of 1061, influence of celibacy on, 200
Schmalkalden, League of, its founding, 438
its overthrow, 441
its negotiations with Henry VIII., 466
Schmidt, Conrad, his heresy, 385
Schmidt, Johann, Bishop of Vienna, 439
School system, public, in France, 623
Schools of monastic orders in France, 617-21
Scotland, its church, founded by Columba, 160
claim of York on, 161
celibacy in early church of, 161
position of concubines in, 197
enforcement of celibacy in, 299
Council of, in 1225, 301
the Reformation in, 501-13
Scribes, their influence, 24
Scythianus, precursor of Manes, 44
Sebastian of Portugal on papal dispensations, 517
Second marriages (see Marriage).
Secular power invoked to regulate monachism, 100
protects married priests, 151, 152
its assistance invoked, 178, 203, 293, 294, 309, 559, 560
celibacy subject to, 583
Secularization of church property in Germany, 427, 435, 437
in England, 454-60
in France, 589
in Italy, 609
of education in France, 623
Seduction of nuns a capital offence, 136
Segenfrid of Le Mans, evil courses of, 152
Sendomir, Agreement of, 385
Sens, Council of, in 1850, 626
Seraphin of Gran on marriage, 249
Sergius III., his immorality, 144
Serfs, ordination of, 155
Servant, priest’s wife assumed to be a, 489
Servitude of sons of priests, 155
of their wives, 189, 242, 309
Severus repeals Majorian’s laws, 106
Seville, Council of, in 590, 80
in 1512, 400
dress of concubines regulated, 517
abuse of confessional in, 569
Sextus Philosophus on mutilation, 40
Shaving, resistance of clergy to, 553
Shaxton, Bishop, opposes the Six Articles, 469
Sheep-farming, discontent caused by, 474
Shrewsbury, hereditary benefices in, 272
Sicily, monachism reformed by Gregory I., 114
celibacy of subdeacons, 124
children of ecclesiastics in, 335
civil marriage valid, 606
episcopal convention of, in 1850, 626
Sickingen, Franz von, 421
Siedeler, Jacob, fate of, 419
Siegfrid of Mainz, his troubles with celibacy, 231
Siete Partidas on origin of celibacy, 29
celibacy enjoined in, 309
Sigismund (Emp.) advocates clerical marriage, 406
Silesia, heresy of John of Pirna, 378
marriage in post-Tridentine church, 555
clerical marriage asked for in 1831, 601
Silvester I. on abuse of confession, 567
forged canons of, 122, 137
Silvester II. on celibacy, 157
Silvester III., election of, 183
Simon, Jules, opposes secularized education, 623
Simoniacal priests, sacraments of, 195
Simony, in 11th century, 185, 214
its repression by Leo IX., 189
by Gregory VII., 229
papal, 398
Simple vows prevent marriage, 321
Simplicius, St., of Autun, case of, 78
Sin (see Scandal).
its influence on sacraments, 194
Wickliffe’s definition of, 379
Siricius makes no reference to Nicene canon, 55
commands celibacy, 65, 72
on heresy of Bonosus, 68
of Jovinian, 69
on disregard of vows, 100
on monastic unchastity, 103
Sister, residence of (see Residence).
Sisters of Charity, 612-3
Sithieu, Abbey of, its strictness, 404
Sitten, Synod of, in 1500, 402
Six Articles (see Articles).
Sixtus III. on marriage, 47
his trial, 82
Sixtus IV., his vices, 344
his sale of preferments, 398
Sixtus V. on children of cardinals, 550
Skopsis, sect of, 41
Slave children of priests emancipated, 563
Slavery for wives of priests, 189, 242, 389
for their sons, 155
Slaves, female, their union with priests, 249
Slavonic church, its connection with the Greek, 244
adherence to priestly marriage, 251
Sleidan on organized concubinage, 353
Sleswick, clerical morals in 15th cent., 402
Smaragdus on monastic impostors, 115
Smith, Dr. Richard, on clerical matrimony, 474
Smith, Sir Thomas, on celibacy, 497
Socrates on the story of Paphnutius, 56
on observance of celibacy, 86
Soissons, Synod of, in 744, 132
Manichæism in 1114, 207
Solicitation (see Confessional).
Somerset the Protector encourages the reformers, 472
Sons of priests (see Children).
Sorbonne, the, condemns Hildebrandine doctrine, 382
condemns Jean Lallier, 408
refuses conference with Melanchthon, 440
Sormitz, escape of nuns from, 425
Sousa, Ant. de, on solicitation, 571
Sozomen relates the story of Paphnutius, 56
Spain, celibacy first enforced in, 50, 66
disregarded in 375, 65
legislation in 400, 75
continued efforts required, 80
morals of, in 4th century, 81
monasticism in 7th century, 115
celibacy in Arian church, 120
reforms attempted by Catholicism, 121
church property guarded, 123
concubines, position of, 196, 197
enforcement of celibacy in, 302
priestly marriage universal, 303
delay in abrogating priestly marriage, 305
immorality of clergy, 311
military orders, 363
demoralization in 15th century, 400
Ximenes and the Franciscans, 402
morals in 16th century, 517
priestly marriage demanded, 556
concubinage of ecclesiastics, 557
the Colonial church, 563
abuse of confessional, 568-74
case of Father Mena, 579
census of the church in 1764, 588
civil marriage agitated, 605
Spalatin, his record of priestly marriages, 422
Spalatro, Council of, in 925, 149
in 1185, 250
Spaldwick, Vicar of, scandal caused by, 485
Spandel, Chris., on corruption of clergy, 556
Spanish church, its independence of Rome, 302
colonies, corruption of church in, 563
Spelman on Anglo-Saxon monachism, 173
Spifame, Bishop of Nevers, 499
Spiti, number of monks in, 95
Spotswood claims extradition of Baron’s wife, 513
Sraddha, 23
Standards of morality, 269, 347, 349, 627
State, permission of the, required by monastic orders in 1760, 585
its subjection to the church, 618, 639
Statistics of abuse of confessional, 573, 636
of Buddhist monachism, 95
of clergy in France, 593, 637
in Germany, 630-1
in Italy, 630
in Naples, 631
of Company of Jesus, 615
of monachism in Austria, 615
in Belgium, 615
in France, 614, 615, 617
Stephen IX. forces episcopate on Damiani, 186
his efforts at reform, 192
intervenes in Milanese troubles, 212
Stephen, King (England), his siege of Devizes, 281
Stephen of Halberstadt on the Imperialists, 239
Sterckx, Archbishop, his “Petronilla,” 629
Stipends of married priests guaranteed, 594
Stokesley of London on suppression of monasteries, 454
on priestly marriage, 462
Storck and the Anabaptists, 438
Strassburg, popular protection of married priests, 423
Synod of, in 1549, 528
in 1687, 562
Strype, his description of English clergy, 476
Sturmius, Balt., his marriage, 421
Subdeacons allowed to marry, 39
their marriage forbidden in 530, 86
separated from their wives, 124
marriage of, forbidden in 952, 149
subjected to the canon, 196, 204
when married, removed from benefice, 242
their celibacy in Dalmatia, 250
their marriage in Hungary, 250
and in Austria, 1267, 251
their celibacy in Denmark, 253
rules in England, 274
exceptions in favor of immorality, 320
their marriage permitted, 324
Suchuen, abuse of confessional in, 578
Suczinsky, Dean, his marriage, 604
Suffolk, Duke of, suppresses insurrection, 455
Suger of St. Denis imprisons Éon de l’Étoile, 372
Suidger of Bamberg created pope, 184
Sulpicius Severus, St., favors Vigilantius, 71
Sulpitius of Bourges, 118
Suppression of monasteries in Germany, 427, 435
in England, 448, 454
means adopted for, 457
financial results of, 460
by Joseph II., 584
in France, 589
in recent times, 608-9
Suzor of Tours on clerical marriage, 594
Swabia, enforcement of celibacy in, 233
Sweden, position of concubines in, 197
enforcement of celibacy in, 252
Englishmen as bishops, 278
morals of bishops, 389
Swithin, St., marriage of, 165
Switzerland, celibacy at Constance, 229
clerical morals of, 13th century, 340
organized concubinage in, 353
Zwingli’s movement, 421
demoralization in 16th century, 429
clerical marriage in modern times, 601
Syllabus of 1864 on dissolution of marriage, 317
its political teachings, 618
argued away by Dupanloup, 642
Symmachus prohibits marriage of nuns, 111
on confessors and penitents, 567
Synesius, case of, 85
Taas, Hussite victory of, 382
Taborites, the, 383
Tacitus on morality of Germans, 118
Taillard on origin of celibacy, 30
Talasius of Angers on celibacy, 79
Talesperianus of Lucca, charter of, 127
Talleyrand secularizes church property, 589
Talon, Omer, on marriage of apostates, 501
Tamar and Judah, 21
Tanner, Dr., on number of ejected priests, 480
Tapas, character of, 24
Tarento, Archb. of, advocates marriage, 631
Tarragona, Council of, in 516, 80
in 1591, 562
in 1717, 626
Tatianus, heresy of, 33
Taxes of the Penitentiary, 428, 517
Teachers, character of monastic, 618
Teaching, political, of monachism, 618
Tedaldo, Archbishop of Milan, 219
Templars, military order of, 362
Temporal possessions (see Secularization).
Temporalities of church endangered by marriage, 63, 407
of married clerks, seizure of, 258
Tenure of chastity, benefices held by, 311
Terbinthus, teacher of Manes, 44
Terouane, marriage of priests in, 262
Terror, the, position of priests under, 590
persecution of celibacy, 593
Sisters of Charity tolerated, 613
Tertullian denounces second marriages, 36
on virginity of the Virgin, 68
on merits of widows and virgins, 96
on accusations against Christians, 208
Test, clerical marriage as a, 592
Tetradius, St., Rule of, 112
Tetzel, sale of indulgences by, 413
Teutonic Knights, order of, 366
marriage of, 434
tribes, virtue of, 82
Thane-right, 173
Theatricals in nunneries, 527
Theocracy proposed by Gregory VII., 223
Theodatus of Corvey, success of, 227
Theodore of Canterbury, his penitential, 48, 162
on sacrament of sinful priests, 195
Theodore Studita on monastic morals, 109
Theodoric of Verdun, his remonstrances, 233
Theodoric a Niem on John XXII., 344
on Swedish bishops, 389
Theodosius the Great suppresses polygamy, 38
prohibits shaving of nuns, 104
restricts monachism, 108
Theodosius of Jerusalem, 107
Theodulf of Orleans on incest, 138
Theodwin and Albert at Council of Avranches, 319
Theophilus of Alexandria, rigor of, 349
Theophylact on “unius uxoris vir,” 38
Therapeutæ, 26
Thessalonica, celibacy enforced in, 86
Thibaut of Oxford on priests’ children, 276
Thomas Aquinas (see Aquinas).
Thomas à Becket on simony, 284
Thomas of Cantinpré on corrupting influence of priesthood, 350
Thomas of Walden on Wickliffe, 379
Thomas, Wm., on English monasteries, 452
de Thou, on refusal to grant clerical marriage, 544
Thuringia, the Brethren of the Cross, 385
Thurles, Council of, in 1850, 626, 633
Tibet, number of monks in, 95
Tibullus on purity required for sacrifice, 49
Timotheists, their heresy, 376
Tithes, seizure of, by the laity, 258
Toledo, Council of, in 398, 196, 566
in 400, 75, 105
in 531, 80
in 589, 80, 120
in 597 and 633, 80
in 653, 80, 121
in 655, 121
in 675, 80
in 1565 and 1582, 562, 574
discipline of, in Spanish church, 302
Toleration of attacks by Rome, 386, 415, 417
Toleration, condemned by the church, 618
Tonsure, differences as to, 161, 163
Toribio, St., of Peru, 564
Torné of Bourges, his marriage, 591
Tortosa, Council of, in 1429, 311, 364
Torture not allowed in trials for solicitation, 571
Toul, hereditary transmission in, 266
relaxation of discipline in, 326
Toulouse, Council of, in 1056, 255, 304
in 1119, 208, 267
in 1850, 626, 633
spread of heresy in, 207, 370
Tournay, Synod of, in 1520, 575
in 1574, 560
Tournon, Cardinal, his efforts at reform, 515
Tours, Council of, in 460, 80
in 567, 80, 120
in 925, 146
in 1060, 198, 255
in 1096, 263
in 1163, 319
in 1583, 560
in 1849, 626
Trani, married bishop deposed, 197
civil marriage valid in, 606
Transaction of Cadam, 439
of Passau, 443
Transsubstantiation, Wickliffe’s error on, 378
Treason, English monks punished for, 451, 457
Treglia, Andrea, case of, 606
Tréguier, residence of relatives forbidden, 332
Trent, Council of, 514-45
expectations with regard to it, 441, 443
it authorizes dispensations for married priests, 442
its canons on matrimony, 534-6
on adultery, 566
its non-reception in France, 546
its reception elsewhere, 547
failure of its reforms, 548 sqq.
enforcement of its canons, 552, 553, 554
it avoids reference to abuse of confessional, 568
on power of absolution, 575
on age of ordination, 624
on gift of chastity, 624
on residence of women, 626, 628
on celibacy as matter of faith, 640
Trèves, persecution of married clergy in, 234
morals of clergy, in 12th century, 248
Archbp., asks for clerical marriage, 539
effort for clerical marriage, in 1833, 601
proportion of clergy in, 631
Synod of, in 1548, 525
in 1549, 526
in 1678, 562
Trialogus, Wickliffe’s, 380
Tribunal, mixed, for married priests, 257
Tribur, assembly of, in 1076, 237
Trinidad and Mercede, Orders of, 311
Trithemius on Benedictine saints, 113
on monastic immorality, 404
Tropea, sister of Pier-Leone, 342
Trosley, Council of, in 909, 141
Troyes, Synod of, in 1107, 245
in 1128, 362
Tsadukim, hereditary priesthood of, 22
their conservatism, 24
Tuam, Council of, in 1854, 633
Tudeschi, Nich., advocates clerical marriage, 406
Turin, Council of, in 401, 75
Turner, John, penance of, 481
Turquoing, suppression of unauthorized orders in, 622
Tuscany, priestly marriage defended in, 199
clerical morals in 18th century, 586
Tyndale advocates priestly marriage, 462
Ulric, St., of Augsburg on priestly marriage, 149
Ulric of Bohemia founds Abbey of Zagow, 181
Ulric of Tegernsee on bigamy, 181
Umbilicani, 24
Umiliati, their struggle with St. Charles Borromeo, 551
Unchastity, forgiveness for, in False Decretals, 136
punished as homicide, 169
United States, priestly marriage in, 607
morality of clergy in, 625
recent Councils of, 626-7, 633
University Fellows, celibacy of, 492
Urban II. on sacraments of sinful priests, 195
creates Conrad King of Lombardy, 220
reconciles the Milanese clergy, 220
holds Council of Piacenza, 221
enforcement of celibacy attributed to, 225
not recognized in Germany, 241
his enforcement of celibacy, 242
protects Flemish priests, 261
declares marriage incompatible with Orders, 313
Urban III. enforces celibacy in Dalmatia, 250
Urban VIII. on abuse of confessional, 573
Urbicus of Clermont, case of, 73
Urbino, Council of, in 1569, 553
in 1859, 627
Urraca, Queen, 306
Useria, supposed wife of Eriberto of Milan, 209
Utopia, Sir Thomas More’s, 446
Utraquists, the, 384
Utrecht, condition of nunneries, 14th century, 340
reception of Council of Trent in, 553
Synods of, in 1561 and 1565, 554
in 1865, 627, 633
Vagabond monks, 102, 109, 115
Vagabondage, Tudor laws on, 455, 460
Valence, Council of, in 374, 100, 103
Valencia, Council of, in 1255, 309
in 1565, 562
Valens, his restrictions on monachism, 99
Valentinian on clerical morals, 63
Valentinus, heresy of, 33
Valesians, sect of, 40
Valladolid, Council of, in 1322, 310, 364
Vallombrosa, monks of, 183
Vanaprasthas, class of, 23
Varahran I. persecutes Manichæism, 43
Vatican, Council of, in 1870, 603
its decree of infallibility, 608
number of women in, 1882, 628
Vaudois, the, 373
Vedas, doctrine of Tapas in, 24
Vega, Fray Juan de la, 572
Veil, taking the, a marriage with Christ, 104
Velda, Dr., case of, 570
Venality of officials, 253, 278, 284, 293, 312, 321, 327, 332, 337, 339, 345, 396, 401, 433, 517, 522
Venantius of Syracuse, case of, 113
Venezuela, suppression of monasteries in, 609
Venice, relaxation of the canon in, 205
number of priests in, 588
Council of, in 1859, 627
Vercelli, troubles of married priests in, 152
Verdun, reform of monks of, 264
Veringen, Count of, case of, 235
Verneuil, Synod of, in 755, 134
Vernon, Council of, in 845, 139
Verona, trouble with married priests, 151
Vertfeuil, extent of heresy in, 370
Vestal Virgins, 50
Vestments, monastic, salvation ensured by, 335
Veuillot, Louis, on droit de marquette, 355
Vicenza, Council of Trent transferred to, 520
Victimes de l’Amour de Dieu, 613
Victor II., his efforts at reform, 191
enforces celibacy in France, 255
Victor III. on Italian church, 180
Victricius opposes Vigilantius, 71
Vienna, Council of, in 1267, 251
in 1858, 627, 633
Vienne, Council of, in 1060, 198
in 1311, 376
Vigilantius, his resistance to celibacy, 70
Vihara, Buddhist monastery, 94
Villa, father, of Monza, 621
Villiers, Abbé, defends celibacy, 582
Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, 366
Vincent, St., de Paul, 612
Vintimiglia, Nunzio, his negotiations with Maximilian II., 543
Virgil, Polydor, on celibacy in England, 273
Virgin Mary, heresies concerning, 68
her message to Gregory VII., 226
Virginal, Curé of, his opinions, 623
Virginity, extravagant praises of, 45, 347, 349
by Chrysostom, 86
importance attributed to, 98
by the Fraticelli, 377
by Wickliffe, 380
compared with marriage, 46, 47, 96, 318, 347
superiority of, a Tridentine dogma
of morals, 536, 641
St. Jerome on its rarity, 624
perpetual, of the Virgin, 68
vows of (see Vows).
Virgins, priests to marry none but, 38
number of, in early church, 98
professed (see Nuns).
Visconti, Nunzio, on marriage at Trent, 535
Visitation of monasteries by Archbishop Morton, 399
by Archbishop Warham, 447
ordered by Henry VIII., 451
its effect, 453
Vitalis of Mortain preaches reform, 258
Vitry, Jacques de, case of, 398
Vladislas II. on clerical immorality, 401
Vows of chastity, introduction of, 41
not favored in early church, 48
their temporary character, 41, 97
their increasing permanency, 105
rendered irrevocable by Gregory I., 113
infanticide caused by them, 100
are ordered for subdeacons, 124
their perversion, 127
made a prerequisite to holy orders, 179
work dissolution of marriage, 313
difference between simple and formal, 321
are denounced by Lollards, 381
by Luther, 421
are maintained in the Six Articles, 469
prelates at Trent sworn to support them, 533
their observance a point of faith, 641
papal dispensation for, 535, 642
never granted by Pius IX., 611
minimum age for, defined by Pius IX., 611
limited to five years in France, 613
Vows, monastic, rendered indissoluble in the East, 107
of the military orders, 362
Vrie, Theodoric, on clerical immorality, 389
Wahu, Dr., on monastic schools, 619
on cases of clerical prosecution, 636
Wake, Archbishop, his correspondence with Du Pin, 582
Waldemar II. on concubines, 197
Walden, Abbot of, his marriage, 463
Waldo, Peter, 372
Waldenses, the, 373
Waldeck, Count of, his treatment of monks, 435
Wales, celibacy in early church, 163
state of church in 9th century, 171
priestly marriage in 13th century, 285
its persistence, 294
Walter of Orleans on residence of female relatives, 138
Warham, Archbishop, his visitation, 447
Wartburg, Luther’s confinement in, 419
Watten, Priory of, its troubles, 260
Wealth of church, its growth, 63
Wedlock (see Marriage).
Wenceslas of Bohemia, his reforms, 383
Wendt, Rev. Mr., case of, 636
Wer-gild of priest, 173
of children of clerks, 336
Western monachism, character of, 109, 112
Westminster, Council of, in 1127, 280
in 1138, 281
short-lived bishopric of, 460
canons of, ejected, 479
Westmoreland, Earl of, his insurrection in 1569, 496
Weston, Dr., story of, 477
Wexford, married priests of, 298
Whitby, Synod of, in 664, 161
Wiburn, Percival, on marriage of Anglican clergy, 495
Wicelius, George, on clerical marriage, 542
Wickliffe on sacraments of sinful priests, 196
his reforms, 378
Widowhood, vows of, license caused by, 127
Widows, priests not to marry, 39
order of, in early church, 42, 96
comparison of, with virgins, 46, 96, 347
professed, marriage of, 110
Wied, Hermann von, his attempts at reform, 518
Wiesbaden, clerical marriage in 1821, 601
Wilfreda, St., 167
William of Bavaria on church corruption, 527
William of Cantilupe enforces celibacy, 288
William of Cologne forbids marriage of monks, 340
William the Conqueror enforces celibacy in Normandy, 257
permits marriage in Britanny, 259
neglects reform in England, 271
William of Hilderniss, 385
William the Lion on concubines, 197
persecutes the clergy, 301
William of Malmesbury on Anglo-Saxon church, 176
William of Paderborn, his failure to reform, 340
William of Sabina, legate to Spain, 310
William of Strassburg excommunicates married priests, 424
Willibrod, St., his labors, 126
Wills, ecclesiastical, providing for children, 337
Winchester, reform of monastery of, 168, 169
Council of, in 1070, 272
in 1076, 273
in 1139, 371
hereditary transmission in, 286
Windsor, Synod of, in 1070, 272
Wine of Eucharist in early church, 44
abstinence from, not recommended, 48
Wishart, George, his trial, 510
Wisigothic laws on clerical celibacy, 121
on church property, 123
Wisigoths of Spain, state of church under, 120
Witgar of Mendlesham, 282
Witiza, his licentious laws, 121
Witnesses, use of ordeal for, 140
married priests not admitted as, 294
four required to prove solicitation, 571
Wittenberg, books of canon law burned at, 418
Synod of, in 1522, 420
Wives, demerit of, 46
adulterous, to be put away, 39
of Huguenot pastors, 498
of Anglican clergy, their position, 496
of bishops, their retention, 85, 88
to be separated, 89
under the Franks, 119
in Gothic Spain, 121
they rank as countesses, 259
their position in Anglican church, 495
consent of, requisite for episcopate, 249
for diaconate, 250, 251
for monastic vows, 324
of monks to become nuns, 114, 205, 324
of priests, their cohabitation permitted, 28, 48
forbidden by Council of Elvira, 50
permitted by Councils of Ancyra and Neocæsarea, 51
and by Council of Nicæa, 53, 54
and through the 4th century, 55, 58, 61, 79
forbidden by Damasus, 64
and by Siricius, 65
forbidden in Gaul and Spain, 75
and in Africa, 73
permitted in the East, 86, 89
custom in modern Russia, 91
their position under the Franks, 120
legislation in Gothic Spain, 121
are to be treated as sisters, 124
in Italy, in 8th century, 127
they cause dilapidation of property, 147
Anglo-Saxon denunciation of, 175
are stigmatized as concubines, 196
their fidelity, 202
their sufferings, 235
are declared slaves of church, 189
are reduced to slavery, 242, 309
their seizure threatened, 261
treatment of, in England, 274, 277, 287
they assist at altar in Germany, 318
are liable to death under the Six Articles, 468
legislation under Queen Mary, 485
are assumed to be serving women, 485
of subdeacons to be separated, 124
Wolff, Christian, on Paphnutius, 57
on Council of Trent, 640
Wolfgang of Ratisbon exhorts to chastity, 152
Wolf-hunts, priests obliged to join in, 303
Wolsey, Cardinal, attacks monastic orders, 447
his fall, 449
Women, abstinence from, in pagan priesthood, 49
not admitted in temple of Hercules, 50
admitted to monasteries, 101
their exclusion from monasteries, 403
their ministration forbidden, 60
their teaching forbidden, 60
discredited as witnesses, 571
rules for, in visiting bishops, 119
residence of (see Residence).
Wood, T., on position of Anglican clergy, 497
Worcester, reformation of monks in, 169
Chapter of, disorders of, 491
Works, merits of, in Catholicism, 115
in Calvinism, 498
justification by, in Scotland, 506
in Knox’s confession, 512
Worms, Diet of, in 1076, 234
Wurtzburg, Council of, in 1446, 377
in 1548, 528
character of clergy, in 1521, 431
clerical marriage in, 555
Wu-Tsung, his persecution of Buddhism, 95
Wyatt’s rebellion, suppression of, 478
Ximenes reforms the Franciscans, 402
Yoga system, asceticism of, 23
York, its claim on Scottish church, 161
Council of, in 1195, 288
Wolsey’s reformation at, 447
married priests ejected in, 480
Ypres, Synod of, in 1629, 562
abuse of confessional in 1768, 577
Yves of Chartres (see Ivo).
Zabarella, Cardinal, advocates clerical marriage, 406
Zabolcs, Synod of, in 1092, 248
Zaccaria on origin of celibacy, 29
on the Nicene canon, 55
on Gregory of Nazianzum, 58
on dissolution of priestly marriage, 317
his defence of celibacy, 583-4
Zachary, Pope, on Frankish church, 130
on Saxon church, 164
Zaga Zabo, his account of Coptic church, 93
Zagow, Abbey of, foundation of, 181
Zurich, priests of, defend their women, 340
Zwilling, Gabriel, preaches against monasticism, 421
Zwingli demands priestly marriage, 421