INDEX

Abuses, of immigration privileges and laws, 42, 43, 63-69, 78-84, 92, 93 Adams, Representative, of Pennsylvania, 74, 97 Admission, see Immigrants Africans, 124 Alabama, 113 Albany, New York, 22 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 3 Alien, admission, 53-64; advance in numbers and distribution, 15-50, 102-117; characterized, 236, 237, 258; ideas imported, 241; loss of religious faith, 271; opinion of America, 272; protection, 65-68; restriction, 68-84 Aliens, classes excluded, 77, 78; total since American Revolution, 28 America, duty to guard its own genius, 232; mission, 10, 269; must be kept Christian, 271; unique mission field, 269 American, Christians, duty of, 10, 11, 44-47; fair play, 73; ideals to be preserved, 11, 46, 47, 91, 238, 239, 262; institutions, 232, 261; liberty, 117; Protestantism, 16, 47, 254, 255, 288; teacher in Syria, 39; Tract Society, 50; type of nationality, 11, 45, 46, 92, 238, 240 Americanization of immigrants, 10, 14, 46, 113, 126, 176, 242; children promoting, 205, 223, 259, 260 Anderson, Herbert, 268 Antwerp, 99 Appeal, right of, by excluded, 77, 78 Ardan, Ivan, 181, 182 Armenians, 124 Asia, immigrants from, 20, 21, 113 Assimilation of foreign peoples, 270, 271; aid to, 293 Assisted immigration, 43, 77, 93, 101 Associated Charities of Boston, 96 Atchison, Rena M., 194, 247 Attila, 27 Australians, as immigrants, 22 Austria, 81, 82 Austria-Hungary, 92, 165; immigrants from, 21, 25, 72 Baldwin, Mrs. S. L., 72, 73 Baltimore, 53 Barrows, Dr. S. J., 142 Battery, the, 54, 62, 108 Belgians, as immigrants, 21 Belgium, 29 Berlin, 199 Betts, Mrs. Lillian W., 151, 152, 204 Bible, 34, 167, 174, 283, 288 "Birds of passage," 71, 135 Blackwell's Island, 139 Board of Special Inquiry, 62 Bohemians, as immigrants, 21, 165-170; city centers, 166; freethinking tendencies, 168, 169; Protestant in spirit, 165-168; religious work among, 285 Booth, General William, 194 Bosnians, 183 Boston, 24, 53, 83, 198; Italian Society, 111 Boyesen, Professor, 28, 89, 90, 234 Brandenburg, Broughton, 41, 65-68, 82, 97, 98, 101 Bremen, 82, 99 Brooklyn, 148 Brooks, Phillips, 232 Bryce, James, 200 Buffalo, 172 Bulgarians, as immigrants, 21, 183 Bureau of Information, 110 Burlington, Iowa, 20 Calvin, 172 Cambridge, Massachusetts, 24 Canada, 27; ingress from, 53, 77, 92 Canadians, as immigrants, 21 Carr, Mr. 138 Carroll, Dr. H. K., 174 Castle Garden, 28 Celtic peoples, 123 Chandler, ex-Senator, 214 Chattanooga, Immigration Bureau in, 113 Chicago, 36, 166-172, 176, 187, 198 Childhood, the blighting of, 225, 226 Children, condition of, in great cities, 221, 222; number of, at work, 224, 226 Chinese, as immigrants, 21, 40, 72, 73; converts, 73, 89, 269; exclusion act, 70, 73; Sunday-schools for, 289 Chivers, Dr. E. E., 267 Chopin, 172 Christ, 44, 277 Christian attitude toward immigrants, 44-47, 270; coöperation and federation, 286; optimism, 8, 117, 262 Christianity, converts to, 73; its first impression for newcomers, 277, 278 Churches, duty and opportunity of, 270, 282, 286; abandoning lower New York, 278; must be missionary, 270; saving themselves through saving immigrants, 285; work for foreigners, 289 Cincinnati, 23 Citizenship, how degraded, 214 City, the, bad government of, 200; conditions of tenement-house life in, 201, 210; demoralizing influences, 209, 214; environment offered immigrants, 196, 201-206; foreignization of, 198, 199, 217; isolation of foreigners in, 205; nerve and storm center, 193; overcrowding, 203, 206; political evils, 214 City College, many Jewish pupils in, 189 Civil War, effect on immigration, 26, 31 Claghorn, Kate H., 97, 259 Cleveland, Ohio, 24, 166, 169, 172 Cleveland, President, 96 Colonies, foreign, in America, 196, 198, 200, 217 Colonists distinguished from immigrants, 45, 46 Columbia University, 13 Columbus, Christopher, 188 Commissioner-General of Immigration, 25, 76-78, 83, 92, 93; of the Port, 77 Coney Island, 150 Congestion of foreign elements in cities, 195 Congress, acts of, 70 Connecticut, 173, 174, 180 Consumption, statistics of, 220; foreign element largely its victims, 220 Contract labor exclusion, 77, 82, 92; violation, 82, 83 Convicts, excluded, 77 Cook, Joseph, 52 Coolies, Chinese, excluded, 70 Coöperation, interdenominational, 286; of Home Mission Boards, 288 Copernicus, 172 Crime, conditions favorable to increase of, 209, 224; foreigners led into by environment and example, 209 Croatians, 124, 183 Czechs, see Bohemians Dalmatians, as immigrants, 183 Danes, as immigrants, 21 Debarred, see Excluded Democracy, influence of upon aliens, 296, 298 Denmark, immigrants from, 23 Detroit, 21, 172 Discrimination needed as to immigrants, 127 Diseases guarded against, 57, 59, 60, 74, 77, 78, 93 Distribution of immigrants, 102-117; New York state, 105, 107; New Zealand methods, 116; North Atlantic section, 105; Ohio, 107; Pennsylvania, 105, 107; railroads assisting, 116; societies aiding, 107-113; South Central states, 105; West Virginia, 107; Western section, 105 Dublin, 199 Dutch, as immigrants, 21 Eastern invasion, the, 157-192 Edison, Thomas A., 247 Educational policy affected by immigration, 246 Ellis Island, 18, 19, 35, 37, 54, 55, 59-62, 74, 83, 99, 100, 108; missionary workers at, 274; results of personal efforts at, 275 Emerson, Ralph W., 247 English, as immigrants, 19, 21, 126; language, influence of, 259, 260 Environment, evil effects of upon children, 243 Europe, American ideas working in, 33, 34; immigrants from, 20, 23, 98, 123-192 Evangelization of immigrants, 10, 16, 46, 47; accessibility, 294; illustration of, 283; most potent factor in Americanizing, 270; need for extension of, 277; personal responsibility for, 290; sporadic, not systematic, 281 Evasion of immigration laws, 78-83 Excluded classes, 74-78, 100, 101 Federation of Jewish Charities, 102 Financial panics, effect on immigration, 26, 31 Finns, as immigrants, 21 Fiume, 82, 99 Forbes, James, 139 Foreign-born, distribution of, 107 Four State Immigration League, 113 France, 34 Franklin, Benjamin, 69 Freethinkers, their societies among immigrants, 168, 169, 180, 285 French-American College, the, 280 French, as immigrants, 21 French-Canadians, Roman Catholic convention of, 257 Fung Yuet Mow, 269 Gardner, Representative, of Massachusetts, 95 Genoa, 99, 132 Germans, as immigrants, 19, 21, 35, 126 Germany, immigrants from, 25, 33, 81 Goodchild, Rev. F. M., 33, 292 Grant, Ulysses S., 247 Great Britain, immigrants from, 25, 43, 128 Greece, 92 Greek Catholic Church, 182, 184; Orthodox or Russian State Church, 182 Greeks, as immigrants, 21, 37, 41 Hall, Prescott F., 45, 70, 129 Hamburg, 82, 99 Havre, 99 Hebrew, see Jewish, Jews Herzegovinians, as immigrants, 183 Hewes, F. W., 107 Home Missions, at Ellis Island, 274; demand for extension of in New York, 287; opportunities of, for local churches, 279; personal work, 274, 290, 291; results of abroad, 269; settlement influences by residence, 292, 293 Honolulu, 53 Huguenot colonial stock, 240 Hungarians, as immigrants, 33, 128, 177-179; cafés, as social centers, 178, 179; fair degree of education, 177; open to mission work, 178 Hungary, 19, 128 Huns, 27, 165 Hunter, Robert, 194, 200 Huss, John, 166, 170 Iberic peoples, 123 Idiots, excluded, 77, 78 Illiteracy, amount of among immigrants, 22, 24, 125; test proposed, 95, 96 Immigrants, admission, 53-64; "assisted," 43, 93; approachable, 273, 282; attracted to the city, 195; debarred, 70, 71, 77, 78; diseased, 57, 60, 74, 77, 78, 93, 94; illiteracy among, 22, 23, see also Illiteracy; "manifest," 55, 56, 61; nationality, 21, 22; "natural," 31-42; ports and routes of entry, 53, 77; "solicited," 42, 43, 80-82, 93; smuggling of, 81, 92; religious census and conditions, 251, 271; value of first impression upon, 273; views of America, 272; women among, 18, 61, 76 Immigration, annual volume, 17-22; Bureau of, 76, 77, 92, 104; causes of, 29-31; Christian view of, 8; classes, 31-43; Conference of 1905, 90, 91; divine mission in, 270; economic fallacies of, 245; effect upon educational policy, 246; inspectors and officers, 59-61, 76, 77; laws, see Laws, immigration; new development of, 121-155; numbers since 1820, 25-27; process by the steerage and Ellis Island described, 55-62; Restrictive League, 96; "runner," 80-82; steamship and railroad arrangements, 55, 57, 62 Indianapolis, 22 Indians, North American, 45 Industrial Commission, 31 Insane, excluded, 77, 78 Insanity, low proportion among Italians and Jews, 140 Institutional church, need of, 286, 288 Ireland, 27, 43, immigrants from, 25, 31, 72, 128; potato famine, 25 Irish, as immigrants, 19, 21, 38, 39, 89, 126; compared with the Italians, 136, 137 Italian, Benevolent Institute, 147; Chamber of Commerce, 145; Hospital, 147; Immigration Department, 138; Savings Bank, 147 Italians, as immigrants, 19, 34, 36, 37, 110, 130; distribution, 135, 136; family coöperation, 207; generally peaceable character, 141, 142, 208; illiteracy, 22, 134; in New York, 139, 145, 206; number entering, 19, 134, 135; parallel drawn with Irish, 136, 137; societies for mutual aid, 50, 110, 145, 147; spirit of converts, 284; thrift, 139-147, 207; women homemakers, 206; Italy, 92, 131-133; government action and aid, 79, 111; immigrants from, 25, 31, 72, 79, 107; Royal Department of Emigration, 111; sections compared, 131-134 Ives, Mr., 294 Japanese, as immigrants, 40; Robinson Crusoe, 40 Jefferson, President, 68 Jerome of Prague, 166 Jersey City, 22 Jewish children as pupils, 189 Jews, as immigrants, 21, 95, 96, 113, 128, 185-190; Austria-Hungarian, 21, 186; German, 185; good qualities, 190; number of in New York, 186, 198; Roumanian, 186; Russian, 11, 12, 21, 185-180 John G. Carlisle, ferryboat, 53 Joseph II, Emperor, of Austria, 167 Juvenile Court, Jewish children in, 190 Kansas City, 22 Kosciusko, 172 Kossuth, a Slovak, 175 Labor, immigration of skilled and unskilled, 23, 24 Latin races, as immigrants, 113, 131 Lawrence, Kansas, 20 Laws, immigration, 58, 64; Bill of 1906, 95; problems, 87-119; protective, 65-68; restrictive, 68-84; summaries and recommendations, 309-313 Lee, Dr. S. H., 136, 152 Legislation, see Laws, immigration Letts, the, as immigrants, 179, 180 Liberty, American, as a working leaven, 33, 34; statue of, 57, 278 Lieber, Francis, 194 Lincoln, Abraham, 247 Lithuanians, as immigrants, 23, 36, 179, 180; illiteracy, 23 Liverpool, 99 Lodge, Senator, 96 London, 99 Long Island, as a field for Italians, 149 Longfellow, 247 Louisiana, 113 Louisville, 23 Luther, 172 Lynn, Massachusetts, 24 Machinery, effect on immigration, 43 Madison, President, 68 Mafia, the, 130, 141 Magna Charta, 34 Magyars, as immigrants, 21, 177-179; illiteracy, 23; see also Hungarians "Manifest" for immigrant, 55, 56, 61 Marine Hospital Service, 59 Marseilles, 99 Mashek, Nan, 166 Massachusetts, 142, 173 Mayo-Smith, Richmond, 52, 231, 238, 248 McLanahan, Samuel, 121 McMillan, Margaret, 225 Mexicans, as immigrants, 21 Mexico, ingress through, 92, 93 Michigan, 172 Milwaukee, 170, 172 Minneapolis, 21 Mission workers for immigrants, 274 Mississippi, 113, 183 Mitchell, Max, 102 Mongolic peoples, 124 Montenegrins, as immigrants, 21, 183 Moravians, as immigrants, 164 Music, love of by Bohemians, 169; by Italians, 144 Naples, 99, 199 National Civic Federation, 90; Slavonic Society, 176 Naturalization, illegal methods, 93, 196, 214-215; reading test desirable, 249 New Amsterdam, 45 New England, 45, 148, 173, 179; how it can remain Christian, 270, 271 New Haven, 23 New Jersey, 148, 173, 178 New Orleans, 183 New York, Bible Society, 50; State, 69, 70, 105, 107, 178, 213 New York City, 30-39, 53, 54, 62, 63, 110, 112, 139, 145, 165, 166, 169, 172, 176-189, 198, 200, 220; chief port of entry for immigrants, 53; child life and labor in, 220, 221; consumption in, 220; cosmopolitan character, 198, 199; foreign peoples in, 139, 145, 150, 166, 172, 178, 179, 186-189, 195-226 Norway, 27; immigrants from, 23, 25, 126 Occupations, of various races, 23, 24 Odessa, 99 Ogg, Frederick A., 92, 93, 99, 100 Ohio, 172 Optimism, 8, 29, 262 Ottawa, Illinois, 20 Padrones, 82, 92, 111 Parochial schools among aliens, 246, 256 Pauperism in the United States, 218; contrasted with poverty, 217; foreign percentage of, 219; increased by immigration, 219 Pennsylvania, 160-163, 172, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 213 People's Forum in Cooper Institute, 250 Persecution, affecting immigration, 29, 30, 91 Philadelphia, 38, 53, 172, 176, 179, 187 Pittsburg, 82, 172, 174, 176 Poles, as immigrants, 22, 35, 75, 76, 170-174; clannish, 173; illiteracy, 22, 173; independence, 173 Polish, Catholics, 174; girl, story of, 212; Jew, "sweater," 210; National Alliance, 170 Ports, for examination abroad, 98, 99; of entry, 53 Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 20 Poughkeepsie, New York, 20 Poverty in the United States, 218; defined, 217 Presbyterian Slavistic Union, 176 Protestantism, as related to immigrants, 9, 39, 47, 202, 166-174, 177-188, 216, 224, 251; could change conditions as to child labor, 225, 226; ought to save immigrants from moral degeneracy, 255; vast opportunity to evangelize and Americanize, 267-299 Providence, Rhode Island, 21 Public Schools, attacks upon to be resisted, 248; duty to elevate, 248; foreign children in, 198, 223, 248; power to Americanize, 234, 248, 256 Publicity, value of, 83, 90 Quarantine, 56, 62 Railroads and immigrants, 62, 63 Reich, Emil, 131 Religious census of immigrants in 1900, 251 Removal Bureau, for directing Jewish emigrants, 111 Reports, Commissioner-General, 25, 143 Riis, Jacob, 194, 216 Roman Catholic Church, as related to immigrants, 133, 151, 152, 167, 168, 172-174, 177-184, 247, 248, 251, 256, 257, 271, 297; efforts to get public money for parochial schools, 246; some lessons to be learned from, 279 Roosevelt, President, 51, 73, 88, 92, 96, 179 Rossi, Adolpho, 138, 147 Rotterdam, 99 Roumanians, as immigrants, 19, 21; see also Jews Rovinanek, Mr., 174, 175 Russia, 34, 128; immigrants from, 25, 81, 217 Russian empire, 19; Jews, 11, 19, 112; persecution, 29, 30 Saint Louis, 145, 198 Saint Nazaire, 99 Saloon, evil effects of, 216, 217 Sampson, Sidney, 260 San Francisco, 41, 53, 73, 148 Saratoga Springs, New York, 20 Sargent, Commissioner-General, 28, 103, 158, 203 Scandinavians, 27; agricultural tendency, 127; useful immigrants, 19, 21, 126, 217; small illiteracy, 23 Schauffler, Dr. A. F, 30, 195 Schauffler, Dr. H. A., 293 Scotch, as immigrants, 21, 126; small illiteracy, 23 Scotland, 27 Secretary of Commerce and Labor, 77, 78 Seelye, ex-President of Amherst, 255 Servian immigrants, 21 Settlement service by religion and residence, 292, 293 Sioux Falls, Iowa, 20 Slavic home missionaries, 293, 294; peoples, 124 Slavs, as immigrants, 21, 79, 107, 113, 127, 128, 157-192; defined, 159, 160; displacing other peoples, 160, 162; illiteracy, 23, 164; largely unskilled, 164; migration of recent date, 160; mostly mine and factory workers, 164; native workers among, 285 Slovaks, as immigrants, 174-176; from agricultural class, 175; organizations among, 176; tinware workers, 176 Slovenians, as immigrants, 183 Slums, peril of the children in, 220-224; poverty and pauperism of, 217-219 Socialism, bred in the slums, 202 Societies in aid of immigrants by races, 110-112 Society for Italian immigrants, 50, 110, 111 Solicitation, as affecting immigration, 42, 43, 80-82, 93 South American immigrants, 21 South Carolina, 113 South, the New, as a field for immigrants, 113 Southampton, 99 Spahr, Dr. Charles B., 260 Spanish immigrants, 21, 217 Special Inquiry Board, 77 Speranza, Gino C., 88, 145 "Stairs of Separation," 62, 63 Standards of living, lowered through immigration, 244 States and countries as a scale of immigration, 24, 25, 27, 28 Statistics of immigration, aliens since Revolution, 28; arrivals by years from 1820 to 1905, 305; child labor in New York City, and in United States, 226, 227; countries by totals, 127-129; debarred during fourteen years, and by race or people, 77, 303; distribution by states, 105-107; entries at ports and through Canada, 53; estimated immigration for 1905-6, 20; illiteracy, 21-23, 134, 164; increase of immigrants for 1905, 25; inflow since 1820, 25-27; insanity, 140; Italians, by years, locality, and occupation, 134, 135, 143; Jews, chiefly Russian, 185, 186, 198; labor skilled and unskilled, 23, 24, 134, 164; mendicancy, 140; money sent from United States to aid immigrants, 31; present annual race totals illustrated, 20-23; race, sex, and age of immigrants for 1905, 306; religious divisions for 1900, 251; savings and investments of Italians, 145, 146; Slavs for 1905, 159, see also, for distribution and occupation, 165-183; tendency among Italians to forsake Roman Catholic Church, 271 Steamships for immigrants, 55, 57; overcrowding, 65; rate cutting, 79; steerage abuses and reforms, 65-68; unkind treatment, 57, 58, 67; unsanitary arrangements, 65-67; violation of laws, 78-84 Stettin, 99 Strong, Dr. Josiah, 9-16, 193, 194, 256, 257 Sunday laws and observance, as affected by immigration, 72, 237, 241, 252-254; Sunday-schools, among immigrants, 284, 294 Sweat-shop, description of system, 209, 210; reproach to Christian civilization, 210; victims of, 210-213 Sweden, 27; immigrants from, 23, 25, 33, 37, 38, 126 Swiss, as immigrants, 21, 28 Switzerland, 27, 43 Syrian immigrants, 23, 39 Tariff, effect on immigration, 44 Temperance, large measure of, among Chinese, Italians, and Jews, 73, 141, 190 Tenement-houses, description of life in, 204-208; evils of, 201; exorbitant rents, 202; model block of suggested, 288; responsibility of landlords, 202; unsanitary conditions of, 211 Tent campaign, winning Italians, 282 Teutonic peoples, 123 Texas, 113 Thompson, Dr. Charles L., 117, 268 Training schools, needed in work among aliens, 286 Trieste, 99 Tuoti, Mr. G., 145 Turks, as immigrants, 21; illiteracy, 23 Tymkevich, Paul, 158 United Hebrew Charities, 111, 219, 277 United Kingdom, see Great Britain United States, agencies of helpful to immigrants, 50, 54, 57-63, 111, 274; "assisted" immigration to, 43, 93; attraction of, 29-42; Immigration Investigating Commission, 112, 113; Industrial Commission on Immigration, 141; legislation as to immigrants, see Laws, immigration; money from relatives in, to aid immigrants, 31; national songs, 34; Post-office, an immigration agency, 33; see also Commissioner-General of Immigration, Ports of entry Venice, 199 Vincennes, Indiana, 20 Virginia, 45, 175 Vote, foreign, peril of, 249 Walker, General Francis A., 232 Ward, Robert D., 194 Warne, F. J., 157, 158, 162, 246 Warsaw, 199 Washington, city of, 24; President, 68 Watchorn, Commissioner Robert, 30, 82 Welsh, as immigrants, 21, 126 Whelpley, J. D., 16, 70, 79, 94, 101 Wisconsin, 167 Women immigrants, 18, 35, 38, 39, 57, 61, 67, 75, 76, 304; special inspection for, 61, 76 Work of leading denominations for foreign population, 314-320 Yiddish language, 198 Young people, as creators of public sentiment, 197; opportunity of for Christian service, 10 Ziska, General, 166

FOOTNOTES:

The Forward Mission Study Courses

"Anywhere, provided it be forward."—David Livingstone

Prepared under the auspices of the

YOUNG PEOPLE'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT

Executive Committee:—Harry Wade Hicks, S. Earl Taylor, John W. Wood, F. P. Haggard, T. H. P. Sailer.

The Forward Mission Study Courses are an outgrowth of a conference of leaders in Young People's Mission Work, held in New York City, December, 1901. To meet the need that was manifested at that conference for Mission Study Text-books suitable for young people, two of the delegates, Professor Amos R. Wells, of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, and Mr. S. Earl Taylor, Chairman of the General Missionary Committee of the Epworth League, projected the Forward Mission Study Courses. These courses have been officially adopted by the Young People's Missionary Movement, and are now under the immediate direction of the Executive Committee of the Movement, which consists of the young people's secretaries, or other official representatives of twelve of the leading missionary boards of the United States and Canada.

The aim is to publish a series of text-books covering the various home and foreign mission fields, and written by leading authorities with special reference to the needs of young people. The entire series when completed will comprise perhaps as many as twenty text-books. A general account will be given of some of the smaller countries, such as Japan, Korea, and Turkey; but, for the larger fields, as China, Africa, and India, the general account will be supplemented by a series of biographies of the principal missionaries connected with the country. The various home mission fields will also be treated both biographically and historically.

The following text-books have been published:—

1. The Price of Africa. (Biographical.) By S. Earl Taylor.

2. Into All the World. A General Survey of Missions. By Amos R. Wells.

3. Princely Men in the Heavenly Kingdom. (Biographical.) By Harlan P. Beach, M.A., F.R.G.S.

4. Child Life in Mission Lands. A Course of Study for Junior Societies. By Ralph E. Diffendorfer.

5. Sunrise in the Sunrise Kingdom. A Study of Japan. By the Rev. John H. De Forest, D.D.

6. Heroes of the Cross in America. Home Missions. (Biographical.) By Don O. Shelton.

7. Daybreak in the Dark Continent. A Study of Africa. By Wilson S. Naylor.

8. The Christian Conquest of India. A Study of India. By Bishop James M. Thoburn.

9. Aliens or Americans? A Study of Immigration. By Rev. Howard B. Grose, Ph.D.

These books are published by mutual arrangement among the denominational publishing houses, to whom all orders should be addressed. They are bound uniformly, and are sold for 50 cents, in cloth, and 35 cents, in paper, postage extra.

Study classes desiring more advanced text-books are referred to the admirable series published by the Interdenominational Committee of the Woman's Boards. The volumes already published are:—

Via Christi. A Study of Missions before Carey. By Louise Manning Hodgkins.

Lux Christi. A Study of Missions in India. By Caroline Atwater Mason.

Rex Christus. A Study of Missions in China. By Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D.

Dux Christus. A Study of Missions in Japan. By Rev. W. E. Griffis, D.D.

Christus Liberator. A Study of Missions in Africa. By Ellen C. Parsons.

Christus Redemptor. A Study of the Island World. By Helen Barrett Montgomery.