Diagrams and Tables. (continued 2)

The country is well watered by numerous large lakes and rivers. There are at least 600,000 square miles fitted for agriculture. One of the most fertile belts is the Saskatchewan, through a portion of which the Canadian Pacific Railway passes.

Public affairs in the hands of a Lieutenant Governor and Council. Capital, Regina. Number of churches, 44. School population, 578.

Population, census of 1881, 56,446: male, 28,113; female, 28,333.

BRITISH COLUMBIA.Ko-lŭm´be-a´.

Colony established 1858; admitted into the Dominion, 1871. Area, including Vancouver's Island, 341,305 square miles. Population, 49,459. Climate milder than that of same latitude on the Atlantic coast. Country traversed by Rocky and Cascade Mountains. Loftiest peak, Mount Browne, 16,000 feet high. Government consists of a Lieutenant Governor, an Executive Council, and a Legislative Assembly, elected by the people. Capital, Victoria; pop., 5,925.

Amount of land occupied, 441,255 acres; improved, 184,885 acres. Grain product, 1881, 559,220 bu.; potatoes, 556,193 bu.; hops, 24,899 lbs. Farm animals, 151,202. Butter made on farms, 343,387 lbs.; cheese, 33,252. Value of fur product, $153,442. Timber product, 2,427,882 cu. ft. There are 406 fisheries. Salmon product, 50,105 bbls.; other fish, 12,767 bbls. Fish oil 237,492 gals.

The mineral wealth of the Province is very great, the chief source being coal. On the mainland and Vancouver's Island large deposits of bituminous coal are found, and on Queen Charlotte's Island a fine grade of anthracite. Gold is found in various localities. In ten years the yield in the Province exceeded $22,000,000.

ALASKA.A-las´-ka.

At the time of its discovery by the Russians, it was called by the natives Alayeska, which has changed through Alaksa and Alashka to its present form. Largest possession of United States; discovered by Vitus Behring, 1741; purchased from Russia, 1867.

Area, 531,409 square miles: Arctic division, 125,245; Yukon, 176,515; Kuskokvim, 114,975; Aleutian, 14,610; Kadiak, 70,884; Southeastern, 28,980. Extreme length, north and south, 1,100 miles; extreme breadth, 800 miles. Yukon, the great highway through the country, navigable in summer about 700 miles; coast line, exclusive of smaller indentations, over 4,000 miles.

Climate of Pacific coast much modified by the Pacific gulf stream and the long days of summer: mean annual temperature of Yukon country, about 25°; at Sitka, about 44°; winter temperature at latter place about that of Washington, D.C. Rainfall copious, and foggy weather common on coasts and islands; Sitka one of rainiest places in the world outside the tropics, the annual precipitation being 65 to 90 inches, and number rainy days 200 to 285.

Sitka is seat of Bishop of Greek church, and headquarters of the Governor, who assumed official control, December, 1884. Pop., 995: white, 163; creole, 219; Thlinket, 613. Other settlements next in importance are Fort St. Nicholas, Cook's Inlet and Fort St. Michael, Norton's Sound. Harbors at Port Clarence, Michaelooski and Captain's Harbor.

Salaries Territor'l Officers. Governor $3,000 District Judge 3,000 Clerk of Dist. Court & ex-officio Sec. & Treas. 2,500 Dist. Attorney 2,500 Marshal and Surveyor General 2,600 Col. of Customs 2,500 & fees 3 Deputy Colls. 1,500 1 Deputy Col. 1,200 2 Inspectors, per day 3

Number persons employed in fisheries, 6,130; capital invested, $447,000; value of products, $2,661,640; value of seal fisheries, $2,096,500; value general fisheries, $564,640.

Total pop., 33,426; white, 430; creole, 1,756; Innuit, 17,617; Aleut, 2,145; Tinneh, 3,927; Thlinket, 6,763; Hyda, 788.

Aleutian and Sitka districts are the agricultural regions. Most fertile land near Cook's Inlet; good oats, barley and root crops are raised here without much difficulty. Rich grass land in the valley of Yukon, but extreme dampness and want of summer heat prevent the ripening of grain. Timber abundant on mainland; yellow cedar the best, being of great value for boat-building. Edible berries are plentiful.

A fine quality of white marble is found on Lynn Channel; coal, amber and lignite on Aleutian Islands, the best coal being on Cook's Inlet. Gold, silver, copper, cinnabar and iron are found; sulphur is abundant in volcanic districts.

Noted for its fur-bearing animals, the chief of which are beaver, ermine, fox, marten, otter, squirrel and wolf. The main source of revenue is the fur seal, the taking of which is regulated by law. The United States receives a revenue from the company to which the monopoly of the trade is granted. The walrus is of value in furnishing ivory and oil. Whales, cod, herring and halibut abound, and various species of salmon are found.

MEXICO.

A large republic, forming southwestern boundary of the United States. Area, 743,948 square miles; northern frontier, 1,400 miles; southern frontier, 345 miles; seacoast, 6,086 miles. Number of States, 27; Federal District, 1; Territories, 2.

POLITICAL DIVISIONS.

Name. Area, Sq. Mls. Population. Capitals. Pop.

Aguascalientes 2,895 139,800 Aguascalientes 39,000

Campeche 25,832 90,413 Campeche 12,600

Chiapas 16,048 200,000 San Cristobal 15,000

Chihuahua 83,746 245,657 Chihuahua 20,006

Coahuila 50,890 144,594 Saltillo 24,000

Colima 3,743 65,827 Colima 31,744

Durango 42,510 200,000 Durango 28,000

Guanajuato 11,411 898,072 Guanajuato 73,500

Guerrero 24,550 325,000 Chilpancingo 3,300

Hidalgo 8,163 500,000 Pachuca 25,000

Jalisco 39,168 934,850 Guadalajara 93,875

Mexico 7,838 710,579 Toluca 13,500

Michoacan 25,689 784,108 Morelia 25,000

Morelos 1,776 160,300 Cuernavaca 16,000

Nuevo Leon 23,635 210,000 Monterey 50,000

Oaxaca 33,591 754,468 Oaxaca 26,708

Puebla 12,021 784,466 Puebla 78,000

Querétaro 3,207 203,290 Querétaro 36,000

San Luis Potosi 27,500 650,000 San Luis Potosi 56,800

Sinaloa 36,198 201,918 Culiacan 9,000

Sonora 79,021 141,000 Ures 5,000

Tabasco 11,851 104,759 San Juan Bautista 12,000

Tamaulipas 30,225 141,000 Victoria 8,000

Tlaxcala 1,620 138,988 Tlaxcala 18,000

Vera Cruz 26,232 595,780 Jalapa 12,000

Yucatan 29,567 450,000 Merida 61,000

Zacatecas 22,998 470,000 Zacatecas 16,500

TERRITORIES.

Federal District 461 439,769 Mexico 350,000

Lower California 61,562 30,000 La Paz 4,000

Tepic Tepic 9,000

LATEST REPORTED EXPORTS.

Coffee $1,193 Brazil Wood $54,450

Eagle Dollars 176,123 Silver Coin and Bullion 69,541

Gold Bullion 79,640 Silver Ore 55,446

Fruit 60,681 Cattle Hides 127,847

Number cattle ranches, 20,574; value, $501,249,500. Number cattle in Northern Mexico,—area, 300,000 square miles,—1,500,000; goats, 2,500,000; horses, 1,000,000; sheep, 1,000,000.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.

Cotton $6,429,454 Wheat $16,970,789

Pulque 8,769,700 Corn 109,169,429

Total Ag. Prod. $172,721,803

UNITED STATES.

A republic occupying the central portion of North America, together with Alaska, in extreme northwest.

Area land surface, 3,547,000 square miles; greatest length, east and west, about 2,800 miles; average breadth, about 1,200 miles; British American boundary, 3,540 miles; Mexican, 1,550 miles; coast line, exclusive of land indentations, 5,715 miles; lake shore line, 3,450 miles. Number States, 38; Territories, 10.

New York ranks first in population; Pennsylvania, second; Ohio, third; Illinois, fourth. New York City, metropolis of republic; Philadelphia ranks second; Brooklyn, third; Chicago, fourth. Washington, capital; population, 147,293.

Railway mileage, 1830, 23, having increased to 126,718, January, 1886. Increase, 1885, 3,214

Salt Industry. Breweries.

Capital $8,225,740 Number 2,741

Bushels 29,800,298 Quantity Brewed 513,192,120 gals.

Value $4,817,636 Consumption per head 10¼ gals.

Imported Merchandise. Immigrants.

Gums $4,400,166 Professional occupations 2,284

Tea 13,636,053 Skilled 55,061

Breadstuffs 6,704,543 Miscellaneous 184,195

Laces, etc. 10,012,894 Occupations not stated 31,665

Manuf. of Silk 36,673,646 Without occupation 245,387

Wines 5,660,833 Total 518,592

STATISTICS FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1884.

Whale Fisheries $1,517,353 Breadstuffs exported $162,544,715

Other Fisheries 4,731,043 Cotton and manuf. of,

Total $6,248,396 exported 208,900,415

Coal, exported 5,031,959

Total value of dutiable merchandise imported $457,813,509

Total value merchandise imported free from duty 209,884,184

IMPORTS. EXPORTS.

Merchandise $667,697,693 $740,513,609

Coin and Bullion 37,426,262 67,133,383

DOMESTIC EXPORTS. FOREIGN EXPORTS.

Merchandise $724,964,852 $15,548,757

Coin and Bullion 50,225,635 16,907,748

Commerce of Pacific Coast.

IMPORTS. EXPORTS.

Europe $5,156,311 $31,225,433

Asia, Australasia and Oceanica 18,766,855 4,166,516

Hawaiian Islands 7,925,925 3,109,697

Mexico, Central and South America 2,738,444 3,321,938

British Columbia 1,283,931 2,502,954

All other 1,308,064 2,059,746

Totals $37,179,530 $46,386,284

——

Total value of products of industry $10,000,000,000

Average annual coal production 77,908,874 tons.

Average annual value exports domestic merchandise $794,060,103

Average annual value imports domestic merchandise 635,227,511

Average annual value exports of cotton 12,322,428

Average annual value imports cotton manufactures 32,285,660

MAINE. Mān. "Pine Tree State."

Settled by the English at Bristol, 1624; admitted 1820.

Area, 33,040 square miles; extreme length, 300 miles; extreme breadth, 210 miles; shore line over 2,400 miles, including islands; the Penobscot, Androscoggin, Saco, St. Croix, Aroostook and St. John are the most important streams. Number counties, 16.

Temperature of Portland: winter, 23° to 38°; summer, 63° to 69°. Rainfall at Brunswick, 45 inches.

Portland, the metropolis and principal seaport; pop., 31,413. Augusta, the capital; pop., 8,665. Bangor, a port of entry and lumber centre; pop., 16,856. Biddeford, an important manufacturing town; pop, 12,651. Lewiston, principal seat cotton manufactures; pop., 19,083.

Number farms, 64,309; average value per acre, cleared land, $12.87; woodland, $12.66. Hay the most valuable crop, yielding l,214,033 tons in 1883; corn crop, 1884, 1,062,000 bu.: wheat, 629,400 bu.; oats, 2,428,000 bu.; latest reported dairy products, 3,720,783 gallons milk, 14,109,966 lbs. butter and 1,945,095 lbs. cheese.

Lumbering one of chief industries, forests covering over 10,000,000 acres; number saw-mills, 848; total products, $7,933,868.

Fisheries give employment to 11,071 persons, and produce an income of $3,614,178, including oyster fisheries, valued at $37,500.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $2,000 Sec'y of State 1,200 Treasurer 1,600 Attorney Gen. 1,000 Adjutant Gen. 900 Sup. Com. Schls 1,000 Sec. Bd. of Agr. 600 State Librarian 600 Chief Justice 3,000 7 Asso. Justices 3,000 Senators, Representatives $150; mileage, 20 cents. District Judge 3,500 Col. Int. Rev. 2,500 Col. Customs 6,000 Surveyor Cus. 4,500 Pension Agt. 4,000 Presidential P. O. Auburn $2,200 Augusta 3,100 Bangor 2,700 Bath 2,200 Belfast 1,800 Biddeford 2,200 Brunswick 1,700 Calais 1,600 Eastport 1,500 Ellsworth 1,500 Gardiner 1,800 Hallowell 1,600 Lewiston 2,500 Portland 3,300 Rockland 2,100 Saco 1,700 Skowhegan 1,700 Waterville 2,000 19 P.O. 1,500 to 1,000

Valuable slate quarries from the Kennebec to the Penobscot; granite is obtained in blocks of immense size; latest reported product, 2,203,670 cubic feet; value, $1,175,286. Ranks fifth in buckwheat and copper; eighth in hops and potatoes.

The State has 379 shipbuilding establishments; number new vessels built, 88; boats, 970; total value, $2,909,846.

Pop., 648,936: male, 324,058; female, 324,878; native, 590,053; foreign, 58,883; white, 646,852; colored, 1,451; Chinese, 8; Indians, 625.

State elections, second Monday in September; congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 31; Representatives, 151; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 6; number voters, 187,323; paupers and Indians not taxed excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 3; system of common, high and normal schools excellent; of 519,669 persons 10 years old and upward, 3.5 per cent. are unable to read; school age, 4-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate.

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Nū Hamp´shir. "Granite State."

One of the thirteen original States; settled by English Puritans at Dover and Portsmouth, 1623.

Area, 9,335 square miles; length, 180 miles; average breadth, 45 miles; seacoast, 18 miles; best harbor at Portsmouth. Number counties, 10.

Average temperature at Concord, 46°; Hanover,43°; Manchester, 49°; Portsmouth, 46°. Rainfall at Hanover, 40 inches.

Manchester, chief city and manufacturing town, pop., 32,630. Pop. Nashua, 13,397; Concord, 13,843; Dover, 11,687; Portsmouth, 9690

Number farms, 32,181; average value per acre, cleared land, $15; woodland, $32. Hay the most valuable crop, yielding nearly 600,000 tons by last report; corn crop, 1884, 1,286,000 bu., 33 bu. to the acre; wheat, 170,700 bu., 14.6 bu. to the acre; oats, 993,000 bu., 32.4 bu. to the acre.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $1,000 Sec. State $800 & fees Treasurer 1,800 Attorney Gen. 2,200 Supt. Pub. Ins. 2,000 3 R. R. Commission'rs 2,000 to 2,500 Adjutant Gen. 1,000 Sec. Bd. Agr. 1,000 Librarian 800 Chief Justice 2,900 6 Asso. Justices 2,700 Senators, Representatives $3 a day and mileage. District Judge 3,500 Pension Agent 4,000 Col. Int. Rev. 1,125 Presidential P. O. Claremont $1,800 Concord 2,700 Dover 2,300 Exeter 1,600 Franklin Falls 1,400 Great Falls 1,700 Hanover 1,500 Keene 2,300 Laconia 1,700 Lancaster 1,500 Lebanon 1,700 Littleton 1,600 Manchester 2,300 Milford 1,400 Nashua 2,500 Plymouth 1,500 Portsmouth 2,400 Rochester 1,600 14 P.O. $1,300 to 1,000

Ranks third in manufacture of cotton goods, value, $18,228,573; value woolen goods, $8,113,839; worsted goods, $2,694,232; sawed lumber, $3,842,012; leather, $4,477,350; paper, $1,731,170; boots and shoes, $7,230,804; flouring and grist mill products, $2,542,784; hosiery and knit goods, $2,362,779.

Mica is quarried at Grafton, and is very valuable; soapstone is found at Haverhill, Keene and Francestown; granite of fine quality is quarried at Plymouth, Troy, Roxbury, Concord and elsewhere.

Population, 346,991: male, 170,526; female, 176,465; native, 300,697; foreign, 46,294; white, 346,229; colored, 685; Chinese, 14; Indians, 63.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 24; Representatives, 321; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in June; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 105,138. Paupers are excluded from voting.

Dartmouth College, at Hanover, founded 1769; compulsory education law; common schools excellent; school age, 5-15.

Mount Washington, highest point east of the Mississippi excepting two or three peaks in North Carolina; a three-mile railroad extends to the summit.

No asylum for deaf, dumb or blind.

Legal interest, 6; usury forfeits thrice the excess.

VERMONT. Ver-mont´. "Green Mountain State."

First settled by Massachusetts emigrants near Brattleboro, 1724; admitted 1791,—the first State to join the original thirteen.

Area, 9,565 square miles, a little larger than New Hampshire; length, 150 miles; breadth, 35 to 50 miles. Lake Champlain frontage, over 100 miles; Burlington the chief harbor. Number counties, 14.

Temperature at Burlington: winter, 18° to 33°; summer, 66° to 71°; rainfall, 34 inches. Death rate, only 1.07 per cent. per annum.

Burlington, seat of Vermont lumber trade; pop., 11,365. Montpelier, capital. Rutland, famous for its marble works; pop., 12,149. Pop. of Bennington, 6,333; of Saint Albans, 7,193.

First railroad, 1849, from Bellows Falls to Burlington by way of Rutland; present mileage, 937.

Number farms, 35,522. Average value per acre, cleared land, $15.28; woodland, $17.73. Corn crop, 1884, 1,998,700 bushels; wheat, 364,500 bushels; oats, 3,625,000 bushels. Latest report for hay, 1,148,100 tons; potatoes, 4,708,550 bushels; cheese, 6,121,130 lbs.; butter, 25,245,826 lbs.

Salaries State Officers. Governor $1,000 Lieut. Gov. $6 a day. Sec'y of State 1,700 Treasurer 1,700 Auditor 2,000 Insp. Finances 500 R. R. Com'r 500 Adjutant Gen. 750 Supt. Pub. Inst'n 1,400 Chief Justice 2,500 6 Asso. Justices 2,500 Senators, Representatives $3 a day. Dist. Judge 3,500 Col. Int. Rev. 2,650 Col. of Customs 1,000 & fees Presidential P. O. Barre $1,400 Bellows Falls 1,800 Bennington 1,700 Bradford 1,600 Brandon 1,500 Brattleboro 2,400 Burlington 2,600 Fair Haven 1,400 Middlebury 1,700 Montpelier 2,300 Poultney 1,400 Rutland 2,500 St. Albans 2,100 St. Johnsbury 2,200 Springfield 1,500 Vergennes 1,600 West Randolph 1,500 Woodstock 1,500 11 P. O. $1,400 to 1,000

Mineral wealth of great value; manganese, copper pyrites, iron ore, and gold deposits have been found. Black, white, red and variegated marbles are abundant; annual value marble, over $3,000,000, and of slate, about $1,000,000.

Number different industries, 2,874, giving employment to 17,540 persons. Number butter and cheese establishments, 85; flour and grist, 227; furniture, 56; leather tanning, 53; lumber sawing, 688; marble and stone work, 69; wares of tin, sheet-iron and copper, 95.

Ranks fourth in copper, and seventh in hops and buckwheat.

Population: 332,286; male, 166,887; female, 165,399; native, 291,327; foreign, 40,959; white, 331,218; colored, 1,057: Indians, 11.

State elections biennial, first Tuesday in September; congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 30; Representatives, 240; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in October; limit of session, none; terms or Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 95,621. Bribers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 2; school population, 99,463: school age, 5-20.

Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest.

MASSACHUSETTS. Măs-sa-chū´sets. "Old Bay State."

One of the thirteen original States; first permanent settlement made by English Puritans, at Plymouth, 1620.

Area, 8,315 square miles; length, northeast and southwest, 160 miles; breadth, 47 to 100 miles. Number counties, 14.

Temperature at Boston: winter, 27° to 38°; summer, 66° to 71°; rainfall, 45 inches.

Boston, capital and metropolis; pop., 390,406. Lowell, Lawrence and Fall River famous for cotton manufactures; pops., 64,051, 38,845 and 56,863. Worcester, great railroad and manufacturing centre; pop., 68,383. Cambridge, seat of Harvard College, the oldest in America, pop., 59,660. Lynn, famous for manufacture of boots and shoes; pop., 45,861. New Bedford, greatest whaling port in the world; pop., 33,393. Springfield contains greatest arsenal in the United States; pop., 37,577.

Number of farms, 38,406; average value per acre, cleared land, $85; woodland, $43.25. Hay, the most valuable crop; wheat, 1884, 19,000 bushels; oats, 717,000; corn, 1,941,300 bu. Ranks first in cotton, woolen and worsted goods, and in cod and mackerel fisheries, owning over half of the fishing vessels of the United States; second in wealth and commerce; third in manufactures and in printing and publishing; fourth in silk goods; fifth in soap; sixth in iron and steel; ninth in agricultural implements.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $5,000 Lt. Governor 2,000 Sec'y of State 3,000 Treasurer 4,000 Auditor 2,500 Attorney Gen. 4,000 Chief Justice 6,500 6 Asso. Justices 6,000 District Judge 4,000 Senators, Representatives $650 per year. Pension Ag't 4,000 3 Collectors Int. Rev. 3,000 to 4,500 Coll. of Customs, Boston 8,000 Naval Officer 5,000 Presidential P. O. Boston $6,000 Brockton 2,500 Fall River 2,800 Fitchburg 2,600 Gloucester 2,500 Haverhill 2,600 Holyoke 2,700 Lawrence 2,700 Lowell 3,200 Lynn 3,100 New Bedford 3,000 Northampton 2,500 Pittsfield 2,700 Salem 2,700 Springfield 3,200 Taunton 2,600 Worcester 3,300 101 Offices 2,400 to 1,000

Population 1,941,465; male, 932,429; female, 1,009,036; native, 1,459,982; foreign, 481,483; white, 1,920,498; colored, 20,361; Chinese, 229; Japanese, 8; Indians, 369.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November. Number Senators, 40; Representatives, 240; sessions annual, meeting first Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, one year each. Number electoral votes, 14; number voters, 544,192; native white, 353,347; foreign white, 184,439; colored, 6,406; Paupers, persons under guardians, non-taxpayers, and men unable to read and write excluded from voting.

Number quarries, 113; ports of entry, 9; customs districts, 11. First American newspaper, Boston, 1690; first freight railroad in United States, Quincy; first American library at Harvard College.

Number colleges, 7; education compulsory; schools excellent; school age, 5-15.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate.

RHODE ISLAND. Rōd I´land. "Little Rhody."

One of the thirteen original States and smallest in the Union; supposed temporary settlement by Icelanders as early as 1000; settled by Roger Williams at Providence, 1636; last of the thirteen colonies to ratify the Constitution, which it did in 1790.

Area, 1,250 square miles; extreme length, north and south, 47 miles; extreme width, 40 miles. Good harbors at Providence, Bristol, Warren and Newport, the latter one of the finest in the world. Number counties, 5.

Temperature at Newport: Winter, 29° to 43°; summer, 64° to 71°: rainfall, 43 inches.

United States customs districts at Newport, Providence, Bristol and Warren; two capitals, Providence and Newport; populations, 117,628 and 19,552. Population of Lincoln, 17,269; of Pawtucket, 22,894; of Warwick, 13,284; of Woonsocket, 16,145.

Number farms, 6,216. Hay the most valuable crop; yield of 1883, 81,708 tons; potato crop, 845,185 bushels; corn crop, 1884, 890,000 bushels; oats, 161,000 bushels. Latest reported dairy products: milk, 3,831,706 gallons; butter, 1,007,103 lbs.; cheese, 67,171 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $1,000 Lieut. Gov 500 Sec'y of State 2,500 Gen. Treasurer 2,500 State Auditor Ins. Com'r 2,500 Railroad Com'r 500 Attorney Gen 2,500 Adjutant Gen 600 Com. Pub. Schls 2,500 Chief Justice 4,500 4 Asso. Justices 4,000 Senators, Representatives $1 pr. day mileage 8 cents. District Judge $3,500 Apr. of Cust'ms 3,000 Clerk 1,200 3 Collectors Fees. 4 Dep. Colls. $1,000 to 2,000 Col. Int. Rev 2,750 5 Dep. Colls. 1,200 to 1,400 Supt. Life Saving Ser. 1,800 Asst. Supt. 1,000 36 Keepers 700 Presidential P. O. Bristol $1,700 Central Falls 1,700 E. Greenwich 1,600 Lonsdale 1,300 Newport 2,700 Olneyville 1,700 Pawtucket 2,600 Providence 3,500 Warren 1,300 Westerly 2,100 Woonsocket 2,300

Outranks, in proportion to its size, all other States in value of manufactures. Number looms, 30,274; spindles, 1,649,295, using 161,694 bales of cotton, and giving employment to 22,228 persons. Ranks second in cotton, flax and linen goods.

Value of cotton goods manufactured, $24,609,461; woolen goods, $15,410,450; worsted goods, $6,177,754; boots and shoes, rubber, $1,455,420; dyeing and finishing textiles, $6,874,254; foundry and machine-shop products, $6,281,707; jewelry, $5,650,133.

Population. 303,816; male, 146,135; female, 157,681; native, 222,697; foreign, 81,119; white, 296,585; colored, 7,127; Chinese, 27; Indians, 77.

State elections, first Wednesday in April; congressional, and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 36; Representatives, 72; sessions annual; meeting last Tuesday in May, at Newport, and an adjourned session annually at Providence; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 1 year each.

Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 84,460; persons without property to the value of $134 excluded from voting.

Number colleges. 1; Brown's University, at Providence, founded 1764; common school system excellent; school age, 5-15.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate.

CONNECTICUT Kon-net´e-kut. "Nutmeg State."

Name of Indian origin, signifying Long River.

One of the thirteen original States; first permanent settlement made by English at Hartford, 1635.

Area, 4,990 square miles; average length, 86 miles; average breadth, 55 miles; seacoast, over 100 miles. Principal river valleys: Thames, Connecticut and Housatonic. Most important harbors: Bridgeport, New Haven, New London, Saybrook and Stonington. Number counties, 8.

Temperature at New Haven: winter, 27° to 40°; summer, 68° to 74°: rainfall, 44 inches.

Hartford the capital, and noted for banking and insurance business; population, 42,015. New Haven, "City of Elms," the metropolis, and noted for educational institutions; population, 62,882. Bridgeport, noted for manufacture of fire-arms and sewing machines; population, 27,343. Waterbury, an important manufacturing city; population, 17,806. Fairfield, Middletown, New Haven, New London and Stonington are ports of entry.

Number farms, 30,598. Average value per acre, cleared land, $29; woodland, $24.50. Corn crop of 1884, 1,767,790 bu.; wheat, 86,200 bu.; oats, 1,112,000 bu. Latest reported dairy products: milk, 12,289,893 gals.; butter, 8,292,360 lbs.; cheese, 1,028,015 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $4,000 Lieut. Gov. 500 Sec'y of State 1,500 Treasurer 1,500 Comptroller 1,500 Sec. State Bd. Ed. 3,000 Adjutant Gen. 1,200 Ins. Com'r. 3,500 3 R. R. Com'rs. 3,000 Chief Justice 4,500 4 Asso. Justices 4,000 Senators, Representatives $300 and mileage District Judge 3,500 2 Colls. In. Rev. 3,000 13 Deputy Collectors 800 to 1,775 Stmpd. En. Agt. 2,500 Presidential P. O. Ansonia $2,100 Birmingham 2,200 Bridgeport 3,100 Bristol 1,900 Danbury 2,400 Hartford 3,400 Meriden 2,700 Middletown 2,600 New Britain 2,500 New Haven 3,400 New London 2,600 Norwalk 2,000 Norwich 2,700 South Norwich 2,000 Stamford 2,400 Waterbury 2,700 Willimantic 2,100 38 Offices 1,800 to 1,000

Number different industries, 4,488. Capital invested in manufacture: rubber goods, $1,681,600; carpets, other than rag, $3,085,000; clocks, $1,816,400; cotton goods, $21,104,200; woolen goods, $7,907,452; sewing machines and attachments, $6,490,650.

Ranks first in clocks, third in silk goods, fourth in cotton goods, eighth in tobacco.

Population, 622,700: male, 305,782; female, 316,918; native, 492,708; foreign, 129,992; white, 610,769; colored, 11,547; Chinese, 123; Japanese, 6; Indians, 255.

State elections, annual, at same date as congressional and presidential; number Senators, 21; Representatives, 249; meeting of legislature, Wednesday after first Monday in January; limit, none; term of Senators, 2 years; of Representatives, 1 year.

Number electoral votes, 6; number voters, 177,291. Convicts and those unable to read are excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 3, having about 160,000 volumes in libraries; Yale College, at New Haven, founded, 1701. School age, 4-16.

Legal interest rate, 6; no penalty for usury, but more than 6 per cent. can not be collected by law.

NEW YORK."Empire or Excelsior State."

One of the thirteen original States; named in honor of the Duke of York to whom the patent was granted; first settled by Dutch, on Manhattan Island, 1614.

Area, 49,170 square miles; extreme length, east and west, 412 miles; extreme breadth, 311 miles; two-thirds of boundaries formed by navigable rivers; total water frontage, 880 miles. Number counties, 60. Temperature at Albany: winter, 22° to 36°; summer, 67° to 73°. Rainfall at Buffalo, 34 inches, and at Penn Yan, 28 inches.

New York City, chief commercial point of United States, ranking 1st in exports and imports; pop., 1,206,299,—greater by nearly three-fifths than that of the Territories. Brooklyn is 2d in size; pop. 566,663. Buffalo, "Queen City of the Lakes," is, next to Chicago, most important shipping point for grain on the lakes; pop., 155,134. Rochester, noted for manufactures and extensive nurseries; pop., 89,366. Syracuse has extensive salt works; pop., 51,792. Albany, the capital; pop., 90,758; customs districts, 10.

First railroad, from Albany to Schenectady, 1831; present railroad mileage, 7,349; artificial waterways, 907 miles.

Number farms, 241,058; average value per acre, cleared land, $58.48; woodland, $40.88

Salaries of State Officers. Gov'r $10,000 and house Lieut. Gov. 5,000 Sec'y of State 5,000 Treasurer 5,000 Comptroller 6,000 Attorney Gen. 5,000 Chief Justice 7,500 Senators & Representatives 1,500 m'l'ge 10 cts. 3 Dist. Judges 4,000 Pension Agt. 4,000 Pos. Stamp Agt. 2,500 D. Supt. R'y Ser. 2,500 12 Colls. Int. Revenue 2,750 to 4,500 Col. Customs New York 12,000 Supt. Assay O. 4,500 Presidential P. O. Albany $3,500 Auburn 2,900 Binghamton 3,000 Brooklyn 3,800 Buffalo 3,800 Elmira 3,000 Lockport 2,700 Newburgh 2,700 New York 8,000 Oswego 2,700 Poughkeepsie 2,900 Rochester 3,600 Saratoga Spr. 2,700 Syracuse 3,400 Troy 3,300 Utica 3,200 Watertown 2,700 204 Post Offices 2,600 to 1,000

Corn crop, 1884, 22,674,300 bu.; wheat, 12,729,000 bu. Latest reported dairy products: milk, 231,965,533 gallons; butter, 116,119,847 lbs.; cheese, 117,085,442 lbs. Ranks first in value of manufactures, soap, printing and publishing, hops, hay, potatoes, buckwheat and milch cows; second in salt, silk goods, malt and distilled liquors, miles railway and barley; third in agricultural implements, iron ore, iron and steel, oats and rye.

Population, 5,082,871: male, 2,505,322; female, 2,577,549; native, 3,871,492; foreign, 1,211,379; white, 5,016,022; colored, 65,104; Chinese, 909; Indians, 819. Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years; State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 32; Representatives, 128; sessions of legislature annual, meeting first Tuesday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 2 years; of Representatives, 1 year.

Number electoral votes, 36; number voters, 1,408,751; native white, 852,094; foreign white, 536,598. Election betters or bribers, and convicts, excluded from voting.

Number of colleges, 28; school pop., 1,681,101; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits principal and interest.

NEW JERSEY. Jer´zee. "Jersey Blue."

Named in honor of a grantee, Sir George Carteret, at one time Governor of the Island of Jersey. One of the thirteen original States, settled by Dutch, at Bergen, 1620. Area, 7,815 square miles; extreme length, 157 mls.; breadth, 37 to 70 mls.; frontage on Atlantic and Delaware Bay, about 120 miles each. Number counties, 21.

Temperature at Atlantic City: winter, 32° to 42°; summer, 66° to 73°. Rainfall at Newark, 45 inches.

Newark, Perth Amboy, Great Egg Harbor, Tuckerton, Bridgeton and Lumberton are ports of entry. Newark, metropolis; population, 152,988. Jersey City, a suburb of New York; population, 153,513. Trenton, capital; pop. 34,386. Paterson, manufacturing city; pop., 63,273. Extensive zinc works at Newark and Jersey City. Pop. Elizabeth, 32,119; Hoboken, 37,721; Camden, 52,884.

Number farms, 34,307. Average value per acre, cleared land, $82.52; woodland, $56.82. Number engaged in agriculture, 59,214.

Hay the most valuable crop; potato yield, 1883, 4,275,857 bu.; wheat, 1884, 2,022,000 bu.; corn 10,992,032 bu.; cranberry growing a specialty, Burlington, Ocean and Atlantic counties being especially adapted to this industry. Central region a vast market garden.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $5,000 Sec'y of State 6,000 Treasurer 4,000 Comptroller 4,000 Attorney Gen. 7,000 Supt. Pub. Inst. 3,000 Adjutant Gen. 1,200 Librarian 1,500 Chief Justice 7,500 8 Asso. Justic's 7,000 Chancellor 10,000 Senators, Representatives 500 a year District Judge 3,500 Supt. Life Saving Service 1,800 39 Keepers 700 3 Collectors Int. Rev. $2,375 to 4,500 Presidential P. O. Asbury Park $2,300 Atlantic City 2,400 Bridgeton 2,100 Camden 2,800 Elizabeth 2,700 Hoboken 2,400 Jersey City 3,200 Morristown 2,400 Newark 3,400 New Brunswick 2,500 Orange 2,300 Paterson 2,800 Plainfield 2,500 Rahway 2,200 Trenton 3,100 Washington 3,100 46 P.O., 2,000 to 1,100

Latest reports give, for cotton used, 20,569 bales; 108 factories for silk and silk goods, and number hands employed, 12,549; 2,234 hands employed in jewelry factories; number of flour and grist mills, 481; brick and tile factories, 107.

Latest figures received for iron ore, 757,372; value sea fisheries, $1,115,154; oysters sold, $2,080,625; marl dug in 1882, 1,080,000 tons.

Ranks first in fertilizing marl, zinc and silk goods; fourth in iron ore; fifth in iron and steel; sixth in buckwheat and soap; seventh in rye.

Population, 1,131,116: male, 559,922; female, 571,194; native, 909,416; foreign, 221,700: white, 1,092,017; colored, 38,853; Chinese, 172; Indians, 74.

State elections annual; same date as congressional and presidential; number of Senators 21, of Representatives, 60; meeting of legislature, 2d Tuesday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 3 years; of Representatives, 1 year. Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 300,635. Paupers, idiots, insane and convicts excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 4; number enrolled in public schools, 209,526; school age, 5-18.

Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits entire interest.

PENNSYLVANIA. Pen-sil-va´ne-ah. "Keystone State."

Named in honor of William Penn, the grantee. One of the thirteen original States. First permanent settlement made by Swedes at Chester, 1638.

Area, 45,215 square miles; extreme length, 303 miles; greatest breadth, 176 miles. Largest rivers, Delaware, Susquehanna, Alleghany Monongahela, Ohio. Number counties, 67. Temp. at Philadelphia: winter, 31° to 42°; summer, 70° to 75°: rainfall, 44 in.

Philadelphia founded 1682; chief city of State, and second in U. S.; contains U. S. mint and navy yard; pop., 846,984. Pittsburg, extensive manufacturing city; pop., 156,389. Harrisburg is capital; pop., 30,762. Philadelphia, Pittsburg and Erie are ports of entry.

Number farms, 156,357, averaging about 100 acres each. Average value per acre, cleared land, $45.75; woodland, $29.75. Corn crop, 1884, 43,466,000 bushels; wheat, 20,820,000 bushels; annual value butter, milk and cheese, over $35,000,000.

Manufacture of pig iron the great industry; total production in U. S., 1880, 4,295,414 tons, of which Penn. produced 2,083,121 tons. Number manufacturing establishments, 10,381; flour and grist, 2,873; iron and steel, 321; sawed lumber, 2,826; paper, 78; woolen goods, 324.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $10,000 Lieut. Gov. 3,000 Sec'y of State 4,000 Treasurer 5,000 Auditor Gen. 3,000 Attorney Gen. 3,500 Chief Justice 8,500 6 Asso. Justices 8,000 Senators, Representatives $1,000 for 100 days. $10 per d. Mileage 5 cents. 2 Dist. Judges 4,000 2 Pension Agts. 4,000 10 Colls. Int. Revenue 4,500 to 2,375 Col. Customs, Philadelp'ia 8,000 Presidential P. O. Alleghany $2,900 Allentown 2,600 Altoona 2,500 Bradford 2,700 Easton 2,600 Erie 3,000 Harrisburg 3,100 Lancaster 2,900 Meadville 2,500 Philadelphia 6,000 Pittsburg 3,800 Reading 3,000 Scranton 2,900 Titusville 2,500 Wilkesbarre 2,700 Williamsport 2,800 York 2,700 149 Offices. 2,400 to 1,000

Anthracite coal field central division; bituminous in west and southwest. Produces all the anthracite and more than half the bituminous coal of the United States.

Ranks first in rye, iron and steel, petroleum and coal; second in buckwheat, potatoes and printing and publishing; third in milch cows, hay, soap and miles railway; fourth in oats and tobacco; fifth in silk goods, malt and distilled liquors; sixth in salt, copper, and agricultural implements; eighth in horses and sheep.

Population, 4,282,891: male, 2,136,655; female, 2,146,236; native, 3,695,062; foreign, 587,829; white, 4,197,016; colored, 85,535; Chinese, 148; Japanese, 8; Indians, 184.

State elections annual, same date as congressional and presidential; number Senators, 50; of Representatives, 201; sessions biennial, meeting first Tuesday in January; limit of session, 150 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 30; number voters, 1,094,284. Non-taxpayers and political bribers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 26; enrolled in public schools, 945,345; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest.

DELAWARE. Del´a-war. "The Diamond State."

One of the thirteen original States; named in honor of Lord Delaware, Governor of Virginia, who entered the bay, 1610. First permanent settlement made by Swedes, near present city of Wilmington, 1638. First to ratify Federal constitution, 1787.

Area, 2,050 square miles; extreme length, 96 miles; breadth, about 36 miles on south, and 10 miles on north. Number counties, 8. Temperature at Delaware breakwater: winter, 30° to 38°; summer, 69° to 74°: rainfall, about 50 inches.

Wilmington, metropolis, and has important coasting trade; population, 42,478. Dover is capital. Breakwater protecting Delaware Bay at Cape Henlopen greatest work of its kind in America, cost the United States $2,127,400, and was over 40 years in course of construction.

Number farms, 6,658, of which 5,041 are occupied by owners. Average value per acre, cleared land, $19; woodland, $15.

Corn crop of 1884, 3,975,000 bushels; wheat, 1,007,000 bushels; peaches, berries and garden products find ready market. Value peach crop, over $1,500,000 annually. The growing of sweet potatoes a valuable industry.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $2,000 Secy' of State 1,000 Treasurer 1,450 Auditor 700 Adjutant Gen. 200 Attorney Gen. 2,000 Supt. Pub. Ins. 1,500 State Librarian 450 Chief Justice 2,500 Chancellor 2,500 3 Asso. Justices 2,200 Senators, Representatives $3 pr. day and mileage. District Judge 3,500 Dist. Att. $200 & fees Col. Inter. Rev. 2,875 6 Deputy Collectors $900 to 1,600 Clerk 1,000 Collector of Customs 500 & fees 2 Deputy Collectors 500 to 1600 5 Boatmen 300 Presidential P. O. Dover $1,700 Middletown 1,300 Milford 1,400 Newark 1,200 Newcastle 1,100 Smyrna 1,400 Wilmington 3,100

Number different industries, 746; flour and grist mills, 81; canning and preserving, 33; shipbuilding, 18; lumber sawing, 86.

Canning and preserving fruits and vegetables an important industry; capital invested, $396,379; value of products, $634,940.

Capital invested in fisheries, $268,231; persons employed, 1,979. Value products general fisheries, $309,029: menhaden, $941; oysters, $687,725: total, $997,695.

Value manufactured cotton goods, $1,057,257; iron and steel, $2,347,177; iron pipe, wrought, $2,000,000; leather, dressed skins, $1,886,597; shipbuilding, $2,162,503. Products of all manufacturing and mechanical industries, $20,514,438.

Pop., 146,608: male, 74,108; female, 72,500; native, 137,140; foreign, 9,468; white, 120,166; colored, 26,442; slaves, 1860, 1,798.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 9; Representatives, 21; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Tuesday in January; limit of session, 21 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 3; number voters, 38,298. Idiots, insane, paupers and criminals excluded from voting.

Colleges at Newark and Wilmington; school age: 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits the principal.

MARYLAND.Mā´re-land.

One of the thirteen original States; named in honor of Maria, wife of Charles II., King of England; first permanent settlement made by English Roman Catholics at St. Mary's, 1634.

Area, 12,210 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 196 miles; seacoast, 83 miles, or, including the tidewater region of Chesapeake Bay, 411 miles, and, with shores of islands, 509 miles. Number counties, 23. Temperature at Baltimore: winter, 33° to 41°; summer, 73° to 79°; rainfall, 41 inches.

Baltimore, the metropolis; laid out 1730; port of entry and commercial centre; has regular lines European steamers; pop., 332,313. Annapolis, capital; contains United States Naval Academy; pop. 5,744. Cumberland, depot of western mining region; pop., 10,693.

Number farms, 1860, 25,494; 1880, 40,517. Average value per acre cleared land, $24.65; woodland, $35.50.

Value principal orchard products,—peaches, pears, plums and apples,—nearly $2,000,000; canned and preserved fruits and vegetables, over $2,000,000; oyster fisheries, nearly $5,000,000.

Wheat crop, 1884, 8,260,000 bu.; corn, 15,237,000 bu.; oats, 1,980,000 bu.; buckwheat, 1883, 117,800 bu.; tobacco, 31,570,793 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $4,500 Sec'y of State 2,000 Treasurer 2,500 Comptroller 2,500 Attorney Gen. 3,000 Chief Justice 3,500 7 Asso. Justices 3,500 District Judge 4,000 Senators, Repres'ntatives $5 pr. day and mileage. 2 Colls. Int. Revenue 2,625 to 4,500 Col. of Customs 7,000 2 Colls. 250 and 1,200 fees. Auditor 2,500 Naval Officer 5,000 Surveyor 4,500 Presidential P. O. Annapolis $2,400 Baltimore 5,000 Bel Air 1,200 Cambridge 1,400 Centreville 1,300 Chestertown 1,300 Cumberland 2,300 Easton 1,700 Elkton 1,500 Ellicott City 1,300 Emmittsburgh 1,300 Frederick 2,200 Frostburgh 1,300 Hagerstown 2,300 Havre de Grace 1,300 Port Deposit 1,100 Salisbury 1,400 Towson 1,100 Westminster 1,500

Number manufacturing establishments, 6,787; capital invested $58,742,384; hands employed, 74,945; bales cotton used, 46,947; pig iron produced, 61,437 tons; flour and grist mills, 546; tons coal mined, 2,227,844.

Ranks fourth in coal, seventh in tobacco, eighth in copper, ninth in iron ore. Copper is found in Frederick and Carroll counties; iron ore, in Alleghany, Anne Arundel, Carroll, Baltimore, Frederick and Prince George's counties.

Population, 934,943: male, 462,187; female, 472,756; native, 852,137; foreign, 82,806 white, 724,693; colored, 210,230; Chinese, 5; Indians, 15. Slaves, 1860, 87,189.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 26; Representatives, 91; sessions biennial, in even-numbered years; meeting of legislature, first Wednesday in January; limit of session, 90 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 8; number voters, 232,106; native white, 144,586; foreign white, 38,936; colored, 48,584. Insane, convicts and bribers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 11; school population, 319,201; school age, 5-20.

Legal interest rate, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest.

VIRGINIA. Ver-jin´e-ah. "Old Dominion."

Named in honor of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. One of the thirteen original States. Settled by English at Jamestown, 1607. Slavery introduced 1619. Seceded May, 1861; re-admitted Jan., 1870.

Area, 42,450 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 440 miles; greatest breadth, 190 miles. Coast line, about 120 miles, or tidal frontage, 1,500 miles. Number counties, 100. Temperature at Norfolk: winter, 40° to 48°; summer, 75° to 80°. Rainfall at White Sulphur Spring, 38 inches.

Richmond, capital and metropolis; pop., 63,600. Pop. of Norfolk 21,966; of Petersburg, 21,656. Hampton Roads is one of the best harbors on Atlantic coast. Seven ports of entry.

Number farms, 118,517; 51 per cent. of laborers are engaged in agriculture. Average value per acre, cleared lands, $9.42; woodland, $7.48.

Marble quarried on Potomac. Number sandstone quarries, 10; shipbuilding establishments, 65; saw-mills, 907; sawed lumber, $3,434,163; flour and grist mills, 1,385; value products, $12,210,272; foundry and machine-shop, $1,361,231; iron and steel, $2,585,999; cotton goods, $1,040,962; leather tanned, $1,011,830; slaughtering and meat packing, $1,054,500. Total number industries, 5,710; capital invested, $26,968,990; value products, $51,780,992.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $5,000 Lieut. Gov. 900 Sec'y of State 2,000 Treasurer 2,000 Auditor 3,000 Sec. Auditor 2,000 Attorney Gen. 2,500 Supt. Pub. Ins. 2,500 Adjutant. Gen. 600 Com'r of Agr. 1,500 Supt. of Land O. 1,300 Pres. Sup. Ct. 3,250 4 J'dg's Sup. Ct. 3,000 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 Senators, Representatives $540 per year. 5 Colls. Int. Revenue 3,000 to 4,500 Presidential P. O. Abingdon $1,500 Alexandria 2,400 Charlottesville 1,900 Danville 2,400 Freder'cksb'gh 1,800 Hampton 1,600 Harrisonbu'gh 1,600 Lexington 1,600 Liberty 1,600 Lynchburgh 2,800 Norfolk 3,100 Petersburgh 2,600 Portsmouth 1,900 Richmond 3,400 Roanoke 2,100 Staunton 2,400 Winchester 1,900 5 Post Offices 1,500 10 P.O. $1,400 to 1,000

Gold produced, 1882, $15,000; latest reported iron ore product, 182,326 tons; zinc, 10,448 tons; lead, 11,200 tons.

Ranks first in peanuts, second in tobacco, eighth in salt and iron ore.

Population, 1,512,565; male, 745,589; female, 766,976; native, 1,497,869; foreign, 14,696; white, 880,858; colored, 631,616; Chinese, 6; Indians, 85; slaves, 1860, 490,865.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 40; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in December; limit of session, 90 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 12; number voters, 334,505; colored, 128,257; native white, 198,277; foreign white, 7,971. Lunatics, idiots, convicts, duelists, United States army, and non-taxpayers of capitation tax excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 7; school population, 555,807; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest, 6; by contract, 8: usury forfeits excess over 6 per cent.

WEST VIRGINIA. Ver-jin´e-ah. "Pan-Handle State."

Composed of northern and western counties of the original State of Virginia; denounced passage of secession ordinance. April 22d, 1861; became a State, 1863.

Area, 24,780 square miles; greatest length north and south, about 240 miles; greatest breadth, 160 miles. Big Sandy, Great and Little Kanawha, Guyandotte and Monongahela are navigable rivers. Number counties, 54. Temperature at Morgantown: winter, 34° to 42°; summer, 70° to 75°. Rainfall at Romney, 45 inches.

Charleston, capital; pop. 4,192. Wheeling metropolis, principal seat of manufactures, and port of delivery; pop. 30,737. Parkersburg, port of delivery; pop. 6,582. Pop. of Martinsburg, 6,335.

Number farms, 1870, 39,778; 1880, 62,674. Average value per acre cleared land, $21.05; woodland, $9.39. A rich agricultural tract, 61 per cent. of laborers engaged in agriculture; staples are tobacco, wheat and corn, the last being the most valuable crop; number bu. grown 1884, being 11,900,000; wheat, 3,318,000; oats, 2,212,000; tobacco, 1883, 1,952,872 lbs.

On farms, Jan., 1884: Sheep, 671,226; swine, 424,626: annual wool clip, 2,000,000 lbs. The yield of butter, 1880, was 9,315,895 lbs; of fruit, over $1,000,000. Wine made 1880, 71,026 gallons; total value lumber products, $2,431,857.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $2,700 Secretary of State 1,000 and fees. Treasurer 1,400 Auditor 2,000 and fees. Supt. of Free Schools 1,500 Attorney Gen. 1,000 Presiding Jdg. Supm. Court 2,250 Asso. Judges 2,250 Senators, Representatives $4 per d. mileage 10 cents. District Judge 3,500 2 Colls. Int. R. 2,875 30 Deputy Colls. $700 to 1,600 Presidential P. O. Charleston $2,100 Charlestown 1,500 Clarksburg 1,600 Fairmont 1,200 Grafton 1,400 Huntington 1,700 Lewisburgh 1,000 Martinsburgh 1,800 Morgantown 1,000 Moundsville 1,200 Parkersburg 2,300 Piedmont 1,300 Pt. Pleasant 1,000 Wellsburgh 1,300 Weston 1,200 Wheeling 3,000

Iron ore yields 50 to 80 per cent. pure metal, latest amount reported, 61,216 tons; coal, 1,792,570 tons; salt, 2,679,438 bu.; petroleum is extensively produced in Ritchie, Pleasants, Wood and Wirt counties. Ranks fifth in salt and coal; eighth in buckwheat, iron and steel.

Population, 618,457; male, 314,495; female, 303,962; native, 600,192; foreign, 18,265; white, 592,537; colored, 25,886; Indians, 29; 40 per cent. increase in pop. 1870 to 1880; number slaves, 1860, 18,371. Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years; State elections, second Tuesday in October; congressional and presidential, Tuesday after the first Monday in November; number Senators, 26; Representatives, 65; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years; limit of session, 45 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 6; number voters, 139,161; native white, 123,569; foreign white, 9,208; colored, 6,384. Insane, paupers and convicts excluded from voting.

Flourishing free school system; school population, 216,605; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest, 6; by contract, 6; usury forfeits excess of interest.

NORTH CAROLINA."Old North State," "Tar State."

One of the thirteen original States; discovered by Lord Raleigh, 1584; settled by English at Albemarle, 1650; seceded May, 1861, re-admitted June, 1868.

Area, 52,250 square miles; length, 450 miles; breadth, 185 miles; coast line, over 400 miles; area dismal swamp, 150,000 acres; number counties, 96.

Temperature at Wilmington: winter, 46° to 51°; summer, 76° to 80°. Frost seldom occurs before November. Rainfall at Gaston, 43 inches. Deaths by consumption, 1.5 per 1,000 of population.

Wilmington, principal seaport and chief city; pop., 13,446; Raleigh, capital, and contains the State institutions; pop., 7,790 Charlotte contains assay office; pop., 4,473; pop. New Bern, 5,849.

Farms in 1860, 75,203, increased to 157,609 in 1880; average value per acre, cleared land, $9.77; woodland, $5.53.

Agriculture the leading industry; corn the most valuable crop; tobacco the leading product; value orchard products over $900,000. Latest reports give 4,576,148 bu. sweet potatoes; 5,609,191 lbs. rice; value tar and turpentine products, $1,758,488; tobacco crop, 1883, 29,048,213 lbs.; wheat crop, 1884, 4,650,000 bu.; oats, 4,632,000 bu.; corn, 31,499,000 bu.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,000 Sec'y of State 2,000 Treasurer 3,000 Auditor 1,500 Attorney Gen. 2,000 Supt. Pub. Inst. 1,500 Adjutant Gen. 600 Com'r of Agr. 1,200 State Librarian 750 Chief Justice 2,500 2 Asso. Justices 2,500 Senators, Representatives $4 a day mileage 10 c. 4 Collectors Int. Rev. 2,500 to 3,750 64 Deputy Collectors 300 to 1,700 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 Presidential P. O. Asheville $1,900 Charlotte 2,400 Durham 1,600 Elizabeth City 1,200 Fayetteville 1,600 Goldsborough 1,800 Greensborough 1,800 New Berne 1,900 Oxford 1,200 Raleigh 2,600 Reidsville 1,200 Salisbury 1,500 Statesville 1,400 Tarborough 1,500 Wilmington 2,600 Wilson 1,400 Winston 1,800 10 P.O. 1,200 to 1,000

Ranks first in tar and turpentine, second in copper, third in peanuts and tobacco, fourth in rice, ninth in cotton.

Number of different industries, 3,802; flour and grist mills, 1,313; saw mills, 776; latest reported value oyster fisheries, $60,000; number boats engaged in general fisheries, about 3,000; copper mined, 1,640,000 lbs.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 50; Representatives, 120; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Wednesday after first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senator and Representatives, two years each. Number electoral votes, 11; number voters, 294,750; native white, 187,637; foreign white, 2,095; colored, 105,018. Convicts are excluded from voting.

Population, 1,399,750: male, 687,908; female, 711,842; natives, 1,396,008; foreign, 3,742; white, 867,242: colored, 531,278; Indians, 1,230. Slaves, 1860, 331,059.

Public school system adopted 1840; at present over 2,000 public schools in operation; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits interest.

SOUTH CAROLINA. South Kar-o-lī´na. "Palmetto State."

Named in honor of Charles II. of England, by whom the province was created in 1663. One of the thirteen original States. First permanent settlement made by English at Port Royal, 1670. Famous nullification troubles occurred 1832-33; led by J. C. Calhoun, and opposed vigorously by Pres. Jackson, during which his famous expression "by the Eternal" was first used. Seceded November, 1860; re-admitted June, 1868.

Area, 30,170 square miles; extreme length, 275 miles; greatest breadth, 210 miles; coast line, 200 miles. Largest rivers, Savannah, Great Pee Dee, Santee and Edisto. Number counties, 84.

Temperature at Charleston: summer, 79° to 83°; winter, 50° to 54°; rainfall, 43 inches; frosts seldom occur. Aiken, noted winter resort for consumptives. Deaths, consumption, 1.5 per 1,000 population.

Charleston, largest city; laid out 1680; population, 49,984; port of entry; seat of a Catholic bishop. United States customs districts at Beaufort, Charleston and Georgetown.

First railroad to use American locomotives, the South Carolina, built 1830-33; number miles railroad January 1, 1886, 1,693.

Number farms, 1860, 33,171; 1870, 51,889; 1880, 93,864. Average value per acre, cleared land, $6.24; woodland, $8.64.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,500 Lieut. Gov. 1,000 Sec'y of State. 2,100 Treasurer 2,100 Compt'ller Gen. 2,100 Attorney Gen. 2,100 Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,100 Com'r Agricult. 2,100 Adj & Insp. Gen. 1,500 Chief Justice 4,000 Asso. Justices 3,500 Clerk of Supreme Court 1,000 Senators, Representatives $5 pr. day mileage 10 cents. District Judge 3,500 Col. Int. Rev. 3,250 Presidential P. O. Aiken $1,600 Anderson C.H. 1,400 Beaufort 1,400 Camden 1,300 Charleston 3,200 Chester C.H. 1,400 Columbia 2,500 Florence 1,200 Georgetown 1,100 Greenville C.H. 2,000 Marion 1,100 Newberry C.H. 1,500 Orangeb'h C.H. 1,300 Rock Hill 1,000 Spart'nb'h C.H. 1,800 Sumter C.H. 1,600 Union 1,000 Winnsborough 1,200 Yorkville 1,000

Number of flour and grist mills, 720; value of lumber products, $2,031,507; tar and turpentine, $1,893,206; oyster fishery, $20,000; sea, river and lake fisheries, $192,482. Ranks first in phosphates; production, 332,077 tons; value, $1,992,462.

Gold mines in Abbeville, Edgefield and Union counties; first mint deposits, $3,500 in 1827; aggregate to June 30, 1883, $1,468,854. White and variegated marbles found in Spartanburgh and Laurens counties.

Population 995,577: male, 490,408; female, 505,169; native, 987,891; foreign, 7,686; white, 391,105; colored, 604,332; Chinese, 9; Indians, 131. Number persons per square mile, 33. Slaves, 1860, 402,406.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; State Senators, 35; Representatives, 124; sessions annual, meeting fourth Tuesday in November; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 205,789; colored, 118,889; native white, 82,910; foreign white, 3,990. Insane, inmates of asylums, alms-houses and prisons, U. S. army and duelists excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 9; school population, 262,279; school age, 6-16.

Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, any rate.

GEORGIA. Jor´je-a. "Empire State of the South."

Farthest south and latest settled of the thirteen original States; named in honor of George II., King of England; settled by English at Savannah, 1753; seceded Jan., 1861; re-admitted Dec. 1870.

Area 59,475 square miles; extreme length, 320 miles; extreme breadth, 254 miles; coast line, 480 miles; number harbors, 3. Savannah, Ogeechee, Altamaha, Satilla, St. Mary's, Flint, Chattahoochee and Upper Coosa are navigable rivers. Number counties, 137.

Temperature at Augusta: winter, 46° to 52°; summer, 79° to 83°. Rainfall at Savannah, 48 inches.

Savannah, Brunswick and St. Mary's are ports of entry. Savannah, chief seaport; pop., 27,891. Columbus contains largest cotton mill in the South; pop., 10,123. Atlanta is capital; pop., 37,409. Andersonville, seat of largest rebel prison during the Rebellion.

Number farms, 1860, 62,003; 1880, 138,626. Average value per acre, cleared land, $6.93; woodland, $5.45. 72 per cent. of laborers engaged in agriculture; rural income, $155 per individual.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,000 Sec'y of State 2,000 Treasurer 2,000 Compt'ller Gen. 2,000 Attorney Gen. 2,000 Com'r Agricult. 2,500 Chief Justice 2,500 Asso. Justices 2,500 Senators, Representatives $4 pr. day and mileage. 3 Dist. Judges 3,500 D. Supt. R'y Ser. 2,500 Collectors Inter. Rev. 2,500 to 3,125 24 Deputy Collectors 300 to 1,700 Customs Surveyor 1,000 & fees. Presidential P. O. Albany $1,600 Americus 1,600 Athens 1,900 Atlanta 3,300 Augusta 2,800 Brunswick 1,700 Columbus 2,500 Cuthbert 1,500 Dalton 1,400 Gainesville 1,500 Griffin 1,600 Macon 2,700 Madison 1,500 Marietta 1,500 Rome 2,300 Savannah 3,200 Thomasville 1,600 13 Offices 1,400 to 1,000

Sheep on farms, Jan., 1884, 543,415. Corn crop, 1884, 30,925,000 bu.; wheat, 3,130,000; oats, 6,270.000 bu.; cotton, 760,000 bales. Latest reported rice crop, 25,369,687 lbs.; sweet potatoes, 4,397,778 bu.; tobacco, 228,590 lbs; wool, 1,289,560 pounds. Ranks second in rice and sweet potatoes, third in cotton and molasses, fourth in sugar, seventh in mules, tenth in hogs.

Gold production, 1793-1883, $8,043,250. Latest mining reports give 100,000 tons coal and 91,416 tons iron ore.

Population, 1,542,180: male, 762,981; female, 779,199; native, 1,531,616; foreign, 10,564; white, 816,906; colored, 725,133; Chinese, 17; Indians, 124. State elections, first Wednesday in October; congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 44; Representatives, 175; sessions biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in November; limit of session, 40 days, unless extended by special vote; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 12; number voters, 321,438; colored, 143,471; native white, 172,044; foreign white, 5,923. Idiots, insane, criminals and non-taxpayers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 7; State University at Athens, organized 1801; public schools excellent; school age, 6-18.

No State license law governing commercial travelers; but Atlanta, Athens, Augusta and Savannah exact a tax.

Legal interest, 7; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess of interest.

FLORIDA. Flor´e-dah "Peninsula State."

Discoverer landed on Easter Sunday, or "Flowery Easter;" hence the name.

Settled by Spaniards at St. Augustine, 1565; organized as a Territory, 1822; admitted as a State, 1845; seceded 1861; re-admitted 1868

Area, 58,680 square miles; coastline, 1,146 miles, 472 being on the Atlantic; length, north and south, 350 miles; length, east and west, 340 miles; mean width of peninsula, 100 miles; greatest elevation, 250 feet. Number counties, 39.

Temperature at Jacksonville: winter, 55° to 61°; summer, 80° to 83°. Rainfall at Fort Myers, 57 inches.

Key West, the metropolis, and has good harbor and naval station pop., 9,890. Jacksonville, an important commercial point; pop., 7,650. St. Augustine, oldest town in United States. Tallahassee, the capital. Pop. Pensacola, 6,845.

Number farms, 23,438; owned by State, 15,000,000 acres; value per acre, cleared land, $9.48; woodland, $3.03; swamp, $1; school lands, $1.25.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,500 Lieut. Gov. 500 Sec'y of State 2,000 Treasurer 2,000 Comptroller 2,000 Attorney Gen. 2,000 Supt. Pub. Ins. 2,000 Adjutant Gen. 2,000 Land Com'r. 1,200 Chief Justice 3,500 2 Asso. Justices 3,000 Senators, Representatives $6 a day and 10c a mile. 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 Col. Int. Rev. 3,000 Surveyor Gen. 1,800 Chief Clerk 1,600 Draftsman 1,200 38 Lighthouse Keepers 370 to 820 Presidential P. O. Cedar Keys $1,300 De Land 1,300 Eustis 1,000 Fernandina 1,600 Gainesville 1,600 Jacksonville 2,800 Key West 1,600 Ocala 1,500 Orlando 1,500 Palatka 1,800 Pensacola 2,200 St. Augustine 1,700 Sanford 1,600 Tallahassee 1,700 Tampa 1,400

Corn most valuable crop, returns of 1884, 3,837,200 bushels; oats, 494,000 bu.; cotton, 60,000 bales; latest reported tobacco, 24,239 pounds; rice, 1,294,677 pounds; peaches, 89,028 bushels; sugar, 1,273 hogsheads; honey, 210,357 pounds; molasses, 1,029,868 gallons. Over 3,000,000 orange trees planted since 1870, and millions of oranges exported yearly.

Latest reported fisheries, $78,408; lumber products, $3,060,291; oysters, 20,000 bushels.

Ranks third in sugar and molasses, sixth in rice, tenth in cotton.

Population, 269,493: male, 136,444; female, 133,049; native, 259,584; foreign, 9,909; white, 142,605; colored, 126,690; Indians, 180; slaves, 1860, 61,745.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 32; Representatives, 76; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 4; number voters, 61,699; colored, 27,489; native white, 30,351; foreign white, 3,859. Idiots, insane, criminals, betters on elections and duelists excluded from voting.

School population, 88,677; enrolled in public schools, 39,315 school age, 4-21.—Legal interest rate, 8; by contract, any rate.

ALABAMA.Al-a-bah´mah.

Name derived from an Indian word signifying, "Here we rest."

Settled near Mobile Bay by French, 1702; admitted as a State, 1819; seceded 1861; re-admitted 1868.

Area, 52,250 square miles, same as North Carolina; length, 330 miles; average breadth, 154 miles; seacoast, about 60 miles. Inland steam navigation about 1,500 miles; Mobile the only seaport. Number counties, 66.

Temperature at Augusta: winter, 46° to 52°; summer, 79° to 83°. Rainfall at Huntsville, 55 inches. July the hottest month. Fruit trees blossom February 1st to March 1st.

Montgomery, capital; pop., 16,713. Huntsville, the northern trade centre; pop., 4,977. Selma, an important railroad centre; pop., 7,529. Mobile, metropolis; pop., 29,132.

Number farms, 135,864. Average value per acre, cleared land, $6.53; woodland, $4.08. Sugar product, 94 hogsheads; molasses, 795,199 gallons; tobacco crop, 1882, 475,456 lbs.; hay, 10,882 acres, or 12,513 tons; oats, 1884, 405,830 acres, or 5,015,000 bu.; corn, 30,197,000 bu.; cotton, 661,000 bales.

Number industries, 2,070; flour and grist mills, 807; saw mills, 354. Total capital invested, $9,668,008; value products, $13,565,504.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,000 Sec'y of State 1,800 Treasurer 2,150 Auditor 1,800 Attorney Gen. 1,500 Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,250 Librarian 1,500 3 R. R. Commissioners 2,000 to 3,500 Chief Justice 3,000 2 Asso. Justices 3,000 Senators, Representatives $4 pr. day and 20c mileage. 3 Dist. Judges 3,500 2 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,500 16 Colls. Int. Revenue 1,000 to 1,400 Presidential P. O. Anniston $1,400 Birmingham 2,500 Eufaula 1,800 Florence 1,200 Gadsden 1,300 Greenville 1,400 Huntsville 1,800 Marion 1,500 Mobile 3,100 Montgomery 2,700 Opelika 1,500 Selma 2,500 Talladega 1,500 Troy 1,300 Tuscaloosa 1,700 Union Springs 1,400 Uniontown 1,100 6 Postoffices 1,000

Mineral region in northeast corner, extending southwest, about 160 miles, with average width of about 80 miles; contains three distinct coal fields, area over 5,000 square miles, and beds, 1 to 8 feet thick; limestone, sandstone, and iron ore near the coal.

Ranks fourth in cotton, fifth in mules and molasses, sixth in sugar, seventh in rice and iron ore.

Population, 1,262,505: male, 622,629; female, 639,876; native, 1,252,771; foreign, 9,734; white, 662,185; colored, 600,107; Indians, 218; slaves, 1860, 435,080.

State elections biennial, first Monday in August; congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after second Monday in November; limit of session, 50 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number of electoral votes, 10; number of voters, 262,737; colored, 118,423; native white, 136,058; foreign white, 8,256. Indians, idiots and persons convicted of crime excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 4; school population, 401,002; school age, 7-21.

Legal interest rate, 8; usury forfeits entire interest.

MISSISSIPPI. Mis´sis-sip´pi. "The Bayou State."

Name of Indian origin, signifying "Father of Waters."

First permanent settlement at Natchez, 1716; admitted 1817; seceded 1861; re-admitted 1870.

Area, 46,810 square miles; extreme length, 332 miles; extreme breadth, 189 miles; mean breadth, 142 miles; gulf frontage, including irregularities and islands, 287 miles; harbors at Pascagonia, Biloxi, Mississippi City and Shieldsborough. Number counties, 74.

Temperature at Vicksburg: winter, 47° to 56°; summer, 80° to 83°. Rainfall, Natchez, 54 inches.

Jackson, the capital; pop., 5,204. Natchez, an important shipping point; pop., 7,058. Vicksburg, an extensive cotton market; pop., 11,814.

Railroad mileage, 1844, 26; Jan. 1, 1886, 1,947.

Number farms, 101,772. Average value per acre: cleared land, $7.88; woodland, $3.78.

Latest reports give 3,501 acres in rice; sugar cane, 4,555 acres; tobacco, 1,595 acres; corn, 1,889,600 acres; cotton, 847,000 bales; sweet potatoes, 3,610,660 bu.; wine, 209,845 gals.; molasses, 536,625 gals.; bales cotton used, 6,411; looms, 704; spindles, 26,172.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $4,000 Lieut. Gov. 800 Sec'y of State 2,500 Treasurer 2,500 Auditor 2,500 Atty. General 2,500 Supt. Pub. Edu. 2,000 Com'r Agricult. 1,000 Land Com'r. 1,000 Adjutant Gen. 500 Librarian 800 Chief Justice 3,500 2 Asso. Justices 3,500 Senators, Representatives $400 a year 3 Dist. Judges 3,500 Col. Int. Rev. 2,750 Presidential P. O. Aberdeen $1,500 Brookhaven 1,300 Canton 1,500 Columbus 1,800 Corinth 1,500 Greenville 1,600 Grenada 1,400 Holly Springs 1,500 Jackson 2,300 Kosciusko 1,200 Meridian 2,100 Natchez 2,100 Okolona 1,300 Oxford 1,600 Vicksburgh 2,500 West Point 1,300 Winona 1,200 Yazoo City 1,400 5 P.O. $1,100 and 1,000

Forest area very large; pine, oak, chestnut, walnut and magnolia trees grow on uplands and bluffs, and long-leafed pine on islands and in sandy regions of the south; cotton lands mostly in Yazoo and Mississippi bottoms.

Ranks second in cotton, fifth in rice, sixth in mules and molasses, seventh in sugar.

Population, 1,131,597: male, 567,177; female, 564,420; native, 1,122,388; foreign, 9,209; white, 479,398; colored, 650,291; Chinese, 51; Indians, 1,857; slaves, 1860, 436,631.

Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years; State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in Nov.; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting Tuesday after first Monday in January; limit of session, none; number Senators, 37; Representatives, 120; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 9; number voters, 238,532; colored, 130,278; native white, 102,580; foreign white, 5,674. Idiots, insane and criminals excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 8; school population, 444,131; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess of int.

LOUISIANA. Loo-ee-ze-ah´na. "Creole State."

Named in honor of Louis XIV., King of France, when Louisiana was first colonized; first permanent settlement made by French at New Orleans, 1718: admitted 1812; seceded January, 1861; re-admitted June, 1868.

Area, 48,720 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 300 miles; breadth, 240 miles; coast line, 1,256 miles; internal water communication, 2,500 miles; number counties, 58.

Temperature at New Orleans: winter, 53° to 61°; summer, 81° to 83°; rainfall, 51 inches.

New Orleans, metropolis, port of entry and largest cotton market in the world; pop., 216,090; capital until 1847, and again from 1868 to 1881. Baton Rouge, capital; pop., 7,197. Pop. Shreveport, 8,009. Morgan City, port of entry. State institution for insane at Jackson; for deaf mutes and blind, Baton Rouge.

Number farms, 1860, 17,328; 1870, 28,481; 1880, 48,292. Average value per acre, cleared land, $14.36; woodland, $3.53; 57 per cent. of laborers are engaged in agriculture; rural income, per capita, $209. Latest statistics give 312,000 bu. salt; 1,318,110 bu. sweet potatoes; 175,000 acres sugar cane; 122,982 hhds. sugar; 11,696,248 gals. molasses; 23,188,311 lbs. rice; corn crop, 1884, 11,007,000 bu.; acreage of oats, 35,119, producing 404,000 bu.; cotton, 995,000 bales.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $4,000 Lieut. Gov. $8 pr day Treasurer 2,000 Sec'y of State 1,800 Auditor 2,500 Attorney Gen. 3,000 Adjutant Gen. 2,000 Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,000 Com'r of Agr. and Immig. 2,000 Chief Justice 5,000 4 Asso. Justices 5,000 Senators, Representatives $4 pr day and mileage 2 District Judges 3,500 to 4,500 Col. of Customs, N. O. 7,000 Col. Inter. Rev. 3,875 Surveyor Gen. 1,800 Chf. Draftsman $1,500 Supt. of Mint 3,500 Chief Clerk 2,000 Cashier 2,000 Presidential P. O. Alexandria $1,300 Baton Rouge 1,700 Donaldsonville 1,400 Franklin 1,100 Lake Charles 1,300 Monroe 1,400 New Iberia 1,500 New Orleans 3,700 Opelousas 1,100 Plaquemine 1,200 Shreveport 2,200 Thibodeaux 1,300

Ranks first in sugar and molasses, third in rice, seventh in cotton, ninth in salt. Total number industries, 1,553; capital invested, $11,462,468; value products, $24,205,183.

Population, 939,946: male, 468,754; female, 471,192; native, 885,800; foreign, 54,146; white, 454,954; colored, 483,655; Chinese, 489; Indians, 848; slaves, 1860, 331,726. Legislature and State officers elected quadrennially; members Congress, biennially. State elections, Tuesday after third Monday in April; number Senators, 36; Representatives, 98; sessions biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting second Monday in May; limit of session, 60 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 4 years each.

Number electoral votes, 8; number voters, 216,787; colored, 107,977; native white, 81,777; foreign white, 27,033. Idiots, insane and criminals excluded from voting.

Sugar cane first cultivated in the United States, near New Orleans, 1751, and first sugar mill used 1758.

Exports, 1882, $90,238,503; imports, $10,611,353; duties collected, $2,046,804; railroad mileage, Jan. 1, 1886, 1,397.

Legal interest, 5; by contract, 8; usury forfeits entire interest.

TEXAS. Tex´as. "Lone Star State."

Origin of name not definitely known; supposed by some have been name of Indian tribe.

First settlement by French on the Lavaca, 1685; admitted 1845; seceded February, 1861; re-admitted 1868.

Area, 265,780 square miles; extreme length, 825 miles; extreme breadth, 740 miles; coastline, 400 miles; number counties 230. Temperature at Galveston: winter, 53° to 63°; summer, 82° to 84°. Rainfall at Fort Brown, 33 inches.

Brownsville, El Paso, Indianola and Galveston are ports of entry. Houston, important railroad centre; pop., 16,513. Galveston, metropolis, has best harbor, and is chief shipping point; pop., 22,248. Austin, the capital; pop., 11,013. San Antonio, oldest town; pop., 20,550. Pop. Dallas, 10,358.

Number farms, 174,184; average value per acre, cleared land, $8.98; woodland, $4.

Cotton most valuable crop; acreage, 1883, 3,034,922; crop, 1,118,000 bales. Latest reported products, 4,951 hhds. sugar, 13,000 bbls. molasses, 1,460,079 bu. sweet potatoes, 5,560,600 bu. wheat, 60,290,000 bu. corn, 35,528 gals. wine, 13,899,320 lbs. butter, 50,600 bu. salt, 3,600 tons iron ore; coal area, 6,000 square miles.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $4,000 Lieut. Gov. $5 a day Sec'y of State 2,000 Treasurer 2,500 Attorney Gen. 2,000 Adjutant Gen. 2,000 Land Com. 2,500 Railroad Com. 3,000 Chief Justice 3,500 2 Asso. Justices 3,500 Senators, Representatives $5 a day and mileage. 3 Dist. Judges 3,500 Colls. Inter. Revenue 2,500 to 2,750 17 Deputy Collectors 300 to 1,850 Presidential P. O. Austin $3,000 Brenham 1,900 Corsicana 1,900 Dallas 3,000 Denison City 2,200 El Paso 2,100 Fort Worth 2,700 Gainesville 1,900 Galveston 3,200 Houston 3,000 Laredo 2,000 Marshall 2,000 Palestine 2,400 San Antonio 2,800 Sherman 2,300 Waco 2,500 54 Offices 1,900 to 1,100 7 Offices 1,000

Cotton picking, July to December; corn planting, middle of February; grain harvest, May; corn harvest, July.

Ranks first in cattle and cotton; second in sugar, sheep, mules and horses; sixth in miles railway; seventh in milch cows; eighth in rice and hogs.

Value flouring and grist mill products, $7,617,177; sawed lumber, $3,673,449; total number industries, 2,996; capital invested, $9,245,561; value products, $20,719,928.

Pop., 1,591,749: male, 837,840; female, 753,909; native, 1,477,133; foreign, 114,616; white, 1,197,237; colored, 393,384; Chinese, 136; Indians, 992.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 31; Representatives, 106; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Tuesday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 380,376. U. S. army, lunatics, idiots, paupers and convicts excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 10; school pop., 295,344; school age, 8-14.

Legal interest, 8; by contract, 12; usury forfeits entire interest.

ARKANSAS. Ar´kan-saw. "Bear State."

Name of Indian origin, signifying "Smoky Water," with prefix from French meaning "Bow."

Settled at Arkansas Post by French, 1685; became a Territory, 1819; admitted as a State, 1836; seceded March 4, 1861; re-admitted 1868

Area, 53,850 square miles; length, north and south, 240 miles; breadth, from 170 to 250 miles; Mississippi river frontage, about 400 miles. Number counties, 75.

Temperature at Little Bock: winter, 42° to 51°; summer, 79° to 82°. Rainfall, at Fort Smith, 40 in.; and at Washington, 55 in.

Hot Springs, in Garland county, famous for valuable medicinal springs; temperature of water, over 140°. Little Rock, the capital and metropolis; population, 13,138.

Number farms, 94,433. Average value per acre, cleared land, $11.78; woodland, $3.48.

Corn crop, 1884, 32,465,000 bushels; wheat, 1,885,000 bushels; cotton, 513,000 bales. Latest reported tobacco crop, 1,952,872 pounds; oats, 3,542,000 bushels; sweet potatoes, 881,260 bushels. Ranks sixth in cotton, and ninth in mules.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,500 Sec'y of State 1,800 Treasurer 2,250 Auditor 2,250 Attorney Gen. 1,500 Supt. Pub. Inst'n 1,600 Land Com'r. 1,800 Chief Justice 3,000 2 Asso. Justices 3,000 Senators, Representatives $6 a day. 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 Dist. Atty. $200 & fees 2 Asst. Dist. Attys. $1,200, 1,000 Col. Int. Rev. 2,750 10 Deputy Collectors 1,200 to 1,500 Presidential P. O. Arkadelphia $1,200 Batesville 2,200 Camden 1,200 Dardanelle 1,000 Eureka Springs 1,700 Fayetteville 1,500 Forest City 1,000 Fort Smith 2,000 Helena 1,800 Hope 1,400 Hot Springs 2,400 Jonesborough 1,100 Little Rock 2,800 Newport 1,400 Pine Bluff 1,800 Prescott 1,100 Texarkana 2,000 Van Buren 1,300

Number different industries, 2,070; for tar and turpentine, 26; sawing lumber, 354; flour and grist, 807.

Coal along Arkansas river; iron ores in Ozark Mountains; salt springs near Ouachita; oilstone near Hot Springs; kaolin in Pulaski county.

Population, 802,525; male, 416,279; female, 386,246; native, 792,175; foreign, 10,350; white, 591,531; colored, 210,666; Chinese, 133; Indians, 195; slaves, 1860, 111,115.

State elections biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Monday in September; congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 31; Representatives, 94; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 7; number voters, 182,977; native white, 129,675; foreign white, 6,475; colored, 46,827. Idiots, Indians, and persons convicted of crime excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 5; school population, 289,617; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits principal and interest.

MISSOURI. Mis-soo´ree. "The Pennsylvania of the West."

Name signifies "Mud River," and was taken from that of the river of same name. First settled at Ste. Genevieve by the French in 1755; organized as a Territory, 1812; admitted 1821.

Area, 69,415 square miles, nearly that of combined ares of New England States; length, north and south, 275 miles; average breadth, 245 miles; Mississippi river frontage, nearly 500 miles; number counties, 115.

Temperature at St. Louis: winter, 30° to 43°; summer, 75° to 80°; rainfall, 42 inches.

St. Louis, largest city west of the Mississippi, port of entry and great commercial and manufacturing point; pop., 350,518. Capital, Jefferson City; pop., 5,271. Pop. St. Joseph, 32,431; of Kansas City,—Chicago of the West,—55,787.

Number farms, 215,575; average value per acre, cleared land, $14.52; woodland, $8.25.

Corn crop, 1884, 197,850,000 bu.; wheat, 27,500,000 bu.; oats, 30,774,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 6,535,570 bu.; tobacco, 10,540,000 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $5,000 Sec'y of State 3,000 Treasurer 3,000 Auditor 3,000 Attorney Gen. 3,000 Adjutant Gen. 2,000 Supt. Pub. Sch'ls 3,000 Register Lands 3,000 3 Railr'd Com'rs 3,000 Supt. Ins. Dep't. 4,000 Chief Justice 4,500 Senators, Representatives $5 a day & mileage and $30 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 5 Collectors Int. Rev. 2,250 to 4,500 Surveyor of Cust. St. L. 5,000 Presidential P. O. Carthage $2,300 Chillicothe 1,800 Clinton 1,800 Columbia 1,900 Hannibal 2,500 Jefferson City 2,100 Joplin 1,800 Kansas City 3,600 Louisiana 1,800 Maryville 1,800 Mexico 1,900 Moberly 1,900 Nevada 1,300 Saint Joseph 3,200 Saint Louis 6,000 Sedalia 2,600 Springfield 2,400 Warrensburgh 1,800 60 P.O. 1,700 to 1,000

Latest reports give 548,990 tons coal; iron ore, 388,197 tons, value at $1,674,875; marble and limestone, 4,419,300 cubic feet. Lead is found in southwest, centre and southeast, having area of over 5,000 square miles.

Latest reported stock on farms; horses, 701,702; milch cow, 674,565; cattle other than cows and oxen, 1,410,507; sheep, 1,439,880; swine, 4,087,566. Hogs packed winter 1881-82, 804,239.

Ranks first in mules; third in oxen, hogs, corn and copper; sixth in iron ore, milch cows and horses; seventh in oats; eighth in wheat and tobacco; ninth in railroad mileage, sheep and potatoes.

Population, 2,168,380; male, 1,127,187; females 1,041,193; native, 1,966,802; foreign, 211,578; white, 2,022,826; colored, 145,350; Chinese, 91; Indians, 113.

Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every two years. State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after 1st Monday in November; number Senators, 34; Representatives, 141; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Wednesday after January 1st; limit of session 70 days; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 16; number voters, 541,207. U. S. army and inmates of asylums, poorhouses and prisons, excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 17; school population, 741,632; school age, 6-20.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits entire interest.

TENNESSEE. Tĕn-nê-see´. "Big Bend State."

Name derived from "Tannassee," Indian name for Little Tennessee river. First permanent settlement, 1756, on Tennessee river about 30 miles from present site of Knoxville; first Anglo-American settlement west of the Alleghanies and south of Pennsylvania; admitted 1845; seceded February, 1861; re-admitted 1868.

Area, 42,050 square miles, nearly that of Virginia; greatest length east and west, 432 miles; greatest breadth, 109 miles. Number of counties, 96.

Temperature at Nashville: winter, 37° to 48°; summer, 75° to 81°. Rainfall at Memphis, 45 inches.

Nashville, capital and metropolis, also most wealthy and prosperous city; population, 43,350. Memphis, principal grain and cotton market between St. Louis and New Orleans; pop., 33,592. Population Chattanooga, 12,898; of Jackson, 8,377; of Knoxville. 9,693.

First railroad; a portion of the Nashville & Chattanooga, between Nashville and Bridgeport, 1853; mileage, Jan. 1, 1886, 2,178.

Number farms, 165,650. Value per acre, cleared land, $13; woodland, $7.28. Corn crop of 1884, 65,723,000 bu.; wheat, 9,320,000 bu.; cotton, 314,000 bales; potatoes, 1883, 2,404,647 bu.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $4,000 Secretary of State 1,800 & fees Treasurer 2,750 Comptroller 2,750 Attorney Gen. 3,000 Supt. Pub. Inst'n. 1,800 Adjutant Gen. 1,200 Com'r Agr. 3,000 3 RR. Comm'rs 2,000 Librarian 1,000 Chief Justice 4,000 Senators, Representatives $4 a day & 16c. a mile. 3 Dist. Judges 3,500 Pension Agent 4,000 3 Colls. Int. Rev. 4,375 to 2,250 Presidential P. O. Bristol $1,700 Brownsville 1,300 Chattanooga 2,800 Clarksville 2,000 Columbia 1,800 Dyersburgh 1,000 Gallatin 1,400 Jackson 1,900 Jonesborough 1,000 Knoxville 2,900 Lebanon 1,500 Memphis 3,300 Murfr'sborough 1,600 Nashville 3,300 Pulaski 1,500 Shelbyville 1,400 Union City 1,500 6 Post Offices 1,200 4 Post Offices 1,100

Most valuable minerals are iron, copper and coal; area coal fields, over 5,000 square miles; product of pig iron, 70,873 tons; copper region in southwest, producing, from 1870 to 1880, nearly 13,000,000 lbs. ingot copper; excellent marbles and limestones, $131,700 being invested in quarries.

Ranks second in peanuts, average yield being 40 bu. per acre; third in mules; sixth in tobacco, yield being 707 lbs. per acre; seventh in copper; seventh in hogs; ninth in corn and cotton. Hemp, broom corn and flax are also valuable products.

Population, 1,542,359: male, 769,277; female, 773,082; native, 1,525,657; foreign, 16,702; white, 1,138,831; colored, 403,151; Chinese, 25; Indians, 352. Slaves, 1860, 275,719.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 99; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit of session, 75 days; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each. Number electoral votes, 12; number voters, 571,244; native white, 240,939; foreign white, 250,055; colored, 80,250. Non-payers of poll-tax excluded from voting.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any rate; usury forfeits excess of interest and $100 fine.

KENTUCKY."Corn Cracker State."

Name signifies "Dark and Bloody Ground," the country being the ancient hunting grounds of the Indians.

Earliest explorations made by John Finley and others, 1767; Daniel Boone established himself there, 1769, admitted as a State, 1792. Area, 40,400 square miles; greatest length, 350 miles; greatest breadth, 178 miles; river frontage, 812 miles; navigable waters, about 4,000 miles. Number counties, 118.

Temperature at Louisville: winter, 34° to 44°; summer, 75° to 80°. Rainfall at Springdale, 49 inches.

Louisville, the commercial emporium of the State, has large tobacco warehouses and pork-packing establishments; population, 123,758. Frankfort, the capital: population, 6,958. Population of Covington, 29,720. Lexington, former capital, founded 1776; population, 16,666. Newport connected with Covington by suspension bridge; population, 20,433. Louisville and Paducah, ports of entry.

Number farms, 166,453. Average value per acre, cleared land, $18.86; woodland, $12.82.

Ranks high as an agricultural State. Corn crop, 1884, 71,880,800 bu.; wheat, 13,425,000 bu.; oats, 7,865,000 bu.; tobacco, 1882, 198,905,994 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $5,000 Sec'y of State 1,600 Treasurer 2,400 Auditor 2,600 Atty. Gen. $500 & fees Reg. Ld. Office 2,400 Com'r of Agr. 2,000 Ins. Com'r. 4,000 3 R. R. Com'rs 2,000 Chief Justice 5,000 3 Asso. Justices 5,000 Senators, Representatives $5 pr. day mileage 15 cents. District Judge 3,500 Pension Agent 4,000 6 Cols. Int. Rev. 4,600 60 Deputy Collectors 300 to 2,000 Presidential P. O. Bowling Green $1,800 Covington 2,600 Danville 1,800 Frankfort 2,300 Georgetown 1,600 Henderson 1,800 Hopkinsville 1,800 Lexington 2,700 Louisville 3,700 Maysville 2,000 Mt. Sterling 1,700 Newport 2,100 Owensborough 2,000 Paducah 2,300 Paris 1,800 Richmond 1,600 Shelbyville 1,600 22 Offices 1,500 to 1,000

Has a world-wide reputation for thoroughbred horses and cattle. Latest reports give for stock on farms, horses, 370,028; milch cows, 304,720; cattle other than cows and oxen, 505,746; sheep, 980,166; swine, 1,954,919. Ranks first in tobacco; fourth in malt and distilled liquors; sixth in hogs; seventh in corn; eighth in rye, coal and mules.

Population, 1,648,690; male, 832,590; female, 816,100; native, 1,589,173; foreign, 59,517; white, 1,377,179; colored, 271,451; Chinese, 10; Indians, 50; slaves, 1860, 225,483.

State elections biennial, first Monday in August, in odd-numbered years; congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 38; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting last day of December; limit of session, 60 days, unless extended by vote; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 376,221. Bribers, robbers and forgers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 15; public school system framed, 1838; school age, 6-20.

Legal int., 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess over 10 per cent.

OHIO. O-hi´o. "Buckeye State."

Name of Indian origin, signifying "Beautiful River."

First permanent settlement at Marietta, 1788; admitted as a State, 1802.

Area, 41,060 square miles; greatest length east and west, 225 miles: extreme breadth, 200 miles; Ohio river frontage, 430 miles; lake frontage, 230 miles; number counties, 88.

Temperature at Cleveland: winter, 27° to 38°; summer, 68° to 72° At Cincinnati: winter, 34° to 45°; summer, 74° to 79°. Rainfall at Cleveland, 38 inches.

Cincinnati, "Queen City of the West," founded 1789, the metropolis; pop., 255,139. Cleveland has one of the best harbors on the lake; pop., 160,146. Columbus, capital and great railroad center; pop., 51,647. Chillicothe, capital, 1800 to 1810; Zanesville, 1810 to 1812; Chillicothe, 1812 to 1816; Columbus, 1816. Toledo, Sandusky, Cleveland and Cincinnati ports of entry.

Number farms, 247,189, of which 199,562 are occupied by owners; average value per acre, cleared land, $47.53; woodland, $41.37 wheat crop, 1884, 41,186,000 bu.; corn, 85,393,000 bu.; Oats, 23,419,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 16,452,315 bu.; tobacco, 29,947,536 lbs. Average value corn, 1881, 41 cents; wheat, 75 cents; oats, 29 cents.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $4,000 Sec'y of State 3,000 Treasurer 3,000 Auditor 3,000 Attorney Gen. 2,000 School Comm'r. 2,000 Supt. Ins. Dep't 1,800 Railroad Com'r 2,000 Sec'y Board Ag. 1,800 Com. Lab. Stati. 2,000 Chief Justice 3,500 Senators, Representatives $600 a y'r and 12c. mileage. 2 District Judges 3,500, 4,000 Pension Agt. 4,000 8 Collectors Int. Rev. 2,500 to 4,500 Presidential P. O. Akron $2,800 Canton 2,700 Chillicothe 2,400 Cincinnati 6,000 Cleveland 3,700 Columbus 3,400 Dayton 3,200 Delaware 2,400 Hamilton 2,400 Lima 2,400 Mansfield 2,700 Newark 2,400 Portsmouth 2,400 Sandusky 2,500 Springfield 3,100 Steubenville 2,400 Toledo 3,400 Youngstown 2,600 Zanesville 2,700 118 P.O. 2,300 to 1,000

Latest reported dairy products give: milk, 46,801,537 gallons; butter, 67,869,604 lbs.; cheese, 19,978,436 lbs. Pork packing extensively carried on; hogs packed winter 1881-82, 618,348.

Ranks first in agricultural implements and wool; second in petroleum, iron and steel; third in wheat, sheep, coal, malt and distilled liquors; fourth in printing and publishing, salt, miles railway and soap; fifth in milch cows, hogs, horses, hay, tobacco and iron ore.

Population, 3,198,062; male, 1,613,931; female, 1,584,126; natives 2,803,119; foreign, 394,943; white, 3,117,920; colored, 79,900; Chinese, 109; Indians, 130.

State and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 105; sessions biennial, but "adjourned sessions" practically amount to annual meetings; time, first Monday in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 23; number voters, 826,577; insane and idiots excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 35; school population, 1,081,321; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess above 6 per cent.

INDIANA. In-de-ah´nah. "Hoosier State."

First settled by Canadian voyagers at Vincennes, 1702; organized as a Territory, 1800; admitted 1816.

Area, 36,350 square miles; extreme length, 276 miles; average breadth, 140 miles; shore line on Lake Michigan, 40 miles. Michigan City the lake port. Number counties, 92.

Temperature at Indianapolis: winter, 29° to 41°; summer, 73° to 78°. Rainfall at Richmond, 43 inches.

Indianapolis is the capital and most flourishing city, and contains deaf and dumb, blind, and insane asylums; pop., 75,056. Terre Haute, extensive iron, whisky and pork market; pop., 26,042 Evansville, commercial centre of the southwest; pop., 29,280. Fort Wayne, emporium of the northeast; pop., 26,880.

Number farms, 194,013; average value, per acre, cleared land, $30.46; woodland, $26.90. Corn the most valuable crop; yield of 1884, 104,757,000 bu.; wheat, 31,270,000 bu.; oats, 78,650,000 bu. Dairy interest large and increasing; also the business of pork packing. Latest reports give 37,659,029 lbs. butter, and 1,521,275 lbs. cheese. Number hogs packed, winter 1881-82, 349,261.

Coal fields, about 6,500 square miles, extending from Warren county south to the Ohio; varieties are coking coal, Indiana block and cannel.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $5,000 Lieut. Gov. $8 a day Sec'y of State 2,000 Treasurer 3,000 Auditor 1,500 Attorney Gen. 2,500 Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,500 Sec. Bd. of Agr. 1,200 Librarian 1,200 5 Judges. 4,000 Senators, Representatives $6 a day and 20c. per mile. District Judge 3,500 Pension Agent 4,000 6 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,375 to 4,500 Surveyor Customs $1,000 & fees Presidential P. O. Crawfordsville $2,100 Elkhart 2,400 Evansville 2,900 Fort Wayne 2,900 Goshen 2,200 Indianapolis 3,500 La Fayette 2,700 La Porte 2,200 Logansport 2,400 Madison 2,000 New Albany 2,300 Peru 2,000 Richmond 2,700 South Bend 2,600 Terre Haute 2,800 Valparaiso 2,200 Vincennes 2,200 36 Offices 1,900 to 1,500 40 Offices 1,400 to 1,000

Ranks second in wheat; fourth in corn, hogs and agricultural implements; sixth in coal; seventh in horses, oxen and other cattle, malt and distilled liquors, and miles of railway; ninth in hay and milch cows.

Pop., 1,978,301: male, 1,010,361; female, 967,940; native, 1,834,123; foreign, 144,178; white, 1,938,798; colored, 39,228; Chinese, 29; Indians, 246.

State, congressional and presidential elections. Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 50; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting Thursday after first Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years.

Number electoral votes, 15; number voters, 498,437. Fraudulent voters and bribers excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 15; State University at Bloomington; medical school at Indianapolis; university at Notre Dame; flourishing common-school system; school population, 708,596; school age, 6-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits excess of interest.

ILLINOIS Il-lin-oí "Prairie or Sucker State."

From a tribe of Indians, signifying "a superior class of men."

First permanent settlement by French at Kaskaskia, 1682; organized as a Territory, 1809; admitted as a State, 1818.

Area, 56,650 square miles; greatest length, 385 miles; greatest breadth, 218 miles; highest land, 1,150 feet. Number of counties, 102. Has 4,000 miles navigable streams. Temperature at Chicago: winter, 25° to 37°; Summer, 68° to 73°. At Cairo: winter, 35° to 54°; summer, 76° to 80°. Rainfall at Peoria, 35 inches.

Kaskaskia, first capital, which was removed to Vandalia, 1818; and to Springfield, 1836. Chicago, "Garden City of the West;" pop., 503,185. Peoria ranks second; pop., 29,259. Quincy, third; pop., 27,268. Springfield, capital; pop., 19,743.

Number of farms, 255,741, of which 175,497 are occupied by owners. Value per acre, cleared land, $33.03; woodland, $23.68; 8,151,463 acres in corn, 1884, producing 244,544,000 bu.; wheat, 2,790,900 acres, producing 32,374,000 bu.; oats, 2,990,983 acres, producing 98,153,000 bu.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $6,000 Sec'y of State 3,500 Treasurer 3,500 Auditor 3,500 Attorney Gen. 3,500 Chief Justice 5,000 Senators, Representatives $5 pr. day, mileage 10c. & $50 2 Dist. Judges 4,000, 3,500 Pension Agent 4,000 8 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,125 to 4,500 Col. of Customs 7,000 Auditor 2,200 Appraiser 3,000 Examiner 2,000 Presidential P. O. Aurora $2,500 Bloomington 2,900 Cairo 2,400 Chicago 6,000 Decatur 2,700 Elgin 3,200 Freeport 2,600 Galesburgh 2,600 Jacksonville 2,500 Joliet 2,600 Moline 2,500 Ottawa 2,400 Peoria 3,200 Quincy 3,000 Rockford 3,000 Rock Island 2,500 Springfield 2,800 173 Offices 2,400 to 1,000

First recorded coal mine in America located near Ottawa, 1669. Coal area, over three-fourths of entire State; estimated to contain one-seventh of all known coal in North America; product, 1882, 9,000,000 tons.

Superior quality limestone on Fox and Desplaines rivers; lead most important mineral; Galena in centre of richest diggings of the Northwest. Rich salt wells in Saline and Gallatin counties, 75 gallons brine making 50 pounds salt.

Ranks first in corn, wheat, oats, meat packing, lumber traffic, malt and distilled liquors and miles railway; second in rye, coal, agricultural implements, soap and hogs; fourth in hay, potatoes, iron and steel, mules, milch cows and other cattle.

Population, 3,077,871: male, 1,586,523; female, 1,491,348; native, 2,494,295; foreign, 583,576; white, 3,031,151; colored, 46,368; Chinese, 209; Japanese, 3; Indians, 140.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 51; Representatives, 153; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 22; number voters, 796,847; convicts are excluded from voting.

School system excellent; number colleges, 28: school age, 6-21.

Legal interest, 6; by contract, 8; usury forfeits entire interest.

MICHIGAN. Mish´e-gan "Wolverine or Lake State."

Name of Indian origin, signifying Lake country.

First white settlement within limits of State, Sault Ste. Marie, 1668; organized as Territory, 1805; admitted 1837.

Area, 58,915 square miles; length of lower peninsula, from north to south, 277 miles; greatest breadth, 259 miles. Length of upper peninsula, east to west, 318 miles; width, 30 to 164 miles. Length lake shoreline, 1,620 miles. Number counties, 82.

Temperature at Detroit, winter, 24° to 36°; summer, 67° to 72°: rainfall, 30 inches.

Detroit the metropolis; pop., 133,269. Grand Rapids, manufacturing city; pop., 41,934. Lansing, the capital; pop., 9,776. Pop. Bay City, 29,413; East Saginaw, 29,100; Jackson, 19,136; Muskegon, 17,845; Saginaw, 13,767. Detroit, Marquette, Port Huron and Grand Haven are ports of entry.

Number farms, 154,008. Value per acre, cleared land, $34.39; woodland, $20.27. Corn crop, 1884, 26,022,000 bu.; wheat, 29,772,000 bu.; oats, 19,990,000 bu. Fruit raising an important industry.

Copper mines in Houghton, Ontonagon, and Keweenaw counties; valuable iron ores in Marquette and Delta counties; coal in Shiawassee, Eaton, Ingham and Jackson counties. Salt manufactured in year ending November 30, 1884, 3,252,175 barrels.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $1,000 Lieut. Gov. $3 a day Sec'y of State 800 Treasurer 1,000 Auditor Gen. 2,000 Supt. Pub. Inst'n 1,000 Adjutant Gen. 1,000 Secy Bd. Agr. 1,500 Insur. Com'r. 2,000 R. R. Com'r. 2,500 Immig. Com'r. 2,000 Chief Justice 4,000 Senators, Representatives $3 a day and 10c per mile Representatives 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 Pension Agt. 4,000 4 Colls. Int. Revenue 3,875 to 2,625 Presidential P. O. Adrian $2,400 Ann Arbor 2,600 Battle Creek 2,600 Bay City 2,700 Big Rapids 2,300 Detroit 3,700 East Saginaw 2,700 Flint 2,400 Grand Rapids 3,200 Jackson 2,700 Kalamazoo 2,700 Lansing 2,700 Marshall 2,300 Muskegon 2,500 Port Huron 2,400 Saginaw 2,300 52 P.O. $2,200 to 1,500 38 P.O. 1,400 to 1,100 9 P.O. 1,000

Ranks first in copper, lumber and salt; second in iron ore; third in buckwheat; fifth in sheep, hops and potatoes; sixth in wheat and barley; seventh in agricultural implements; eighth in miles railway; ninth in oats.

Grand Haven, Au Sable and Detroit are centres of valuable fishing interests; principal catch is trout and whitefish.

Population, 1,843,369: male, 958,551; female, 884,818; native, 1,419,395; foreign, 423,974; white, 1,817,562; colored, 17,548; Indians, 8,259.

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 32; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; terms of Senators and Representatives, 2 years each.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 467,687. Duelists are excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 9; efficient public schools; school age, 5-20.

Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits excess of interest.

WISCONSIN. Wĭs-kŏn´sĭn. "Badger State."

From river of same name; an Indian word signifying "Wild-rushing River." First settled by French, at Green Bay, 1669; organized as a Territory, 1836; first Territorial legislature at Belmont, Sept. 1, 1836; admitted as a State, 1847.

Area, 56,040 square miles; greatest length, 300 miles; greatest breadth, 260 miles; Mississippi river navigable throughout southwest boundary; excellent harbors in Lake Superior on north, and Lake Michigan on east. Port Washington, one of the finest natural harbors in tie world. Number counties, 67. Temperature at Milwaukee; winter, 19°to 31°; summer, 63° to 70°; rainfall, 30 inches.

Milwaukee, port of entry, great pork packing and beer brewing centre; also grain and wheat market: pop., 158,509. Madison, capital; pop., 12,064. Population Eau Claire, 21,668; Fond du Lac, 12,726.

Number farms, 102,904; average value per acre, cleared land, $26.27; woodland, $19.55. Wheat most valuable crop; cultivation of flax increasing; many acres devoted to culture of cranberries; buckwheat crop, 1883, 177,792 bu.; hay, 2,354,835 tons; corn, 1884, 26,200,000 bu.; oats, 45,940,000 bu.; wheat, 20,083,000 bu. Latest reported dairy products: milk, 25,156,977 gals.; butter, 33,739,055 lbs.; cheese, 19,088,405 lbs.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $5,000 Sec'y of State 5,000 Treasurer 5,000 Attorney Gen. 3,000 Railr'd Com'r. 3,000 Chief Justice 5,000 4 Asso. Justices 5,000 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 Senators, Representatives $500 per y'r, mileage 10c. Pension Agent 4,000 Indian Agent 1,500 4 Colls. Int. Revenue 4,500 to 2,750 23 Deputy Collect'rs 1,800 to 300 Collect'r of Customs 1,000 & fees. Presidential P. O. Appleton $2,400 Beloit 2,300 Chippewa Falls 2,100 Eau Claire 2,600 Fond du Lac 2,500 Green Bay 2,200 Janesville 2,500 La Crosse 2,600 Madison 2,700 Milwaukee 3,600 Oshkosh 2,600 Racine 2,700 Sheboygan 2,100 Watertown 2,000 Waukesha 2,000 Wausau 2,000 Whitewater 1,900 66 Offices 1,800 to 1,000

Extensive lead mines in Grant, Lafayette and Iowa counties; native copper in the north, in Crawford and Iowa counties. Milwaukee clay famous for making cream-colored brick. Iron ores in Dodge, Sauk, Jackson and Ashland counties.

Ranks second in hops, third in barley and potatoes, fourth in rye and buckwheat, fifth in oats and agricultural implements, seventh, in iron and steel, eighth in hay and milch cows, and ninth in copper.

Population, 1,563,423: male, 811,051; female, 752,372: native, 1,069,433; foreign, 493,990: white, 1,555,152; colored, 5,576; Indians, 2695

State, congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 33; Representatives, 100; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Wednesday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; of Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 11; number voters, 340,482; insane, idiots, convicts, bribers, betters and dualists excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 7; number public schools, 6,588; school population, 495,233; school age, 4-20.

Legal interest, 7; by contract, 10; usury forfeits entire interest.

IOWA Ī´o-wah. "Hawkeye State."

Name is of Indian origin, and means "The Beautiful land."

Part of the Louisiana purchase; merged into Missouri Territory, 1812; into Michigan, 1834; into Wisconsin, 1836. First white settlement at Dubuque, 1788. Admitted as a State, 1846.

Area, 56,025 square miles, about that of Illinois; extent north and south, 208 miles; east and west, about 300 miles. Principal rivers within State: Des Moines, Iowa and Little Sioux. Number counties, 99. Temperature at Davenport: winter, 21° to 37°; summer, 70° to 76°. Rainfall at Mascutine, 43 inches.

Des Moines, metropolis and capital: pop., 32,469. Pop. of Dubuque, 26,330; of Davenport, 23,830; of Burlington, 23,459; of Council Bluffs, 21,557. Keokuk, Burlington and Dubuque are United States ports of delivery.

Number farms, 185,351; average value per acre, cleared land, $27.36; woodland, $39.36. Corn crop, 1884, 252,600,000 bu.; wheat, 31,270,000 bu.; oats, 78,650,000 bu.; potatoes, 1883, 13,216,868 bu.; barley, 4,638,348 bu.; sorgham syrup, 2,640,000 gals.

Dairy interest growing in importance, creamery and factory products bringing high prices. There were 60,940,553 lbs. of butter and 3,378,924 lbs. cheese made in 1880.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,000 Lieut. Gov. 1,100 Sec'y of State 2,200 Treasurer 2,200 Auditor 2,200 Attorney Gen. $1,500 and $5 a day Supt. Pub. Inst. 2,200 3 R. R. Comm'rs 3,000 Librarian 1,500 Chief Justice 4,000 4 Asso. Justices 4,000 Senators, Representatives $550 per year 2 Dist. Judges 3,500 Pension Agent 4,000 4 Colls. Int. Rev. 2,500 to 4,500 Presidential P. O. Burlington $3,000 Cedar Rapids 2,900 Clinton 2,400 Council Bluffs 2,800 Creston 2,300 Davenport 2,900 Des Moines 3,300 Dubuque 3,000 Iowa City 2,400 Keokuk 2,600 Le Mars 2,100 Marshalltown 2,500 Muscatine 2,400 Oakalsosa 2,400 Ottumwa 2,500 Sioux City 2,700 Waterloo 2,400 63 Offices, 2,000 to 1,500 52 Offices, 1,400 to 1,000

Manufacturing establishments are numerous, including canning factories, stove and other foundries, engine-building, paper and woolen mills, lumber and saw mills, etc.

Ranks first in hogs; second in milch cows, oxen and other cattle, corn, hay and oats; third in horses; fifth in barley and miles of railway: sixth in potatoes and rye; seventh in wheat and coal.

Pop., 1,753,980: male, 911,759; female, 842,221: native, 1,443,576; foreign, 310,404: white, 1,753,980; colored, 9,310; Chinese, 33; Indians, 466

State elections annual, Tuesday after second Monday In October, excepting years of presidential elections, when State congressional and presidential elections occur together; number Senators, 50; Representatives, 100; sessions of legislature biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting second Monday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 yrs.; of Representatives, 2 yrs.

Number electoral votes, 13; number voters, 416,658. Idiots, insane and criminals excluded from voting.

Number colleges, 19: school pop., 604,739; school age, 5-21.

Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 10; usury forfeits 10 per cent. per year on amount. State has adopted prohibition.

MINNESOTA. Min´ne-sōta. "Gopher State."

Named from the river; term of Indian origin, signifying "whitish or sky-colored water."

Explored by Hennepin and La Salle, 1680; Fort Snelling built 1819; organized as a Territory, 1849; admitted 1858.

Area, 83,365 square miles, extreme length, 380 miles; breadth near north line, 337 miles; near middle, 183 miles; and on the south line, 262 miles. Number counties, 80.

Temperature at St. Paul: winter, 11° to 30°; summer, 67° to 74°. Rainfall at Fort Snelling, 25 inches.

Pembina, port of entry on Red river. St. Paul, port of delivery and capital; population, 148,074. Minneapolis, metropolis and great commercial centre for lumber, wheat and flour; population, 147,810. Land offices at Taylor's Falls, Fergus Falls, Worthington, Redwood Falls, Benson and Duluth.

Number farms, 140,000; value per acre, cleared land, $20; woodland, $15. Total acreage of the State, 53,353,600; in farms, 16,000,000; in forests, 1,800,000.

Salaries of State Officers. Governor $3,800 Lieut. Gov. 600 Sec'y of State 1,800 Treasurer 3,500 Auditor 3,000 Attorney Gen. 2,500 Supt. Pub. Ins. 2,500 Adjutant Gen. 1,500 Pub. Examiner 3,000 Ins. Comm'r 2,000 Com. Statistics 2,000 R. R. Commis'nr 3,000 State Librarian 2,000 Chief Justice 4,500 Senators, Representatives $5 a day and 15c. mileage. Dist. Judge 3,500 Presidential P. O. Brainerd $2,000 Crookston 1,800 Duluth 2,500 Faribault 2,100 Fergus Falls 2,000 Mankato 2,200 Minneapolis 3,500 Morehead 1,800 Northfield 1,800 Red Wing 2,300 Rochester 2,200 Saint Cloud 1,900 Saint Paul 3,500 Stillwater 2,400 Winona 2,500 9 P.O. 1,700 to 1,500 14 " 1,400 to 1,200 10 " 1,100 4 " 1,000

Wheat the staple, and milling the great industry, giving employment to nearly 4,000 people. Capital invested in flour and grist mills, $21,000,000; value of products, $45,000,000. Corn crop, 1884, 28,630,000 bu., valued at $7,797,900; wheat, 50,117,481 bu., valued at $25,000,000; oats, 36,100,000 bu., valued at $7,220,000. Average value of corn, 1884, 33 cents; of wheat, 50 cents; of oats, 20 cents.

Ranks fourth in wheat and barley, sixth in hay, eighth in oats.

Dairy interest increasing in value; production of butter and cheese becoming one of great industries; latest reports give 19,223,835 lbs. butter; cheese, 975,329 lbs.