INDEX

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y, Z

Aden, 85 Adler Line, 7 Aehrenthal, Count, 141 Agadir incident, 162 Agents, emigration, work of, 8 Alsace-Lorraine, problem of, 272 America, 12 Amerika, 25, 106, 129 Andersen, Mr., and the Danish Royal Family, 99 Anglo-American Alliance, Ballin’s opinion of, 256 Anglo-German rapprochement, 134 shipping agreement, 18 understanding, 164, 165 advantage of, 136 Ballin as negotiator, 136 failure of, 133 Anglo-Russian agreement, 137 Antwerp, 81, 82 Aquitania, 113 Asquith, Mr. H. H., 262 on Lord Haldane’s mission, 177 speech on Navy, 154 Atlantic Conference, 111 Atlantic Transport-Leyland Co., enlargement of, 45 Auguste Victoria, 25, 27, 72, 75, 193, 196 Australia, 12 Austria, need of compromise with Italy, 242 Austria-Hungary, strained relations between, 251 Austro-German Zollverein, 251 Baden-Powell, General, and the German menace, 138 Bagdad Railway, 189 Baker, B. N., American shipping magnate, 42 comes to Europe, 44 Baker, B. N., discusses terms of community of interest agreement, 42 Balkan States, and Germany, 251 Ballin, Albert, adopts Lord Pirrie’s advice, 44 advises peace overtures, 245 after the war problems, 255 agreement with Harland and Wolff, 122 American appreciation of, 308 an English journalist on, 293 ancestry of, 2 and Admiral v. Tirpitz, 237 and Adolph Woermann, 107 and Anglo-German rapprochement, 134 and Carl Laeisz, 294 and Count Tisza, 252 and Count Waldersee, 194 and Government subsidies, 60 and Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 69 and Hugo Stinnes, 280 and Mr. Gerard, 246 and labour questions, 297 and politics, 131 and North German Lloyd, 116 and Princess Marie of Denmark, 99 and Reichstag, 279 and submarine warfare, 252, 254 and the Russo-Japanese War, 104 and Union Line, 19 and working classes, 297 and world war, 132 anxiety as to Roumania, 244 article in Frankfurter Zeitung on blockade, 234 as Anglo-German negotiator, 136 as arbitrator, 79 as general representative of Carr Line, 12 as head of Packetfahrt passenger department, 18, 21 at Constitutional Club, 140 at Neues Palais, 204 at the German front, 266 attempts at mediation during war, 233 boldness of, 289 business principle of, 132 capacity for work of, 300 chairman of Pool Conference, 36 complains of German official high-handedness, 232 conducts London emigration discussions, 1898, 38 death of, 286 defends himself, 235 dines with Danish Royal Family, 100 disagrees with use of submarines, 229 discusses Morgan Trust with William II, 53 early biographical details of, 6 education of, 3, 4 establishes German-Japanese Bank, 204 estimates British naval staying-power, 253 Far East investigations, 84 favours peace by compromise, 236 forcing the British Lines, 36 friendliness of William II toward, 206 further reports on Morgan Trust negotiations, 49-50 grave warning in 1918, 279 Hamfelde, his country home, 310 handling of labour troubles, 298-9 his father’s death, 5 his life-work, 115 his 1901 trip epitomized, 95 his observation of details, 123 his view on evading war, July 27, 1914, 216 ideal in forming Pool, 66 impressions of Paris after Morocco affair, 181 in London discussing Austrian ultimatum, 215 in Vienna, 1916, 249 Ballin, Albert, intense patriotism of, 291 international services of, vii interview with Bethmann-Hollweg, 152 interview with Grey, Haldane, and Churchill, 215 last diary entry, 286 last meeting with William II, 209, 280 letter from William II, 175 letter to Kiderlen-Wächter, 163 letters to General v. Falkenhayn, 244 made Packetfahrt Director, 27 meets Sir Ernest Cassel, 138 mental versatility of, 2 mission to Vienna, 1915, 242 negotiations with Booth Line on Brazilian trade, 83 notes of conversations with William II, 203 official thanks to, 141 on Agadir incident, 163 on Blücher, 60 on death of Edward VII, 160 on engineering problems, 121 on foreign exchange, 274 on Hohenzollern, 202 on London in election time, 158 on naval armaments, 147 on neutrals, 245 on peace problems, 239 on sale of confiscated fleet, 230 on Sandjak Railway, 142 on security of William II, 241 on Serbian situation, 214 on war’s failures, 258 et seq. opinion of German Chancellor, 259 opinion of war’s duration, 237 personal characteristics of, 287 pioneer in steerage business, 11 policy of, 79 political views, 291 premier position at twenty-nine, 19 present from Marquis Ito, 311 prodigious memory of, 4 report on British attitude to Germany, 161 report on development of German shipping, 47 reticence of, 3 reviews war position in 1916, 258 ridicules submarine warfare, 268-9 stimulating influences of his life, 2 strain of war on health, 313 sturdy honesty of, 309 suggested as negotiator of peace, 286 suggests Pool, 24 talks with Prince Bülow, 271 talks with William II on submarine war, 248 threatens British traffic, 22 trip round the world, 83 value of wonderful memory, 35 views on character of William II, 285 visits London in 1914, 184 war problems of foreign policy, 241 William II discusses politics with, 203 William II writes to, on Navy Bill, 183 William II’s personal interest in, 198 wire from Leopold de Rothschild, 163 with Prince Henry of Prussia on the Hohenzollern, 57 with William II at Front, 266 with William II in Italy, 204 with William II on Kaiser Wilhelm II, 55 work in Reichseinkauf, 224 writes frank letter on war to William II, 1916, 252 et seq. writes on Morgan Trust, 46 writes to William II, April, 1917, 264 Bauer, Lieut.-Col., 280 Beck, Edward, 27 Berg, Herr von, 282 Berliner Tageblatt on Anglo-Russian naval agreement, 213 Bernstorff, Count, 264 Bethmann-Hollweg, von, 151, 152, 156, 262, 270, 277 attacked respecting Agadir, 162 on British delegation, 166-7 telegram to Mexico, 271 Bismarck, launch of, 202 Bismarck, Prince, 114 Blockade, German, futility of, 267 Blohm and Voss, 113 Blücher, Ballin on trial trip, 60 Boer War, European move to stop, 143 lesson of, 139 Bohlen, Krupp v., 282 Bolten, August, 10 British argument against German naval expansion, 133 Cabinet and German naval expansion, 182 confiscation of German merchant fleet, 229 convoys, how they outwitted the Germans, 267 emigration, comparison with German, 15 excitement over Morgan Trust, 60 feeling in Russo-Japanese war, at German attitude, 104 Ludendorff’s promise to crush, 266 Navy, Ballin on, 239 opinion on shipping deals, 67 rivalry with Germany, 133 shipbuilding, developments in, and Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 128, 208 shipbuilding, German move against, 17 shipping companies, Pierpont Morgan and, 55 shipping lines, and emigration, 7-14; agreement with, 23; join the Continental Pool, 23; offered to German companies, 67 supremacy, Ballin on, 241 Bülow, Prince, 141, 247, 270 Canadian Pacific Railway, 62, 111 Cargo and steerage shipping, 13 Carr, Edward, 12 Carr Line, the, 12 et seq. and Packetfahrt, 12 Cassel, Sir Ernest, 134 and Winston Churchill, 165 meets Ballin, 138 on Anglo-German understanding, 165 on naval problem, 179 on Sandjak Railway, 142 report of interview with, on Navy, 171 work for reduction of naval armaments, 134 et seq. Cholera, epidemic at Hamburg, 36, 72 Christiansand, port of, 21 Churchill, Mr. Winston, 166 at Kiel, 1914, 192 complains of Germany, 180 Sir Ernest Cassel on, 165 speech on Navy, 175 suggests a naval holiday, 186 Colombo, 86 Columbia, 77, 201 Community of interest agreement (see “Pool” and “Morgan Trust") Congo, Franco-German agreement, 162 Coolies, Chinese, 89 Cunard Line, and Austrian Government, 65 and Hungarian Government, 63 effect on Pool, 65 introduces turbines, 111 new liners, 113 opposition to cabin Pool, 61 refuses to join Pool, 37 Cuxhaven, development of, 69 regatta at, 205 Daily Telegraph, sent to William II, 270 the William II interview, 144 Dardanelles, the, operations in, 245 de Freitas and Co., A. C., 79 de Freitas Line, purchase of, 80 Denmark, emigration from, 13 Royal Family of, their interest in shipping, 99 Deutschland, 25, 78, 130 Diesel engine, application to steamship, 102 Dreadnoughts, 200 Eastern Asiatic Co., 98 Edward VII, 134 and Morgan Trust, 61 Edward VII, chances of Anglo-German war, during reign of, 139 death of, 158 policy of, 135 the Kiel week, 206 visit to Wilhelmshöhe, 136 visits Berlin, 145 visits Kaiser at Friedrichshof, 142 Elbe, enlargement of harbour facilities on the, 69, 70, 79 Ellerman, Mr., of Leyland Line, 45 Emden, rise of, 83 Emigrants, early accommodation of, 7, 8, 14 Emigration, anti-British action, 17 Ballin’s work for, 9 beginnings of pooling, 12 British and German, 15 British rates, 22 business, how controlled, 8 comparisons of Carr Line and Packetfahrt, 15 cost of, 12 Danish, 13 Hungarian, 63 in the ’seventies, 8 medical control established, 74 on pre-paid basis, 9 et seq. rate war begins, 14 statistics of, 103 stopped by Hamburg cholera epidemic, 36 Emigration Law, German, 23 Erzberger, Herr, 244 Esher, Lord, and the Admiralty, 138 Europe, concerted inquiry to Germany, 140 situation in September, 1916, 262 Falkenhayn, General v., Ballin and, 244 Finland, 278 Forced draught, first vessels under, 26 Foreign exchange, Ballin on, 273 Francis Joseph, Emperor, 250 and Count Tisza, 250 Frederick the Great on experience, viii Frisch, Geheimrat, 223 Furness, Sir Christopher, and Morgan Trust, 61 Fürst Bismarck, 193 Fürstenkonzern, 110 George V, King, Ballin’s letter respecting, 160 George, Mr. Lloyd, speech on Agadir incident, 162 visits Germany, 143 Gerard, Mr., and Ballin, 246 German-British shipping agreement, 18 German emigration fleet, in 1882, 10 German Government, note to British Government, 170 German Naval Bill, 137 German Navy, the 1908 affair, 138 Germany, and Belgian Relief Committee, 231 and the Merchant Service Bill, 228 bad feeling among neutrals to, 245 Ballin cries “everything is being gambled away,” 257 Ballin discusses after-the-war problems, 255 big naval programme, 143 British agitation against, 137 confiscation of merchant fleet, 229 control of trade and industries, 274 failure of political leaders, 264 favourable shipping situation of, 80 feeling towards British, 143 food problem, September, 1918, 284 habit of premature actions, 273 ignorance of British character, 260 internal condition in August, 1914, 223 et seq. lack of effective administration during war, 233 mental attitude of, 134 plans to approach President Wilson, 283 Germany, state in 1916 “like living in a madhouse,” 257 useless sacrifices of, 229 war condition of, 257 war-hopes in ruins, 269 Germany’s industrial growth, 7 Gigantic, 113 Goschen, Sir Ernest, 153 Gothenburg, port of, 21 Grey, Sir Edward, 262 on Lord Haldane’s mission, 177 on naval armaments, 157 on the Navy, 138 Great War (see World War) Grumme, Capt. v., joins Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 199 with William II at Morgan Trust discussion, 53. Hague Conference, 137 Hahn, Dr. Diederich, Chairman Agrarian League, 59 Haldane, Lord, 171 and British neutrality, 190 Cabinet’s attitude toward, 184 explains to Ballin, 191 German opinion respecting, 187 success of his mission, 177 visits Berlin, 134, 167 William II’s discussions with, 174 et seq. Hamburg, absorption into Prussia, 296 birthplace of Ballin, 1 cholera epidemic in, 36, 72 dock strike, 299 in the nineteenth century, 1-6 Hamburg-Amerika Linie, and Great Britain, 207 and Persia, 107 and Russo-Japanese war, 105 buys foodstuffs for isolated Germany, 223 far-reaching alterations, 98 fate of ships when war broke out, 220 financial stability of, 116 fleet of, 116 instructions to ships on eve of war, 220 new premises, 202 sixtieth anniversary, 117 William II and, 195 Hamburg-Amerika Linie (see also Packetfahrt) Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft, 7 Hamburg Regattas, William II at, 201 Hamburg-South American S.S. Co., 79 Hammann, Geheimrat, 138, 141 Hammonia, 24 Hansa Line, 69 taken over by Hamburg-Amerika Linie, 70 Hansemann, v., director Disconto-Gesellschaft, 55 Hansen, President, Chief of Arbitration Court Pool, 35 Harbou, Major v., 282 Harland and Wolff, 112, 121 Henckell-Donnersmarck, Prince, Kaiser’s interest in, 47 Hintze, Herr v., 283 Hohenzollern, 194 Holland-America Line, 7 Holland, Queen of, offers mediation, 283 Holtzendorff, Admiral v., 246 Hongkong, 88 Huldermann, Bernhard, and Count Witte on averting war, 217 and Navy Bill, 170 Immco Lines, Pool name for Morgan Trust, 65 Immigrants, Scandinavian trade, 36 Imperator, 31, 113, 125, 126 International Mercantile Marine Company (see Morgan Trust) Inverclyde, Lord, and Morgan Trust, 64 Italia Company, the, started, 79 Italy, agreement with, necessary to success of war, 241 Germany’s failure in, 242 Jagow, Herr v., 213, 214 Jewish ancestry of Ballin, 2 Jones, Sir A., and the Morgan Trust, 6 Jonquières, Herr v., 231 Kaiser Wilhelm der Grösse, 77 Kaiser Wilhelm II, 205 Kaiserin, 113 Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, 25, 106, 129 Kaiserin, the, and the war, 211 opposition to private life, 285 Kiautschou, 97 Kiel Canal, widening the, 200 Edward VII at, 206 Week, origin of, 201 Kirchheim, Chief Inspector Emil F., viii Köhlhrand, agreement the, 295 Kühlmann, Herr v., 189 Kunhardt, M., 27 Kuskop, Karl, 303 Laeisz, Carl, 293 Laeisz, F., 293 Laird’s, orders to, 26 Law, German Emigration, of 1887, 23 Leuthold, Prof., 199 Leyland Line, acquired by Pierpont Morgan, 48 Liberal Cabinet, and naval armaments, 149 Liberal Government, and Anglo-German understanding, 136 Lichnowsky, Prince, 188 view on Haldane’s “neutrality” conversation, 191 Liners, developments in, 125 et seq. Lohmann, Mr., 10 Director-General of Lloyd Line, 32 Ludendorff, and the Crown Prince, 280 and “to her knees” promise, 266 Lusitania, 62, 113 Marie, Princess, of Denmark, 99 Marine engineering, Ballin’s enterprise in, 122 development of, 119 Packetfahrt types, 125 progress in, 127 Marschall, Bieberstein v., 188 Mauretania, 62, 113 Mediterranean Conference, 111 Meteor, 197 Metternich, Count, at St. James’s, 212 on Anglo-German understanding, 187 predicts Great War, 188 sees Sir Edward Grey, 178 Morgan, Pierpont, guest of William II at Kiel, 61 Morgan, Trust, the, 40 et seq. agreement reached, 52 announced to British Press, 59 effect of freight slump, 61 final discussions in New York, 55 et seq. financial aspect, 45 inception of, 45 International Mercantile Marine Co., formal name of, 65 King Edward VII and, 61 outline of draft agreement, 51 Pierpont Morgan at London Conference, 49 Pierpont Morgan’s operations attract public attention, 46 telegram from William II, 56 terms of agreement, 58 William II discusses, 53 Morris and Co., 1 et seq. Mutius, Herr v., 247 Nanking, 92 Naumann, Dr., and “Berlin to Bagdad,” 276 Nautikus, naval propaganda in, 200 Naval armaments, a cause of unrest, 133 Ballin’s report on, 146 et seq. big navy propaganda, 133 Reichstag and reduction of, 145 Naval Bill of 1912, 155 Ballin writes to Sir Ernest Cassel on, 168 British alarm at, 166 Naval holiday, Mr. Churchill suggests a, 186 Navy, a bigger British, 171 Navy League, German, 137 New York, 49 New York, emigration to, in the ’eighties, 7 et seq. steerage passengers to, statistics, 29 Normannia, 77 North Atlantic Steamship Lines Association, history of, 32 North German Gazette, 157 North German Lloyd, 7, 98, 106, 111 competes with Packetfahrt, 10 jubilee of, 117 Oertzen, Herr v., 91 Olympic, 113 Packetfahrt, the, a founder of, 10 agreement with Philadelphia Shipping Co. and Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 77 and Ballin, 289 and Carr Line, 12 and emigrants, 10 and Harland and Wolff, 121 and Russian coal, 104 and the Russo-Japanese War, 103 Ballin made director of, 27 celebration of jubilee, 74 1886 Pool, 21 extension of South American business, 80 improved appointments and accommodation on vessels, 26 increase of capital, 26 letter from chairman of Cunard Company, 75 more new vessels built, 25, 74 New York branch established, 27 passenger department created, 19 service to Mexico, 83 statistics (1886), 19 (see also Hamburg-Amerika Linie) Panther, William II and, 210 Paris Economic Conference, 276 Passenger traffic, improvements in, 41 Peace negotiations, Ballin and, 286 Peters, Heinrich, central offices of, 34 secretary of Pool, 31 Philadelphia, 49 Pirrie, Lord, 121 advises Ballin, 44 discusses Morgan Trust, 63 Pleasure cruises, inception of, 70 et seq. Pool accommodation discussions (1898), 38 actuarial basis of, 34 agreement on (1891), 24 agreement with Allan Line, 74 agreement with Italian Lines, 74 agreement with Lloyd Line, 74 Ballin’s opinions upon, 115 British Lines refuse (1892), 33 cardinal principles of, 30 Cunard Line refuses to join, 37 details of the, 28 Heinrich Peters, secretary of, 31 its most dramatic episode, 67 more internal troubles, 115 negotiations for a greater, 35 North Atlantic Steamship Lines Association, formal name of, 33 proposed by Ballin, 1886, 24 special, for Mediterranean business, 34 terms definitely made, 33 the General, 111 the transatlantic, 110 tonnage and passenger statistics, 29 U.S.A. Railway pool compared, 28 world war’s effect upon, 111 Port Said, 85 Pretoria, 201 Princes’ Trust, 110 Prinzessin Victoria Luise, 130 Prussia, Prince Henry of, 57 Rate war, the, 14, 110 Red Star Line, 7 Reichseinkauf, the, formation of, 223 Reuchlin, Mr., of Holland-American Line, 32 Richardson, Spence and Co., 9 Riga, fall of, 272 Roumania, anxiety regarding food from, 251 neutrality of, 244 supplies grain during war to Germany, 227 Rupprecht of Bavaria, Prince, 137 Russia, army of, 139 Russian East Asiatic S.S. Co., 101 Russian Press, outburst against Sandjak Railway, 141 Russian Volunteer Fleet, 111 Russo-Japanese War, 102 coaling problems for Russian fleet, 105 ships for, 25 St. Louis, 49 St. Paul, 49 Sandjak Railway, 141 Scandia Line, 21 Scandinavian emigration, 21 Schön, Herr v., 141 Schratt, Frau Kathi, 250 pro-English sympathies of, 252 Schwander, Dr., 272 Shanghai, 90 Shaughnessy, Lord, 62 Shipping agreement on rates, 17 agreements, enormous range of, 111 British tonnage in 1901, 49 crisis of 1907, 111 Imperial Government’s interest in, 55 some tonnage comparisons, 49 statistics (1881-1885), 29 transatlantic business, trend of, 67 Ships, speed of, in 1882, 10 Singapore, 87 Skoda, Baron, 251 Sloman and Co., R. M., 18 South African War, 79 South America, development of, 82 Southampton, Packetfahrt service transferred to, 73 Spanish-American War, ships for, 25 Steinhöft, Hamburg, 1 Stettin, Vulkan Yard, 78, 113 orders to, 26 Stinnes, Hugo, 280 Storm, Director A., viii Strasser, Mr., of the Red Star Line, 32 Stürgkh, Count, 243 Francis Joseph and, 250 Submarine warfare, 248, 252, 258 amazing achievements, 268 unrestricted, beginning of, 263 Thingvalla Line, 21 Times, The, on German neutrality, 104 Tirpitz, Admiral v., 151, 152, 199 and Ballin, 237 threatens resignation, 246 Tisza, Count, 243 and Count Stürgkh, 250 Titanic, 113 Tokio, 93 Trans-Andine Railway, completion of, 82 Tsingtau, 92, 97 Tweedmouth, Lord, and the Kaiser, 137 Ukraine, the, 278 U.S.A., application of Monroe doctrine in, 82 cholera and isolation in, 73 devastating effects of entry into war, 255 economic depression of the ’eighties, 9 enters the war, 269 German fears of intervention, 252 immigration from Scandinavia, 21 Railway Pool, 29 railways and shipping co-operation, 44 Vaterland, 113 Versailles treaty, German view of, 208 Vienna, conditions in, 249 Vulkan Yard, Stettin, 26, 78, 113 Waldersee, General Count Georg, and Ballin, 194 on rationing Germany, 221 Westminster Gazette (article in facsimile at end), 163, 235 White Star Line, and Pierpont Morgan, 55 new liners, 113 Wiegand, Dr. Heinrich, 119 and Morgan Trust, 54 Wilding, Mr., Ballin’s friendship for, 9 William II, and “a place in the sun,” 202 and British Navy, British feeling aroused, 137 and Daily Telegraph interview, 143 and Nicholas, suggested talk to avert war, 220 and President Wilson’s note, 285 and the Bismarck, 114 at Hamburg, 193 Ballin explains situation in September, 1918, 209 Ballin reports to, on navy problem, 138 Ballin tells him the ugly truth in 1917, 267 blind to situation, September, 1918, 283 “brimful of optimism,” 272 comments on Westminster Gazette article, 163 designs excursion steamer, 196 discusses Morgan Trust with Ballin, 53 discusses Morocco question, 205 facsimile comments on Westminster Gazette article (see end of book) interest in German shipbuilding, 196 interest in Morgan Trust, 197 intervenes in shipping struggle, 106 isolation of, 255 last meeting with Ballin, 280 letter on British Navy, 137 maritime interests of, 201 monarchical discussions, Ballin and, 285 on balance of power, 165 on Germany’s Austro-Hungarian policy, 189 on the Churchill speech, 183 outspoken letter in 1916 from Ballin, 252 et seq. personal interest in Ballin, 198 persuaded to retire into private life, 285 sees Edward VII at Friedrichshof, 142 supports Ballin’s mission of inquiry to U.S.A., 54 telegram to Morgan Trust, 56 venerated in Austria, 251 visits Windsor, 136 wants apology from Great Britain, 183 writes to Ballin on Haldane interview, 175 Wilson, President, 263 Witt, Mr. Johannes, 27 Witte, Count, on situation July, 1914, 217 Woermann, Adolph, 107 character sketch of, 108 World war, the, 213 Ballin attempts mediation, 233 Ballin describes 1917 situation to William II, 265 Ballin favours a compromise, 236 Ballin on neutrals, 245 Ballin on the blockade, 234 Ballin on the crisis, 215 Bismarck’s prophecy regarding, 133 British censorship in, 225 coal problems during, 102 Count Witte on situation, July 24th, 1914, 217 defection of German conscripts, 281 effect on Pool, 111 World war, the, entry of U.S.A., effect of, 253 et seq. food problems of Germany, 222 forced upon William II, 285 foreign policy and food during, 241 German mistakes in, 258-9 Germany stunned by débâcle, 236 grain from Roumania, 227 indemnities, 261 Mexico telegram, 271 outbreak of, 132 peace overtures, 245 position in 1916, 258 provisioning Germany, 221 shipping profits during, 65 submarine warfare in, 229 the British blockade, 224 Tyrol, failure in the, 259 Verdun and Italian campaigns, political and military failures, 258 World’s shipping collapse, cause of, 229 Yang-Tse-Kiang, the, 91, 96 Zentral-Einkaufs-Gesellschaft, 226 et seq.

Printed in England by Cassell & Company, Limited, London, E. C. 4.

FOOTNOTES:

Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:

aded to their fleets=> added to their fleets {pg 48}

in the era on the machine-gun=> in the era of the machine-gun {pg 266}

aready explained=> already explained {pg 270}