A Text-book of Paper-making

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First-class Medal, London International Exhibition, 1862.

SPECIALTIES.

Improved Paper Making Machines (nearly 100 at work).

Presse Pâte Machines.

Single Cylinder Machines.

Patent Flat Strainers (over 200 at work).

Special Strainer Plates.

Kollergangs or Edge Runners.

Angle and Square Paper Cutters.

Slitting and Winding Machines.

Web Glazing Calenders.

Superior Chilled Rolls.

Patent Cone Beater.

Sheet and Boarding Calenders.

SPECIALTIES.

Improved Damping Rolls.

Patent Deckle for Wire Frames (Archibald and Purdie’s).

Patent Wire Guide.

Improved Pulp Engines.

Direct Driving Gear for Pulp Engines.

Pumps of All Kinds.

Hydraulic Presses and Hoists.

ALSO

Steam Engines of all Classes, High-pressure. Condensing, or Compound, up to any indicated Horse-power, Over 300 at work.

BENTLEY & JACKSON, PAPER-MAKERS’ ENGINEERS, BURY, NEAR MANCHESTER,

Makers of Rag Choppers, Dusters & Willows. Patent Rag Cutter, To Cut Rags or Bagging into pieces 1 inch square and upwards. Spherical & Cylindrical Revolving Rag Boilers. Improved Rag Engines. Paper-Cutting Machines. Ripping & Winding Machines. Presse Pâtes. Paper-Making Machines. Steam Engines. EDGE RUNNER. MACHINE-MADE WHEELS AND PULLEYS. ESTIMATES ON APPLICATION.

McDougall’s Patent Steam Trap, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PAPER-MAKERS. For ejecting automatically, without loss of steam, the water of condensation from drying cylinders, calender rolls, steam-engine cylinders, steam piping, &c., &c. Will work at zero, or 250 lb. pressure. All working parts are of gun-metal. The only trap made on a correct principle. For Prices and further information apply to THE CHADDERTON IRON WORKS CO., LIMITED, ENGINEERS, BOILER MAKERS, AND IRONFOUNDERS, IRK VALE, CHADDERTON, Near MANCHESTER, Sole Makers of Plant for McDougall’s Patent Wood Pulp Process. Specialty, Revolving Boilers, 8 to 12 feet diameter. LONDON OFFICE—10 MARK LANE. MANCHESTER OFFICE—68, PORT ST.

Published on the 10th of each Month. THE OLDEST ESTABLISHED AND THE RECOGNISED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PAPER TRADE IN GREAT BRITAIN. SPECIAL REPORTS FROM OWN CORRESPONDENTS. PAPER MAKERS’ CIRCULAR, Rag Merchants’ Gazette, and Price Current. TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION:— United Kingdom—Five Shillings. United States—One dollar fifty cents. British Colonies—Six Shillings. Post Free France—Eight Francs. for Germany—Six Marks. Twelve Months. Italy—Eight Lires. Published in connection with this Journal, price 5s., Paper Makers’ Directory of all Nations, By S. CHAS. PHILLIPS. BEST MEDIUM FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. Offices: 19, CURSITOR STREET, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, E.C., And 160a, Fleet Street, London, E.C. NEW YORK: 60, Duane Street. PARIS: 17, Rue de la Banque. LEIPSIC: 3, Grimmaischer Steinweg. AMSTERDAM: 60, Rokin.

ESTABLISHED 1849. J. & R. SHORROCK, Bolton Road and Lee Foundries, DARWEN, LANCASHIRE, MANUFACTURERS OF SPECIALTIES IN PAPER-MAKERS’ MACHINERY.

COMPRISING:

Fourdrinier Paper Machines, of the most modern construction, of any specified width, and having any required number of Cylinders.

Single Cylinder, Millboard and Half-Stuff Machines.

Revolving and Flat Strainers (including Wrigley and Robertson’s Patent).

Rag and Rope Choppers of various sizes.

Spherical or Cylindrical Revolving Boilers and Vertical Boilers, in Wrought Iron or Steel.

Rag Engines of all Sizes, with Troughs cast in one piece, or in segments.

Web and Plate Glazing Calenders, with Rolls of Chilled Iron, Steel, Brass, Paper, or Cotton.

Ripping and Winding Machines.

Reeling Machines (including Lowe’s Patent).

Improved Revolving Paper Cutters.

Square and Circular Dusters.

Double and Single Willows.

Hydraulic Presses, Agitators, Stuff Chests.

Mixing Pans and Cisterns.

Double and Single Acting Pumps of all sizes, for Water, Pulp, or Chemicals.

Brass Couch and Press Rolls, and Brass Strainer Plates.

Steam Boilers, Steam Engines.

Shafting, Pulleys, Pipes, &c.

LONDON OFFICE:—7, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET.

ESTABLISHED 1849 · J · & · R · Shorrock · Engineers, Bolton Road & Lee Foundries, DARWEN, LANCASHIRE London Office 7 Queen Victoria St. E. C. MAKERS OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES FROM 10 TO 1000 H.P. SPECIALTIES IN MACHINERY FOR PAPER MAKING PAPER STAINING CALICO WEAVING, CALICO PRINTING MILL GEARING, PULLEYS FOR BELT OR ROPES UP TO 36 FEET DIA. SPUR, BEVEL, MORTICE, HELICAL & WORM WHEELS IN IRON, STEEL OR PHOSPHOR BRONZE IRON CASTINGS UP TO 40 TONS WEIGHT

Fcap. 8vo, cloth, price 3s.

THE PRACTICAL PAPER-MAKER.

BY JAMES DUNBAR.

Third Edition.

SPONS’

ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF RAW MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURES.

Parts XV. and XVI.—FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.

Part XXIV.—PAPER.

Price 2s. each Part.

E. & F. N. SPON, 125, Strand, London.

New York: 35, Murray Street.

PURE POWDERED 98% CAUSTIC SODA.

BLEACHING POWDER

OF EXTRA STRENGTH.

ALUMINATE OF SODA,

Substitute for Alum: a new Specialty for Paper Makers.

ABOVE IN ALL SIZES OF PACKAGES TO SUIT LARGE OR SMALL CONSUMERS.

Correspondence invited. Special information given.

Greenbank Alkali Works Co.,

ST. HELENS, LANCASHIRE.

ESTABLISHED 1866.

IMPORTANT TO PAPER MAKERS. 29th YEAR of PUBLICATION. Circulated throughout the Civilized World. The oldest established and recognised organ of the STATIONERY AND PAPER TRADES. THE STATIONER, PRINTER, AND FANCY TRADES’ REGISTER. TO ADVERTISERS. information, including Scale of Charges and Quotations for Advertisements, will be forwarded on application to S. CHAS. PHILLIPS, 160a, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. NEW YORK:—60, Duane Street. PARIS:—29, Rue Des Petites Ecuries. LEIPSIC:—3, Grimmaischer Steinweg. AMSTERDAM:—60, Rokin. MELBOURNE, SYDNEY, and CALCUTTA, &c. Quarter of a Century of Success. Best Medium for Paper Makers’ Advertisements. PUBLISHED ON THE 6th OR 7th OF EACH MONTH. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: Home, 6s. 6d. Indo-Colonial (abroad generally), 7s. 6d. Post-free.

Crown 8vo, cloth, with Illustrations, Price 5s. WORKSHOP RECEIPTS, FOR THE USE OF Manufacturers, Mechanics, & Scientific Amateurs. BY ERNEST SPON.

CONTENTS:

Bookbinding — Bronzes — Candles — Cement — Cleaning — Concretes — Dyeing — Electro-Metallurgy — Enamels — Engraving — Etching — Firework Making — Freezing — Fulminates — Furniture Creams, Oils, Polishes, Lacquers, and Pastes — Gilding — Glass Cutting — Glass Making — Graining — Gums — Horn Working — India-rubber — Ink — Japans — Lacquers — Marble Working — Matches — Mortars — Paper Hanging — Painting in Oils — Photography — Polishes — Pottery — Silvering — Soap-Solders — Taxidermy — Treating Horn, Mother-o’-Pearl, and like substances — Varnishes — Veneering — Whitewashing, &c., &c.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.

WORKSHOP RECEIPTS

(SECOND SERIES).

BY ROBERT HALDANE.

Devoted mainly to subjects connected with Chemical Manufactures. An entirely New Volume. Uniform in Size, Style, and Type with the Original ‘Workshop Receipts.’

CONTENTS.

Acidimetry and Alkalimetry — Albumen — Alcohol — Alkaloids — Baking Powders — Bitters — Bleaching — Boiler Incrustations — Cements and Lutes — Cleansing — Confectionery — Copying — Disinfectants — Dyeing — Staining and Colouring — Essences — Extracts — Fireproofing — Gelatine — Glue and Size — Glycerine — Gut — Hydrogen Peroxide — Inks — Iodine — Iodoform — Isinglass — Ivory Substitutes — Leather — Luminous Bodies — Magnesia — Matches — Paper — Parchment — Perchloric Acid — Pigments — Paint and Painting — Potassium Oxalate — Preserving.

E. & F. N. SPON, 125, Strand, London.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.

WORKSHOP RECEIPTS

(THIRD SERIES).

BY C. G. WARNFORD LOCK, F.L.S.

Devoted mainly to Electrical and Metallurgical subjects.

CONTENTS:

Alloys — Aluminium — Antimony — Barium — Beryllium — Bismuth — Cadmium — Cæsium — Calcium — Cerrium — Chromium — Cobalt — Copper — Didymium — Electrics (including alarms, batteries, bells, carbons, coils [induction, intensity, and resistance], dynamo-electric machines, fire risks, measuring, microphones, motors, phonographs, photophones, storing, telephones) — Enamels and Glazes — Erbium — Gallium — Glass — Gold — Indium — Iridium — Iron — Lacquers — Lanthanum — Lead — Lithium — Lubricants — Magnesium — Manganese — Mercury — Mica — Molybdenum — Nickel — Nisbium — Osmium — Palladium — Platinum — Potassium — Rhodium — Rubidium — Ruthenium — Silenium — Silver — Slag — Sodium — Strontium — Tantalum — Terbium — Thallium — Thorium — Tin — Titanium — Tungsten — Uranium — Vanadium — Yttrium — Zinc — Zirconium.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.

WORKSHOP RECEIPTS

(FOURTH SERIES).

By C. G. WARNFORD LOCK, F.L.S.

Devoted mainly to Handicrafts and Mechanical subjects.

250 Illustrations, with complete Index and a general Index to the Four Series.

CONTENTS:

Waterproofing: rubber goods, cuprammonium processes, miscellaneous preparations — Packing and Storing articles of delicate odour or colour, of a deliquescent character, liable to ignition, apt to suffer from insects or damp, or easily broken — Embalming and Preserving anatomical specimens — Leather Polishes — Cooling Air and Water, producing low temperatures, making ice, cooling syrups and solutions, and separating salts from liquors by refrigeration — Pumps and Syphons, embracing every useful contrivance for raising and supplying water on a moderate scale, and moving corrosive, tenacious, and other liquids — Desiccating: air- and water-ovens, and other appliances for drying natural and artificial products — Distilling: water, tinctures, extracts, pharmaceutical preparations, essences, perfumes, and alcoholic liquids — Emulsifying as required by pharmacists and photographers — Evaporating: saline and other solutions, and liquids demanding special precautions — Filtering: water, and solutions of various kinds — Percolating and Macerating — Electrotyping — Stereotyping by both plaster and paper processes — Bookbinding in all its details — Straw Plaiting and the fabrication of baskets, matting, etc. — Musical Instruments: the preservation, tuning, and repair of pianos, harmoniums, musical boxes, etc. — Clock and Watch Mending: adapted for intelligent amateurs — Photography: recent development in rapid processes, handy apparatus numerous recipes for sensitizing and developing solutions, and applications to modern illustrative purposes.

E. & F. N. SPON, 125, Strand, London.

SPONS’ ENCYCLOPÆDIA

OF THE

INDUSTRIAL ARTS, MANUFACTURES, & COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS.

EDITED BY C. G. WARNFORD LOCK, F.L.S., &c., &c.

In Super-royal 8vo, containing 2100 pp., and Illustrated by nearly 1500 Engravings.

Can be had in the following

bindings:—

£ s. d.

In 2 vols., cloth 3 10 0

In 5 divisions, cloth 3 11 6

In 2 vols., half-morocco, top edge gilt, bound in a superior manner 4 10 0

In 33 monthly parts, at 2s. each.

Any Part can be had separate, price 2s., postage 2d.

COMPLETE LIST OF ALL THE SUBJECTS.

E. & F. N. SPON, 125, Strand, London.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE:

Original spelling and grammar have been generally retained, with some exceptions noted below. Original printed page numbers are shown like this: {52}. Footnotes have been relabeled 1–18, and moved from within paragraphs to nearby locations between paragraphs. The transcriber produced the cover image and hereby assigns it to the public domain. Original page images are available from archive.org—search for “gri_33125007981968”.

Some missing full stops have been inserted. Many ditto marks have been eliminated, replaced by repeated text. Enlarged curly brackets “}{” employed to combine information in two or more lines or columns have been eliminated, by restructuring text if necessary. One such instance is the table on page 39. The table on page 44 and some other large tables were moved from their original locations inside a paragraph of text to nearby locations between paragraphs. The page 44 table was also divided into two parts, after column six. Illustrations have also been moved from within paragraphs of text to nearby locations between paragraphs.

Page 12. “tranformation” to “transformation”. “C₁₂H₂₀O₁₁” to “C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁”.

Page 14n. The note had no anchor; a new one has been inserted after “in sealed glass”.

Page 17. “chemisty” to “chemistry”.

Page 65. “revolution” to “resolution”.

Page 136. “being therefore equivalent to one mgrm” is retained, but presumably should be read “being therefore equivalent to ten mgrm”.

Page 196n. The note had no anchor in the text. A new one has been inserted after “papers published by the Institute for 1885.”, as a plausible guess.

Page 197. “following seven groups” to “following eight groups”.

Page 220. “the following way” to “the following may”.

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · The action of alkaline substances dissolved from the glass must be taken into account in this decomposition.Note 2 · Mittheilungen a. d. Königl. Techn. Versuchsanst, Berlin.