DIVISION I. ACROCARPI. (Genera 1–72.) (continued 2)
Reading edition
Grassy places, common. X. XI.
var. β.
attenuatum. l. narrow, more crisped when dry; caps. smaller.
b. Dioicous.
271. A. angustatum. Brid. St. shorter, l. narrower, densely reticulate, serrate at apex only, less hispid beneath, with numerous lamellæ on nerve; caps. sub-erect cylindrical straight or curved, lid dark purple, shortly rostrate. [Schp. Syn. p. 434.]
Bare sandy ground, heaths, &c. Winter.
Braes of Doune, fr. (McKinlay); Sussex—male (Mitten).
272. A. tenellum. Roth. St. short; l. elongate, oblong-lanceolate, upper ones narrowly lingulate, scarcely undulate, smooth beneath, margins dentate below the middle, subcirrhate 101when dry, nerve thinly lamellate; caps. obovate-oblong, sub-cernuous, lid with a long beak; per. teeth large. [Bry. Eur. IV., 412. Syn. 435.]
Bare moist sandy places, and dried-up pools. Autumn.
Loch Goil Head; Killin, Perthshire.
273. A. crispum. James. (laxifolium, Wils. MS.) St. simple, slender; l. lower small somewhat spathulate; upper much larger oblong-lanceolate, slightly undulate, border thickened, toothed; nerve reaching apex, scarcely lamellate; areolæ larger, hexagonal or rounded; caps. obovate-oblong, sub-erect or inclined, wide-mouthed, teeth very short irregular, seta red. [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. Bot., VIII., 225.]
Lancashire; Oakmere, Cheshire; Saddleworth, Yorkshire; Dartmoor. Male plant only found in Britain.
43. OLIGOTRICHUM. De C.
274. O. hercynicum. De C. St. ½–1in; l. rigid erecto-patent, lanceolate, sheathing, margins indexed, lamellæ of nerve undulate, and spinulose at back; caps. erect cylindrical, plicate and oblique when dry; lid conical pointed.
Alpine and sub-alpine barren soil. VI. VII.
Scotland; Todmorden (Nowell).
44. POGONATUM. P. Beauv.
275. P. nanum. Brid. St. short, not branched at apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate obtuse, sheathing, serrulate above; caps. almost globose, erect or inclined, lid with a curved or oblique beak; columella not winged.
Moist shady sandy banks. X. XI.
var. β.
longisetum. l. long, linear-lanceolate, seta very long; caps. oval-oblong.
102276. P. aloides. Brid. St. less than 1–in., branched at apex; l. rigid spreading, lanceolate, sheathing, serrate on margin and back; caps. erect, somewhat ovate-urceolate or cylindrical; lid conical beaked; columella with four wings; hairs of calyp. whitish.
Moist banks. X. XI.
var. β.
minus. smaller generally; “hairs of calyp. confluent below capsule.”
277. P. urnigerum. Brid. St. 1–4in. branched above, reddish below; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a short broader sheathing base, acute serrate; caps. narrowly cylindrical regular papillose, lid convex with a short beak.
Mountainous banks and sides of streams. X. XI.
var. β.
crassum. l. broader, caps, oval-oblong, lid with a longer beak.
278. P. alpinum. Brid. St. much longer, branched above, decumbent below; l. linear-lanceolate from a sheathing base, gradually tapering, serrate, back spinulose, margin inflexed; caps. generally inclined, ovoid, tumid, smooth, lid small, with a long curved beak.
Sub-alpine localities. E. S. I. VI.
var. β.
arcticum. caps. oblong sub-cylindrical.
δ.
campanulatum. st. short, l. narrower and shorter; caps. apophysate; calyp. campanulate.
45. POLYTRICHUM. Brid.
A. Caps. six-angled; apophysis indistinct.
279. P. sexangulare. Hoppe. Barren st. 2–6in., fertile shorter; l. short incurved rigid, linear-lanceolate 103from a broader base, margins plane, incurved, almost cucullate at serrulate apex; caps. short, at first upright, afterwards cernuous, sometimes six, sometimes only four or five-angled; lid rostrate; calyp. short, and shortly villous.
Summits of Scotch mountains. VIII. IX.
Ben Lawers; Cairngorm, &c.
280. P. gracile. Menzies. St. about ½in. densely tufted; l. lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, serrate, with prominent lamellæ on upper surface; caps. ovate, obscurely four, five, six-angled; lid conico-rostrate; calyp. small.
Turbaries, &c., frequent. VI.
281. P. formosum. Hedw. St. 3–6in. loosely tufted; l. spreading linear-lanceolate from a broad sheathing base, acute, serrate, lamellate; caps. four, five, six-angled, fawn-coloured; lid long conical; calyp. large.
Woods. VI.
var. β.
pallidisetum. st. and l. shorter; caps. narrower, on a short pale seta.
B. Caps. four-angled; apoph. very distinct.
282. P. commune. L. St. 6 or 8in. simple; l. spreading reflexed, linear-lanceolate, sheathing, whitish and membranous at base, serrate on margin and back; nerve broad; per. l. with long wavy hair points; caps. short, upright, afterwards cernuous, on a very long seta; lid variable in size; calyp. large reddish.
Tufty and marshy places. VI.
var. β.
perigoniale. smaller; outer per. l. longer; dry heaths. 104
γ.
minus. st. short; l. shorter, less spreading; per. l. less striking; calyp., caps., and seta smaller: dry heaths.
γ. β.
fastigiatum. st. branched fastigiate; l. as in var. γ. Very dry heaths.
283. P. juniperum. Hedw. St. 1–6in.; l. reflexed, spreading, linear-lanceolate, almost bristle-pointed, margin entire, except a few teeth at apex, much inflexed from middle upwards, somewhat spinulose at back; caps. roughish, horizontal when dry, on a seta 2in. or more long; calyp. large.
Heaths. V. VI.
284. P. strictum. Menzies. (P. juniperum. β. strictum, Bry. Brit.) “St. more slender, densely matted, branched, closely interwoven with whitish tomentum; l. straight, erecto-patent, imbricate when dry, shorter and narrower, pale glaucous green; caps. shorter cuboid, acutely angled, rufous orange; calyp. brownish or white.” [Dr. Braithwaite, Jour. of Bot., VIII., 225.]
Mountain moors, common.
285. P. piliferum. Schreb. St. about 1in. simple; l. lower short appressed, upper much longer, lanceolate, prolonged into roughish hair points, margins entire inflexed; caps. faintly angular, almost ovate, on a short seta; calyp. long, reddish.
Dry heaths. V. VI.
46. TIMMIA. Hedw.
286. T. austriaca. Hedw. St. 2–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate from a reddish brown sheathing dilated base, margins strongly serrate; caps. ovate pyriform, inclined, striate 105when dry, on a seta 2in. long; lid rounded mammillate; per. teeth inner smooth entire.
Rocks, very rare. Forfarshire. Summer.
287. T. megapolitana. Hedw. St. loosely cæspitose, brownish below; l. from a whitish sheathing base, spreading and recurved, linear-lanceolate concave opaque serrate, cirrhate when dry; per. l. internal ovate-lanceolate thinner; caps. oblong horizontal, somewhat striate when dry; lid convex, not apiculate; per. teeth internal with numerous appendiculate cilia. [Schp. Syn., 431.]
Ben Lawers, 1866 (Dr. Stirton). Summer.
47. AULACOMNION. Schw.
288. A. palustre. Schw. St. 2–4in. branched, beset with reddish radicles; l. oblong-lanceolate, denticulate at apex, flexuose undulate, crisped when dry, papillose on both sides; caps. ovate-oblong, gibbous, cernuous, curved; lid conical, with a blunt beak; barren fl. discoid: dioicous.
Turfy bogs and marshes. V. VI.
var. β.
imbricatum. “l. broader imbricate, entire, not twisted when dry.”
γ.
fasciculare. st. with many short innovations and fasciculate leaves; ramuli flagelliform from axils of fl. leaves.
δ.
polycephalum. “st. decumbent branched; pseudopodia elongated numerous.”
289. A. androgynum. Schw. St. less than 1in., nearly simple; l. lower lanceolate, upper longer, all denticulate at apex, not flexuose nor crisped when dry, papillose, margin 106recurved; caps. almost cylindrical, gibbous, inclined, furrowed; lid short, conical; pseudopodia numerous; barren fl. gemmiform.
Dry shady woods and banks. V. VI.
48. ORTHODONTIUM. Schw.
290. O. gracile. Schw. St. ½in. slender, tufted; l. long linear setaceous, carinate, flexuose, entire, faintly nerved nearly to apex; caps. obovate-clavate, gradually tapering at base into the seta, inclined; lid long, beaked; calyp. very small.
Sandstone rocks. Yorkshire and Cheshire. III.
49. LEPTOBRYUM. Wils.
291. L. pyriforme. Wils. St. scarcely ½in.; l. lower lanceolate entire, upper linear-setaceous, flexuose, serrate at summit, nerve sometimes reaching apex; caps. pyriform pendulous, on a slender flexuose seta; lid convex mammillate.
Rocks. Cheshire. V. VI.
50. BRYUM. H. & T.
Synopsis specierum.
I. L. erect narrow; not nerved to apex (except No. 1).
A. Caps. narrow, inclined.
a. monoicous.
1. acuminatum.
2. polymorphum.
3. elongatum.
b. synoicous or dioicous.
4. crudum.
107B. Caps, pyriform pendulous.
a. monoicous or synoicous.
5. nutans.
b. dioicous.
6. annotinum.
7. carneum.
II. L. ovate, not nerved to apex.
a. dioicous.
8. Wahlenbergii.
9. Ludwigii.
b. monoicous.
10. Marrattii.
11. calophyllum.
III. L. mostly ovate, nerved to apex.
A. synoicous or monoicous.
12. lacustre.
13. Warneum.
B. dioicous.
14. pseudotriquetrum.
15. neodamense.
16. alpinum.
17. Muhlenbeckii.
18. turbinatum.
19. latifolium.
20. Duvalii.
21. pallens.
22. barbatum.
108IV. L. ovate, nerve excurrent.
A. monoicous.
23. uliginosum.
24. pallescens.
25. Sauteri.
B. synoicous.
a. inner perist. imperfect.
26. cernuum.
27. inclinatum.
b. inner perist. perfect.
28. intermedium.
29. bimum.
30. torquescens.
C. dioicous.
31. obconicum.
32. capillare.
33. Donianum.
34. Billarderii.
35. cæspiticium.
36. murale.
37. sanguineum.
38. atropurpureum.
39. apiculatum.
V. L. very concave, imbricate, nerve mostly ceasing below apex, dioicous.
A. caps. symmetrical.
40. julaceum.
41. argenteum.
42. Funkii.
109B. mouth of caps. oblique.
43. Zierii.
44. demissum.
VI. L. broad roundish bordered.
45. Tozeri.
VII. L. very large, in a terminal rosaceous tuft.
46. roseum.
Sect. I.
292. (1) B. acuminatum. B. & S. St. ½–1in., simple or branched; l. rigid, lower ovate-lanceolate, upper linear-lanceolate larger, margins recurved, nerved to serrulate apex, sometimes secund; caps. almost horizontal, narrowly clavate, tapering at base; lid sharply conical. (There are many varieties.)
Crevices of rocks and mountainous districts. VIII.
293. (2) B. polymorphum. B. & S. St. ¼–½in., seldom branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, small, scattered, upper oblong-lanceolate longer, crowded, apex in all serrate; caps. oblong-pyriform horizontal or drooping, with a short neck; lid mammillate. (Many varieties.)
Scotch and Welsh mountains. Summer.
294. (3) B. elongatum. Dicks. St. ¼–1in., one innovation from floral apex; l. lower ovate-lanceolate scattered, upper longer linear-lanceolate, all serrate at apex; caps. very long and slender, clavate, with a long distinct neck, inclined, upright when dry; lid convex beaked; inner perist. with cilia.
Rocks and walls in mountainous districts. VIII.
110295. (4) B. crudum. Schreb. St. 1–2in. cæspitose, radiculose below; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, with plane margins and reddish nerve, upper gradually passing upwards into linear-lanceolate, with serrate apex; caps. oval-pyriform, from sub-erect to horizontal or even pendulous; lid convex apiculate; inner perist. with cilia. The leaves are generally shining and transparent.
Mountainous banks and rocks. VII.
296. (5) B. nutans. Schr. St. ¼–2in. with innovations; l. spreading, with margins reflexed below, lower ovate-lanceolate entire, upper linear-lanceolate serrulate at apex; caps. pyriform or elliptical, with a short neck; lid small mammillate; inner perist. with cilia: synoicous.
Sandy heaths, &c.
(Four var. are given in Bry. Europ.)
297. (6) B. annotinum. Hed. St. ½–1in. cæspitose; l. lower lanceolate erecto-patent entire, upper longer, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. narrow pyriform, with a long tapering neck; lid conical pointed; barren fl. terminal; inner perist. with cilia; annulus distinct compound.
Sandy banks and quarries. V. VI.
298. (7) B. carneum. L. St. ¼in. cæspitose, reddish; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower, all serrate at apex, and loosely reticulate, margin not reflexed; nerve reddish; caps. ovate-oblong or shortly pyriform on a thick succulent reddish seta, sharply curved at summit; lid convex, shortly pointed; annulus none; perist. large, dark-coloured when dry.
Moist clay banks. IV.
111
Sect. II.
299. (8) B. Wahlenbergii. Schw. St. ½–1in. reddish cæspitose; l. lower ovate-acuminate, upper lanceolate, all serrate at apex, margins scarcely reflexed, areolæ loose; caps. broadly pyriform, with a short neck, and wide-mouthed when dry, sub-pendulous; annulus none or imperfect; per. teeth large, inner with cilia; lid small conical.
Wet banks and rocks. V.
300. (9) B. Ludwigii. Spreng. St. about 1in. decumbent and blackish below; l. lower ovate, passing upwards into ovate-lanceolate and lanceolate, serrulate at apex, margins reflexed below; caps. obovate pyriform, sub-pendulous on a reddish slender seta 1in. long; lid conical, somewhat obtuse; inner perist. with cilia.
Scotch and Welsh mountains. IX.
var. β.
gracilis. Goat Fell; Ben Lawers, Ben Lomond; Snowdon.
301. (10) B. Marrattii. St. about ¼in. gregarious; l. broadly elliptical, blunt-pointed entire; per. l. narrower and longer; caps. small turbinate almost globose, tapering at neck into the slender seta, from which it is pendulous; lid bluntly beaked; perist. outer red, inner imperfect, adhering to outer.
Southport, 1854. IX.
302. (11) E. calophyllum. R. Br. St. about ¼in. reddish gregarious; l. broadly elliptical or ovate, sharply pointed, concave, entire, almost nerved to apex; caps. oval-oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical, 112slightly pointed; per. teeth outer brownish, inner free, mostly without cilia.
Southport, with the last. IX.
Sect. III.
303. (12) B. lacustre. Brid. St. ¼in. cæspitose; l. lower ovate-apiculate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire, very concave, margins recurved; per. l. narrower; caps. roundish pyriform, with a tapering neck, slightly pendulous; lid small pointed; annulus present; inner perist. partially adherent, sometimes with cilia; synoicous.
Moist sandy places. Yarmouth; Suffolk. V. VI.
304. (13) B. Warneum. Bland. St. about ¼in. tufted; branched; l. ovate-acuminate, scarcely concave, serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. obovate pyriform pendulous, bordered at mouth when dry; lid small convex pointed; inner perist. with cilia: monoicous or synoicous.
Muddy places. Scotland, Southport. VIII. IX.
305. (14) B. pseudotriquetrum. Schw. St. 1–3in, branched, erect; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper narrower and longer concave, all bordered, margins recurved, occasionally serrulate at apex, and slightly decurrent; nerve sometimes excurrent; caps. sub-cylindrical, pendulous; lid small mammillate.
Wet mountainous rocks. S. W. VII.
306. (15) B. neodamense. Itzig. Regensb. Fl. 1841, I. (p. 360.) St. slender, cæspitose and tomentose elongate, reddish and almost naked below, leafy above; l. lower roundish oblong obtuse, apex and margins involute; upper 113crowded, shortly oblong, inflated at base, margins revolute below, all cucullate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, on a long seta.
Southport Sands, where liable to inundation.
307. (16) B. alpinum. L. St. ½–2in. cæspitose simple; l. imbricate lanceolate, margins recurved, serrulate at apex; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep red, on a bent and arcuate seta, lid mammillate; whole plant reddish and shining.
Sub-alpine moist rocks, fr. rare. VI.
308. (17) B. Muhlenbeckii. B. & S. St. ½in. or more; tufted, branched, radiculose; l. almost elliptical, blunt-pointed, conical, almost cucullate at apex, margin reflexed; nerved almost to apex; caps. oblong tapering, pendulous, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.
Scotch mountains (Dr. C. Smith and Dr. Stirton).
309. (18) B. turbinatum. Hedw. St. ½–3in. sometimes branched; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper longer and narrower, concave, margins not recurved; nerve not always reaching apex; caps. globoso-pyriform pendulous, when dry contracted at mouth, reddish brown; lid convex pointed.
Manchester; Fakenham; Norfolk. VI. VII.
var. β.
prælongum. st. elongate, l. pale green, caps. ventricose larger.
310. (19) B. latifolium. Schl. (B. turbinatum, var. γ, Bry. Brit.) St. elongate, decumbent at base; l. imbricate, broadly oblong acuminate, very concave, shining, serrulate at apex, margined, nerve excurrent; caps. longer than the last, 114on a long seta, geniculate at base. [Schp. Syn., 380. Bry. Eur., IV., t. 372.]
Boggy places. VI.—VIII.
Ben More; Shetland (McKinlay).
311. (20) B. Duvalii. Voigt. St. tufted, decumbent when old, elongate, branched; l. patulous, remote, broadly ovate-lanceolate, decurrent, cirrhate when dry, scarcely nerved to apex; per. l. inner lanceolate erect; caps. obovate-oblong regular pendulous from a long slender seta, contracted at mouth when dry; lid mammillate. [Bry. Eur., IV., t. 371.]
Boggy places. VIII. IX.
Glen Lyon, Ben Lawers, Hartfell, Helvellyn.
312. (21) B. pallens. Swartz. St. ¼–1in. branched; l. reddish, remote patulous ovate-lanceolate, slightly decurrent, keeled, serrulate at apex, margins thickened and recurved, nerve almost excurrent; caps. oblong pyriform, with a long tapering neck, pendulous, mouth small, but not contracted; lid small convex, pointed.
Near springs and ditches. VI.
var. β.
microstomum. “caps, regular, sub-clavate, mouth smaller.”
313. (22) B. barbatum. Wils. MS. St. about 1in. branched, slender, red, and copiously beset with reddish brown radicles from base to summit; l. sub-erect, ovate, rather suddenly tapering into a longish sparsely toothed subula, uppermost broader, more shortly pointed, spreading, all concave, strongly nerved, margins plane, not recurved; areolæ very lax and transparent. The only specimen I have bears no fruit.
Ben Ledi (Dr. Stirton).
115
Sect. IV.
314. (23) B. uliginosum. B. & S., St. ½–1in. cæspitose, branched; l. green oval-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, margin reflexed below, excurrent nerve toothed; caps. clavate unequal pendulous, tapering into the long curved seta; mouth oblique; lid convex pointed.
Wet places near streams. VIII.
315. (24) B. pallescens. Schw. St. 1–2in. branched, cæspitose, with purplish radicles below; l. ovate-lanceolate, margin reflexed, generally serrate at apex; upper with nerve scarcely excurrent, lower reddish; caps. pyriform, pendulous, tapering, contracted at mouth when dry; lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.
Rocks and walls. VII. VIII.
var. β.
boreale. caps. smaller, sub-erect.
γ.
contextum. st. long, much branched; caps. ventricose, shorter, sub-pendulous.
δ.
subrotundum. stem and l. smaller; caps. almost globose; seta curved.
316. (25) B. Sauteri. B. & S. St. cæspitose, much branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate-acuminate or oblong-lanceolate, elongated, very concave, margins plane, nerve thick excurrent into a mucro; wings at base with hyaline cells; per. l. narrower; caps. slightly incurved, pendulous solid sanguineous; lid shortly conical. [Müller, Syn. I., 280.]
Teesdale (Spruce); Scotland (Mitten).
317. (26) B. cernuum. Hedw. St. ½–1½in; tufted, branched, very radiculose; l. ovate-acuminate concave, nerve much excurrent, sometimes serrulate at apex, margins 116recurved; caps. oblong-oval or pyriform, mouth small, neck not tapering, pendulous; lid small conical; inner perist. adherent to outer; annulus large.
Walls and rocks. V.
318. (27) B. inclinatum. B. & S. St. short, tufted branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminate; caps. almost elliptical or pyriform, with a small mouth; lid conical, sharply pointed; perist. inner generally without cilia, and free.
Walls, banks, and decayed trees. V.
319. (28) B. intermedium. Brid. St. about ½in. tufted, branched; l. imbricate, somewhat spreading ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, point sometimes toothed, margins recurved; caps. pyriform narrow sub-pendulous, tapering into a longish neck; lid conical pointed; inner perist. with cilia.
Walls and rocks, frequent. VI.—XII.
320. (29) B. bimum. Schreb. St. ½–1in. tufted, sometimes branched, with purplish radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate, shortly apiculate, occasionally serrate at apex, margins recurved; caps. oblong-pyriform, tapering at neck, pendulous, constricted at mouth when dry; lid large convex apiculate.
Wet and boggy places. VI. VII.
var. β.
cuspidatum. l. with long bushy points, margined. Walls, &c.
321. (30) B. torquescens. B. & S. St. ¼–1in. tufted, radiculose; l. lower ovate-lanceolate, upper ovate, all shortly pointed, entire, margin recurved, slightly twisted 117when dry; caps. large obconical or clavate, sub-pendulous, neck tapering; lid pointed.
Rocks and walls; rare. VI. VII.
322. (31) B. obconicum. Hornsch. St. short tufted, branched; l. oblong-ovate pointed, concave, entire, margin recurved, not twisted when dry; caps. obconical, pendulous; neck long tapering; lid convex apiculate.
Walls. Barnard Castle, 1843 (Spruce). VI. VII.
323. (32) B. capillare. Hed. St. ¼–1in. tufted; l. lower ovate-oblong, upper obovate-oblong, all with longish slender points, concave, much contorted when dry, margin bordered with smaller cellules, reflexed, sometimes serrulate at apex; caps. sub-clavate or obovate, tapering, pendulous, only slightly constricted at mouth when dry; lid pointed.
Walls, rocks, trees, &c., frequent. VI.
var. β.
majus. st. longer, l. broader, and with a wider margin, caps. larger and thicker. (Wilson says this is the most frequent English form.) On walls.
γ.
minus. l. concave imbricate; caps. smaller.
δ.
flaccidum. l. lower, purplish, flaccid, not contorted when dry, distinctly serrate at apex.
324. (33) B. Donianum. Grev. St. shorter than last, branched; l. ovate-oblong, slightly pointed, not contorted, but slightly twisted when dry, margin thickened, serrulate at apex; caps. long clavate, constricted at mouth when dry, sub-pendulous, lid pointed.
Sandy banks and rocks, rare. Warrington (Wilson); Hurst-pier-point (Mitten); Winchelsea (Jenner).
118325. (34) B. Billarderii. Schw. St. ½–1in. branched, radiculose; l. crowded in tufts at top of branches and stems, ovate-oblong, serrate and recurved at apex, apiculate, margins recurved below; caps. pyriform, broadest below the middle, tapering at neck, pendulous; lid conical pointed.
Hurst-pier-point, on old ant-hills; barren. Summer.
326. (35) B. cæspiticium. L. St. ¼–1in. tufted, branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margin recurved but not thickened, erect when dry, upper ones largest; caps. oblong-obovate, pendulous, slightly constricted when dry; lid large mammillate.
Walls, rocks, roofs, &c.
327. (36) B. murale. Wils. St. ¼in. tufted, branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, concave, shortly pointed, margins plane; loosely imbricate; caps. oblong-pyriform pendulous, deep purple or almost black when ripe; neck tapering; lid large mammillate.
Mortar of old walls. V. VI.
Marple, Killarney, N. Wales, Oxford, 1863 (H. Boswell).
328. (37) B. sanguineum. Ludwig. St. ¼in.; l. distant, ovate-lanceolate pointed, generally serrulate at apex, margins scarcely recurved; caps. oblong or pyriform pendulous, blood-red when ripe; lid pointed.
Heathy ground and walls., VI. VII.
var. β.
radiculosum. caps. obconical, seta geniculate at base.
329. (38) B. erythrocarpon. Brid. non Schw. (B. atropurpureum. W. & M.) St. ¼–½in. branched; l. erecto-patent, ovate concave, pointed, margin reflexed, entire, lower 119often reddish; caps. oval or oblong, neck not tapering, pendulous, dark red or purplish when ripe; lid conical pointed.
Banks and walls. V.
330. (39) B. apiculatum (?) Schw. (There seems some doubt as to what the barren form found on the Slemish mountains is; I give Wilson’s description from Bry. Brit., p. 245.) “L. erecto-patent when dry, elliptic-lanceolate, concave, nerved to apex.”
Sect. V.
331. (40) B. julaceum. Sm. St. 1–3in. tufted, with long filiform branches; l. ovate or ovate-elliptical, larger above, concave entire, margin not recurved, not nerved to apex; caps. oblong-obovate or pyriform, pendulous; lid small, convex, pointed.
Alpine and sub-alpine wet rocks. VIII. IX.
var. β.
concinnatum. st. shorter, nerve excurrent into a recurved point. Near Kennare (Dr. Taylor); Teesdale (Spruce); Ochills (Lyle).
332. (41) B. argenteum. L. St. ¼–½in. tufted; in silvery white patches; l. lower ovate, upper ovate-lanceolate, all entire except at apex, nerve not reaching pointed tapering apex; margins not recurved; areolæ very lax; caps. oval-oblong, reddish purple, pendulous, neck not tapering; lid faintly pointed.
Roofs, walls, ground, &c. X. VI.
var. β.
majus. st. longer, l. greenish, without points.
γ.
lanatum. smaller, l. with long points, without chlorophyll, silvery white. Largo, Scotland (C. Howie).
120333. (42) B. Funkii. Schw. Gregarious; st. branched, branches julaceous; l. crowded at summit of branches; st. and br. leaves ovate, cochleariform, nerve excurrent into a short point; comal leaves ovate-oblong acuminate, shortly cuspidate: areolæ lax; caps. obovate or globoso-pyriform, inclined on a flexuous seta.
Walls, &c. Sandy shore, Southport (Wilson). V. VI.
334. (43) B. Zierii. Dicks. Silvery reddish tufts, st. ½–1in., branches julaceous; l. roundish ovate-acuminate, entire, margins not recurved, not nerved to apex; areolæ lax; caps. large clavate-pyriform, gibbous, with a long slender tapering neck, incurved cernuous; lid small, conical, acute; inner perist. longest, with imperfect cilia.
Crevices of mountainous rocks. E. S. I. X. XI.
335. (44) B. demissum. Hook. St. ¼in. tufted; l. ovate-acuminate, erect when dry, margin recurved, nerve generally excurrent; per. l. lanceolate, with longer points; areolæ lax; caps. clavate-pyriform, much incurved, cernuous; seta “curved above like a swan’s neck”; inner perist. longest.
Rocks. Breadalbane Mts.; rare. VIII. IX.
Sect. VI.
336. (45) B. Tozeri. Grev. St. ¼–½in. gregarious; l. lower obovate narrow, upper crowded wider apiculate, all bordered, entire; nerved (reddish) half way; caps. obovate or pyriform pendulous; lid conical.
Shady banks, rare in fr. III. IV.
Sect. VII.
337. (46) B. roseum. Schreb. St. 1–3in., l. lower, small, scattered lanceolate; upper in a large rosaceous tuft, spathulate, 121apiculate, serrate above, margin recurved, nerved nearly to apex; caps. clavate-oblong or obovate pendulous; lid mammillate.
Sandy shady banks. XI. XII.
51. MNIUM. B. & S.
A. L. sharply serrated.
a. Margin cartilaginous.
338. M. affine. Bland. St. 1–3in. simple, erect, radiculose; barren shoots procumbent; l. lower oval-lanceolate, decurrent, scattered, upper much larger, crowded, oblong-elliptic pointed, border narrow, simply spinuloso-serrate, nerved nearly or quite to apex; those of barren stems roundish two-ranked; caps. ovate-oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: dioicous.
Shady woods, banks, walls. IV. V.
var. β.
elatum. stem and seta longer; marshy places.
γ.
rugicum. sterile shoots, erect, shorter; l. shorter, concave, obtusely serrate.
339. M. cuspidatum. Hedw. St. ½–1in. tufted, erect, radiculose, barren shoots procumbent; l. lower ovate or obovate, scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate longer and narrower; all acuminate, with simply serrate margins; nerved nearly or quite to apex; caps. ovate, inclined or pendulous; lid convex obtuse: synoicous.
Shady rocks and walls. III. IV.
340. M. rostratum. Schr. St. ½–1in. decumbent at base (barren long erect or creeping); l. lower ovate, upper 122oval-oblong, obtuse, in a terminal spreading tuft, all simply and bluntly serrate, undulate, nerve slightly excurrent into a mucro; caps. oval, inclined or pendulous; lid with a long curved beak: synoicous.
Moist shady rocks, &c., common. IV.
341. M. riparium. Mitt. M.S. St. ½–1in., reddish below; l. orbiculate or broadly elliptical, much decurrent, apex rounded and tipped with a mucro; lower obscurely bordered, upper strongly so and simply spinuloso-dentate, nerve thin but distinct, reddish, reaching apex; areolæ large hexagonal chlorophyllose. (I have no fruited specimen.)
Watery places. Sussex (Mitten).
342. M. spinosum. Voigt. St. robust, sub-ligneous; branches flagelliform sub-arcuate; l. lower small squamiform, obtuse, margins plane; upper obovate or oblong, acuminato-spathulate, larger, crisped when dry; serration bi-geminate, spinulose, nerve excurrent; caps. oval-oblong, reddish brown, slightly inclined or horizontal; lid conical, with an obtuse beak: dioicous.
Roots of trees, and shady sub-alpine rocks. Summer.
Ben Lawers (McKinlay).
343. M. orthorhynchum. Brid. St. ¼–1in. simple; l. lower scattered ovate-acuminate, decurrent, upper ovate-lanceolate, doubly spinuloso-serrate; all undulate and crisped when dry; caps. oval or sub-pyriform horizontal; lid conical, with a blunt beak: dioicous.
Woods, shady banks, &c. Yorkshire, Sussex. Spring.
344. M. serratum. Brid. St. ½–1in. purplish, erect; l. lower reddish on nerve and border, all varying from lanceolate 123to ovate, acuminate, doubly spinuloso-serrate; per. l. lanceolate; caps. ovate or oval, cernuous; lid large conical, with a short beak: synoicous.
Moist shady rocks and banks. V. VI.
345. M. hornum. L. St. 1–3in. simple; l. linear-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, slightly decurrent, doubly spinuloso-serrate, nerve also spinulose, not reaching apex; caps. large oblong-ovate, cernuous; lid convex mammillate; seta curved at summit: dioicous.
Shady moist banks and woods, common. V.
346. M. undulatum. Hed. St. 1–3in. decumbent at base, sometimes branched; l. oval-oblong or ligulate, upper very long, all undulate, decurrent, and simply serrate, nerved generally to apex; caps. generally several together, oval or oblong pendulous; lid convex, pointed: dioicous.
Moist shady banks and woods. IV. V.
b. L. without a cartilaginous border.
347. M. stellare. Hed. St. ½–2in. erect; l. oval-acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, simply serrate, decurrent, scarcely nerved to apex; caps. solitary, ovate, horizontal or cernuous; lid convex blunt: dioicous. (Does not fruit with us.)
Shady rocks and banks. Yorkshire, Surrey. V. VI.
B. L. nearly entire, not bordered.
348. M. cinclidioides. Hueb. St. 2–4in. sometimes with slender branches; l. lower oval obtuse, scarcely pointed, upper large oval ligulate obtuse (marginal cells 124narrower), almost entire, slightly undulate, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid convex pointed: dioicous.
Wet and boggy places on mountains, Clova, &c. Summer.
C. L. entire, with a cartilaginous border.
349. M. punctatum, Hed. St. ½–3in., erect, radiculose; l. obovate or roundish obtuse, obscurely pointed, upper in a somewhat rosaceous tuft; generally nerved to apex; caps. oval pendulous; lid conical, with a longish beak: dioicous.
Wet shady places. II. III.
350. M. subglobosum. B. & S. St. 1in. or more, erect; l. obovate or roundish obtuse, not nerved to apex; border narrow sub-cartilaginous; caps. roundish, contracted at mouth, sub-pendulous; lid small conical beaked: synoicous.
Marshes and bogs. III.
52. CINCLIDIUM. Swartz.
351. C. stygium. Sw. St. 1–4in. tufted, erect, with purplish radicles; l. roundish obovate, obtuse, pointed, rigid, very narrow at base, border cartilaginous, nerved to or beyond apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, pendulous, on a long seta, lid convex obtuse, sometimes pointed; synoicous.
Bogs. Malham Tarn (Nowell, Wilson). VI. VII.
53. MIELICHHOFERIA. N. & H.
352. M. nitida. Horn. “L. erecto-patent, larger and more crowded above, ovate-lanceolate, serrated at apex; caps. sub-erect pyriform; lid conical, very short.”
var. β.125
gracilis. more densely tufted; l. shorter, more crowded, imbricate; caps. erect. [Wils. Bry. Brit., p. 263.]
Type not British; var. β. only found at head of Glen Callater, 1830 (Dr. Greville); again in same locality, 1868 (Fergusson and Roy); Ingleby, Yorkshire, 1862 (Mudd.)
54. PALUDELLA. Ehr.
353. P. squarrosa. Brid. St. 2–6in. radiculose; l. obovate-lanceolate, pointed, recurved above the middle, squarrose, nerved to and serrulate at apex, margins recurved below; caps. elliptic-oblong gibbous, with a short thick neck, inclined; lid mammillate.
Boggy places. No fr. found in Britain. Summer.
55. MEESIA. Hedw.
354. M. uliginosa. Hedw. St. ½–1in. radiculose, br. fastigiate; l. lanceolate or linear obtuse (upper longer), entire, margin recurved, scarcely nerved to apex; caps. pyriform, with a long tapering neck, incurved, inclined; lid conical truncate; seta very long.
Wet and boggy places. VII. VIII.
[It is very questionable whether M. longiseta has ever been found in the British Islands.]
56. AMBLYODON. P. Beauv.
355. A. dealbatus. P. B. St. ½–1in.; l. lanceolate broad, acute, margins plane, slightly serrulate at apex, below which the strong nerve ceases; caps. clavate or pyriform, incurved, inclined, mouth oblique, lid conical, seta very long.
Wet mountainous places. S. I. VI. VII.
126
57. FUNARIA. Schreb.
1. Caps. cernuous on a straight seta, annulus none.
356. F. Hibernica. Hook. St. ¼–½in.; l. oblong-oval, gradually tapering to an acutely serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, longer than in next species, on a seta twisting to left its whole length when dry; lid concave.
Chalky soil. Cork, Matlock, Conway. IV. V.
357. F. Muhlenbergii. Schw. St. shorter than last; l. ovate-lanceolate, suddenly tapering to a long bluntly serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, on a seta when dry twisted at base to left, above to right; lid convex obtuse with a reddish border.
Limestone walls, banks, &c. IV. V.
2. Caps. furrowed when dry, on a long arcuate seta, annulus present.
358. F. hygromatrica. Hedw. St. ¼–1in.; l. lower scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate, concave, clustered into a bulb-like tuft, nerved to apex, margins reflexed; caps. broadly pyriform, incurved, mouth oblique, with a corrugate border; lid convex, with a red border.
Banks and walls, old cinder heaps, &c., common, V.—IX.
var. β.
patula. st. slender branched; l. undulate, spreading, twisted when dry.
γ.
calvescens. seta long and straight; caps. slender, almost erect.
359. F. microstoma. B. & S. Habit of last, but smaller; l. in a comal bud; caps. pyriform, turgid, not much 127furrowed when dry; mouth very small, with a smooth border; inner perist. very imperfect.
Damp stony places. VIII. IX.
Maresfield, Sussex, 1864 (Mr. Mitten).
58. ENTOSTHODON. Schw.
360. E. Templetoni. Schw. St. about ¼in.; l. lower distant ovate-acuminate, upper in a rosaceous tuft, obovate, acuminate, not nerved to apex, scarcely serrulate; caps. clavate-pyriform, upright, neck tapering, lid plano-convex.
Crevices of rocks and shady places. E. S. I. W. VII.
361. E. minimum. Hunt. (Mem. Lit. and Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol. V., p. 100, 1871–2.) St. ⅛–¼in. erect, gregarious; l. lower obovate, margin reflexed, nerve thin, not reaching apex; upper oblong, sub-erect, sub-canaliculate, margin recurved, crenulate above, nerve strong, nearly reaching apex; areolæ large elongate hexagonal below, above shorter; caps. obconical when dry, smooth, with a distinct neck and wide mouth; seta erect, ⅛–¼in.; perist. half immersed, of 16 slender linear subulate teeth; dioicous.
Sandstone walls. Glasnevin, Dublin (D. Orr.) VIII.
59. PHYSCOMITRIUM. Brid.
362. P. ericetorum. De Not. St. ¼in.; l. lower, distant, small, upper in a tuft, larger, obovate-lanceolate, with a thickened distantly serrate margin, not nerved to apex; caps. small, pyriform, erect, lid almost flat.
Heaths, banks, stream sides, &c. III. IV.
363. P. fasciculare. B. & S. St. about ½in. tufted; 128l. ovate-oblong or lanceolate, pointed serrate, not bordered; caps. obovate or pyriform, tapering at base; lid convex.
Fallow fields. IV.
364. P. pyriforme. B. & S. St. about ¼in., tufted; l. lower distant ovate-lanceolate, above spathulate, pointed, serrate, uppermost longer erect, not nerved to apex; caps. globose-pyriform erect, mouth small, lid conical, calyptra sub-persistent, toothed at base.
Moist banks and ditches. IV.
365. P. sphœricum. B. & S. St. scarcely ¼in.; l. oval-oblong or slightly spathulate, acute, concave, entire; upper ones largest, nerved nearly to apex; caps. sub-globose, mouth large; lid large conical; calyp. lobed below.
Dried-up mud. IX.–XI.
Mere, Cheshire, 1834 (Wils.), J. Whitehead, Oct., 1870.
60. BARTRAMIDULA. B. & S.
366. B. Wilsoni. B. & S. St. about ¼in. branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat secund, nerved nearly to or beyond apex, serrulate above; caps. globoso-pyriform, generally pendulous, not striate; lid convex or conical.
Turfy soil on mountains. S. W. I. X.
61. BARTRAMIA. Hedw.
1. Caps. erect, perist. single.
367. B. stricta. Brid. St. loosely tufted, glaucous green; l. erecto-patent, rigid when dry, lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent into a serrate arista; caps. ovate-globose 129furrowed when dry, seta four-sided at summit, twisted to right when dry; lid convex or mammillate. [Bry. Eur., IV., t. 316. Schp. Syn., 417.]
On the ground and stones. Early summer.
Maresfield, Sussex (Mitten), 1862.
2. Caps. cernuous, perist. double.
a. Branches fastigiate. Monoicous.
368. B. rigida. Bals. & Not. St. ¼–½in.; br. erect or recurved; l. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, lanceolate, finely serrulate, nerve excurrent, cap., large, sub-spherical, furrowed when dry, and cernuous; lid conical pointed; seta erect; inner perist. sometimes imperfect.
Shady banks, mountains. IX. X.
b. Br. fasciculate: dioicous.
* L. plicate and sheathing at base.
369. B. arcuata. Brid. St. 1–4in., with reddish brown radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate from a broad erect sheathing base, scabrous, serrulate, spreading; caps. sub-globose, almost pendulous, on an arcuate seta, furrowed when dry.
Waterfalls and wet rocks. IX. X.
* * L. not sheathing or plicate. (Philonotis.)
370. B. (Philonotis) fontana. Brid. Stem 1–6in., with reddish black radicles; l. ovate-acuminate, short and appressed or lanceolate secund, or spreading and longer (generally plicate at base), nerve almost excurrent; perig. l. obtuse, nerveless; caps. sub-globose large, furrowed when dry.
Springs and wet places. VI.
var. β.130
alpina. st. short, l. ovate-lanceolate, mucronate.
γ.
falcata. l. falcato-secund, nerve thick.
δ.
pumila. plant smaller in all its parts.
371. B. (Philonotis) cæspitosa. Wils. MS. St. 1–2in. reddish, cæspitose, radiculose below; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, gradually tapering from base upwards, concave, margins sub-serrulate not recurved, nerved to apex, areolæ lax, largest at basal angles; perig. l. in a stellate tuft, almost triangular from a very broad base, finely sub-serrulate, nerved to apex.
Walton swamp, Cheshire (Wilson): male plant only.
372. B. (Philonotis) adpressa. Fergusson. “Plant widely cæspitose, erect, 2–3in. either dull, glaucous green, or reddish; l. papillose, erect when moist, with one wide plica on each side of nerve, incurved towards apex, slightly twisted when dry, widely ovate from an amplexicaul base, not acuminate, apex either obtuse or cucullate, with a very slight mucro, or in the more slender forms rather acute, margin denticulate slightly reflexed; nerve very thick continuous; areolæ small, ovoid above, shorter and wider towards the base.” [G. E. Hunt. Mem. Lit. & Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol. V., 102, 1872.]
Glen Prossen, &c., Clova (Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire 2500 ft. (Hunt).
373. B. (Philonotis) seriata. Mitt. Musc. Ind. Orient. “L. spirally arranged, from a sub-erect base, patent towards apex, ovate acute plicate, margin distinctly reflexed; areolæ linear above, small and ovoid towards base; perig. l. from an erect dilated base, widely spreading, cordatetriangular 131obtuse, areolæ small obscure elongate-quadrangular, above large linear and reddish at base; nerve thick, indistinct, continuous or vanishing below apex, margin slightly denticulate.” [Hunt. loc. cit., p. 103.]
Springs at head of Clova; Ben-na-Bourd (Gardiner).
374. B. (Philonotis) calcarea. B. & S. St. about 2in.; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually from middle upwards, concave rigid secund, margin serrulate, not reflexed, strongly nerved to apex; areolæ large oblong, long hexagonal at base; perig. l. acute, triangular from a broad erect base, nerved to apex: caps. sub-globose, inclined or cernuous.
Wet places. VII.
c. Branches dichotomous and fastigiate.
* monoicous.
375. B. pomiformis. Hedw. St. ½–2in.; l. spreading linear-lanceolate, not concave, doubly spinuloso-serrate, rough, crisp when dry, nerve slightly excurrent; caps. sub-globose, cernuous, lid small conical.
Dry sandy banks. V.
var. β.
crispa. “l. longer, less crowded, branches often longer than fruit-stalk.”
376. B. Halleriana. Hedw. St. 1–3in., radiculose below; l. spreading or secund, linear-subulate from a broad pale erect sheathing base, rough, serrate, nerve excurrent; caps. sub-globose, on a short curved seta.
Moist alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VI. VII.
132 * * Synoicous.
377. B. gracilis. Floerke, 1799. (B. Oederi, Swartz, 1800). St. 1–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate, recurved from an erect, not sheathing base, crisped when dry, margins recurved, serrate above, keeled, smooth; caps. small globose, oblique, lid convex.
Moist shady rocks. V.
378. B. ithyphylla. Brid. St. ½–2in.; l. from an erect broad base sharply bent back and lanceolate-subulate, rigid, serrulate, not crisped when dry, broadly nerved to apex; caps. globose, almost erect or cernuous.
Alpine and sub-alpine rocks. VI.
62. CONOSTOMUM. Swartz.
379. C. boreale. Swartz. St. ½–2in. tufted, radiculose; l. imbricate lanceolate acuminate, keeled, serrate, nerve excurrent into a mucro; caps. globose, gibbous, cernuous; lid large beaked.
Summits of Scotch mountains. VIII. IX.
63. CATASCOPIUM. Brid.
380. C. nigritum. Brid. St. 1in. or more (Wilson says 2–6in. or more), radiculose; l. lanceolate acute, margin reflexed entire, nerved nearly to apex; upper ones largest; caps. small globose, dark-coloured or black, cernuous; lid small conical.
Moist alpine rocks, &c.
Wilson says “fruits March (?)” My specimen from Fife is August.
133
64. DISCELIUM. Brid.
381. D. nudum. Brid. Stemless; l. few, ovate-lanceolate, entire, concave, round the base of the seta, generally buried; seta ½–1in.; caps. sub-globose reddish, cernuous, small; lid conical acute.
Clay banks and beds. II.–IV.
Near Manchester (Cayley); Todmorden (Hobkirk).
65. SPLACHNUM. B. & S.
382. S. vasculosum. L. Stem ¼–1in. radiculose; l. roundish ovate, obtuse, or ovate-acuminate, entire, narrow at base, not nerved to apex, areolæ lax; caps. small cylindrical on a large globular apophysis; lid convex: dioicous.
Elevated wet places. VII.
383. S. ampullaceum. L. St. about 1in.; l. lower lanceolate, upper larger obovate or oblong-lanceolate, all serrate or sometimes entire, acuminate, nerved nearly to apex; areolæ lax; seta dilated above into a turbinate apophysis, bearing the small cylindrical caps.; the whole shaped like the ancient ampulla; lid conical; mono- or dioicous.
On dung in peaty places. V. VI.
384. S. sphœricum. Hedw. St. ½–1in.; l. roundish obovate, acuminate, scarcely serrate, lower smaller, nerved nearly to apex; apophysis not tapering, roundish ovate, about same width as cylindrical capsule; lid mammillate: dioicous.
Dung in moist peaty places. V. VI.
134
66. TETRAPLODON. B. & S.
385. T. mnioides. B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. sub-erect obovate or nearly elliptical, suddenly narrowed into a long piliferous point, concave, entire, nerved to apex; caps. elliptical on a large obovate apophysis of about same width; lid conical obtuse.
Moist mountainous situations, on dung, &c. V.
386. T. angustatus. B. & S. St. ½–2in. tufted; l. sub-erect, ovate-lanceolate concave, narrowed into long tapering points, serrate; caps. ovate on an obconical apophysis; lid conical obtuse.
Dung on mountains, rare. VII. VIII.
67. TAYLORIA. Hooker.
387. T. serrata. B. & S. St. scarcely 1in.; l. erecto-patent, recurved above, oblong-obovate, lower ovate-lanceolate acuminate, serrate above, not nerved to apex; caps. oval on a long tapering apophysis; lid convex obtuse.
var. γ.
tenuis. “l. broader and shorter, caps. smaller on a more slender stalk, much contracted when dry, columella exserted.” Wils.
Normal form not found in Britain—only var. γ on turfy soil on Scotch mountains. VII. VIII.
68. DISSODON. Grev.
388. D. Froelichianus. Grev. “St. cæspitose or scattered; l. ovate-oblong obtuse, nerve ceasing below apex; caps. (with apophysis) clavato-pyriform; lid conical; teeth of perist. in pairs.” [Wils. Bry. Brit., 296.]
Doubtful native; said to have been found on Ben High, 135Aberdeen, by Mr. Dickson, but the specimen in Herb. Turner is not certain.
389. D. splachnoides. Grev. St. 1–4in. radiculose; l. erecto-patent, oval-oblong or lingulate obtuse, margin plane, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate with a short tapering neck; lid conical pointed; columella exserted when dry.
Wet mountainous bogs. Scotland. VIII.
69. ŒDIPODIUM. Schw.
390. Œ. Griffithianum. Schw. St. ¼–½in, tufted; barren often much longer; l. obovate-roundish, obtuse, fringed below, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, neck tapering into a thick succulent seta; lid convex obtuse.
Crevices of mountainous rocks. VII. VIII.
70. SCHISTOSTEGA. Mohr.
391. S. osmundacea. W. & M. St. ¼–½in.; l. bifarious, insertion vertical, lanceolate, pale green; caps. small, sub-globose, mouth large; lid convex; young plant, when growing in caves, emitting a beautiful golden green light.
Sandstone caves and banks, not rare. III.
71. FISSIDENS. Hedw.
I. Fructif. terminal.
a. Monoicous.
392. F. exilis. Hedw. St. ⅛in. simple; l. few, lower small ovate, upper lanceolate-oblong oblique, acute, margin not bordered, serrulate, nerved to apex, dorsal wing not 136reaching to base of leaf; caps. elliptic-oblong, erect, lid conical obliquely rostrate.
Shady banks and woods, not frequent. E. S. I. I.—III.
393. F. viridulus. L. St. ¼in. about; l. lanceolate acute, entire, bordered, crisped when dry, dorsal wing not reaching to base, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; lid conical with a blunt point; perist. immersed; barren fl. on a short branch.
Shady banks, rivulets on stones, &c. VIII. IX.
394. F. incurvus. Schw. St. ¼in. about, ascending from a decumbent base; l. lanceolate oblong apiculate, narrowly margined, nerve ceasing near the serrate apex; caps. oval oblique, curved, rarely erect, lid conical rostellate; perist. not immersed; barren fl. sessile at base of stem. [Schp. Syn. 104.]
Shady banks, Cheshire; Hurst-pier-point. II. III.
var. Lylei. l. scarcely margined, narrow; perist. immersed. Cheshire, rare.
395. F. pusillus. Wils. St. shorter; l. erect, acute, narrow; caps. sub-erect; perist. immersed.
Sandstone rocks.
396. F. crassipes. Wils. St. ¼–¾in.; plant more robust; l. larger, broader, and more numerous; caps. obovate-roundish on a short seta, erect.
Sluices. Sandford, near Oxford. X. XI.
397. F. bryoides. Hedw, St. ¼–½in.; l. lanceolate 137apiculate, with a thickened margin, dorsal wing reaching to, and broad at, the base, strongly nerved to or beyond apex; caps. elliptical erect, symmetrical; lid conical, acutely rostellate; barren fl. axillary.
Shady banks, frequent. I.—III.
b. Dioicous.
398. F. osmundioides. Hedw. St. 1–2in. tufted, erect, radiculose; l. lower scattered, small, upper larger crowded, ovate-lanceolate obtuse, apiculate, margin not thickened, almost entire, not nerved to apex, the latter sometimes toothed; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect; lid large convex rostrate.
Wet mountainous rocks. X. XI.
399. F. asplenioides. Hedw. St. (in var. β. only found in Britain) 3–12in.; l. linear-lanceolate or ligulate entire, obtuse, incurved when dry; caps. sub-erect obovate, slightly incurved; lid rostrate, as long as capsule; barren fl. axillary or terminal.
var. β.
polyphyllos. “branches arcuate, l. wider, rather acute, more strongly nerved, serrulate at apex, barren fl. numerous axillary.” [Wils. Bry. Brit.] Moist shady rocks on mountains. W. I.
II. Fructif. lateral.
400. F. adiantoedes. Hedw. St. 1–2in. branched, leafy; l. ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate below, dentate at apex, nerved almost or quite to apex; border sometimes 138thickened; caps. oval-oblong, constricted at mouth when dry, cernuous; lid with a long beak: monoicous.
Shady wet rocks and bogs. X.–IV.
401. F. taxifolius. Hedw. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. lanceolate, pointed, not bordered, finely crenulate, nerved almost to apex; caps. almost ovate, inclined on a seta curved at summit, and inserted at base of stem, lid large convex with a long oblique beak: monoicous.
Moist shady banks. XII.—II.
402. F. decipiens. De Not. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. lower distant, coulter-shaped, upper imbricate patulous, oblong-ligulate acute or mucronulate, dorsal wing narrow, nerve strongly excurrent, excavate; the cultriform lobe of the upper leaves obliquely acute, longer than half the leaf, upper part strongly serrate; caps. ovate, somewhat constricted at base, erect or inclined; lid large rounded beaked: dioicous. [De Notaris, Epilogo Briol. Ital. 1869, p. 480.]
Damp rocks and old walls.
403. F. tamarindifolius. Donn. St. about ½in. fasciculate, slender; l. elliptical “sub-falciform apiculate,” with an entire pellucid cartilaginous border, nerved to apex; caps. ovate-oblong curved inclined; lid short conical, with a bluntish point.
Banks, &c. II. III.
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