INDEX

Abbé, general, governor of Navarre, fails to relieve Tafalla, 262; joined by Barbot, 263; by Taupin, 264; at Maya, 629; at Beunza, 703; at Venta de Urroz, 710; at Yanzi, 723.

Aboville, Auguste Gabriel, general, his explosion at Burgos, 358.

Adam, Frederick, colonel, at combat of Biar, 287-90; at Castalla, 291-7; protests against abandonment of the siege of Tarragona, 511.

Alava, Miguel, general, wounded at Villa Muriel, 80.

Alba de Tormes, combat of, 122-3; defended by major José Miranda, 125.

Albeyda, combat of, 282.

Alcoy, combat of, 282.

Alicante, Maitland at, 4, 162; Mackenzie commands Anglo-Spanish army at, 58, 163; Bentinck’s proposal to withdraw troops from, 220; Murray at, 275; Bentinck brings back expeditionary force to, 521.

Alten, Charles, major-general commanding Light Division, left in command at Madrid, 4; in the Bastan, 540; moves the Light Division to Lecumberri, 690; ordered to harass Soult’s retreat, 715-24; at Yanzi, 727; at Ivantelly, 735.

Alten, Victor, major-general, on retreat from Madrid, 98, 119, 130, 135, 144; pursues Villatte, 317; at Vittoria, 395, 419; in the Vittoria pursuit, 458.

Altobiscar, combat of, see Roncesvalles.

Alvarez, Pedro, colonel, his defence of Castro-Urdiales, 272-3.

Anson, George, major-general, his brigade on the Douro, 9-10, 15; on retreat from Burgos, 68; at Venta del Pozo, 71-6.

Anson, William, major-general, at Vittoria, 419; at Sorauren, 656, 673; at second Sorauren, 694.

Aranjuez, evacuated by Hill, 97.

Ariñez, village of, in battle of Vittoria, taken by Picton, 418-21.

Artificers, Royal Military, converted into Royal Sappers and Miners, 26; at siege of Burgos, 50.

Ashworth, Charles, brigadier-general, at Vittoria, 419; in the Bastan, 530; at Maya, 626; at combat of Beunza, 703.

Astorga, long siege of, 6-12; surrenders to Castaños, 11; Foy at, 11.

Aussenac, general, joins Souham, 54; operations of his brigade, 116 note; in Biscay, 267.

Avy, Antoine, general, at Vittoria, 393, 411, 428.

Babila Fuente, combat of, 319.

Balaguer, fort, besieged by Murray, 491; fall of, 499.

Ballasteros, Francisco, general, Wellington’s orders to, 58, 59; his attempted coup d’état, 60, 61, 66, 178, 198; exiled by the Cortes, 62; Wellington’s comments on, 300.

Barbot, general, his troops defeated at combat of Lerin, 263; checked at Roncesvalles, 615.

Barnes, Edward, major-general, his gallant counter-attack at Maya, 637; at second Sorauren, 697; charge of his brigade at Echalar, 733.

Bathurst, Henry, Earl, Secretary for War, correspondence of Wellington with, 12, 25, 28, 64, 112, 117, 164 note, 197, 211, 214, 217, 219, 220, 225-6; establishes Beresford’s claims to seniority over Graham and Cotton, 230; Wellington sends plan of campaign for 1813 to, 301-4; Wellington’s remarks after Vittoria, 453, 468; suggests Wellington’s transfer to Germany, 558.

Bayas, skirmish on the, 379.

Behobie, bridge of, broken by Foy, 487.

Bejar, Foy’s failure at, 240-1.

Bentinck, Lord Frederick, at siege of Tarragona, 507, 511.

Bentinck, Lord William, sends troops to Alicante, 164; proposes to withdraw them, 222-3; sends a raiding force to Tuscany, 223; recalls troops from Alicante to Sicily, 284; arrives to take command at Balaguer, 520; his dispatches to Wellington and Bathurst, 521.

Beresford, Sir William, marshal, his management of army in Portugal, 210; Wellington’s choice of, as successor to himself, 228; Duke of York’s decision against his claims, 229; Lord Bathurst establishes his right to seniority, 230; receives Wellington’s plan of campaign for 1813, 303.

Bertoletti, general, commands at Tarragona, 492; defends the town against Murray, 496-514.

Beunza, combat of, 703, 704; casualties at, 739.

Biar, combat of, 288-90.

Bilbao, taken and lost by the Spaniards, 254; again attacked, 254; relieved by Palombini, 261; again attacked by Spaniards, 267.

Bloye, captain (R.N.), at Castro-Urdiales, 271-2, 273.

Bock, Eberhard, general, on retreat from Burgos, 69; at combat of Venta del Pozo, 71-4; brings his brigade to join Graham, 323; crosses the Esla, 330; at Vittoria, 396, 437.

Bourbon, the Cardinal, appointed head of Spanish Regency, 205-7.

Boyer, general, at combat of Venta del Pozo, 72-4; ordered to return to France, 246; his raid across the Esla, 327; at Vittoria, 404, 436; summoned to join Napoleon, 531.

Bradford, Henry,brigadier-general, sufferings of his brigade on retreat to Rodrigo, 154; at Vittoria, 396, 424, 437; at combat of Villareal, 474, 475; at combat of Tolosa, 478; at St. Sebastian, 567, 571.

Brisbane, Thomas, major-general, his brigade at Vittoria, 413, 418, 421.

Burgos, description of, 21-4; siege of, 17-51; relieved by Souham, 68; Wellington’s comments on, 299; operations round, in June, 1813, 346-63; abandoned by King Joseph, 357.

Burgoyne, John, major (R.E.), senior engineer at Burgos, 18 n., 28 n., 30 n., 41 n.; his observations, 44-5, 47, 49-51; his notes on siege of St. Sebastian, 573, 578.

Byng, John, major-general, at Vittoria, 400, 419; at Roncesvalles, 557, 611; retires, 622-3; at Sorauren, 656, 673; at second Sorauren, 694.

Cadiz, Wellington at, 201-6.

Cadogan, Hon. Henry, colonel, at Vittoria, 400; death of, 401.

Caffarelli, Louis Marie, general, commands Army of the North, 2; strengthens Burgos, 23; joins Souham at Briviesca, 48-54; in pursuit of Wellington, 85; returns to Burgos, 111; opposed by the Guerrilleros, 166; his failure to restore order in Biscay, 191-3, 252-8; superseded by Clausel, 193; returns to France, 217, 262.

Cameron, John, colonel, succeeds to Cadogan’s brigade at Vittoria, 417, 419, 429; in pursuit of the French, 439; in the Bastan, 530; at Maya, 542, 626, 633, 634.

Campbell, Archibald,major-general, at Roncesvalles, joins Ross, 621; at Sorauren, 656; at Beunza, 704.

Campbell, Colin, captain, his account of storm of St. Sebastian, 580, 581, 582.

Campbell, James, general, at Alicante, 162; supersedes Clinton, 165, 275; superseded by Murray, 275.

Carvajal, Spanish minister of war, Wellington’s letter to, 198-200.

Casapalacios, general, commanding Franco-Spaniards at Vittoria, 394-426; under Soult, 595.

Cassagne, general, at Vittoria, 393, 402, 414, 429; his division in the Bastan, 534.

Cassan, general, governor of Pampeluna, 528.

Castalla, battle of, 291-6.

Castaños, Francisco Xavier, general, commands Army of Galicia, joins Wellington before Burgos, 15-16; on retreat, 64, 156; winter quarters of, 184; Wellington’s approval of, 199; appointed captain-general in Galicia, Castile, and Estremadura, 305; deposed by Regency, 523.

Castro-Urdiales, fortified by the Spaniards, 260; Clausel at, 265; siege and storm of, 271-3.

Chinchilla, siege of, 63; taken by French, 66.

Ciudad Rodrigo, Wellington’s retreat on, 153; winter quarters at, 180.

Clarke, Henri, duc de Feltre, French minister of war, appoints Masséna to command Army of Portugal, 33; orders withdrawal from Madrid, 243; recalls troops to France, 248, 249; his orders to Clausel, 259; forwards King Joseph’s complaints to Russia, 88; lectures the king on his strategy, 243, 248, 249; his views on the Northern insurrection, 252; urges the king to send troops to Biscay and Navarre, 259-60; his misconceptions of Wellington’s strength and designs, 245, 251; his instructions to King Joseph after his retreat into France, 546.

Clausel, Bertrand, general, commands Army of Portugal, 2; reorganizes his army, 6-8; advances to Valladolid, 8-9; retreats northward, 14, 15, 17; superseded by Souham, 33; in operations round Salamanca, 124-42; supersedes Caffarelli with Army of the North, 193, 258, 262; his failure to subdue the North, 259, 270; his pursuit of Mina, 268, 269, 334; ordered to join King Joseph, 386; fails to reach Vittoria before the battle, 454; evades Wellington’s pursuit, 460-9; reaches Saragossa, 465; arrives in France, 469, 527; appointed to command of the left wing under Soult, 594; at Roncesvalles, 615; at Sorauren, 657, 663, 665-77; in second battle of Sorauren, 692-7; retreat, 707; at Sumbilla, 718; at Echalar, 734.

Clinton, Henry, general commanding 6th Division, 2; joined by Wellington, 13; at Burgos, 42; Wellington’s dissatisfaction with, 52; resumes command of 6th Division, after Vittoria, 462; pursues Clausel, 463, 464.

Clinton, William, major-general, takes command at Alicante, 164; superseded by Campbell, 165, 275; at battle of Castalla, 291-7; at Tarragona, 492, 565; thwarted by Murray, 509-10.

Collier, Sir George, captain (R.N.), blockades St. Sebastian, 567; lands naval guns, 569.

Cole, Sir Lowry, major-general, retreats from Madrid, 102; at Roncesvalles, 585, 604, 611, 617, 620; Wellington censures his retreat, 622, 623; at combat of Linzoain, 651; at Sorauren, 656; at second Sorauren, 694.

Colville, Hon. Charles, major-general, at Vittoria, 411, 417, 429, 435.

Conroux, general, at Vittoria, 401; alarmist reports of, 538, 540; at Sorauren, 663, 668; in second battle of Sorauren, 692-6; at Sumbilla, 719; at Echalar, 734.

Constantin, Foy defeats Silveira at, 11.

Copons, Francisco, captain-general of Catalonia, commands 1st Army in Catalonia, 308; co-operates with Murray, 49, 504; Murray’s pledge to join him in defending the Gaya, 507; abandoned by Murray, 513; threatens Mathieu’s force, 518.

Cortes, intrigues in the Spanish, 202-3.

Cotton, Sir Stapleton, lieut.-general, at combat of Venta del Pozo, 70-4; in command at combat of Villadrigo, 76; Wellington’s estimate of, 229; his ambitions as to the command in the Peninsula, 229-30.

Croker, John Wilson, records Wellington’s plan for driving the French out of the Peninsula, 359-60, 454 note.

Curto, Jean-Baptiste, general, pursues Wellington from Burgos, 69, 71; at combat of Venta del Pozo, 71-4; at Vittoria, 426, 436.

Da Costa, general, his operations in the Bastan, 537; at Maya, 626; at Beunza, 704.

Dalhousie, George, Earl of, lieut.-general, insubordinate action of, 152; commands 7th Division at Vittoria, 409, 422; his responsibility for errors, 449; blockades Pampeluna, 539; marches to Lizaso, 683; at second Sorauren, 695; at Venta de Urroz, 711; at Echalar, 733.

Daricau, general, in pursuit of Wellington, 149; marches toward Valencia, 280; withdraws from Zamora, 327; pursued by Wellington, 331; at Vittoria, 393, 401.

Darmagnac, general, at Vittoria, 393, 413, 417, 428; at combat of Araquil, 461; at Maya, 629; at Irurita, 683, 684; at Beunza, 703; at Venta de Urroz, 711; at Sumbilla, 719.

Decaen, Charles, general, commands French Army of Catalonia, 308; prepares to withstand Murray, 502-4; his ineffective operations, 517.

Denia, abortive expedition to, 163, 164.

D’Erlon, Jean Baptiste Drouet, comte, in pursuit of Hill from Madrid, 99; supersedes Souham in command of Army of Portugal, 129; his operations on the Tormes, 132; brings Army of the Centre to Valladolid, 339; at Vittoria, 401, 418; abandoned by Gazan, 431; retires, 433; disorderly retreat of, 439; retreats by the Col de Velate, 521; in the Bastan, 530; ordered to join Reille on the Nivelle, 534; appointed to command Centre of Army under Soult, 594; ordered to force the pass of Maya, 624; captures the position, 624-39; at Irurita, 683, 684; his delays, 685; attacks Hill, 702; at combat of Beunza, 703; retreats to France, 736.

Desprez, colonel, sent by King Joseph to Russia, 88; his report of the Moscow retreat, 241, 242.

Dickson, Alexander, colonel (R.A.), at Vittoria, 419, 428; at St. Sebastian, 565.

Digeon, Alexandre, general, pursuing Wellington’s army, 144; on the Esla, 327, 328; abandons Zamora, 330; pursued by Wellington, 331; at Vittoria, 393, 404, 426; covers Reille’s retreat, 436.

Donkin, Rufane, major-general, Q.M.G. to Murray, 292-5; his misleading dispatch, 508; plans re-embarkation from Tarragona, 509; remonstrates with Murray, 511.

Douglas, Sir Howard, colonel, 11, 14; sends guns for the siege of Burgos, 39, 41 note.

Dubreton, general, governor of Burgos, successful defence of, 23-51; relieved by Souham, 68.

Duran, José, brigadier-general, 255, 280-1.

D’Urban, Benjamin,major-general, views on the siege of Burgos, 51; on retreat from Madrid, 98, 119, 130, 132, 156, 159; brings his Portuguese brigade to join Graham, 324-5; crosses the Esla, 330; at Vittoria, 394, 419.

Ebro, crossed by Wellington, 362, 363; operations on, 364.

Echalar, combat of, 732; casualties at, 739.

Elio, Francisco, general, commanding in Valencia, 66; combines with Hill, 95, 98-110; retires to Alicante, 162-4; his army in Murcia, 277; on the Xucar, 283, 285; his mismanagement at Villena, 287, 288; co-operates with Murray, 298, 488, 502.

Empecinado, the (Juan Martin), brigadier-general, 100, 109; occupies Madrid, 110; in East Castile, 255, 256, 281.

Erskine, Sir William, general, at combat of Ocaña, 93; his suicide, 315.

Esla, passage of the, 329.

España, Carlos de, general, 98, 100, 112, 184, 305, 315, 656.

Fane, Henry, major-general, pursues Villatte, 317; at Vittoria, 394.

Ferdinand, King of Sicily, his abortive coup d’état, 284-5.

Fletcher, Sir Richard, colonel R.E., directs siege of St. Sebastian, 565, 578.

Forjaz, Miguel, secretary of state in Portugal, Wellington’s correspondence with, 208.

Foy, Maximilien, general, his raid on Zamora, 10-11; joins Clausel, 12; in pursuit of Wellington after Burgos, 78, 83, 84; at Salamanca, 141-2; his views on the campaign, 168; on Wellington, 174, 180; at Avila, 187; abortive effort to surprise Bejar, 240; operations in Biscay, 271-4, 337, 365; receives orders to join King Joseph, 378; decides against joining the army at Vittoria, 470; harassed by Longa, 472; at combat of Tolosa, 477-82; regarrisons St. Sebastian, 484; falls back on the Bidassoa, 485; burns Behobie bridge, 487; on the Linduz, 619, 649; at Sorauren, 664; at second Sorauren, 693; retreats into France, 699-700.

Fraile, the (Agostin Nebot), guerrillero chief, 280.

Freire, Manuel, general, opposes Soult’s advance on Madrid, 93; ordered to join Ballasteros, 100; with Elio and the Empecinado, 109; in Andalusia, 162, 165, 307; succeeds Castaños in command of the 4th Army, 524.

Freneda, Wellington at, 194-213.

Fuenterrabia, castle of, seized and burned by Mina’s bands, 263.

Gaudin, colonel, defeated by Mina at combat of Lerin, 263.

Gauthier, general, at combat of Villa Muriel, 79; at Sorauren, 675.

Gazan, countess, sent by Wellington to France after Vittoria, 445.

Gazan, Honoré, general, succeeds Soult, 247; orders Leval to evacuate Madrid, 339; with Army of the South at Arminion, 379; at Vittoria, 390; defence of his action, 402, 417; his retreat from Gomecha, 430-1; retires by the Pass of Roncesvalles, 523; ordered to take command in the Bastan, 534; retreats before Hill, 536; abandons Maya, 543; chief of the staff to Soult, 594; in the Pyrenean campaign, 665.

Giron, Pedro Agostin, general, nephew of Castaños, commands 4th Army, 306; his operations in Biscay, 368, 381; marches to Vittoria, 381, 396; sent in pursuit of French, 454; returns to guard Vittoria, 471; joins Longa, 473; at combat of Tolosa, 479; superseded in command of 4th Army by the Regency, 524; at Irun, 557.

Gomm, William, captain, his criticism on siege of St. Sebastian, 583, 584.

Gordon, James Willoughby, colonel, Q.M.G., errors of, 135-8, 146, 180; his treacherous conduct while on Wellington’s staff, 224-6; dismissed, 226.

Graham, Sir Thomas, general, resigns his claims of seniority over Beresford, 230; moves across the Douro, 303; operations of his column, 322-33; in operations round Burgos, 354-62; at combat of Osma, 374; at Vittoria, 395; his attack on Reille, 405; on the Upper Zadorra, 424-35; discussion of his tactics at Vittoria, 447-8; in pursuit of French in Biscay, 456; attacks Maucune, 474; attacks and drives Foy from Tolosa, 477-82; besieges St. Sebastian, 564-86.

Grant, Colquhoun, colonel, at combat of Morales, 331; at Vittoria, 395, 413, 419, 435; nearly captures King Joseph, 441.

Grant, William, brigadier in 7th Division, at Vittoria, 422-3.

Guernica, combats of, 266.

Guerrilleros, the, activity of, 189, 190; Napoleon’s failure to estimate importance of, 257; their operations in the spring of 1813, 258-78.

Guingret, captain, his exploit at Tordesillas, 83, 84.

Halkett, Colin, brigadier commanding K.G.L., on retreat from Burgos, 69, 83; at Vittoria, 425.

Hallowell, Benjamin, admiral, bombards Tarragona, 496, 498; protests against Murray’s re-embarkation, 509, 512; effects the embarkation, 514; dissuades Murray from another attack on Tarragona, 516; hails Bentinck’s arrival, 520; his dispatch to Wellington, 521.

Harispe, Jean Isidore, general, defeats Spaniards at combat of Yecla, 286-7; at battle of Castalla, 292; left by Suchet in command in Valencia, 500.

Harrison, John B., colonel, defends Bejar against Foy, 240-1.

Hay, Leith, captain, his notes on Vittoria campaign, 336, 364; exchanged on eve of Vittoria, 397, 416.

Hill, Robert, major-general, commanding cavalry brigade at Vittoria, 395, 419; in pursuit of Gazan, 439; guards town of Vittoria, 441, 455.

Hill, Sir Rowland, lieutenant-general, warns Wellington of King Joseph’s advance on Madrid, 66, 67, 93; his retreat from Madrid, 96-110, 118; in operations round Salamanca, 113-42; on retreat to Rodrigo, 137-53; his orders for 1813, 303; operations of his column, 314-18; halts at Salamanca, 319; takes command of southern wing of Wellington’s army, 320; forces Reille to withdraw before him, 356-7; at Vittoria, 395; blockades Pampeluna, 527; in the Bastan, 530; drives out Gazan, 536; absent from the combat of Maya, 585, 626; abandons the pass of Maya, 638; marches to Lizaso, 681-2; attacked by D’Erlon at Beunza, 702-5; in pursuit of Soult, 708-9; re-occupies pass of Maya, 738.

Huebra, combat of the, 149.

Inglis, William, major-general, his brigade at second Sorauren, 697.

Jones, John, colonel (R.E.), notes on siege of Burgos, 25, 28 n., 35 n., 41 n., 49, 50 n., 171 n.; and on St. Sebastian, 566.

Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte, King of Spain, advances on Madrid, 66; joined by Soult and Suchet, 87; his quarrel with Soult, 88, 89; in pursuit of Hill, 99, 108; before Salamanca, 124; his accusations against Soult, 140; returns to Salamanca, 141; marches on Madrid, 155; Napoleon’s criticism of, 169; his return to Madrid, 184-6; receives news of Napoleon’s retreat from Russia, 239-40; abandons Madrid, 247; at Valladolid, 335; summons Clausel to join him, 356; abandons Burgos, 357; at Miranda, 366; retires on Vittoria, 377; reconnoitres the position with Jourdan, 397; orders retreat, 433; escapes from British cavalry, 441; at Salvatierra, 451; at Pampeluna, 462; fixes his head-quarters at St. Jean de Luz, 532; orders concentration at St. Jean-Pied-du-Port, 541; superseded by Soult, 550; his fall, 567; retires to Mortefontaine, 552; appreciation of, 552-6.

Jourdan, Jean Baptiste, marshal, with King Joseph, 87; in pursuit of Hill from Madrid, 106, 108; in operations round Salamanca, 124-39; returns to Salamanca, 141; returns to Madrid, 186; orders concentration of forces to oppose Wellington, 337-9; at Burgos, 354-8; misconception of Wellington’s movements, 372-3, 387-8, 398; his dispositions at Vittoria, 401-7; comment on Gazan’s disobedience, 431; orders retreat on Pampeluna, 433; his remarks on the battle, 452; estrangement from King Joseph, 532; disgraced by Napoleon, 556; later history of, 556.

Kempt, James, major-general, at combat of San Millan, 375; his passage of the Zadorra, 407-8; at Vittoria, 418.

La Hermandad, stormed by Vandeleur, 423.

Lamartinière, general, joins King Joseph, 355, 365; at Vittoria, 404, 435; abandons Vera, 544; on the Linduz, 649; at Sorauren, 668; at second Sorauren, 693; at Yanzi, 722; at Echalar, 735.

Lameth, general, at Santoña, 266, 271.

Larpent, Francis, appointed Judge-Advocate General, with the army, 238; reports Wellington’s plans for encircling Soult, 717.

Lerin, combat of, 263.

Leval, Jean François, general, evacuates Madrid, 340; at Vittoria, 393, 401, 413, 429; in the Bastan, 535, 539.

Linduz, defence of the, by Ross’s brigade, 618.

Linzoain, combat of, 653.

Liverpool, Robert, Earl of, prime minister, his relations with Wellington, 214-16; Wellington’s correspondence with, 300; he suggests transferring Wellington to Germany, 558-61.

Long, Robert, major-general, in operations round Salamanca, 135; informs Wellington of Soult’s movements, 647.

Longa, Francisco, colonel, his activity in the North, 253, 254; surprises Palombini at Poza, 261; escapes from Sarrut, 274; on the Ebro, 370; brings his division up before Vittoria, 381, 387, 396; in the attack on Reille, 405, 424; seizes Durana, 427; sent to Biscay in pursuit of Maucune, 454, 471; harasses Foy’s retreat, 472, 475; at combat of Tolosa, 478-80; captures garrison of Passages, 486; at Yanzi, 720-4.

Mackenzie, John, general, commanding at Alicante, 58, 163; superseded by Clinton, 164, 275; at battle of Castalla, 291-7; at Tarragona, 492; protests against Murray’s abandonment of siege, 511; his advance on Valdellos, 515.

Mackenzie, Mr., British secret agent, offers Russian troops for the Peninsula, 220, 221.

Madrid, evacuated by Hill, 106; occupied by King Joseph, 108; evacuated by him, 109, 110; occupied again for the winter, 186; King Joseph leaves it, 218, 247; the French abandon it for the last time, 340.

Maitland, Hon. T., major-general, commanding at Alicante, 4, 163, 275.

Maransin, Jean Pierre, general, at Vittoria, 392; at Maya, 542, 629; at Beunza, 703; at Venta de Urroz, 711; at Echalar, 735.

Marmont, Auguste, marshal, Duke of Ragusa, Napoleon’s criticism of, 169; estimate of, 172-3; his remarks on the War of Spain, 257.

Masséna, André, marshal, Prince of Essling, abortive appointment of, to command in Spain, 33.

Mathieu, Maurice, general, governor of Barcelona, demonstrates against Murray, 503-5; relieves Tarragona, 517.

Maucune, general, attacks Wellington before Burgos, 64, 65; enters Burgos, 68; in pursuit of Wellington, 70-9; repulsed at combat of Villa Muriel, 79-82; in operations round Salamanca, 130; at combat of San Millan, 375; escorts a convoy from Vittoria, 386; resists Graham’s advance, 475; attacks the heights of Sorauren, 671; his division routed at second Sorauren, 692; at Yanzi, 723; and at Echalar, 735.

Maya, first combat of, 542, 585; second combat of, 617-39.

Medico, El, guerrillero leader, at Toledo, 97.

Melville, Robert, Lord, fails to supply help for blockade of St. Sebastian, 567-8.

Mendizabal, Gabriel, general commanding Seventh Spanish Army, 253; opposes Clausel, 262; at Castro-Urdiales, 265; acts in conjunction with Graham near Tolosa, 478, 481; at siege of St. Sebastian, 523, 566.

Mermet, Julien, general, at Vittoria, 404, 427.

Mijares, Francisco, general, defeated at combat of Yecla, 286.

Mina, F. Espoz y, his operations round Pampeluna, 55; holds Navarre, 191, 255; Napoleon’s remarks on, 259; opposes Abbé, 262; defeats Barbot at combat of Lerin, 263; defeated and dispersed by Clausel, 269; threatens Clausel’s retreat, 461, 463.

Miranda, José, major, defends Alba de Tormes, 125-32.

Morales, combat of, 331.

Morillo, Pablo, general, 98, 112, 119, 134, 184, 305-11, 315; at Vittoria, 394, 400, 419, 429; in pursuit of the French, 439; blockades Pampeluna, 527; at Roncesvalles, 611, 614; sent to assist Hill, 704.

Murray, Sir George, general, restored to Wellington as Q.M.G., 226; his advice as to pursuit of Clausel, 455; dispatches orders before Sorauren, 667.

Murray, Sir John, general, supersedes Campbell at Alicante, 275; his campaign against Suchet, 281-98; wins battle of Castalla, 293-6; his failure to carry out Wellington’s plans, 311; his orders from Wellington, 488; embarks, 490; his half-hearted attack on Tarragona, 493-4; his miserable hesitations, 505-9; re-embarks troops, 511; abandons Copons, 513; his futile advance on Valdellos, 515; superseded by Bentinck, 520; his explanations to Wellington, 511; court-martial on, in 1814, 521, 561.

Napier, William, colonel, historian, his comments on Clausel’s retreat, 18 and note, 40 n.; on siege of Burgos, 49, 77; on Wellington’s retreat to Rodrigo, 133, 145 n., 149 n.; on Wellington’s campaign of 1812, 170; his criticism of Jourdan at Vittoria, 389; reports Wellington’s account of his scheme for encircling Soult, 717.

Napoleon, Emperor, nominates Reille to command army of Portugal, 33; receives news of Joseph’s quarrel with Soult, 89; his dissatisfaction with conduct of the War in Spain, 168-9, 218; his disastrous retreat from Russia, 185, 215, 239, 241; supersedes Caffarelli by Clausel, 193; his delusions regarding the war in Spain, 250, 251; his victories at Bautzen and Lützen, 355, 360; anger at Foy’s re-crossing the Bidassoa, 487; receives the news of Vittoria, 547; his appreciation of Wellington’s schemes on the Pyrenean frontier, 557; his perversions of Soult’s dispatches, 640, 641.

O’Callaghan, Hon. R. W., colonel, at Vittoria, 401, 419; at Maya, 542; at Beunza, 703.

Ocaña, combat of, 93.

O’Donnell, Enrique, Conde de Abispal, succeeds Ballasteros in command of Army of Andalusia, 63, 307; takes the forts of Pancorbo, 528; blockades Pampeluna, 528; marches to join Hill, 704.

O’Donoju, Juan, general, Spanish minister of war, 205; Wellington’s censures on, 347.

Ompteda, Christian, colonel K.G.L., at Tolosa, 480.

Osma, combat of, 373-4.

Oswald, John, major-general, his insubordination on the Burgos retreat, 150-2; at Vittoria, 424-6, 437; at St. Sebastian, 567, 571, 578, 583.

Pack, Denis, major-general, marches on Burgos, 3, 17; at siege of Burgos, 26, 47, 48; retreats from Burgos, 67; in operations round Salamanca,134; at Vittoria, 396, 424, 437; at combat of Villareal, 475; at combat of Tolosa, 478; at Sorauren, 666, 677.

Paget, Sir Edward, general, sent to Spain as second-in-command, 53; attacks Maucune, 65, 66; taken prisoner on Salamanca retreat, 147.

Pakenham, Sir Edward, major-general, offers Wellington siege-guns for Burgos, 40; takes command of the 6th Division, left at Medina de Pomar, 370; opposed to Clausel at Vittoria, 459; superseded by Clinton, 462; replaces Pack, 689.

Palencia, stormed by Foy, 78-81.

Palombini, general, operations of his Italian division in Castile, 260, 261; and in Biscay, 265-7; at Santoña, 265; at Guernica, 266; at siege of Castro-Urdiales, 271, 274.

Pampeluna, King Joseph at, 462; siege of, 528-9.

Pancorbo, forts of, reduced by O’Donnell, 528.

Pannetier, general, attempts to relieve Tarragona, 501, 514-15.

Paris, general, defends Saragossa, 468; evacuates it, 599.

Parque, The Duque del, successor of Ballasteros, commanding Army of Andalusia, 63, 307, 311; co-operation with Murray, 489, 502; attacks on the Xucar, 515.

Passages, harbour, arrival of Wellington’s siege train at, 569.

Pastor, El, guerrillero chief, 254, 266, 267, 365.

Pellew, Sir Edward, admiral, makes naval demonstration off the coast of the Ampurdam, 503; brings Bentinck to take command at Balaguer, 520.

Penne Villemur, Conde, cavalry general, 98, 119, 132.

Picton, Sir Thomas, lieut.-general, at Vittoria, 409; crosses the Zadorra with the 3rd Division, 411; at Ariñez, 418; joins Cole at Linzoain, 651; at second battle of Sorauren, 698; pursues Foy, 698-9.

Plässwitz, Armistice of, 360; its effect on Wellington’s policy, 525, 737.

Ponsonby, Hon. William, major-general, brings his brigade to join Graham, 323; at Vittoria, 395, 419.

Popham, Sir Home, commodore, sends ammunition to Wellington at Burgos, 39; offers guns, 40; his operations on coast of Biscay, 54, 55, 57, 58 n., 176, 177, 253-4.

Porlier, Juan Diaz, general, heads Asturian insurgents, 254; at combat of Tolosa, 478.

Poza de la Sal, combat of, 261.

Prevost, William, colonel, sent to take the Col de Balaguer, 491, 500; rejoins Murray, 514, 515.

Pringle, William Henry, major-general, at Villa Muriel, 80-1; at Maya, 626; at combat of Beunza, 703.

Provisional Battalions, controversy concerning, 232-3.

Puente Larga, combat of, 102-5.

Ramsay, Norman, captain R.A., unjust treatment of, 456-8.

Regency of Portugal, dealings of, with Wellington, 207-8, 209.

Regency of Spain, dealings of, with Wellington, 201-4; displaced, 205; its successors, 205.

Regent, the, George, Prince of Wales, creates Wellington field-marshal, 442.

Regent of Portugal, Prince John, 206-7.

Reille, Honoré Charles, general, commanding Army of Portugal, his failure to cope with the guerrilleros, 190; sends Boyer across the Esla, 327; his position before Burgos, 354; retreats before Hill, 356, 357, 367; at combat of Osma, 373, 374; at Vittoria, 393, 404, 435; his orderly retreat, 436-9, 451; sent to guard the frontier of France, 459; abandons the bridge of Behobie, 487; appointed to command the right wing of the army under Soult, 594; checked on the Linduz, 617-21, 649; at Sorauren, 665, 675; at second Sorauren, 695; retreat, 698; at combat of Yanzi, 720-4; at Ivantelly, 735.

Rey, Emanuel, general, at Vittoria, 401; governor of St. Sebastian, 483, 567; his gallant defence, 570, 574, 586.

Robinson, Frederick, major-general, at Vittoria, 406.

Roche, Philip K., general, commands Spanish division at Alicante, 275; at battle of Castalla, 291.

Roncal, combat of, 269.

Roncesvalles, combat of, 608-20.

Ross, Robert, major-general, at Roncesvalles, 613; at Sorauren, 656, 662; at second Sorauren, 694; at Echalar, 734.

Rouget, general, defends Bilbao, 267; at combat of Tolosa, 481.

Salamanca, operations round, 111-42; recovered by the Allied Army, 317.

Sanchez, Julius, in retreat from Burgos, 67, 68, 69; at Ciudad Rodrigo, 153; operations in Castile, 305, 315; in pursuit of French, 364.

San Miguel, hornwork of, at Burgos, stormed, 27; blown up by Wellington, 48; again destroyed by the French, 355.

San Millan, combat of, 375.

San Muñoz, combat of, 149.

Santocildes, José Maria, general, commanding Galician army on the Douro, 6; evacuates Valladolid, 9; joins in pursuit of Clausel, 16.

Santoña, relieved by Palombini, 265.

Sarrut, general, 270; joins King Joseph before Vittoria, 365; killed at Vittoria, 404, 425.

Scovell, George, major, Wellington’s cypher-secretary, appointed to command Staff Corps Cavalry, 2, 37.

Silveira, Francisco, Conde de Amarante, driven from Zamora by Foy, 11; takes command of the Portuguese Independent Division, 314; at Vittoria, 395, 419; in the Bastan, 527, 536; at the combat of Beunza, 626.

Skerrett, John B., major-general, joins Hill with his column, 95; evacuates Aranjuez, 97; at combat of Puente Larga, 102-5; at Vittoria, 419.

Smith, Charles, major, engineer at St. Sebastian, 565, 569, 578.

Somers-Cocks, Captain the Hon. John, storms San Miguel, 27, 28; killed at Burgos, 38.

Somerset, Lord Fitzroy, carries Wellington’s message from Sorauren, 660.

Sorauren, first battle of, 654-80; second battle of, 692-706; casualties at, 738, 739.

Souham, Joseph, general, supersedes Clausel in command of Army of Portugal, 33; receives reinforcements, 54, 55; advances to relieve Burgos, 64-8; enters Burgos, 68; his pursuit of Wellington, 68-85; joins Soult, 121; superseded by Drouet, 129.

Soult, Nicolas, Jean de Dieu, marshal, duke of Dalmatia, evacuates Andalusia, 2, 56; advances on Madrid, 66; his quarrel with King Joseph, 87-9; in pursuit of Hill, 99-121; unites with Army of Portugal and Army of the Centre, 121; ineffective attack on Alba de Tormes, 122, 123; operations round Salamanca, 124-39; King Joseph’s accusations against, 140; his pursuit of Wellington, 140-51; turns back on the Huebra, 151; Napoleon’s estimate of, 169; at Toledo, 187; recalled to France, 217, 243; supersedes Joseph, 550, 587; his proclamation to the troops, 588; character and career of, 589-91; reorganizes the army, 591-8; seizes Maya and Roncesvalles, 620; his report to Napoleon, 640; repulsed at Sorauren, 663-80; retreat, 681-705; his discouragement, 736-7.

Soult, Pierre, general, in pursuit of Hill, 105-8; crosses the Tormes, 131; King Joseph’s strictures on, 140; at Vittoria, 393, 428; at Sorauren, 668.

Spry, William, brigadier-general, at St. Sebastian, 573, 586.

St. Sebastian, Rey governor of, 483; Foy’s attempt to reinforce it, 484; blockade of, 485; siege of, 562-86; natural features of, 562; abortive storm of, 575-82; its siege abandoned, 586, 606.

Staff Corps Cavalry, formation of the, 237.

Stapleton Cotton, see Cotton.

Stewart, Sir William, lieut.-general, his disobedience during the retreat from Salamanca, 150-2; Wellington’s complaints against, 226, 227; absent at the time of the attack on Maya, 626, 627; returns to take command, 634; at combat of Venta de Urroz, 711.

Stuart, Sir Charles, British minister member of Regency of Portugal, 209; Wellington’s correspondence with, 211, 221.

Stubbs, George, colonel, commanding Portuguese brigade, at Vittoria, 414, 419; at Sorauren, 656; at second Sorauren, 694.

Suchet, Louis Gabriel, duke of Albufera, marshal, advances on Madrid, 66; his quarrels with King Joseph and Soult, 88, 89; gathering of Spanish and British armies against, 162-6; precarious position of, 279-81; his campaign against Murray, 281-98, 488-500; defeated at battle of Castalla, 292-309; marches to relieve Tarragona, 501; finds his advance blocked by Fort Balaguer, 515; withdraws across the Ebro, 516.

Sumbilla, combat of, 718, 719.

Tarragona, defences of, 493; siege of, 496; relieved by Mathieu, 517.

Thackeray, Frederick, major, senior engineer at siege of Tarragona, 497; protests against Murray’s abandonment of the siege, 511.

Thouvenot, general, governor of Vittoria, 378, 470.

Tiebas, combat of, 262.

Tolosa, combat of, 477-81.

Tomkinson, William captain 16th Light Dragoons, his diary of events on the Douro, 6 n., 14 n., 15 n., 16 n., 18 n., 28 n., 38 n.; on Reille’s retreat, 438.

Tordesillas, exploit of Captain Guingret at, 83.

Toro, French garrison of, relieved by Foy, 10; junction of Wellington and Hill at, 331-3.

Torquemada, riotous scenes at, 77.

Torrens, Henry, colonel, military secretary to Duke of York, Wellington’s correspondence with, 224.

Tovey, George, captain, bayonet charge of his company on the Linduz, 618.

Treillard, Jean Paul, general, at Vittoria, 428; at Sorauren, 688.

Vacani, Camillo, historian, with Palombini, 264-8; his account of Tarragona, 496.

Valdemoro, riotous scenes at, 102, 105.

Valladolid, occupied by Clausel, 9; his eviction by Wellington, 14; abandoned by Wellington, 84; King Joseph makes it his capital, 247; evacuated by the French, 344.

Vandeleur, J. Ormsby, major-general, at combat of San Millan, 375; at Vittoria, 412; storms La Hermandad, 423.

Vandermaesen, general, at Roncesvalles, 615; at Sorauren, 668; at second Sorauren, 695; at combat of Sumbilla, 718; at Echalar, 734.

Venta del Pozo, combat of, 71-4.

Venta de Urroz, combat of, 711; casualties at, 739.

Vera, abandoned by Lamartinière, 544.

Villacampa, Pedro, general, acts under Elio, 280, 281, 298.

Villadrigo, combat of, 75.

Villafranca, combat of, 475.

Villa Muriel, combat of, 79-82.

Villareal, combat of, 473.

Villatte, general, driven from Salamanca, 316-19; at Vittoria, 393, 402; attacks Morillo and the 71st, 415; retirement of, 416, 429; Soult’s complaints of, 713; commands Bayonne reserve, 595; his torpor, 602, 713.

Villena, castle of, capitulates to Suchet, 287, 288.

Vittoria, battle of, 384-450; retreat of the French from, 433-50.

Wachholz, Ludwig, captain, notes of, 432; on combat of the Linduz, 618-19.

Waldron, John, captain, exploit of, at Castalla, 295.

Wellesley, Hon. Henry, ambassador to Spain, his correspondence with Wellington, 196-7, 525; his dealings with the Regency of Spain, 205.

Wellesley, Richard, marquis, resigns from Perceval Cabinet, 214.

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Marquis of, marches to Burgos, 3; crosses the Douro, 12-13; his pursuit of Clausel, 16-20; siege of Burgos, 21-51; his instructions to Hill, 57; retreats from Burgos, 66-86; orders Hill to retire from Madrid, 99; his reasons for retreat, 111; operations round Salamanca, 111-37; retreats on Ciudad Rodrigo, 137-53; his strictures on officers commanding divisions and brigades, 156-61; criticism of his campaigns of 1812, 170-6; at Freneda, 194; made Generalissimo of Spanish armies, 196-204; at Cadiz, 201; on Portuguese finance, 211-13; his relations with Whitehall, 214-24; with the Duke of York, 223-4; intrigues of Gordon against, 224-6; his plan for campaign of 1813, 299-305; plan for Tarragona expedition, 308; leaves Hill in command of Southern Army, 320; joins Graham, 329; occupies Toro, 331-3; his plan for transferring British base to the Bay of Biscay, 348-9; for driving the French out of the Peninsula, 359; his operations on the Ebro, 364-82; plan of attack at Vittoria, 394; his derogatory remarks on his army, 452, 453; marches for Navarre, 455; severity towards Norman Ramsay, 456-8; pursues Clausel in vain, 467; his orders for Murray’s expedition to Tarragona, 488; dissatisfaction with Murray, 521; influence of Armistice of Plässwitz on his plans, 525-6; in the Bastan, 537-43; in correspondence with Bathurst and Liverpool, rejects their suggestion of transfer to Germany, 558, 561; controversy with Melville, 567-8; goes to St. Sebastian, 585; his dispositions for the defence of the Pyrenees, 603-6; concentrates against Soult, 647, 659; his ride to Sorauren, 658-62; prepares to attack Soult, 694; at second Sorauren, 694-701; pursuit of Soult, 707-40; renounces advance into France, 737-40.

Whittingham, Sir Samford, general, his Spanish division, 163, 276; at combat of Albeyda, 282; at battle of Castalla, 293, 294; in the Tarragona expedition, 492.

Wimpffen, Louis, general, Spanish chief of the staff to Wellington, 201.

Xixona, plot to betray, 279.

Yanzi, combat of, 720-4.

Yecla, combat of, 286-7.

York, Frederick, Duke of, his relations with Wellington, 223; opposes Beresford’s claims to seniority, 228, 229; disapproves of Provisional Battalions, 232-4.

Yrurzun, combat of, 461.

Zadorra, the river, its importance in battle of Vittoria, 384; crossed by Kempt, 407; by Picton, 411; Reille’s defence along, 435.

Zamora, French garrison of, relieved by Foy, 11; occupied by Daricau, 327; occupied by Graham, 330.

THE CAMPAIGN OF VITTORIA May 22^nd.-June 21^st., 1813 Map to illustrate the positions of the armies at the commencement of hostilities and the subsequent marches of Wellington’s Columns.

FOOTNOTES