GLOSSARY.

A

Acuminate

applied to the apex of a leaf having a gradually diminishing point, 49.

Acute

applied to the apex of a leaf distinctly and sharply pointed but not drawn out, 53.

Adventitious roots

roots which do not arise from the radicle or its subdivisions, but from parts other than these, 7.

Aleurone layer

a special peripheral layer in the grain of grasses, consisting of cells filled with proteid granules, 18.

Amplexicaul

applied to the base of the leaf when it embraces the stem, 12.

Apiculate

said of the apex when it has a sharp, short point.

Appressed

lying flat for the whole length of the part or organ, 59.

Articulate

jointed, 45.

Auricle

outgrowth at the sides close to the ligular region, 11.

Awned

having an awn, that is, a bristle-like appendage, especially on the glumes of grasses.

B

Bifarious

disposed in two rows or ranks on the two sides, 49.

Binate

in pairs, 53.

Blade

the expanded portion of a leaf, 2, 10.

Bristles

stiff hairs, 45.

Bulbous based

having an inflated base, 66.

Bulliform cells

thin walled cells occurring, at intervals, on the epidermis of some grasses, 35.

Bundle sheath

sclerenchymatous cells or fibres found round the vascular bundles of the monocotyledonous type, such as those of grasses, 20.

C

Callus

the projecting part or an extension of the flowering glume below its point of insertion, 168.

Caryopsis

a one-celled, one-seeded, superior fruit in which the pericarp has fused with the seed-coat.

Chartaceous

papery, i.e., thin and somewhat rough, 47.

Ciliate

fringed with hairs, 54.

Ciliolate

very sparsely fringed with hairs, 70.

Clavate

club-shaped, 104.

Clavellate

thickened towards the apex, 252.

Coleorhiza

the sheath of a monocotyledonous embryo which is pierced by the radicle during germination, 18.

Collar

the white or colourless band at the base of the blade of a grass leaf just where it joins the sheath, 3.

Conduplicate

folded together lengthwise, 12.

Convolute

rolled round from one margin to the other, so that one margin is inside and the other outside, 12.

Coriaceous

leathery, 49.

Corymbosely

arranged in corymbs, i.e., flat-topped flower clusters, 56.

Crinite

bearded with weak, long hairs, 137.

Crisped

curled, 59.

Cuneate

wedge-shaped or triangular, 49.

Cuspidate

tipped with a small triangular piece at the apex, 70.

D

Decumbent

reclining but with the upper part ascending, 80.

Digitate

lingered, arranged at the end of the stalk, 51.

Dioecious

having the sexes separated on two distinct individuals, 45.

Distichous

two-ranked or two-rowed, 19.

E

Embryo

young plant contained in the seed, 18.

Endodermis

the innermost layer of the cortex abutting on and forming a sheathing layer round the stele, 32.

Exodermis

the layer or layers of thickened cells beneath the piliferous layer of roots, 32.

Extra vaginal

applied to shoots or branches that come out piercing the leaf sheath in grasses, 9.

F

Fascicle

a cluster or bundle, 95.

Filiform

thread shaped, slender and thin, 54.

Flexuous

bent alternately in opposite directions, 62.

Foveolate

marked with small pits, 180.

G

Geniculately

bent abruptly so as to resemble a knee-joint, 118.

Geminate

in pairs, 59.

Germ-sheath

a sheath enclosing the bud or the plumule in a grain, 18.

Gibbous

convex or rounded, 77.

Glabrescent

slightly hairy but becoming glabrous, 89.

Glabrous

quite smooth without hairs, 89.

Glaucous

covered with a bloom, 160.

Glume

the chaffy two-ranked members found in the inflorescence of grasses.

H

Hirsute

covered with fairly long distinct hairs, 90.

Hyaline

colourless or translucent, 51.

I

Imbricate

overlapping, 49.

Internode

portion of a stem between two nodes, 2.

Intravaginal

growing out from inside the sheath.

Involucel

a ring of bracts surrounding several spikelets, 120.

K

Keeled

having a ridge along the length, 59.

L

Lemma

the flowering glume of a grass, 15.

Ligule

the thin, scarious projection found at the top of the leaf sheath where it joins the blade in grasses, 3.

Lodicule

a small scale outside the stamens in the flower of grasses.

M

Membranous

thin and semi-transparent, 51.

Monoecious

stamens and pistils on separate flowers, but on the same individual, 144.

Motor cells

large thin-walled cells occurring in the epidermis of the leaves of some grasses, 35.

Mucronate

possessing a short and a straight point, 70.

N

Node

the part of the stem which has a leaf, or the knot in the grass stem, 2.

P

Palea

the inner glume in the spikelet of grasses, 4.

Pectinate

pinnatifid with narrow segments which are set close like the teeth of a comb, 162.

Pericycle

the outermost zone of cells of the stele immediately within the endodermis, 32.

Phloëm

the portion of the vascular bundle towards the cortex, 19.

Pileole

another name for germ-sheath, or the sheath covering the plumule in the grain, 18.

Piliferous

bearing hairs, 31.

Pistil

the female organ of a flower, consisting of the ovary, style and stigma, 16.

Plumose

feathered, 51.

Prophyllum

the first scale-like leaf of a branch found where it joins the main stem, 10.

Protandry (proterandry).

anthers ripening before the pistil in the same flower, 16.

Protogyny (proterogyny).

pistil ripening before the anthers in the same flower, 16.

Puberulous

slightly hairy, 62.

Pubescent

clothed with soft hair, 62.

Punctate

marked with dots, pits or glands, 63.

Pungent

ending in a rigid and sharp point, 59.

R

Raceme

a centrifugal or indeterminate inflorescence with stalked flowers, 13.

Rachilla

a secondary axis in the inflorescence of the grasses, the axis of the spikelet, 13.

Rachis

axis of an inflorescence, 13.

Retuse

with a shallow notch at the apex, 67.

Rhizome

root-stock or under ground stem prostrate on the ground, 5.

Rugulose

somewhat wrinkled, 90.

S

Scaberulous

slightly rough due to the presence of short hairs, 69.

Scabrid

somewhat rough, 75.

Scale

a reduced leaf, 10.

Sclerenchyma

elongated cells with pointed ends and much thickened cell-wall.

Scutellum

the single cotyledon found in connexion with the embryo in grass grains, 18.

Secund

directed to one side only, 47.

Serrate

beset with small teeth on the margin, 83.

Setose

beset with bristles, 102.

Sheath

the tubular lower part of a leaf in grasses, 2.

Spathaceous

having a large bract enclosing a flower cluster, 104.

Spiciform

spike-like, 13.

Spike

an inflorescence with sessile flowers on an elongated axis, the older flowers being lower down and the younger towards the top, 13.

Squarrose

rough with outstanding processes, 120.

Stipe

a short stalk of a gynæcium, 90.

Stipitate

having a short stalk, 62.

Stolon

any basal branch which is disposed to root, 5.

Striolate

marked with very fine longitudinal parallel lines, 49.

Sub-coriaceous

somewhat leathery, 47.

Subulate

finely pointed, 121.

T

Triquetrous

three-sided or edged, 47.

Truncate

as if cut off at the end, 60.

Tumid

swollen, 66.

Turbinate

cone-shaped or top shaped, 120.

X

Xylem

the wood elements of the vascular bundle lying next to the phloëm, 19.