Volume 2 — INDEX

aal-mutter, ii, 144

Abbott, i, 415, 419, 422; ii, 307, 534 on perch, ii, 307

abdominal fishes, ii, 39

Abdominales, i, 393; ii, 38, 39

Abeona, ii, 375

Abramis, ii, 167 figure of, ii, 168

Aboma, figure of, ii, 462

abundance of food-fish, i, 329

abura-ainame, ii, 440

abura-bodzu, ii, 323

aburazame, i, 524

Acantharchus, ii, 297

Acanthistius, ii, 323

Acanthobatis, i, 553

Acanthocephala, i, 344, 351

Acanthocepola, ii, 363

Acanthoclinidæ, ii, 516

Acanthoclinus, ii, 516

Acanthocybium, ii, 266

Acanthodei, i, 65, 437, 447, 513, 519, 545, 561 Dean on, i, 517 families of, i, 516 order of, i, 514 Woodward on, i, 514

Acanthoëssidæ, i, 515, 516

Acanthoëssus, i, 446, 510-513 figure of, i, 515 scales of, figured, i, 521

Acantholabrus, ii, 387

Acanthonemus, ii, 286

Acanthopteri, ii, 157

Acanthopterygian, ii, 39, 293

Acanthopterygii, i, 391; ii, 189, 208-214

Acanthostracion, i, 377

Acanthuridæ, i, 206; ii, 405, 407, 410, 411 family of, ii, 407

Acanthurus, i, 268, 271; ii, 407, 409

Acanus, ii, 330

Acara, ii, 381

Acentronura, ii, 236

Acerina, ii, 241, 309

Acentrophorus, ii, 23

Achirinæ, ii, 495

Achirus, figure of, ii, 496

Acipenser, i, 291, 332, 391, 452; ii, 18, 19, 20, 22 figure of, ii, 19, 20 larva of, figured, i, 141

Acipenseridæ, i, 290; ii, 18

Acipenseroidei, i, 382

Acraniata, i, 484

Acrocheilus, ii, 169

Acrogaster, ii, 252

Acrognathus, ii, 34

Acropoma, ii, 317

Acropomidæ, ii, 317

Acrotidæ, ii, 285

Acrotus, ii, 285

Actinistia, i, 602 order of, i, 604

Actinopteri, i, 451, 507, 599, 610; ii, 1, 2, 4, 5, 208

Actinopterygii, i, 462; ii, 1

Actinosts, ii, 1, 33

actinotrichia, i, 80

Adaptation of fishes, i, 177-225

adaptive radiation, law of, i, 296

adder-fish, ii, 501

Adelfisch, ii, 65

Adelochorda, i, 461

Adinia, ii, 199

adipose fin, i, 25

Ægæonichthys, ii, 549

Æoliscus, figure of, ii, 235

Ærolepis, ii, 14

Æthalion, ii, 41

Ætheospondyli, ii, 24, 29

Æthoprora, figure of, i, 188

Aëtobatis, i, 557 figure of, i, 558

African catfish, figure of, i, 457; ii, 185

Agassiz, A., i, 405

Agassiz, L., i, 419, 428, 614; ii, 1, 39, 183, 486 on dispersion, i, 284 on Embiotocidæ, ii, 378, 379 on embryology of garpike, ii, 31 on fish fauna of N. E., i, 302 on fossil fishes, i, 404 on ganoids, ii, 9 on high and low forms, i, 381 on Lepidosteus, ii, 5 on Onchus, i, 530 portrait of, i, 399 pupils of, i, 405 questions raised by, i, 284 sketch of, i, 404

Age of fishes, i, 144-146

agency of ocean currents, i, 243

Agnatha, i, 508

Agonidæ, i, 208; ii, 3, 185, 452, 453, 456 family of, ii, 449

Agonoid fish, figure of, i, 221; ii, 453

Agonostomus, ii, 107, 222

Agonus, i, 219; ii, 453

Agrammus, ii, 440

Ahl, i, 394

aholehole, ii, 304

air-bladder, i, 11 air-duct, i, 12 Aristotle on, 95 Borelli on, i, 95 of Carp, i, 93; ii, 159, 160 in Cœlacanthus, i, 604 defined, i, 92, 93 De Fosse on, i, 97 Delaroche on, i, 95 figure of, i, 93, 604 function of, i, 94 in ganoids, i, 101 gases in, i, 94 in Labyrinthici, i, 91 an organ of hearing, ii, 159 origin of, i, 98 position of, i, 35 Sörensen on, i, 97 Tower on, i, 95 use of, i, 12 wanting in sharks, i, 506 Weber on, i, 96

556akadai, ii, 344

Alaska blackfish, i, 51, 147, 290 figure of, i, 149; ii, 206

Alaska cod, ii, 536

Alaska grayling, figure of, i, 328; ii, 120

Alaskan rivers, fishes of, i, 304, 305

Albacore, i, 210; ii, 136 figure of, ii, 263 Goode on, ii, 263 long fin, ii, 263

Albatross, the i, 263, 408; ii, 60, 130, 138

Albatrossia, ii, 541

Albula, i, 142, 205; ii, 29, 46, 148 figure of, i, 147; ii, 44

Albulidæ, ii, 41, 44

Alburnus, ii, 167

Alcock, i, 244, 408; ii, 290

Aldrich, photograph by, i, 303

Aldrovandi, i, 388

Aldrovandia, figure of, ii, 138

Alectis, i, 202; ii, 276

aleihi, ii, 253

Alepisauridæ, i, 134

Alepocephalidæ, ii, 60

Alepocephalus, figure of, ii, 60

alewife, ii, 49 figure of, ii, 50

alfonsinos, ii, 251

alimentary canal, i, 31

alkaloid poisons, i, 182, 184, 185; ii, 411, 412

allantiasis, i, 183

alligator-fish, ii, 449, 453

alligator-gar, figure of, ii, 31

allmouth, ii, 545

Alopiidæ, family of, i, 536

Alosa, i, 204, 291; ii, 50

Alticus, figure of, i, 230; ii, 509

Alutera, i, 206; ii, 414, 415

amadai, ii, 363

Amanses, ii, 415 figure of, ii, 414

Amaræcium, i, 477

Ambassis, ii, 317

Ambassidæ, ii, 317

amber-fish, ii, 272 figure of, i, 458; ii, 273

amber-jack, ii, 274

Amblodon, i, 302

Ambloplites, figure of, ii, 299 skull of, figured, ii, 296

Amblyopsidæ, 290; ii, 204 family of, ii, 200

Amblyopsis, i, 220, 314 figure of, i, 221, 222; ii, 203

Amblypterus, ii, 14

Amblystoma, i, 78

Ameiurus, i, 283, 293, 310, 356; ii, 35, 183, 185, 186, 299 figure of, i, 344, 358; ii, 180, 181 parasites of, i, 344

American charr, ii, 110

American fishes, Goode on, i, 335

Amia, i, 33, 101, 102, 204, 291, 344, 391, 612, 623; ii, 8, 9, 11, 31, 33, 36, 41, 160 figure of, ii, 33, 35 lower jaw of, ii, 33 shoulder-girdle in, i, 86 tail of, i, 82

Amiatus, i, 394

Amiidæ, i, 290; ii, 4, 34, 35, 36

Amioidei, Lütken on, ii, 33

Amiopsis, ii, 36

Amitra, ii, 454

Ammocœtes, i, 142

Ammocrypta, ii, 306 figure of, i, 158; ii, 313

Ammodytes, ii, 224, 391, 514, 522 figure of, ii, 521

Ammodytidæ, ii, 215, 520, 521

Amphacanthi, suborder of, ii, 409

Ampheristus, ii, 436

Amphibia, i, 393, 600, 606

Amphibians, ii, 9 origin of, i, 600

Amphicœlian, i, 49

Amphiodon, i, 394

Amphioxides, i, 483

Amphioxus, i, 482, 495

Amphiplaga, ii, 243

Amphipnoidæ, 11, 141

Amphipnous, ii, 141

Amphiprion, ii, 384

Amphisile, ii, 235

Amphisticus, ii, 375

Amphistiidæ, family of, ii, 245, 247

Amphistium, ii, 485 figure of, ii, 247

Amyzon, ii, 175

Anabantidæ, ii, 215, 370 Gill on, i, 366

Anabas, i, 91, 103, 163 figure of, ii, 366

Anableps, i, 117, 391; ii, 131 eye of, ii, 194 figure of, i, 117 Marsh on, ii, 194 Nelson on, ii, 196

Anacanthini, i, 405; ii, 484, 485, 499, 501, 532, 533, 538 order of, ii, 532, 533

anadromous fishes, i, 291

anadromous salmon, ii, 68

anal fin, i, 10 in Embiotocidæ, i, 125 as intromittent organ, i, 124 in Pœciliidæ, i, 125 in sword-tail minnow, i, 124

analogy and homology, i, 368, 369 Coues on, i, 369

Anampses, ii, 390

Anarhichadidæ, ii, 517

Anarhichas, i, 208, 391; ii, 518 figure of, ii, 517 food of, ii, 518

Anarchias, ii, 153

Anarrhichthys, i, 208, 364; ii, 518 skull of, ii, 517

Anarthri, i, 509

Anarthrodira, i, 584, 585, 590

Anaspida, i, 573, 622 order of, i, 579

anatomy of tunicates, figure showing, i, 472

Anchovia, i, 199, 205 figure of, ii, 54

anchovy, figure of, ii, 54

anchovy, silvery, figure of, ii, 54

ancient outlet of Lake Bonneville, photograph of, i, 303

Ancylostylos, ii, 45

Andaman Islands, fishes of, i, 166

Andrews, i, 428

Anema, ii, 504

angel-fishes, i, 547, 549 figure of, ii, 401, 404

angler-fishes, i, 189, 206; ii, 542-553 carpels of, i, 51 figure of, i, 52 Gill on, ii, 543 habits of, ii, 543-545 Kent on, ii, 543

anglers, dorsal fin in, i, 202

angling, i, 336 Young on, i, 337-339

557Anguilla, i, 127, 162, 211; ii, 143 figure of, ii, 142, 148

Anguillidæ, i, 290; ii, 148 family of, ii, 142

angular, i, 606

Anisotremus, i, 271; ii, 341

Anomalopidæ, family of, ii, 317

anko, figure of, ii, 545

Anomalops, ii, 317

Anoplogaster, ii, 252

Anoplopoma, figure of, ii, 438

Anoplopomidæ, family of, ii, 438

Anoplus, i, 260; ii, 333

Antechinomys, ii, 471

Antennariidæ, i, 52; ii, 542, 549, 553 Aristotle on, ii, 546 deep-sea, ii, 548 Goode on, ii, 545 habits of, ii, 544-546 Hoffmann on, ii, 546 spawning of, ii, 546

Antennarius, i, 197, 206 figure of, ii, 550, 553

Anthias, ii, 328

Antiarcha, i, 573, 581, 590, 622 order of, i, 576

Antigonia, i, 262

Anyperodon, ii, 328

ao, ii, 274

Apeltes, figure of, ii, 232

Aphanopus, i, 210

Aphareus, figure of, ii, 339

Aphredoderidæ, i, 290; ii, 243, 294

Aphredoderus, ii, 204, 252, 291, 294, 296 figure of, ii, 295

Apia, coral reef of, figured, i, 234

Apichthys, ii, 278

Aplidiopsis, figure of, i, 479

Aploactis, i, 202

Aplodactylidæ, ii, 363

Aplodactylus, ii, 364

Aplodinotus, i, 291, 302; ii, 354, 357

Apocopodon, i, 558

Apodes, i, 393, 611; ii, 40, 139-158, 532 order of, ii, 141

Apodichthys, i, 227; ii, 512

Apogon, figure of, i, 455; ii, 316, 319

Apogonidæ, family of, ii, 316

Apomotis, i, 26, 310; ii, 301 figure of, i, 27; ii, 350

Apostasis, ii, 406

Apostolides, i, 412

Appendicularia, i, 466 Brooks on, i, 480

Appendiculariidæ, i, 474

Aprion, i, 325; ii, 338

Apsilus, ii, 338

aquatic worms, ii, 143

Aracana, ii, 417

Arapaima, ii, 11, 56

Arbaciosa, species of, ii, 531

Archæomænidæ, ii, 29

Archæus, ii, 278

Archencheli, suborder of, ii, 141, 142

archers, ii, 400

archicercal tail, i, 81, 83

archipterygium, i, 59-61, 68, 69, 73, 446, 459, 511, 512, 522, 598, 600, 601 Boulenger on, i, 79 Gegenbaur on, i, 60 Günther on, i, 60

archnoid membrane, i, 109

Archoplites, i, 179, 240; ii, 297 figure of, i, 258

Archosargus, i, 324; ii, 346 figure of, i, 31; ii, 347

Archoteuthis, ii, 410

Arctic codling, ii, 537

Arctic species, in lakes, i, 316 Loven on, i, 317 Malmgren on, i, 317 Smith on, i, 317

Arctoscopus, ii, 364

Argentina, i, 391

Argentinidæ, ii, 122, 124

Argidæ, ii, 185

Argyropelecus, figure of, i, 190; ii, 137

Argyrosomus, i, 315; ii, 62, 65, 67 figure of, ii, 66

Ariscopus, i, 257 figure of, ii, 504

Aristotle, ii, 146 on fishes of Greece, i, 387 on noises of fish, i, 95

Arius, ii, 178, 186

arm of frog, i, 601 figure of, i, 71

ama-ama, ii, 221

armado, i, 169

arnillo, ii, 338

Arnoglossus, ii, 488

arrow-toothed halibut, ii, 491

Artedi, i, 374, 390 on genera, i, 391

Artediellus, ii, 442

Artedius, ii, 442

Arthrodira, i, 573, 584, 585, 590, 612 Dean on, i, 581 Jækel on, i, 591

Arthrodires, i, 204, 241, 436, 437, 603, 622; ii, 3 classification of, i, 584 figure of, i, 445, 584 occurrence of, i, 583 relationships of, i, 588

Arthropteridæ, i, 553

Arthropterus, i, 553

Arthrognathi, i, 581, 584, 585, 589, 590 Dean on, i, 584

Arthrothoraci, i, 584, 586, 587

articular, i, 606

artificial impregnation, Jacobian method, i, 150

Ascanius, i, 396; ii, 472

Ascelichthys, ii, 449

Ascidia, figure of, i, 474

Ascidiacea, i, 474

ascidians, i, 460, 467 Kingsley on, i, 474 Ritter on, i, 474

Ascidiiæ, i, 474, 475

Ascidina, figure of, i, 475

Aseraggodes, ii, 496

Ashmead, on leprosy transmission, i, 186

Asineopidæ, ii, 243, 296, 317

Asineops, ii, 243, 317

Asmuss, i, 427

Aspasma, ii, 531 figure of, ii, 530

Aspidocephali, i, 568, 575

Aspidoganoidei, i, 568

Aspidophoroides, figure of, ii, 453

Aspidorhini, i, 568

Aspidorhynchidæ, ii, 24, 29

Aspidorhynchus, ii, 29

Aspius, ii, 175

Aspredo, ii, 184

Aspro, ii, 307, 310 figure of, ii, 309

aspron, ii, 309 figure of, ii, 310

Asterolepidæ, i, 576, 623

Asterolepis, i, 577, 591

558Asterospondyli, i, 447, 510, 513, 532 order of, i, 525

asterospondylous, i, 49

Asterosteidæ, i, 584, 585

Asterosteus, i, 585

Asterropteryx, i, 263

Astrodermiidæ, i, 551

Astrodermus, i, 551

Astrolabe, the, i, 408

Astrolytes, figure of, ii, 442

Astronesthidæ, ii, 128

Astrape, i, 554

Astroscopus, ii, 503 Gilbert on, i, 187 electric organs of, i, 187

Asymmetron, i, 483; ii, 467

Ateleaspis, i, 574

Atheresthes, i, 205; ii, 491

Atherina, i, 393; ii, 216

Atherinidæ, i, 290; ii, 215

Atherinops, ii, 218

Atherinopsis, figure of, ii, 218

Atherinosoma, ii, 218

Athlennes, ii, 211

Atka fish, figure of, i, 328; ii, 439

Atka mackerel, ii, 439

Atlantic creek, i, 308, 309

Atlantic oarfish, ii, 472

Atlantic salmon, ii, 89

attenuate, i, 19

Atthey, i, 426

Auchenopterus, ii, 508

atule, ii, 275

auditory ossicles, ii, 160

Aulichthys, ii, 233

Aulolepis, ii, 48

Aulopidæ, ii, 130, 132

Aulopus, i, 259; ii, 190

Aulorhamphus, ii, 406

Aulorhynchidæ, family of, ii, 232

Aulorhynchus, ii, 233

Aulostomidæ, family of, ii, 233

Aulostomus, ii, 233 figure of, ii, 234

Australia, ii, 363

Australian flying-fish, figure of, i, 341

Australian lung-fish, i, 100

autochthonous, i, 245

autostylic skull, i, 561; ii, 8

Auxis, ii, 262

awa, ii, 45, 221

awaawa, ii, 43

awaous, i, 254; ii, 465

aweoweo, ii, 333

Axinurus, ii, 409

axonasts, i, 604, 605; ii, 17

Ayres, i, 419, 428

ayu, i, 256; ii, 115, 117, 118 figure of, i, 321; ii, 116 fishing for figured, i, 333, 335

Azevia, i, 271; ii, 489

d'Azyr, i, 390

Azygostei, i, 581

azygous, i, 88

Baer, i, 428

Bagarius, ii, 186

bagonado, ii, 344

bagre, ii, 182

bagre de Rio, ii, 182

Bagrus, ii, 183

Baikal cods, ii, 455

Baird, i, 419; ii, 142 on bluefish, ii, 279-282 on eel migrations, ii, 142 portrait of, i, 407

Bairdiella, ii, 355 figure of, ii, 355

Bakker, i, 428

Balanoglossidæ, i, 465

Balanglossus, i, 461

Balanus, ii, 544

balaos, ii, 212

Balfour, i, 428, 511, 513; ii, 8 finfold theory, i, 69, 514 lateral-fold theory, i, 71-73 on paired fins, ii, 8 on sharks, i, 511

Balfour and Parker, on Lepidosteus, ii, 5

Balistapus, i, 181; ii, 413

Balistes, i, 206, 391, 611; ii, 22 figure of, i, 184; ii, 412

Balistidæ, ii, 413, 418 family of, ii, 412

Ballou, on eels, ii, 417

banded rockfish, figure of, ii, 432

banded sunfish, figure of, ii, 299

bandfishes, ii, 363

bandfishes, the crested, ii, 291

Banks, i, 395

barbels, i, 115; ii, 170 organs of touch, i, 122

barber-fish, ii, 328

barbero, ii, 408

barbudos, ii, 256

Barbulifer, ii, 462

Barbus, ii, 170, 175

Barkas, i, 426

Barneville, i, 412

Barracuda, ii, 34, 39, 215, 266, 317, 469

Barracuda, family of, ii, 222 figure of, ii, 223

Barramunda, i, 116, 614, 615 Günther on, i, 615

barreto, ii, 467

barriers, Alleghanies, i, 311 artificial dams, i, 300 Cape of Good Hope, i, 268 checks to movement, i, 240 crossing by fishes, i, 302 to dispersion, i, 297 Isthmus of Panama, i, 269 local, i, 298 mountain chains, i, 310 Rocky Mountains, i, 305 the Sierras, i, 310 silt-bearing streams, i, 301 species absent from, i, 239 temperature, i, 298 waterfalls, i, 300 watersheds, i, 205

basal bone, of dorsal fin, i, 49 figure of, i, 49, 56 of pectoral fin, i, 59

baseosts, ii, 17

basilar, i, 88

Basilevsky, i, 411

basking shark, i, 539 figure of, i, 540 largest of fishes, i, 539

bass, i, 4, 21, 47, 290, 323, 440; ii, 316-350 black, i, 303, 304 white, i, 321 yellow, i, 321

bassalian fishes, i, 245, 246; ii, 128

Bassani, i, 427

Bassozetus, figure of, i, 456

bastard halibut, ii, 489

Bateson, i, 463

batfish, ii, 402, 458 figure of, ii, 553 shoulder-girdle of, i, 88; ii, 551

Bathyclupeidæ, ii, 290

Bathygadus, ii, 541

Bathylagus, ii, 127

Bathymaster, ii, 502 figure of, ii, 503

Bathymasteridæ, ii, 502

Bathyonidæ, ii, 540

Bathyonus, ii, 540

Bathypteroidæ, ii, 130

Bathypterois, ii, 131

Batoidei, i, 519 suborder of, i, 549

Batrachians, i, 85, 87, 88

Batrachoides, i, 394; ii, 526

559Batrachoides, shoulder-girdle of, i, 59

Batrachoididæ, i, 182, 192; ii, 525, 529, 542

Batrachoids, ii, 529

Batrictius, i, 394

Bdellostoma, i, 490

Beagle, the, i, 408

Bean, i, 408, 419

Beardslee, ii, 101

Beardslee trout, ii, 101

Belemnobatis, i, 551

Bellotti, i, 412

bellows fish, ii, 545

Belon, on fishes of Mediterranean, i, 388

Belone, ii, 210, 211

Belonidæ, family of, ii, 210

Belonorhynchidæ, ii, 514

Belonorhynchus, ii, 17

Belostomus, ii, 29

Bembradidæ, ii, 441, 499

Bembras, ii, 441

Benecke, on spawning of eels, ii, 146

Beneden, i, 427

benimasu, ii, 72

Bennett, i, 408, 416

Bentenia, ii, 286

Benthosauridæ, ii, 130

Benthosaurus, ii, 131

Berg, i, 415 portrait of, i, 409

Berndt, opah taken by, ii, 244 photograph by, i, 323

Berycidæ, i, 206; ii, 294, 499 family of, ii, 251

Berycoidei, ii, 40, 245, 290, 484, 485 suborder of, ii, 250-257

Berycoid fishes, ii, 250 figure of, i, 439; ii, 253 Starks on, ii, 250

Berycoids, ii, 247

Berycopsis, ii, 285

Beryx, i, 259, 263, 438; ii, 249, 289 figure of, ii, 251

beshow, ii, 438

Betta, i, 163; ii, 370

biajaiba, ii, 336

Bianconi, i, 412

Bibron, i, 412

big-eye, ii, 333 figure of, ii, 332

big-eyed scad, ii, 275

Birkenia, i, 580 figure of, i, 579

Birkeniidæ, i, 579

bishop-fish, i, 361

bishop-fish, figure of, i, 361

Björnson, on fishing villages of Norway, i, 329

black angel, ii, 405

black angel-fish, figure of, ii, 403

black bass, i, 209; ii, 168, 301, 328 Hallock on, ii, 302 Henshall on, ii, 302 large-mouthed, ii, 304 small-mouthed, ii, 303

black bream, ii, 206

Black Current of Japan, sharks in, i, 536

black escolar, 338

black-fin snapper, ii, 336

blackfish, ii, 387

black grouper, ii, 323, 325

black-horse, ii, 173

Blackiston's line, relation to fishes, i, 257

black-jack, ii, 276

black nohu, figure of, i, 180; ii, 436 stinging spines of, i, 180

black-nosed dace, figure of, i, 342; ii, 164 parasites on, i, 342

black rockfish, ii, 429

black ruff, ii, 284

black sea-bass, ii, 329

black-sided darter, figure of, ii, 311

blacksmith, ii, 381

black-spotted sailor's choice, ii, 341

black-spotted trout, ii, 95

black swallower, figure of, i, 29; ii, 360

black tai, ii, 344

black will, ii, 328

black wrasse, ii, 387

Blainville, i, 400 on Palæoniscum, ii, 14

Blake, i, 60, 408

Blanchard, i, 412

blanquillos, ii, 361, 362

blastoderm, i, 135

blastomeres, i, 135

blastopore, i, 138

blastula, i, 131, 132

bleak, ii, 163, 167

Bleeker, i, 376, 412, 414

Bleekeria, ii, 521

Bleekeriidæ, ii, 522

Blenniidæ, i, 208, 276, 290; ii, 506-531

Blennioidea, ii, 470

Blennius, i, 208, 391; ii, 511, 513

Blennius, figure of, i, 508

blenny, i, 209, 230, 290, 429; ii, 507-531 figure of, ii, 509, 511 Japanese, i, 9; ii, 513 kelp, ii, 507 northern, ii, 511 sarcastic, ii, 507 snake, ii, 512

Blepsias, figure of, ii, 448

blind Brotula, figure of, i, 222

blind catfish, ii, 181

blind cavefish, figure of, i, 116; ii, 202

blindfish, i, 290; ii, 202, 524 descent of, ii, 202 Eigenmann on, i, 117; ii, 202 habits of, ii, 202 theories regarding origin, ii, 202

blindfish of Mammoth Cave, ii, 202, 203 Eigenmann on, i, 221, 222 figure of, i, 221

blind goby, ii, 467

blob, ii, 444

Bloch, i, 389, 397

Blochiidæ, ii, 514

Blochius, figure of, ii, 514

Blossom, the, i, 408

blue-back, ii, 71, 73-76

blue-back salmon, ii, 68, 69

blue-breasted darter, i, 231; ii, 314 figure of, i, 231

blue cod, ii, 440

bluefin, ii, 66

bluefin cisco, figure of, ii, 66

bluefish, ii, 278, 354 Baird on, i, 279-282 destructiveness of, ii, 281 figure of, i, 324; ii, 279 food of, ii, 280

bluegill, figure of, ii, 300

blue-green sunfish, i, 26 figure of, i, 27; ii, 350

blue parrot-fish, ii, 396 figure of, ii, 394 figure of jaws, ii, 393

blue sharks, i, 534, 542

blue smelt, figure of, ii, 218

blue-spotted guativere, ii, 324

blue surf-fish, ii, 375

blue tang, ii, 408 figure of, ii, 407

560Blyth, i, 396

boarfishes, ii, 135, 398

bobo, figure of, ii, 222

boccaccio, ii, 429

Bocage, i, 414

Bocourt, i, 412

Bodianus, i, 207, 271; ii, 388

boga, ii, 347, 348

Bogoslovius, ii, 541

Bohr, i, 97

Boleophthalmus, ii, 465 figure of, i, 118; ii, 466

Boleosoma, i, 302; ii, 313

Bollman, i, 420

Boltenia, i, 475

Bombay-duck, ii, 131

bonaci-arará, ii, 325

bonaci-cardenal, ii, 325

Bonaparte, i, 412

bones of the fish, actinosts, i, 42 alisphenoid, i, 38, 39, 40, 53 anal fin, i, 48 angular, i, 42, 43, 54 articular, i, 42, 43, 54 basibranchial, i, 46 basihyal, i, 42, 45 basioccipital, i, 36, 38, 39, 40, 53 basisphenoid, i, 36, 38, 39, 53 branchiostegals, i, 42, 45 carpals, i, 51 of anglers, i, 51 caudal fin, i, 48 caudal vertebræ, i, 48 ceratobranchial, i, 46 ceratohyal, i, 42, 45 clavicle, i, 42, 50, 52 figured, i, 52 coracoid, i, 50, 51 of cranium, i, 39 dentary, i, 42, 43, 54 dorsal fin, i, 48 epihyal, i, 42, 45 epibranchial, i, 46 epioccipital, i, 36 epiotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53 epipleurals, i, 48 ethmoid, i, 36, 37, 53 exoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53 frontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53 glossihyal, i, 42 hæmal spine, i, 48 hæmaphysis, i, 48 hyoid arch, i, 42 hyomandibular, i, 42, 44, 54 hypercoracoid, i, 42, 52 hypobranchial, i, 46 hypocoracoid, i, 42, 43, 52 hypural, i, 48, 49 infraclavicle, i, 51 interclavicle, i, 51 interhæmals, i, 49 interhyal, i, 42, 45 interneural, i, 48 interopercle, i, 42, 45, 54 interspinals, i, 49 isthmus, i, 45 maxillary, i, 41, 42 mesopterygoid, i, 41, 42 metapterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54 nasal, i, 42, 53 neural spine, i, 48 neuropophysis, i, 48 opercle, i, 42, 54 opisthotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 palatine, i, 41, 42, 54 parapophysis, i, 48 parietal, i, 36, 37, 39, 40, 53 parsasphenoid, i, 36, 38, 53 pectoral fin, i, 42 pelvic girdle, i, 42 pharyngeals, i, 46, 47 figure of, i, 47 lower, i, 46 suspensory, i, 46 upper, i, 46 postclavicle, i, 42, 51 figured, i, 52 postero-temporal, i, 50 post-temporal, i, 42, 52 prefrontal, i, 36, 37, 38, 53 premaxillary, i, 42 preopercle, i, 42, 54 preorbital, i, 41, 42 prootic, i, 36, 38, 53 proscapula, i, 50 pterotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 53 pterygials, i, 51 pterygoid, i, 41, 42, 54 quadrate, i, 42, 43, 54 ribs, i, 48 scapula, i, 50 shoulder-girdle, i, 42, 50, 51, 52 sphenotic, i, 36, 37, 38, 53 subopercle, i, 42, 54 suborbital, i, 42 supraclavicle, i, 42, 50 supraoccipital, i, 36, 37, 38, 53 suprascapula, i, 50 supratemporal, i, 42, 50 figured, i, 51 symplectic, i, 42, 54 urohyal, i, 42, 54 ventral fin, i, 42 vomer, i, 36, 37, 38, 53 zygapophysis, i, 48

bonito, ii, 264

bonnaterre, i, 397

bony fish, i, 204, 454, 506; ii, 37 classification of, ii, 38 development of, i, 135 figure of, ii, 438 specialized, figured, i, 456

bony scales, i, 21

Boops, i, 260, 267; ii, 348, 350

Borassus, ii, 367

Borelli, i, 390 on air-bladder, i, 95

Boreogadus, ii, 537

botolism, i, 183

Bothinæ, ii, 487

Bothriocephalus, i, 345

Bothriolepis, i, 577

Bothus, ii, 486

Botryllidæ, i, 476

Botryllus, i, 476; ii, 545 figure of, i, 477, 478, 479

bottle-nosed chimæra, eggs of, figured, i, 127

Bougainville, i, 395

Boulenger, i, 360, 364, 370, 414, 428, 513, 600, 601, 606, 608, 609; ii, 41, 48, 128, 129, 136, 138, 158, 190, 485, 502, 522, 551 on Archipterygium, i, 79 on Galaxias, ii, 205 catalogue of fishes, i, 402 on opahs, ii, 243 portrait of, i, 403 on vertebræ, i, 213 on zooid fishes, ii, 245

Bovichthyidæ, ii, 502

bowfin, i, 290, 440; ii, 33, 34 figure of, ii, 35 tail of, figured, i, 82

Bowring, on noises by fishes, i, 168

Brachydirus, i, 590

Brachyistius, ii, 375

Brachymystax, ii, 62, 67

brain, of chimæra, i, 410, 411 figures of, i, 110, 111 Günther on, i, 109 in hagfish, i, 112 of lamprey, i, 112 of perch, i, 111 of pike, i, 109 of primitive fishes, i, 112 reflex action of, i, 153 of shark, i, 110, 111

Brama, ii, 135, 286

561Bramidæ, ii, 291 family of, ii, 286

branch herring, ii, 49

branchial bones, i, 46

Branchiostegi, i, 391

Branchiostoma, i, 34, 35, 120, 383, 483 eggs of, i, 131 figure of, i, 484

Branchiostomidæ, i, 484

Brandt, i, 412

Branner, i, 415

Brayton, i, 420

bream, ii, 163, 167

Bregmaceros, ii, 524

Bregmacerotidæ, ii, 524

Brevoort, i, 416

Brevoortia, ii, 51 figure of, i, 340; ii, 51

brit, ii, 216, 217

broad-shad, ii, 347

broad-soles, ii, 495

Brongniart, i, 427, 428

brook lamprey, figure of, i, 120, 505 larva of, figured, i, 492 mouth of, figured, i, 492

Brooks, on Appendicularia, i, 480

brook trout, ii, 99, 107, 108, 110, 113, 115 figure of, ii, 111

Brosme, ii, 539

Brosmius, ii, 539

Brosmophycis, ii, 524

Brotula, figure of, ii, 524 blind, figured, ii, 524

Brotulidæ, i, 314; ii, 523, 533

Brotulids, ii, 39, 524

Broussonet, i, 396

Brown, i, 426

Browne, i, 389

brown tang, figure of, i, 181; ii, 408

Brünnich, i, 394

Bryactinus, i, 565

Brycon, figure of, ii, 162

Bryostemma, figure of, ii, 511, 514

Bryttosus, i, 256; ii, 297, 320

buccal cirri, i, 595

Buchanan, on hunting of Chaca, i, 170

Buckland, i, 423 on soles, ii, 497 on turbot roe, ii, 488

Bucklandium, ii, 186

budai, ii, 390

buffalo-cod, ii, 440

Buffalo Creek, i, 309

buffalo-fish, ii, 160, 172 figure of, ii, 173 shoulder-girdle of, i, 51

buffalo sculpin, figure of, ii, 443

bulbus arteriosus, ii, 10, 11

bullhead, i, 356

bullhead shark, figure of, i, 526

bumpers, ii, 276

Bunocephalidæ, ii, 184

burbot, i, 209; ii, 538 figure of, ii, 539

Bürger, i, 414

butter-fish, ii, 283, 284, 324, 512

butterfly fish, i, 440; ii, 381 figure of, i, 143; ii, 402

butterfly ray, i, 556

butterfly sculpin, figure of, i, 288

caballerote, ii, 335

cabezon, ii, 442

cabra mora, figure of, i, 20

cabrilla, ii, 324, 328, 329

cachucho, figure of, ii, 337

Cælorhynchus, figure of, ii, 541

Cæsio, ii, 342

cagon de le alto, ii, 337

cají, ii, 336

Calamoichthys, i, 76, 89, 608

Calamostoma, ii, 236

Calamus, i, 49, 238; ii, 344 figure of, ii, 345, 347

calico-bass, ii, 297

calico-salmon, ii, 72

California lancelet, figure of, i, 484

California miller's thumb, figure of, ii, 446

California hake, figure of, ii, 540

California pampano, ii, 283

California sucker, figure of, ii, 174

Callbreath, on running of salmon, ii, 86

Callechelys, ii, 150

Callichthyidæ, ii, 185

Callichthys, i, 290

calling the fishes, i, 167, 168 in Indian temples, i, 167 in basins of Tuileries, i, 167

Callionymidæ, ii, 506

Callionymus, i, 246, 257, 259, 263, 393, 500, 504

Callipterygidæ, ii, 501

Callipteryx, ii, 501

Calliurus, i, 302

Callorhynchus, i, 565, 566 egg of figured, i, 127

Callorhinus, ii, 537

Calotomus, ii, 390, 391

Camper, i, 389

Campostoma, ii, 164 figure of, i, 33; ii, 167

Campyloprion, i, 529

candil, ii, 255

candle-fish, ii, 124

Canestrini, i, 412

Canobius, ii, 14

Canthidermis, ii, 413

Canthigaster, i, 206

Cantor, i, 416 on fighting-fish, i, 163

Cape of Good Hope, as barrier, i, 269

capelin, figure of, ii, 126

capello, i, 414

capitaine, figure of, ii, 387

Capros, ii, 135, 398, 400

Caracanthidæ, ii, 438

Carangidæ, i, 144, 149, 210; ii, 15, 278, 470 family of, ii, 272

Carangopsis, ii, 278

Carangus, i, 169, 324; ii, 275, 276, 285

Carapidæ, ii, 522

Caraproctus, ii, 455

Carapus, ii, 520, 522

Carassius, ii, 171 figure of, i, 151

Caranx, ii, 245, 275, 470, 542

Carboniferous, fishes, i, 437 sharks, i, 224

Carcharias, i, 447, 534, 543; ii, 468 figure of, i, 542

Carchariidæ, i, 532, 534, 540, 542, 543

carcharioid sharks, i, 540

Carcharodon, i, 538

Carcharopsis, i, 522

cardenal, ii, 316

cardiform teeth, i, 29

cardinal fishes, the, ii, 316 figure of, i, 455; ii, 316, 319

cardinal vein, i, 108

Carencheli, ii, 140, 153, 155

caribe, Günther on, ii, 161

carnivorous fishes, i, 29

carp, i, 21, 53, 93, 290; ii, 162, 164 air-bladder of, figured, ii, 160 562native of China, ii, 170 domestication of, ii, 170

Carpiodes, i, 302 figure of, ii, 173

carp-sucker, figure of, ii, 173

carrying eggs in mouth, i, 170-173 by catfish, i, 170

casabe, ii, 276

Cassiquiare, Branner on, i, 307 crossing by fishes, i, 307

Castelnau, i, 415

Castour, i, 396

Castro, photograph by, ii, 522

catadromous fishes, i, 162, 291; ii, 143

Catalina flying-fish, figure of, ii, 214

catalineta, ii, 341

Catalogue, of Panama fishes, i, 272

catalufa de lo alto, figure of, ii, 289

catalufa, ii, 288, 333 figure of, ii, 331

Catesby, i, 389

catfish, i, 4, 20, 53, 119, 122,128, 169, 290, 440; ii, 159, 160, 177-187 African, ii, 185 channel, ii, 179 clavicle in, i, 87 Cope on, i, 180 descent from, ii, 186 destroyed by lampreys, i, 357 electric, ii, 183 electric, figured, i, 186 fossil, ii, 186 of India, ii, 184 Japanese, ii, 183 Old World, ii, 182 poison glands of, i, 180 poison spine of, i, 179 shoulder-girdle in, i, 86 spines of, i, 179 transfer to Sacramento, i, 310

Catopteridæ, ii, 16

Catopterus, ii, 16

Catostomidæ, i, 46, 290; ii, 172, 175 family of, ii, 171 figure of, i, 315

Catostomus, i, 198, 283, 302, 304, 316, 346; ii, 56 figure of, i, 348; ii, 171 pharyngeal teeth of, ii, 175

cat shark, i, 533

Catulus, i, 533

caudal fin, i, 10

caudal lancet, ii, 409

Caularchus, figure of, i, 198, 531

Caulolatilus, ii, 362

Caulolepis, ii, 252, 253

Caulophryne, figure of, i, 276, 548

causes of dispersion, i, 318

cavalla, ii, 266, 272-292

cavefish, ii, 201, 523, 524 Eigenmann on, ii, 524 figure of, i, 117

Cebedichthys, ii, 512

Centaurus, larva of figured, i, 143

centers of distribution, i, 244

Centrarchidæ, i, 209, 232, 290; ii, 304, 320, 327, 380 family of, ii, 297

Centrarchus, i, 302; ii, 297

Centriscidæ, ii, 227, 235 family of, ii, 234

Centriscus, i, 393; ii, 235

Centrogenys, ii, 320

Centrolepis, ii, 14

Centrolophiidæ, ii, 283

Centrolophius, i, 260; ii, 286

Centrophoroides, i, 546

Centrophorus, i, 546

Centropomidæ, ii, 319

Centropomus, i, 271, 273; ii, 309 figure of, i, 324; ii, 319

Centropristes, i, 136; ii, 328, 329 eggs of, figured, i, 135

Centroscymnus, i, 546

Centrolabrus, ii, 387

Cephalacanthidæ, i, 208 family of, ii, 458

Cephalacanthus, ii, 458 figure of, ii, 456

Cephalaspidæ, i, 576, 623

Cephalaspis, i, 444, 569, 571 figure of, i, 576, 577, 579

Cephalopholis, ii, 324, 325

Cephaloscyllium, i, 197

Cepola, i, 260, 264, 393; ii, 363

Cepolidæ, the, ii, 363

Ceratacanthus, ii, 414

Ceratias, figure of, ii, 548

Ceratiidæ, i, 276

Ceratobatis, i, 560

Ceratocottus, ii, 443

Ceratodontidæ, i, 600, 612 family of, i, 613

Ceratodus, i, 77, 85, 613-616

Ceratoscopelus, figure of, ii, 133

Ceratiidæ, ii, 547-549

Cerdale, i, 271

Cerdalidæ, ii, 516

cestodes, i, 344

Cestraciont shark, i, 526, 527, 530 Eastman on, i, 529 teeth, figured, i, 527

Cestraciontes, i, 438, 519, 566 Eastman on, i, 529 families of, i, 528 suborder of, i, 526 teeth of figured, i, 527, 529

Cetomimidæ, ii, 132

Cetomimus, figure of, ii, 132

Cetorhinus, figure of, i, 540

Cetorhinidæ, family of, i, 539

Cette, i, 396

Chaca, i, 170

Chacidæ, ii, 184

Chænobryttus, i, 302; ii, 300

Chætobranchus, ii, 381

Chætodipterus, figure of, i, 325, 401

Chætodon, i, 235, 242, 267, 391; ii, 400, 403, 405, 406 figure of, i, 143; ii, 402

Chætodontidæ, i, 206; ii, 245, 291, 381, 398, 402, 404, 405

Chætodonts, ii, 247

Chalacodus, i, 566

Challenger, the, ii, 60, 130

Champsodon, ii, 361

Champsodontidæ, ii, 361

Chanos, i, 205; ii, 221 figure of, ii, 45

Chanidæ, family of, ii, 44

Channa, figure of, ii, 370

channel bass, ii, 355

channel catfish, figure of, i, 280

channel-cats, the, ii, 179, 182

Channomuræna, ii, 153

Chanoides, ii, 44

Chapala Lake, fishes of, ii, 216

Characidæ, ii, 161, 162

Characin, i, 290

Characinidæ, i, 205, 290; ii, 381

Characins, ii, 61, 160-162, 186

Characodon, ii, 201

563characters, of Elasmobranchs, i, 507 of species, i, 292

Charitosomus, ii, 56

charr, ii, 67, 99, 107, 114, 122

Charlevoix, ii, 64

Chasmistes, i, 304, 316; ii, 172

Chasmodes, ii, 509

Chauliodontidæ, ii, 129

Chauliodus, figure of, ii, 129

Chaunax, ii, 551

Cheilio, ii, 390

Cheilinus, ii, 390

Cheilodipteridæ, family of, ii, 278

Cheilodipterus, ii, 278 figure of, ii, 279

Cheiracanthus, i, 517

Cheirodopsis, ii, 15

Cheirodus, ii, 14

Cheirolepis, ii, 14

Chelidonichthys, i, 260; ii, 456

Chelmo, ii, 404

Chelonichthyidæ, i, 586

Chelonopsis, ii, 425

Chonerhinus, ii, 419

cherna, ii, 324

chevron, ii, 89

chiasma, ii, 4

Chiasmodon, ii, 136 figure of, i, 29; ii, 360

Chiasmodontidæ, ii, 215, 360

Chilobranchidæ, ii, 141

Chilomycterus, figure of, ii, 423

Chiloscyllium, i, 56, 533 pectoral fin of, i, 66

Chimæra, i, 23, 35, 85, 204, 393, 435, 437, 448, 507, 509, 512-514, 545, 561-567, 595, 610 of California, i, 564 Dean on, i, 563 figure of, i, 449, 564, 565 Parker on, i, 563

Chimæridæ, family of, i, 564

Chimæroids, i, 224, 583

Chimæropsis, i, 566

China fish, snake-headed, ii, 371

Chinese whitebait, ii, 127, 128

chinook, ii, 69

chirivita, ii, 405

Chirocentridæ, ii, 46

Chirocentrus, ii, 46, 48

Chirolophis, ii, 512

Chiropterygium, i, 600, 605

Chirostoma, figure of, i, 329; ii, 217

Chirothricidæ, ii, 133

Chirothrix, figure of, ii, 46, 134

chisel-mouth, ii, 169

Chlamydoselachidæ, family of, i, 525

Chlamydoselachus, i, 361, 447, 448, 509, 521, 536 figure of, i, 523

Chlarias, i, 98, 290; ii, 186, 187 figure of, i, 457; ii, 185

Chlariidæ, ii, 184, 185

Chlevastes, ii, 150 figure of, i, 232

Chloropthalmus, i, 260; ii, 130

Chloroscombrus, ii, 276

chochouwo, ii, 403

chogset, ii, 387

Chologaster, i, 203, 204, 223 Eigenmann on, ii, 203 figure of, i, 116; ii, 201 Garman on, ii, 202 Hoppin on, ii, 203

Chondrenchelys, i, 521

Chondropterygians, i, 508

Chondropterygii, i, 391

Chondrostei, i, 623, 624; ii, 2, 5, 13 order of, ii, 17

Chondrosteidæ, ii, 17, 18

Chondrosteus, i, 622

Chonerhinidæ, ii, 419

Chopa, ii, 344, 350 figure of, ii, 349

Chordata, i, 460

Chordate animals, i, 460 lowest forms figured, i, 465

Chordates, i, 508, 584, 597; ii, 1

Chorisochismus, ii, 531

Chriodorus, ii, 212

Chromides, suborder of, ii, 380

Chromis, i, 166; ii, 381

Chrondrosteus, figure of, ii, 18

Chrosomus, i, 304; ii, 164, 167

chub, ii, 118, 147, 163 figure of, ii, 169 of Great Basin, ii, 169 of Pacific, ii, 169

chub of Great Basin, figure of, i, 287

chub-mackerel, i, 94

chub-sucker, i, 292 figure of, i, 315; ii, 172

chum, ii, 72

cichla, ii, 380

Cichlasoma, ii, 381

cichlid, i, 290

Cichlidæ, i, 209, 290; ii, 380, 381 organs of smell in, i, 115

cigar-fish, ii, 274

ciguatera, i, 182-185; ii, 335, 411, 413

Cimolichthys, ii, 133

Ciona, i, 481

Cirrhilabrus, ii, 390

Cirrhitidæ, the, ii, 363, 426

Cirrhitus, i, 271 figure of, ii, 364

Cirrostomi, i, 482, 595

cisco, ii, 65

Citharichthys, i, 274; ii, 489

Citharinus, ii, 162

Citula, i, 202; ii, 276

Cladistia, i, 602 order of, i, 605

Cladodontidæ, i, 520, 522

Cladodus, i, 65, 80, 437 pectoral fin of, i, 521 shoulder-girdle in, i, 521 teeth of, figured, i, 522

Cladoselache, i, 64, 66, 79, 80, 437, 446, 448, 510, 571, 573, 623 Dean on, i, 518 figure of, i, 65, 514, 515 primitive character of, i, 514 teeth of, figured, i, 515 ventral view of, i, 515

Cladoselachidæ, i, 514 family of, i, 523

clam-cracker, i, 556

Clark, on eulachon, ii, 125

Clarke, i, 416

claspers, i, 124, 125

classification, Coues on, i, 370 of Elasmobranchs, i, 509, 510 of fishes, i, 367-386 of instincts, i, 154 morphological, i, 371 natural, i, 370 terms used in, i, 462

Clastes, Eastman on, ii, 32

Clavellinidæ, i, 475

clavicle, figure of, i, 87 of sea catfish, i, 87

Claypole, i, 426 portrait of, i, 409

cleavages, i, 135

Clepticus, ii, 388

Clidoderma, ii, 494

Climatius, i, 446 figure of, i, 518

climbing-fish, ii, 367

564climbing-perch, figure of, ii, 366

clingfish, ii, 529 figure of, i, 198; ii, 531 Günther on, ii, 529, 530 sucking-disk in, i, 198

Clinocottus, ii, 448

Clinton, ii, 64

Clinus, i, 208; ii, 507, 511, 513, 516

Cloquet, i, 397

Cloudy Bay cod, ii, 520

Clupanodon, ii, 53

Clupea, i, 204, 329, 391 figure of, i, 331, ii, 49

Clupeidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, 49, 52, 53

clupeiform, ii, 11

clupeoid, ii, 10

Clupeidea, the, ii, 41

coalfish, i, 209; ii; 438, 537

Coal measures, fishes of, i, 223 teeth found in, i, 65

Costa, i, 412

coast lines, effect on distribution, i, 248

cobbler-fish, ii, 276

cobia, ii, 282

Cobitidæ, ii, 175, 185

Cobitis, i, 391; ii, 176

Cobitopsidæ, family of, ii, 224

Cobitopsis, figure of, ii, 224

Coccoderma, i, 605

Coccosteans, i, 581

Coccosteidæ, i, 622, 623, 584, 586

Coccosteus, i, 583, 584, 587, 590, 593, 596, 623 figure of, i, 582

cochino, ii, 413

Cochliodontidæ, i, 530 family of, i, 531

Cochliodus, lower jaw figured, i, 531

cock-and-hen paddle, ii, 453

cock-of-palace-under-sea, ii, 472

cockeye pilot, figure of, ii, 382

Coccolepis, ii, 14

cod, ii, 51

codfish, i, 122, 128, 290; ii, 481, 501, 532, 533 figure of, i, 331; ii, 535 Gill on, ii, 534 Goode on, ii, 534 pectoral fin of, i, 66 reproduction of, ii, 535 Sars on, ii, 535

codling, ii, 538

Cœlacanthidæ, i, 605

Cœlacanthus, figure of, i, 604

Cœlolepia, i, 573

Cœlodus, ii, 22

Cœlolepidæ, i, 573

coho, ii, 72

collection of fishes, i, 429-434 by explosives, i, 430 by poison, i, 430 tackle for, i, 430

Collett, i, 408, 427 portrait of, i, 403

Collie, i, 564

Collins, on catastrophe to tilefishes, ii, 362 on halibut, ii, 490

Cololabis, ii, 212

Colocephali, ii, 140-142, 153 suborder of, ii, 152

Colomesus, ii, 421

Colorado trout, figure of, ii, 106

colors of fishes, i, 226-236 of coral-fishes, i, 235 fading of, in spirits, i, 235 intensity of, i, 232 nuptial, i, 230 protective, i, 226-229 sexual, i, 230 variation of, i, 235

Columbia, figure of, ii, 242

Comephoridæ, the, ii, 455

Comephorus, ii, 524

Commerson, i, 395

commissure, i, 112

common eel, figure of, ii, 143

common skate, figure of, i, 552

common sucker, figure of, ii, 174

common sunfish, figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301

conceptions of genus, i, 375

Conchopona, i, 613

conclusions, of Cope on dispersion, i, 286 of Evermann, i, 274 of Hill, 277-279 as to Isthmus of Suez, i, 269 of Jenkins, i, 274

conger eels, ii, 149, 151 figure of, ii, 150

Congiopodidæ, ii, 436

Congiopus, ii, 436

Congo River, fishes from, i, 78, 607

Congriopus, ii, 514

Congrogadidæ, ii, 519

Connoly, on calling fishes, i, 168

Conocara, ii, 60

Conodontes, i, 487 figure of, i, 488

Conorhynchus, i, 128

constantino, ii, 320

Cooper, i, 419 on long-jawed goby, ii, 463

Cope, i, 84, 311, 419, 428, 512, 602; ii, 1, 4, 13, 24, 35, 56, 159 on classification, i, 406 conclusions of, 286 on dispersion, i, 286, 287 on eels, ii, 139 on fossil forms, ii, 32 on isocercal tail, i, 84 on ostracophores, ii, 569 portrait of, i, 407 sketch of, i, 406

Copeland, i, 420 portrait of, i, 421

Copelandellus, ii, 315

Coquille, i, 408

coracoid, i, 88, 90

coraco-scapular, i, 87

coral reefs, at Apia, figured, i, 234 fishes of, i, 235, 297 fish life in, i, 215

Corax, teeth of, figured, i, 543

Coregoni, ii, 67

Coregonus, i, 291, 305, 316, 322, 391; ii, 62, 65, 439 figure of, i, 321; ii, 63

Coreoperca, ii, 320

Coris, ii, 390

cormorant-fishing, ii, 116-119 illustrations of, i, 333, 335

cornet-fishes, ii, 390 family of, ii, 233

Cornide, i, 396

coronado, ii, 274

corpus vestiforme, i, 112

corsair, ii, 430

Corvula, ii, 355

Corynolophus, i, 189; ii, 549 figure of, i, 188 luminous bulb in, i, 188

Coryphæna, i, 210, 391 figure of, ii, 287

Coryphænidæ, family of, ii, 286

Coryphænoides, figure of, i, 83; ii, 541 leptocercal, tail of, i, 83

Coryphopterus, ii, 462

Corythroichthys, ii, 236

Costa, i, 412

565Cottidæ, i, 208, 290; ii, 363, 442, 449, 453, 455, 501, 504, 525 family of, i, 441 fossil forms, i, 449

Cottocomephorus, ii, 525

Cottogaster, i, 300

Cottunculus, i, 219; ii, 441, 447, 449

Cottus, i, 169, 219, 312, 391; ii, 443, 445, 449 figure of, ii, 444, 445, 446

Couch, i, 410 on fighting-fish, i, 165 on skippers, ii, 21

Coues, on classification, i, 368 on meaning of species, i, 379 on synonymy, i, 374

cowfish, figure of, i, 373; ii, 416 skeleton of figured, i, 215; ii, 418

cow's tongue, ii, 497

crab-eater, ii, 282

Cragin, i, 171

craig-fluke, ii, 494

Cramer, i, 408, 420, 422

cramp-fishes, i, 554

cranial nerves, figure of, i, 111

Craniomi, suborder of, ii, 456

Craniotes, i, 588

cranium, bones of, i, 36-39 inferior view, i, 38 lateral view, i, 36 posterior view, i, 40 of Roccus, figured, i, 36-39 of Sebastolobus, i, 53 superior view, i, 37

crappie, ii, 168, 297 figure of, ii, 297 photograph of, ii, 298

Cratinus, i, 271

cravo, ii, 244

crawl-a-bottom, ii, 312

crayfish, ii, 147

creek fish, figure of, i, 315; ii, 172

Crenilabrus, i, 207, 260, 267; ii, 387

creole-fish, ii, 328, 329

Crescent lake trout, ii, 101

Cricodus, i, 603

Cristiceps, i, 208; ii, 508, 513

Cristivomer, i, 291; ii, 62, 115 figure of, ii, 114

croaker, ii, 353, 355

Cromeriidæ, ii, 56

cross-bow shooter, ii, 413

Crossognathidæ, ii, 215, 521 family of, ii, 224

Crossopholis, ii, 21

Crossopterygians, i, 78, 79, 89, 91, 204, 436, 457, 511-515, 591, 602, 623, 624; ii, 38 figure of, i, 451 fins of, i, 601

Crossopterygii, i, 382, 462, 599, 600, 601, 608

crustacean parasites, i, 340

Cryptacanthididæ, ii, 516

Cryptacanthodes, figure of, i, 516

Cryptocentrus, i, 264; ii, 462

Cryptopsaras, figure of, ii, 547

Cryptotomus, figure of, ii, 391

crystal darter, figure of, ii, 313

crystal goby, ii, 466

Crystallias, figure of, i, 218; ii, 454

Crystallogobius, ii, 466

Ctenochætus, ii, 409

Ctenodentex, ii, 340

Ctenodipterini, order of, i, 612

Ctenodontidæ, i, 613

Ctenodus, i, 613

ctenoid scales, i, 20, 21; ii, 39

Ctenoidei, ii, 39, 209

Ctenolabrus, ii, 387

Ctenolates, ii, 320

Ctenoptychius, i, 555

Ctenothrissa, figure of, ii, 48

Ctenothrissidæ, figure of, ii, 48

cuatro ojos, ii, 194

Cuban fishes, i, 314

cubero, ii, 335

cuboid, i, 19

cub-shark, figure of, i, 542

cuckold, ii, 417 figure of, i, 373; ii, 416

cucugo, ii, 413

cultus cod, ii, 442 figure of, ii, 440

Cunias, i, 541

cunner, ii, 387

Cunningham, on eye of flounder, i, 176

Curimatus, ii, 162

cusk-eel, i, 187, 314; ii, 539 figure of, ii, 520

cutlass-fishes, i, 149, 210; ii, 267 figure of, ii, 268 species of, ii, 472

cutthroat trout, ii, 95-97, 102, 104, 106

Cuvier, i, 103, 105, 400, 404, 428; ii, 39, 307 Günther on, i, 400 Lyman on, i, 401 portrait of, i, 399

Cycleptus, ii, 173

Cycliæ, i, 204, 437, 462, 592, 593 subclass of, i, 591

Cyclobatis, i, 557

Cycloganoidei, ii, 34

cycloid scales, i, 20, 22; ii, 39

Cycloidei, ii, 39

Cyclopterichthys, ii, 454

Cyclopteridæ, i, 198, 208 family of, ii, 453

Cyclopterus, i, 391; ii, 453, 455 figure of, i, 220; ii, 454

Cyclospondyli, i, 510, 543 order of, i, 545

cyclospondylous, i, 49

cyclospondylous sharks, i, 549

Cyclostomata, i, 593

Cyclostomes, i, 113, 443, 486-505, 570, 596, 592, 617 extinct forms, i, 487

Cyclostomi, i, 462, 584

Cyclothone, ii, 129

Cyclurus, ii, 36

Cymatogaster, ii, 376 figure of, i, 125; ii, 372

Cymolutes, ii, 390

Cymothoa, i, 340

Cynoglossinæ, ii, 497

Cynoglossus, ii, 497

Cynoscion, i, 94, 324; ii, 107 figure of, ii, 353

Cynthia, figure of, i, 476

Cynthiidæ, i, 475

Cyprinidæ, i, 33, 46, 205, 230, 251, 285, 287, 290, 406; ii, 65, 161, 162, 164-171 fossil forms, ii, 174 species of, ii, 165

Cyprinodon, ii, 198, 201 figure of, ii, 196

Cyprinodontes, ii, 194

Cyprinodontidæ, i, 290

Cyprinus, i, 391; ii, 170, 174

Cypselurus, ii, 213 figure of, i, 157, 440

Cyrthaspis, i, 575

Cyttoides, ii, 249

Cyttus, ii, 249

566dabonawa, i, 430

dace, i, 251; ii, 118, 162, 166, 168

Dactylagnus, ii, 506

Dactyloscopidæ, ii, 506

Dactyloscopus, ii, 506

daddy sculpin, ii, 445

Dalatias, i, 546

Dalatiidæ, i, 548

Daldorf, on capture of Anabas, i, 163 on climbing-fish, ii, 367

Dale, ii, 539

Dallia, i, 51 figure of, i, 149; ii, 206

Dalliidæ, i, 290; ii, 206

Damalichthys, figure of, ii, 374

damsel-fish, ii, 381 figure of, ii, 382

Dapediidæ, ii, 25

Dapedium, figure of, ii, 25

Dapedoglossus, ii, 56

darters, i, 209, 231, 300, 304; ii, 166, 306, 310-315

darter goby, figure of, ii, 462

Darwin, i, 408 on noises of catfish, i, 168

daruma-okose, ii, 436

Dasyatidæ, family of, i, 555

Dasyatis, figure of, i, 247, 556

Dasyscopelus, ii, 133

Davis, H. S., ii, 81, 84 on chinook salmon, ii, 85

Davis, J. W., i, 426 on fossil teeth, i, 525

Dawson, i, 427, 594

Day, i, 416; ii, 90, 92, 95 on calling fishes, i, 168 on electric eel, i, 170 on grayling, ii, 121 on Labyrinthici, ii, 365 on sole, ii, 496, 497

day chub, head of, figured, ii, 167

dealfish, ii, 477, 480 figure of, ii, 478

Dean, i, 512, 591, 594, 595 on Acanthodei, i, 517, 518 on Arthrodira, i, 518, 588 on Chimæras, i, 563 on fin migration, i, 75 on fossil forms, i, 422 on lateral line, i, 23 on lung-fish, i, 618 on Ostracophores, i, 571 portrait of, i, 417 on sharks, i, 511, 531 on Teleosts, i, 135

Deania, i, 546

deathfish, i, 183

Death Valley fish, figure of, ii, 199

Decapterus, ii, 274

decurrent flounder, figure of, i, 441

deep-sea angler, figure of, ii, 548

deep-sea Chimæra, figure of, i, 449

deep-sea fishes, i, 246, 247, 408; ii, 129

degenerate fishes, i, 210, 211, 216, 218

degeneration, of eye, i, 220 in fishes, i, 54 in lamprey, i, 217 of structure, i, 216 in tunicates, i, 480

Delaroche, i, 95

Dekay, i, 418

Delfin, on hagfishes, i, 489

Deltistes, ii, 172

Deltodus, i, 531

Dendrodus, i, 603

dentary, i, 606

Dentex, i, 94; ii, 338, 340

Dercetes, ii, 136

Dercetidæ, ii, 136, 137, 158

Derepodichthyidæ, ii, 520

Derichthyidæ, ii, 155

Derichthys, ii, 153 figure of, ii, 156

Dermopteri, i, 486

Desmarest, i, 396

development, i, 217 of bony fishes, i, 135 Dean on, i, 135 embryonic, i, 133 of flounders, i, 144 heredity in, i, 134 of horsehead-fish, i, 148 of paired fins, i, 66

devil ray, figure of, i, 559

De Vis, i, 416

Devonian, fishes, i, 436 lamprey, i, 563 sharks from, i, 65

Diabasis, i, 375

diablo, ii, 552

Dialarchus, ii, 448

Dialommus, i, 117

diamond, fishes, ii, 398 flounder, ii, 493 snapper, ii, 337

Diaphus, ii, 133 figure of, ii, 132

Dibothrium, 345 figure of, ii, 103

Dibranchus, i, 207; ii, 552

Dicentrodus, i, 522

Dicentrarchus, i, 324; ii, 321, 330

dichotomous rays, i, 596

Dicranodus, i, 521

Dictyorhabdidæ, i, 565

Dictyorhabdus, i, 435, 565, 578

Dictyopyge, ii, 16

Dictyopygidæ, ii, 14

Dictyosoma, 512

Didemnidæ, i, 477

Didymaspis, i, 576

Didymodus, i, 521, 525

Dinematichthys, ii, 524

Dinichthyidæ, i, 587

Dinichthys, i, 587, 589 figure of, i, 445, 584 jaws of figured, i, 583

Diodon, i, 273, 393, 394 figure of, i, 17; ii, 422

Diodontidæ, family of, ii, 422

diœcious fishes, i, 124

diphycercal tail, i, 49, 81, 83, 84, 507, 513, 516, 598 Boulenger on, i, 84 Dollo on, i, 84

Diplacanthidæ, i, 517, 518

Diplacanthus, figure of, i, 517

Diplectrum, ii, 329

Diplesion, figure of, i, 247; ii, 312

Diplodus, ii, 347 figure of, ii, 346

Diplognathus, i, 584, 589

Diplomystes, ii, 178

Diplomystidæ, ii, 178

Diplomystus, figure of, i, 205, 453; ii, 52

Diploneumoni, i, 612, 619

Diploprion, ii, 327

Diplopterus, i, 82, 604

Diplospondyli, i, 509, 523

Diplurus, i, 605

Dipneusti, i, 405, 462, 582, 599, 601, 605, 607, 622, 624; ii, 4 relationship of, i, 609, 610 subclass of, i, 609-622

Dipnoans, i, 436, 512, 572, 582, 583; ii, 3, 8 air-bladder in, i, 101 classification of, i, 612 ear sac in, i, 120 figure of, i, 449 pectoral fin in, i, 60 shoulder-girdle in, i, 86, 88

567Dipnoi, i, 77, 85, 89, 382

Diptera, ii, 306

Dipteridæ, i, 612

Dipterus, i, 612 figure of, i, 437, 449

Discobatis, i, 553

Discocephali, ii, 459-480 Gill on, ii, 470 suborder of, ii, 468

diseases of fishes, i, 340-358 contagious, i, 340 parasitic, i, 342 remedies for, i, 342

Dismal Swamp fish, figure of, i, 116; ii, 201

dispersion of fishes, Agassiz on, i, 284 barriers to, i, 297, 310, 311 causes of, i, 318 Cope on, i, 286 by floods, i, 301 of fresh-water fishes, 282-296 of river fishes, 297-319

dissection of the fish, i, 26-33

Distomidæ, i, 477

distribution of fishes, affected by coast line, i, 247, 261 agency of currents in, i, 242 centers of, i, 243 determined by temperature, i, 241 of fresh-water forms, i, 249 general laws of, i, 238 of marine forms, i, 245 Panama, barrier to, i, 266 of shore fishes, i, 263-265 Suez, barrier to, i, 266 zones of, i, 249, 251, 252

Ditrema, ii, 375

Dittodus, i, 521, 525

doctor-fish, ii, 408

Döderlein, i, 411, 416

dogfishes, i, 519 figure of, i, 545

dogoro, ii, 381

dog salmon, ii, 71-73, 80, 81

dog snapper, ii, 336

Dolichoglossus, i, 463

Doliolum, i, 479

dollar-fish, ii, 283

Dollo, i, 415, 427, 600, 601; ii, 502 portrait of, i, 413 on tail forms, i, 84

Dolloa, ii, 541

Dolly Varden trout, i, 305; ii, 112, 113 figure of, i, 327; ii, 114

dolphins, i, 210; ii, 286, 362 figure of, ii, 287

Doncella, figure of, i, 297; ii, 180, 396

Donovan, i, 410

dorados, ii, 286 figure of, ii, 287

Doras, ii, 183

Doratonotus, ii, 388

Dormeur, figure of, ii, 460

Dormitator, figure of, ii, 461

dorsal fin, i, 10, 603 figured, i, 49

Dorosoma, i, 32, 300 figure of, ii, 53

Dorosomatidæ, ii, 53

Dorosomidæ, i, 290

Doryichthys, ii, 236

Dorypteridæ, ii, 14-16

Dorypterus, ii, 15, 16

Draciscus, figure of, ii, 452

Draconetta, ii, 506

Draconettidæ, ii, 506

dragonets, i, 246; ii, 504

drawing net at Milo, photograph of, i, 281

Drepane, ii, 401

Drepanaspidæ, i, 574

Drepanaspis, i, 570 figure of, i, 574

Drepanidæ, ii, 401

Drepaniodus, i, 488

drum, i, 290 figure of, ii, 358

duck-billed eels, ii, 150, 151

Ductor, ii, 278

ducts, i, 28

ductus cholidechus, i, 32

Dufosse, on air-bladder, i, 97

Dugès, i, 90, 420

Dugunonutatatori, ii, 472

Duméril, i, 398, 401

duodenum, i, 32

Dussumieriidæ, ii, 52

Dussumieria, ii, 52

Duverncy, i, 390

Duymæria, i, 260; ii, 390

dwarf, herring, ii, 54 perch, ii, 306 salmon, ii, 117 sunfish, ii, 467

Dybowsky, i, 411

Dynatobatis, i, 553

Dysommidæ, ii, 150

Dytiscus, ii, 144

eagle ray, figure of, i, 558

early writers on fishes, i, 272, 422, 423

earliest sharks, i, 436, 443

ear of fish, i, 119-121

ear sac, i, 119, 120

ear stones, i, 119

earthquakes, fatal to fishes, i, 356; ii, 137

Eastman, i, 427, 428 on Cestraciont shark, i, 529 on Clastes, ii, 32 on Neoceratodus, i, 619 portrait of, i, 425 on teeth of Edestus, i, 530

Ebisu, the god of fishes, ii, 344 figure of, ii, 343

Ebisus, ii, 323

Echeneididæ, ii, 468, 470

Echeneis, i, 391; ii, 468, 470, 471

Echidna, i, 211; ii, 152, 153

Echidnocephalus, ii, 138

Echinorhinidæ, family of, i, 547

Echinorhinus, i, 547

Echiodon, i, 84

economic fishes, i, 333

ectoblast, i, 152

ectocoracoid, i, 87

ectoderm, i, 139

ectopterygoid, i, 606

Edaphodon, i, 565

Edestus, teeth of, figured, i, 529

eel-back flounder, figure of, ii, 494

eel-fairs, ii, 142

eel-like fishes, ii, 137-158

eel-mother, ii, 144

eel-pouts, figure of, ii, 518, 519

eels, i, 21, 210, 217, 268, 290; ii, 40, 44, 147, 153, 157 Cope on, ii, 139 Günther on, ii, 141 larva of, figured, ii, 148 migration of, ii, 142 reproduction of, ii, 143 species of, ii, 148 shoulder-girdle in, ii, 142 Woodward on, ii, 140

effects on distribution, of shore line, i, 262 of temperature, i, 149

Egerton, i, 423

Egertonia, ii, 396

eggs of fish, artificial impregnation of, i, 150 of bottle-nosed chimæra, i, 127 care of, i, 128 carrying of, i, 128, 171 of Embiotocidæ, i, 127 embryo of, i, 128 568fertilization of, i, 125 figures of, i, 127 germ disk in, i, 135 hatching of, i, 125 of herring, i, 125 month incubation of, i, 170, 171 transportation of, i, 171

Eichwald, i, 411, 427

Eigenmann, i, 415, 420; ii, 147, 148, 376 on blind fishes, i, 117, 221, 222; ii, 202, 523 on Nematognathi, ii, 178 photograph by, i, 222 portrait of, i, 417

Eigenmannia, ii, 187

eighteen-spined sculpin, figure of, ii, 447

Ekström, i, 410

Elacate, ii, 282, 470, 471

Elagatis, ii, 274

Elanura, figure of, ii, 444

Elasmobranchiates, i, 384

Elasmobranchii, i, 462, 507, 584; ii, 7

Elasmobranchs, i, 92, 102, 204, 506-522, 571, 583, 588, 589 characters of, i, 506-508 classification of, i, 507-510 ear sac in, i, 120 geological distribution of, i, 459 notochord in, i, 57 subclass of, i, 507

Elassoma, i, 290; ii, 296, 307, 467 figure of, ii, 295

Elassomidæ, i, 290; ii, 296 family of, ii, 295

elastic spring, i, 96

Elater, i, 582

electric catfish, figure of, ii, 183

electric cells, i, 553

electric eel, i, 186; ii, 140 Day on, i, 170

electric organs, i, 25, 186, 187

electrophores, ii, 187, 188

Electrophoridæ, ii, 187

Electrophorus, i, 170, 186

Eleotrids, ii, 460

Eleotris, i, 254 figure of, ii, 460

Elera, i, 414

Eleginus, ii, 537

elephant sharks, i, 540 figure of, i, 565

Elliott, on trout, ii, 105

Elonichthys, ii, 14

Elopidæ, i, 43; ii, 35, 41-44

Elopopsis, ii, 43

Elops, i, 205, 393; ii, 43, 221 figure of, i, 454; ii, 42

Embiotoca, i, 404

Embiotocidæ, i, 207, 290; ii, 373 Agassiz on, i, 377-379 anal fin in, i, 125 viviparity of, i, 376, 377

Emblemaria, figure of, ii, 510

embryo, i, 136, 138, 139

embryology and growth, i, 131-151

Embolichthys, ii, 522 figure of, ii, 521

emerald-fish, ii, 462

Emery, i, 412; ii, 480, 481

Emmelichthys, i, 262; ii, 346, 347

Emmydrichthys, figure of, i, 180; ii, 436

Empetrichthys, figure of, ii, 199

Empo, ii, 137

Enantioliparis, ii, 455

Enchelurus, ii, 138

Enchelycephali, ii, 140, 141, 147, 152 suborder of, ii, 142

Enchelynassa, ii, 153

Enchelyopus, figure of, ii, 539

Enchodontidæ, ii, 136, 137

Enchodus, ii, 136

Endoskeleton, i, 439

Enedrias, ii, 512

Engraulididæ, ii, 54

Engraulis, i, 205; ii, 54

Enneacanthus, ii, 301

Enophrys, figure of, ii, 443

Enoplosidæ, ii, 317

Enoplosus, i, 268; ii, 317

Enteropneusta, i, 457, 461, 462 classification of, i, 464

entoderm, i, 138

Entosphenus, i, 490

entozoa, i, 348

Eocottus, ii, 449

Eomyrus, ii, 150

Eopsetta, i, 205; 491

Eothynnus, ii, 266

Epelasmia, ii, 397, 398

Eperlanus, ii, 123

Ephippidæ, ii, 400

Ephippus, i, 268; ii, 400

epiblast, ii, 5

Epigonichthys, i, 483

Epigonus, ii, 317

Epinephelus, i, 19; ii, 323, 330 figure of, i, 20; ii, 324-326, 328

Epiphysis, i, 112 figure of, i, 111

Eptatretidæ, i, 489

Eptatretus, i, 490 figure of, i, 198

equatorial fishes, specialization of, i, 248

equatorial zone, i, 251

Eques, ii, 357

Equula, ii, 287

Erebus, i, 408

Ereunias, figure of, ii, 450

Ereuniidæ, ii, 449

Ericymba, figure of, ii, 165

Erimyzon, i, 292; ii, 175 figure of, i, 315; ii, 172

Eriptychius, i, 435, 603, 578

Erisichthe, ii, 34

Erismatopteridæ, ii, 242, 296

Erismatopterus, ii, 243 figure of, ii, 242

Ernogrammus, ii, 513

Erosa, ii, 436

Erpetichthys, i, 204

Erpetoichthys, i, 450 figure of, i, 608

Erpichthys, i, 608; ii, 510

Erythrichthys, ii, 347

Erythrinidæ, ii, 162

Erythrinus, ii, 160

escolars, ii, 267, 317

Esmarck, i, 410

Esmeralda, ii, 462

esmeralda de mar, figure of, ii, 461

Esocidæ, i, 290; ii, 190, 192

Esox, i, 109, 253, 315, 327, 391; ii, 190, 194 figure of, i, 328; ii, 192

Etelis, i, 262; ii, 338 figure of, ii, 337

Etheostoma, i, 129, 283; ii, 310, 315 figure of, i, 231; ii, 314

Etheostominæ, i, 230, 232; ii, 166, 306, 307, 310

ethmoid, ii, 142

Etmopterus, figure of, i, 189, 546

etrumei-iwashi, ii, 52

Etrumeus, ii, 52

Eucalia, ii, 232

Eucitharus, figure of, ii, 488

Eucinostomus, ii, 347

Eugnathidæ, ii, 26

569eulachon, i, 321; ii, 19, 125, 126 figure of, i, 320; ii, 124

Euleptorhamphus, ii, 212

Eumicrotremus, ii, 135

Euphaneropidæ, i, 576

Euphrosen, i, 396

Eupomotis, i, 283 figure of, i, 7, 13; ii, 301

European chub, pharyngeals of, i, 48 teeth of, figured, ii, 164

European lancelet, figure of, i, 120

European sculpin, figure of, i, 219

European soles, ii, 496

Eurylepis, ii, 14

Eurynotus, figure of, ii, 15

Eurypharyngidæ, ii, 156

Eurypharynx, ii, 156

Eurypholis, figure of, ii, 136, 137

Euselachii, i, 532

Eusthenopteron, i, 603

Eutæniichthys, figure of, ii, 467

Euthynotus, ii, 34

Evenchelys, ii, 153

Eventognathi, i, 405; ii, 160, 162

everglade minnow, figure of, ii, 197

everglade pigmy perch, figure of, ii, 295

Evermann, ii, 69, 100, 103, 354 on Panama fishes, i, 274 portrait of, i, 421 on Two Ocean Pass, i, 307-310

Evermannellidæ, ii, 135

Evermannella, ii, 136

Eviota, ii, 460, 467

evolution of fishes, i, 223-225, 435-459 Dean on, i, 223

Exerpes, figure of, i, 276; ii, 511

Exocœtidæ, ii, 210, 211, 214

Exocœtoididæ, ii, 134

Exocœtoides, ii, 133

Exocœtus, i, 391; ii, 213

Exoglossum, head of, figured, ii, 167

Exonautes, ii, 213

exoskeleton, i, 20

Exostoma, ii, 184

extension of Indian fauna, i, 267

exterior of fish, i, 16-25

external gills, figure of, i, 78, 602 Kerr on, i, 76 Mauer on, i, 77 Orr on, i, 77 Rusconi on, i, 77

extinction of species, i, 240 causes of, i, 241

Eyclesheimer, i, 428

Eydoux, i, 408

eye of fish, i, 119

eye of flounder, in larval stage, i, 174 migration of, i, 173-176 Williams on, i, 174-178

eye-of-the-sea, ii, 361

Faber, i, 396

Fabricius, i, 394

Facciola, i, 412

factors of extinction, i, 442

fading of pigment in spirits, i, 235

fair maid, ii, 344

fallfish, i, 311; ii, 167

fall-salmon, ii, 80

family, definition of, i, 373

fan-tailed darter, ii, 315

Farquhar, on Opah, ii, 244

fat cod, ii, 440

fat head, ii, 388

fatherlasher, ii, 445

faunal areas, minor, i, 248 of Japanese fishes, i, 257

faunal resemblances, i, 259, 260

faunal differences, i, 260, 261

favorable waters have most species, i, 301

fear in fishes, i, 163 expressions of, i, 165

Felichthys, figure of, ii, 179

fiatola, ii, 283

Fierasfer, i, 84; ii, 520 figure of, i, 159; ii, 522, 523

Fierasferidæ, ii, 158, 522

fighting-fish, ii, 370 of Siam, i, 163

filefish, ii, 413-415 figure of, i, 182

filiform, i, 19

Filippi, i, 412

finfold, i, 63, 64 Balfour's theory of, i, 69

fin migration, Dean on, i, 75 of Heterodontus, i, 75

finnan haddie, ii, 537

fins of fishes, described, i, 9, 10, 20, 24, 25 migration of, i, 75 morphology of, i, 62-90 origin of, i, 62

fin-spines, i, 528, 529; ii, 39 of Hybodus, i, 528, 529 of Onchus, figured, i, 509

Fischer, on fishes of Panama, i, 275

Fish Commission, fish stocking by, i, 346

fisheries, economic, i, 337 salmon, i, 81, 87

fishes, in action, i, 11 adaptation to environment, i, 156 affection of, i, 167 affected by temperature, i, 149 age of, i, 144, 146 air-bladder of, i, 12, 92, 93 alimentary canal in, i, 31 anadromous, i, 156, 160, 291 anger of, i, 165 in aquaria, i, 150, 165 blood of, i, 11 body form of, i, 16 bones of, i, 10 bony, i, 454, 506 brain of, i, 12, 14, 109, 112 breathing of, i, 5, 91, 103 of British Museum, i, 402 burrowing of, ii, 463, 465 care of eggs by, i, 128 catadromous, i, 162, 291 catalogues of, i, 402 channel, i, 291 circulatory organs of, i, 26 classification of, i, 367-386 of Coal Measures, i, 223 collecting of, i, 429 color and coloration of, i, 6, 129, 226-236 conditions of life of, i, 215 of coral reefs, i, 235 currents affecting, i, 243, 244 deep sea, i, 408 definition of, i, 3 degeneration in, i, 54, 216, 218-220; ii, 547 digestion and digestive organs of, i, 11, 26 diœcious, i, 124 dispersion of, i, 318 diseases of, i, 340-358 dissection of, i, 26, 27 distortion in, i, 129 570distribution of, i, 237-255, 435 domestication of, i, 149, 151 ear of, i, 8, 119-121 earliest forms of, i, 443 eggs of, i, 125-135 electric organs of, i, 25; ii, 187 embryology of, i, 131-151 evolution in, i, 223, 435-459 exterior of, i, 16-25 extinct, i, 224 eye of, i, 6, 119 eye-stalks of, ii, 466 face of, i, 5 fins of, i, 9, 10, 24 flight of, i, 167 flow of blood in, i, 107 as food for man, i, 320-339 food of, i, 11, 29 form of, i, 4 fossil, i, 422-428 fresh-water, i, 250 gall-bladder in, i, 26 generalized forms of, i, 224 gills of, i, 92 growth of, i, 30, 144 habits of, i, 152 hearing of, i, 8, 119 heart of, i, 11, 28, 106 herbivorous, i, 30, 155; ii, 364 hermaphrodite, i, 124 homologies of bones in, i, 34 hybridism in, i, 144 instincts of, i, 154 intestines of, i, 33 intromittent organ in, i, 124 with jugular fins, i, 456 kidneys of, i, 11, 28 killed by earthquakes, i, 356 Labyrinthine, ii, 365 larval forms, i, 142, 620, 621 lateral line of, i, 9 life cycle of, i, 3-5, 152 lowland, i, 291 luminous organs of, i, 188-190 lungs of, i, 98 measurements of, i, 19 migration of, i, 160 monstrosities among, i, 151 mortality among, i, 357 mountain, i, 291 mouth of, i, 29 muscles of, i, 25 mythology of, i, 359 naturalization of, i, 150 nerves of, i, 12, 14, 109, 113; ii, 368 nests and nest-building of, i, 15, 167, 128; ii, 184, 229-231 noises of, i, 121, 168 nostril of, i, 6 nuptial colors in, i, 155, 156 nutrition organs of, i, 29 organs of, locomotion, i, 24 phosphorescence, i, 194 reproduction, i, 28, 124-130 sense, i, 115-123 sight, i, 6, 116 smell, i, 115 taste, i, 121 touch, i, 122 ovaries, i, 26 oviparous, i, 125 ovoviviparous, i, 125 pain, sense of, in, i, 123 parasites of, i, 340-344 parasitic, i, 198 pectoral limb of, i, 50 pelagic, i, 156 pineal eye in, i, 111 poisonous, i, 180-185, 236; ii, 177, 411, 413, 421, 433,436, 526 postembryonic development, i, 132 posterior limbs of, i, 53 preservation of, i, 431 problem of highest, i, 383 protection of young by, i, 128 pugnacity of, i, 162 recognition marks in, i, 7, 232, 236 records of, i, 433 scales of, i, 20 sensitiveness to change, i, 150 sexual modifications in, i, 129 shoulder-girdle of, i, 50, 52 skeleton of, i, 10, 214, 215 specialization in, i, 219, 220, 224, 249; ii, 438 spinal cord of, i, 112 spineless, i, 25 spiral valve in, i, 32 tail of, i, 49 teeth of, i, 5, 29 tenacity of life in, i, 146, 147 timidity of, i, 166 tongue of, i, 6, 31 upland, i, 291 variety in tropics, i, 333 viscera of, i, 26 viviparous, i, 125; ii, 376 voices of, i, 121 where found, i, 158, 159 zeoid, ii, 245

fishes as food, i, 320-339

fishes of Panama, Evermann on, i, 274 Fischer on, i, 275 Günther on, i, 272, 273 Hill on, i, 277 Upham on, i, 276 Wright on, i, 275

fish faunas, genera in, i, 262, 263 Indian, i, 267 of Japan, i, 255, 256, 259 of Mediterranean, i, 259 of Panama, i, 267 separated by barriers, i, 255-281

fish fighting, i, 162

fish god of Japan, figure of, ii, 343

fish guano, i, 538

Fish-Hawk, the, i, 408; ii, 147

fishing, apparatus for, i, 335 for ayu, i, 333 for tai, figured, i, 338 with cormorants, i, 333, 335 methods of, i, 334

fishing-frog, i, 202; ii, 542 capture of prey by, i, 169 figure of, i, 18; ii, 545, 550

fish-like vertebrates, i, 34

fish of Paradise, ii, 369

Fistularia, i, 85, 393; ii, 233, 390 shoulder-girdle of, ii, 227

Fistulariidæ, ii, 227 family of, ii, 233

Flammeo, ii, 254

flashers, ii, 331

flatfish family, i, 177; ii, 48

flatheads, ii, 441

Flesus, ii, 493

Fleurieu's whirlpool, ii, 242

flier, ii, 297

flight of fishes, i, 157

Floeberg, ii, 110

Florida jewfish, figure of, ii, 323

Florida lion-fish, figure of, ii, 433

flounder, i, 117, 178, 203, 440; ii, 483-485, 488, 493, 494 development of, i, 144 diamond, ii, 493 eel-back, ii, 493 571eyes of, i, 118, 174-178 frog, ii, 493 lantern, ii, 488 larval form, i, 176; ii, 483, 484 migration of eye, figured, ii, 484 newly hatched, figured, i, 177 osteology of, ii, 484 peacock, ii, 488 pole, ii, 494 shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, 2 starry, ii, 493 tail of, figured, ii, 486 vertebræ in, i, 205 wide-eyed, ii, 488 wide-eyed, figured, i, 175 young, figured, i, 175; ii, 482

flower of the surf, figure of, ii, 218

flow of blood in fish, i, 107

flukes, ii, 494

flying-fish, ii, 211-214 figure of, i, 157, 341, 440 parasites of, i, 342

flyfish, ii, 429

flying gurnard, ii, 456, 458 figure of, i, 457

flying robin, ii, 458

Fodiator, figure of, ii, 213

food-fishes, abundance of, i, 329 relative rank of, i, 320

food of lampreys, i, 491

foolfishes, i, 206; ii, 413

Foot-notes to Evolution, reference to, i, 302

foramen, i, 92

forelle, i, 327

Forcipiger, ii, 404

Forgy, on oarfish, ii, 473

Forbes, i, 419 on fish epidemics, i, 340

formalin, as preservative, i, 432

Forskål, i, 394

Forster, i, 395

fossil capelin, ii, 126, 127

fossil darters, ii, 315

fossil fishes, i, 205; ii, 48, 52, 53, 56, 174 Agassiz on, i, 422, 423 Dean on, i, 422 earliest forms, i, 568 figure of, i, 436, 454; ii, 47, 59 first period of, i, 423 from Green River, ii, 59 morphological work on, i, 427 second period, i, 424 study of, i, 424 third period, i, 427

fossil gobies, ii, 467

fossil herring, figure of, i, 453; ii, 52

fossil trout, ii, 62, 118

four-eyed fish, figure of, i, 117

four-spined stickleback, figure of, ii, 232

Fowler, i, 422

fox shark, i, 536

Frère Jacques, ii, 255

fresh-water eels, ii, 149

fresh-water fishes, i, 209; ii, 157, 160, 161 dispersion of, i, 282-296 distribution of, i, 249 Günther on, i, 249 of Japan, i, 256 of North America, i, 290

fresh-water minnows, i, 33

fresh-water perch, figure of, ii, 373

Friar Odoric, on fear in fishes, i, 166

Fries, i, 410

frilled shark, i, 361, 516 figure of, i, 525

Fritsch, i, 427, 428, 512

frog, arm of, figured, i, 601

frogfish, i, 197; ii, 549 figure of, ii, 551

frog flounder, ii, 493

frostfish, ii, 537

Fucus, ii, 512

Fullarton, i, 177

function of lateral line, i, 23

Fundulus, ii, 194, 199 figure of, i, 198

fur seal, food of, ii, 127, 537

Gadidæ, i, 290; ii, 522, 533

Gadopsidæ, ii, 516

Gadus, i, 209, 391 figure of, i, 331; ii, 533

Gazza, ii, 287

gaff-topsail cat, figure of, ii, 179

Gaidropsarus, i, 209; ii, 539

Gaimard, i, 406

galafata, ii, 413

Galaxias, i, 223, 252, 253, 254 Boulenger on, ii, 204, 205

Galaxiidæ, family of, ii, 204

Galei, i, 532

Galeidæ, i, 540

Galeichthys, i, 128, 242, 271, 273; ii, 178 figure of, ii, 179

Galeocerdo, i, 541, 542

Galeoid sharks, i, 519

Galeorhinidæ, i, 532, 540

Galeorhinus, i, 454

Galeus, figure of, i, 541

gall-bladder, i, 26

galliwasp, ii, 130

galo, ii, 394

Gambusia, i, 64, 66, 67; ii, 199

Ganocephala, i, 85, 86

Ganoidei, i, 444, 599, 616; ii, 2, 3, 13

Ganoids, i, 22, 38, 88, 91, 139, 157, 159, 186, 204, 384, 569, 622; ii, 1-36 Agassiz on, ii, 9 air-bladder in, i, 109 classification of, ii, 13 Gill on, ii, 9 as a group, ii, 4, 9

ganoid fish, i, 582 figure of, i, 452, 453

Garden, i, 390

Garibaldi, figure of, i, 227; ii, 382

garfish, ii, 147, 210, 211 shoulder-girdle in, i, 59

Garman, i, 405, 408, 420; ii, 183 on blind fish, ii, 202 on frilled shark, i, 525 on Sunapee trout, ii, 109

garpike, i, 290; ii, 30-32 figure of, ii, 27 fossil, ii, 32 tail of, i, 82 vertebræ of, i, 48

garrupa, ii, 323

gaspergou, ii, 354

Gasteronemus, ii, 288 figure of, ii, 289

Gasterosteidæ, i, 128, 290 family of, ii, 228, 232

Gasterosteus, i, 161, 172, 391; ii, 229, 231, 236 Lord on, ii, 230 figure of, ii, 232

Gastrostomus, figure of, ii, 156

gastrula, i, 131, 132

Gaudry, on leptocercal tail, i, 84

Gay, i, 415

Gegenbaur, i, 428, 511, 512, 591, 594, 601 on archipterygium, i, 60 572on morphology, i, 68 on pectoral fin, i, 67 theory of, i, 73

Gempylidæ, family of, ii, 267

Gempylus, ii, 267

general laws, of development, i, 133 of distribution, i, 239

generalization and specialization, i, 380

genital organs, i, 124

genus, i, 375 definition of, i, 372

Genyonemus, ii, 356

Genypterus, ii, 520

geographical distribution, i, 237-259 of sharks, charted, i, 459

geological evidence of submergence, i, 268

Geophagus, ii, 381

Geotria, i, 491

Gephyrura, ii, 201

Gephyroberyx, ii, 252

gephyrocercal tail, i, 84, 604 figure of, i, 85

German carp, ii, 175

germ-cells, i, 124

Germo, 210; ii, 262, 266 figure of, ii, 263

Gerres, i, 271, 273 figure of, ii, 349

Gerridæ, i, 206; ii, 372 family of, ii, 347

Gervais, i, 408

ghost-fishes, ii, 150, 516

giant bass, ii, 324

Gibbes, i, 426

Gibbons, i, 419 on Embiotocidæ, ii, 377

Gibbonsia, figure of, ii, 508

gibbus, ii, 45

Gigactinidæ, ii, 551

Giglioli, i, 412

Gila, i, 304; ii, 169

Gilbert, i, 408, 415, 420; ii, 239 on Astroscopus, i, 187 on coracoid plate, ii, 206 on flight of fishes, i, 157 on island forms, i, 240 on larval forms, i, 142 portrait of, i, 421

Gilbertidia, ii, 441, 447, 449 figure of, ii, 451

Gill, i, 408, 419, 448, 528, 591, 594, 600; ii, 24, 34, 40, 52, 317, 365, 366, 502, 511 on anglers, ii, 543 on Discocephali, ii, 470, 471 on eels, ii, 143, 156 on high and low forms, i, 383 on work of Lacépède, i, 398 on New Zealand fauna, i, 252 on paired limbs, i, 85 portrait of, i, 407 on Selachii, i, 509 on shoulder-girdle, i, 86-89 sketch of, i, 405 on soles, ii, 496 on swallowers, ii, 360, 361 on tilefish, ii, 361, 362

gill, arches, i, 45, 91, 508 basket, figured, i, 92, 485 covers, i, 44 filaments, i, 107 offices of, i, 11 openings, i, 91 rakers, i, 31, 46 septum, i, 73 slits, i, 508

Gillellus, ii, 506

Gillichthys, ii, 462 figure of, ii, 463

Gillicus, ii, 48

Ginglymodi, ii, 24, 30

Ginglymostoma, i, 533

Ginglymostomidæ, i, 533

Girard, i, 405, 419; ii, 378, 379

girdle in Dipnoans, i, 86

Girella, ii, 348

gisu, ii, 46

gizzard-shad, i, 290; ii, 51, 53

glacial epoch, effect on dispersion, i, 316

Glaucosoma, ii, 323, 340

Glandiceps, i, 465

Glanencheli, ii, 187

glassy darter, ii, 313

glenoid, i, 90

Glesnæs oarfish, ii, 472 figure of, i, 363

globefishes, i, 197, 440, 455; ii, 419 figure of, i, 244; ii, 422

Globulodus, ii, 15

Glossobalanus, figure of, i, 464 larva of, figured, i, 463

glut-herring, ii, 50

Glyphisodon, i, 267 figure of, ii, 383

Glyptocephalus, i, 206; ii, 494

Glyptolepis, i, 603

Glyptopomus, i, 604

Gmelin, i, 395, 397

Gnathanacanthidæ, ii, 514

Gnathodentex, ii, 341

Gnathonemus, figure of, ii, 189

Gnathostomata, i, 78

Gnathostomes, i, 35, 572, 573

Gnathostomi, i, 508, 570

Gnathypops, figure of, ii, 359

goatfish, i, 198; ii, 351, 379 figure of, i, 122

gobies, i, 428; ii, 459

Gobiesox, ii, 529, 530, 531

Gobiidæ, i, 22, 206, 290; ii, 306 family of, ii, 459

Gobius, i, 208, 273, 391; ii, 461, 467

Gobio, ii, 167, 175

Gobioides, ii, 467

Gobioidea, ii, 470

Gobioidei, 11, 459-480 suborder of, ii, 459

Gobiomorus, figure of, i, 160

Gobionellus, i, 208 figure of, ii, 461

Gobiosoma, i, 313; ii, 462

goblin sharks, figures of, i, 535

goby, i, 290; ii, 462, 466

gofu, ii, 434 figure of, i, 229

goggler, ii, 275

golden, shiner, ii, 167 goldsinny, ii, 387 surmullet, figure of, i, 322; ii, 352 trout, ii, 99

goldfish, ii, 170, 171 of Japan, i, 151

Gomphosus, ii, 390

Goniistius, ii, 363

Goniognathus, ii, 287

Gonioplectrus, ii, 323

Gonorhynchidæ, ii, 54-56

Gonorhynchus, ii, 56

Gonostoma, ii, 129

Gonostomidæ, ii, 129

Gonzalez, i, 414

Goodea, ii, 199, 201 figure of, i, 126; ii, 200 with young, figured, i, 126

Goodsira, i, 476

goody, ii, 356

goosefish, ii, 545

Gorbuscha, ii, 73

Goode, i, 408, 419; ii, 307, 308 on albacore, ii, 267 on American fisheries, i, 335 573on codfish, ii, 534 estimate of herring product, i, 330 on fishing-frog, ii, 545 on habits of mullets, ii, 219, 220 on mackerel, ii, 260, 264, 265 on menhaden, ii, 51 portrait of, i, 407 on swordfish, ii, 270

Gordiichthys, i, 211; ii, 153

Gordius, ii, 143, 144

Gosfordia, i, 613

Gosse, i, 415

Gouan, i, 397

gatasami, ii, 361

Gottsche, i, 428

goujon, ii, 182

gourami, ii, 369

gouramy, nest of, i, 167

Grammicolepidæ, family of, ii, 249

Grammicolepis, ii, 249

Grammistes, ii, 330

grande écaille, figure of, ii, 43

Granodus, i, 565

Grantea, ii, 544

Graphiurus, i, 605

Grassi, i, 428

grass rockfish, ii, 429

Gray, i, 416

grayling, i, 150, 305; ii, 120-138

gray snapper, ii, 335 figure of, ii, 334

Great Basin, chub of, i, 287 dispersion of fishes in, i, 316 fishes of, i, 302

great blue cat, ii, 180

great oarfish, ii, 472

Greeley, i, 422

Green, on Sacramento perch, i, 179

green-backed trout, ii, 104 figure of, ii, 105

green cod, ii, 537

Greene, on Porichthys, i, 190-197; ii, 526

greenfish, ii, 348

Greenland char, ii, 109

Greenland halibut, ii, 491

Greenland shark, i, 547

greenling, ii, 439 figure of, ii, 440

green mackerel, figure of, ii, 275

Green River shales, i, 205; ii, 52, 57-59

green rockfish, ii, 429

green-sided darter, figure of, i, 247; ii, 312

green wrasse, ii, 387

Gregarinidia, i, 242

grenadier, i, 84; ii, 540 figure of, ii, 541

grilse, ii, 91

grindle, ii, 35

griset, figure of, i, 523

Gronias, ii, 181

Gronovius, i, 390

groupers, ii, 323

grubby, ii, 446

grunt, i, 239 figure of, ii, 340

grunters, ii, 340

gruntfishes, i, 121

Grystes, i, 302

Guacamaia, ii, 394 figure of, i, 330

guahu, ii, 266

guasa, ii, 323

guavina de rio, ii, 459 figure of, ii, 460

Guaymas, fishes of, i, 274

gudgeon, i, 122; ii, 167

Guichenot, i, 412, 415

guipo, ii, 512

guitar-fishes, i, 550 figure of, i, 551

gular plate, i, 43; ii, 33

Güldenstadt, i, 395

Gulf Stream, i, 239 deep-sea fish of, i, 276

gulper-eel, ii, 156

gulpers, ii, 155

gunnel, figure of, ii, 512

Gunner, i, 396; ii, 245

Günther, i, 88, 255, 259, 404; ii, 3, 95, 135, 161, 183, 229, 371 on archipterygium, i, 60 on Barramunda, i, 615 catalogue of, i, 402 on work of Cuvier, i, 400 on deep-sea fishes, ii, 136 on dispersion, i, 289 on eels, ii, 141 on electrophores, ii, 188 estimate of eggs by, i, 128 on fishes of Panama, i, 272, 273 on Lepidosteus, ii, 5 on month gestation, i, 173 on pain in fishes, i, 123 on poison glands, i, 180; ii, 527-529 portrait of, i, 403 on respiration, i, 91 on salmon, ii, 92 on sea-devils, ii, 547 on trout, ii, 94 on variation in vertebræ, i, 210 on zones of distribution, i, 249, 251

gunwale, ii, 512

Gurley, on parasitic diseases, i, 342

gurnard, i, 122, 198, 208, 209; ii, 456

gurry shark, i, 547

Gymnarchidæ, ii, 188

Gymnarchus, ii, 188

Gymnelis, i, 209; ii, 519

Gymnocanthus, ii, 448

Gymnocephalus, ii, 241, 310

Gymnodontes, ii, 398, 411, 418, 422

Gymnosarda, ii, 262

Gymnothorax, i, 211, 274; ii, 152 figure of, i, 458; ii, 154, 155

Gymnonoti, ii, 159-161, 188 order of, ii, 187

Gymnotidæ, ii, 187

Gymnotus, i, 391

Gyrinidæ, ii, 222

Gyrodus, figure of, ii, 22

Gyrolepis, ii, 14

Gyrosteus, ii, 18

Gyroptychius, i, 82 figure of, i, 604

habits of fishes, i, 152

haddock, ii, 537 figure of, ii, 536 skull of, figured, ii, 536

Hadrodus, ii, 22

Hadropterus, i, 300 figure of, ii, 311

haë, ii, 117, 118

Hæckel, i, 411, 511 on origin of fins, i, 62

hæmal arch, ii, 6

Hæmapophyres, i, 48

Hæmulidæ, i, 206; ii, 340, 342, 359 family of, ii, 340

Hæmulon, i, 121, 238, 271, 274, 375 figure of, ii, 340

hagfishes, i, 28, 488 Delfin on feeding of, i, 489 egg of, figured, i, 127 figure of, i, 199, 489 and lampreys, i, 189

574hair-worm, ii, 144

hake, ii, 136, 539, 540 isocercal tail of, i, 83 shoulder-girdle of, i, 60

hakone dace, i, 257

Haldeman, i, 419

Halec, ii, 33, 136

Halecomorphi, ii, 13, 23, 24, 29, 35 order of, ii, 33

half-beak, figure of, ii, 212

half-moon fish, ii, 350

halibut, 128; ii, 149, 489, 491 figure of, i, 332; ii, 492 fishery, ii, 490

Halichœres, i, 207, 257, 297; ii, 180, 388-390 figure of i, 297; ii, 396

Halientichthys, ii, 552

Hallock, on black bass, ii, 302 on Esox, ii, 192

Halosauridæ, ii, 158

Halosaurus, ii, 138

Hamilton, i, 416

hammerhead shark, i, 543 figure of, i, 544

Hancock, i, 415

handsaw-fish, ii, 135

Hansen, on Chinook salmon, ii, 85

Haplistia, i, 602

Haplochiton, ii, 128

Haplochitonidæ, ii, 129, 204

Haplodoci, ii, 499 sub order of, ii, 525

Haplomi, i, 405; ii, 34, 40, 41, 129, 188-207, 224, 250 mesocoracoid arch in, ii, 189 ventral fin, i, 67

Haplopagrus, i, 271

hard-tails, ii, 169

Hardwicke, on affection in fishes, i, 167

harelip-sucker, ii, 174

Harengula ii, 51

Harpagiferidæ, ii, 501

Harpodon, ii, 131

Harrimania, figure of, i, 465

Harrimaniidæ, family of, i, 465 low organization of, i, 465

Harriottia, i, 199, 566 figure of, i, 449

harvest-fish, ii, 283 figure of, i, 18; ii, 284

Hasse, i, 428, 543 on Elasmobranchs, i, 509 on ossicles, i, 96 on sharks, i, 509, 530, 561

Hasselquist, i, 389

Hatta, i, 418

Hauy, i, 397

Hawaii, fish fauna of, i, 243

Hay, i, 419, 427, 581; ii, 4 34, 36 on fossil eels, ii, 22 on Pycnodonti, ii, 22 on varieties of sharks, i, 528, 529

hazé, ii, 118

headfishes, i, 19, 84, 206 figure of, ii, 424 larva of, figured, i, 143

headlight-fish, figure of, i, 188; ii, 132

Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348 Linton on, i, 348-350

heart of the fish, i, 106

Hector, i, 416

Helicolemus, i, 259; ii, 429, 432

Helicoprion, teeth of, figured, i, 530

Heller, i, 422

Helodus, i, 531

Helostoma, ii, 370

Helostomidæ, ii, 370

Hemerocœtidæ, ii, 506

Hemianthias, ii, 330

Hemibranchii, ii, 40, 157, 209, 227-240 sub order of, ii, 227

Hemichordata, i, 461

Hemicyclaspis, i, 576

Hemiexocœtus, ii, 213

Hemigymnus, ii, 390

Hemilepidotus, ii, 442 figure of, ii, 443

Hemipteronotus, ii, 390

Hemiramphus, ii, 214, 268 figure of, ii, 212

Hemiscylliidæ, i, 533

Hemitripterus, i, 595; ii, 441 figure of, i, 220; ii, 448

Heniochus, ii, 404

Henle, i, 405

Henshall, on black bass, ii, 302

Henshaw, ii, 523 photograph by, i, 281

hepatic sinus, i, 108

Heptadiodon, ii, 423

Heptanema, i, 605

Heptatrema, i, 490

Heptranchias, i, 447, 509, 536 pectoral fin in, figured, i, 57 skull of, i, 56 teeth of, figured, i, 524

Herald, i, 408

Herbert, on lake trout-fishing, ii, 115

herbivorous fishes, i, 30; ii, 364

Herdmania, i, 474

hermaphrodite fish, i, 124

Heros, i, 314; ii, 381

Herpetichthys, i, 608

herring, i, 21, 204, 290, 429, 440; ii, 33, 38, 43, 46, 49, 52, 73, 123, 159 figure of, i, 331; ii, 48 Goode on, i, 330 product of, i, 330

Hertwig, i, 112

Herzenstein, i, 411

Heterandria, i, 314; ii, 194, 201, 467

Heterobranchus, ii, 186

heterocercal tail, i, 49, 507, 513, 516, 602 of Acipenser, figured, i, 80 of Amia, figured, i, 82 of garpike, figured, i, 82 of Lepisosteus, figured, i, 82 of Salmo, i, 83 of sturgeon, figured, i, 80 of young trout, i, 83

Heterocongridæ, ii, 150

Heterodontus, i, 128, 447, 536 eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527 figure of, i, 75, 526 lower jaw, figured, i, 526 pectoral fin of, figured, i, 57

Heterodontidæ, i, 65, 127, 447, 511, 523, 529, 530, 545 family of, i, 527

Heterognathi, ii, 161, 162

Heteromi, i, 405, 611; ii, 12 138, 532 order of, ii, 157

Heteropleuron, i, 483

Heterostichus, ii, 507

Heterosomata, ii, 247, 481-498

Heterosteus, i, 586

Heterostraci, i, 568, 571, 622; ii, 13 order of, i, 573

Heterotis, ii, 56

Hexagrammidæ, ii, 442, 501 family of, ii, 439 organs of smell in, i, 115

Hexagrammos, i, 257; ii, 107, 439 figure of, ii, 440

Hexanchidæ, i, 509, 528 family of, i, 524

Hexanchus, i, 447, 524 figure of, i, 523

hickory shad, figure of, ii, 53

575high and low forms, Agassiz on, i, 380, 381 Gill on, i, 383 Traquair on, i, 381, 382

Hilgendorf, i, 411, 416 portrait of, i, 417

Hilgendorfia, ii, 455

Hill, i, 415 conclusions of, i, 277, 279

Himantolophus, ii, 549

hinalea, i, 158

hingio, ii, 128

Hiodon, i, 291, 394; ii, 45, 46 figure of, ii, 45

Hiodontidæ, i, 290; ii, 45

Hippocampus, i, 19; ii, 236 figure of, i, 17, 250; ii, 238

Hippoglossinæ, ii, 489

Hippoglossoides, i, 205; ii, 491

Hippoglossus, i, 205, 329; ii, 489 figure of, i, 332; ii, 492

hirondelle, i, 408; ii, 60

His, i, 428

Histiopteridæ, ii, 398

Histiopterus, i, 260; ii, 333

Histiothrissa, ii, 52

history of ichthyology, i, 387-428

Hoffman, i, 412; ii, 546

hog-choker, figure of, ii, 496

hogfish, ii, 388 figure of, ii, 387

Holacanthus, ii, 403 figure of, ii, 404, 405 skeleton of, figured, i, 214

Holbrook, i, 419

Holcolepis, figure of, i, 454; ii, 43

Holconoti, ii, 365, 379, 380 suborder of, ii, 372

Holconotus, i, 404; ii, 375

Holden, ii, 291

Holder, ii, 409, 474 on oarfish, ii, 474

Holostei, i, 624; ii, 24

Holotrachys, ii, 256

Hollard, i, 412

Hollardia, ii, 412

Holocentridæ, family of, ii, 253

Holocentrus, i, 267; ii, 253, 255 figure of, ii, 254

Holocephali, i, 448, 508, 519, 520, 561-567

Holopterus, ii, 41

Holoptychiidæ, i, 602, 603, 624

Holoptychius, basal fin of, figured, i, 603 dorsal fin of, figured, i, 49 figure of, i, 451

Holostomi, ii, 140, 141

Holothurian, ii, 522 Fierasfer issuing from, i, 159

Holurus, ii, 14

Homalopteridæ, ii, 176

Hombron, i, 408

Home, i, 396

Homistius, i, 586

homocercal tail, i, 49, 81-83, 602 figure of, i, 84 of flounder, i, 84

homologies, of bones, i, 34, 35 of pectoral limb, i, 85

Homonotus, ii, 253

homoplasy, i, 296

Homosoma, ii, 283

Hooker, on fishes prey of birds, i, 166

Hoplias, ii, 162

Hoplichthyidæ, ii, 441

Hoplichthys, ii, 441

Hoplopagrus, i, 271

Hoplopteryx, figure of, i, 438; ii, 253

Hoplostethus, i, 260, 263; ii, 252

Hoppin, on blind fish, ii, 202, 203

Hornbaum-Hornschuch, ii, 144

horn-dace, i, 122, 283; ii, 167 figure of, i, 285; ii, 168

horned pout, ii, 35, 180 figure of, ii, 181

horned trunkfish, i, 374 figure of, i, 373, 376; ii, 416

hornfish, ii, 412

hornless trunkfish, i, 378; ii, 418 face view of, i, 379 figure of, i, 378; ii, 416

horse-eye-jack, ii, 276

horsehead-fish, ii, 276 figure of, i, 148

horse-mackerel, ii, 135 figure of, ii, 274

horseshoe-crab, figure of, i, 572

Houttuyn, i, 394, 416

how fish cross watersheds, i, 306

how fishes breathe, i, 91

how to secure fish, i, 429

Hoy, i, 419; ii, 64

huchen, ii, 106

Hucho, i, 253; ii, 62, 106 figure of, ii, 107

Humboldt, i, 410 on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95

humpback salmon, ii, 68, 72, 80 figure of, ii, 70, 72

humpback sucker, ii, 174

humpback whitefish, ii, 65

Hutton, i, 416

Huxley, i, 424, 428, 593, 601; ii, 3 on herring product, i, 330 on Lepidostei, ii, 23

Hybocladodus, i, 522

Hybodus, i, 528, 529 eggs of, figured, i, 527 fin-spine of, figured, i, 528, 529

Hybopsis, ii, 167

hybridism, i, 144; ii, 94

Hydrocyon, ii, 162

Hydrolagus, i, 564

Hyodon, i, 302

Hyoganoidea, ii, 24

Hyoganoids, ii, 11

hyomandibular, i, 508, 521, 606

hyostylic skull, i, 508, 561; ii, 7 figure of, i, 56

Hypamia, ii, 36

hypercoracoid, i, 89; ii, 1, 12

Hyperoartia, i, 488, 490, 593

Hyperoplus, ii, 521

Hyperotreta, i, 488, 593

Hyperprosopon, ii, 375

hypocoracoid, i, 89; ii, 12

Hypocritichthys, figure of, i, 309; ii, 375

Hypohomus, ii, 312

Hypophthalmidæ, ii, 185

Hypoplectrus, i, 235, 271; ii, 237 figure of, ii, 329

Hyporhamphus, ii, 212

Hypostomides, ii, 227-240 suborder of, ii, 239

Hypotrema, i, 549

hypural, ii, 142

Hypseleotris, ii, 460

Hypsoblennius, i, 242

Hypsopsetta, ii, 493

Hypsurus, ii, 375 figure of, ii, 373

Hypsycormus, ii, 34

Hypsypops, figure of, i, 227; ii, 382

Hyrtl, i, 428

Hysterocarpus, i, 304; ii, 374 figure of, ii, 373, 379

Icarus, ii, 43

icefish, i, 146; ii, 123, 127 figure of, i, 149; ii, 128

576Icelinus, ii, 442

Icelus, ii, 442, 449

Icosteidæ, ii, 285

Icosteus, ii, 285

Ictalurus, i, 291, 292; ii, 179-181 figure of, i, 280

ichthyized fishes, i, 210

Ichthyocephali, ii, 140, 141

Ichthyodectes, ii, 48

Ichthyodectidæ, ii, 48

Ichthyodorolites, i, 516, 529, 566

ichthyologists, portraits of, i, 399, 403, 407, 409, 413, 417, 421, 425, 513, 516, 525, 545, 561, 599, 601

ichthyology, Aristotle on, i, 387 history of, i, 387-428

Ichthyotomi, i, 437, 446 order of, i, 519 Parker & Haswell on, i, 520

Ichthyomyzon, i, 491

Ichthyopsida, i, 601

Ichthyosism, i, 183

Ichthysauroides, i, 586

Icthyscopus, ii, 503

Ictiobus, i, 291; ii, 172 figure of, ii, 173 shoulder-girdle of, i, 51; ii, 160

id, ii, 168

Idiacanthidæ, ii, 138

Idus, ii, 168

igami, ii, 390

Ilarches, ii, 400

Ilarchidæ, ii, 291, 400, 401

Ilarchus, ii, 398

Ilisha, i, 271; ii, 52

Ilyophidæ, ii, 150

imaginary garpike, i, 364

incisor teeth, figured, i, 31

inconnu, figure of, ii, 67

Indian fauna, i, 267 extension of, i, 265

Indian fish, ii, 405

Indian sawfish, figure of, i, 200

Indian parrot-fish, figure of pharyngeals, ii, 393

Indigo damsel-fish figure of, ii, 384

infraclavicles, ii, 13

infundibulum, ii, 6

Iniistius, ii, 389, 390

Inimicus, i, 236; ii, 434 figure of, frontispiece, II. Vol.

Iniomi, i, 405; ii, 38, 40, 41, 138, 189, 190, 204, 526 suborder of, ii, 129

iniomous fishes, photophores of, i, 189

instincts in fishes, basis of, i, 154 classification of, i, 154 of courtship, i, 155 heredity in, i, 154 of migration, i, 156 variability of, i, 155, 156 Whitman on, i, 156

intensity of coloration, i, 232

interclavicle, Starks on, ii, 227

interhæmals, i, 49; ii, 348

interneurals, i, 49; ii, 15

intestine of fish, i, 33

intromittent organ, i, 124

Investigator, the, i, 408; ii, 60

Ioa, ii, 313

Ionoscopus, ii, 36

Ipnopidæ, ii, 131

Ipnops, figure of, i, 181; ii, 131

Irish lord, ii, 442 figure of, ii, 443

Irish Pampano, figure of, ii, 349

isabelita, figure of, ii, 404

Isaciella, i, 270

isaki, ii, 342

Ischnacanthidæ, i, 517

Ischnacanthus, i, 517

Ischyodus, i, 565

ishigakidai, ii, 360

Ishikawa, i, 416

ishinagi, ii, 323

Iso, figure of, ii, 218

isocercal tail, i, 49, 83, 602 Cope on, i, 84 figure of, i, 83

Isopholidæ, ii, 26

Isopholis, ii, 26 figure of, ii, 27

Isospondyli, i, 204, 406; ii, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 37-60, 128, 129, 138, 139, 142, 148, 159, 160, 188-190, 209, 250 order of, ii, 38

Isotœnia, i, 565

isthmus, i, 45

isthmus barriers, i, 255-281

Isthmus of Panama, as barrier, i, 269 fish fauna of, i, 266, 271 species of shores, i, 269

Isthmus of Suez, i, 255, 258 as barrier, i, 266 submergence of, i, 267

Istiæus, figure of, ii, 46

Istiophoridæ, ii, 268

Istiophorus, ii, 269

Istlarius, ii, 182

Isuropsis, figure of, i, 537

Isurus, i, 537, 538

Italian parrot-fish, i, 48 figure of, ii, 391

ito, figure of, ii, 107

itoryori, ii, 340

iwana, ii, 114

jack mariddle, ii, 43

Jackson, on Embiotocidæ, ii, 375, 393

Jacobi, artificial impregnation by, i, 150

Jacoby, on origin of eels, ii, 144, 145

Jacquinot, i, 408

Jadgeska hatchery, ii, 86

Jækel, i, 427, 428, 591

jallao, ii, 341

Janassa, teeth of, i, 554

Japan, Black Current of, i, 255, 256, 258 fishes of, i, 256 fresh-water fauna of, i, 256

Japan and Mediterranean fish faunas, i, 259, 260

Japanese blenny, figure of, i, 9; ii, 513

Japanese catfish, ii, 183

Japanese dace, ii, 170

Japanese filefish, figure of, i, 241

Japanese samlet, figure of, i, 321

Japanese sea-horse, figure of, i, 250

jaqueta, ii, 383

jara-bakka, i, 171

jawfish, figure of, ii, 359

jaws, i, 201 of Amia, i, 43 bones of, i, 41, 43 figured, i, 30, 43, 583; ii, 39 of parrot-fish, i, 30; ii, 391, 393 of shark, i, 35

Jenkins, i, 420; ii, 52 on fishes of Panama, i, 274

577Jenkinsia, ii, 52

Jenyns, i, 408

Jerdon, i, 416

Jerusalem haddock, ii, 244

Jeude, i, 414

jewfishes, ii, 321, 323

jiguagua, ii, 276

jocu, ii, 336

John, on climbing-fish, ii, 367

John dories, ii, 245, 247 figure of, ii, 248

Johnny darter, ii, 313

John Paw, figure of, ii, 325

Johnson, i, 410 on interbreeding of trout, ii, 94

Johnston, i, 428

jolt-head porgy, figure of, ii, 344

Jordan, i, 348, 408; ii, 522 on parent stream theory, ii, 81 portrait of, i, 421 on return of salmon to spawning grounds, ii, 83

Jordanella, i, 314; ii, 198 figure of, ii, 197

Jordania, ii, 441, 449 figure of, ii, 442

Jordanicus, ii, 522

jorobado, ii, 276

joturo, ii, 26 figure of, ii, 28, 222

Joturus, figure of, ii, 222

Jugulares, i, 393 suborder of, i, 499-506; ii, 39, 499, 534

Julis, i, 158, 235; ii, 389, 390

jurel, ii, 276

kæpra, i, 171

kajika, ii, 118

kaku, ii, 221

Kalm, i, 390

Kamchatka lamprey, figure of, i, 495

Kamloops trout, ii, 101

Kansas River, blue-green sunfish from, i, 26

Kareius, ii, 494

Karpinsky, i, 529

Kaup, i, 411

kawamasu, ii, 95

kawamuki, ii, 415

Kellogg's Zoology, i, 26

Kelly on otoliths, i, 120

kelpfish, ii, 389, 390, 507

kelts, ii, 91

Kent, on anglers, ii, 543, 544

Kerr, i, 619 on Balfour's theory, i, 72 on fin migration, i, 74 on Gegenbaur theory, i, 73 on external gill, i, 76, 78 on Lepidosiren, i, 61, 620 on morphology, i, 68

Kessler, i, 411

Kessleria, i, 252, 452; ii, 18, 20

keta, ii, 73

Kettleman, ii, 545

kihi kihi, ii, 406

killer, i, 361

killifish, i, 290, 304; ii, 194, 198 hearing of, i, 121

king crab, figure of, i, 572

king darter, figure of, ii, 311

kingfish, ii, 266, 356 figure of, ii, 357

king of salmon, ii, 425 figure of, ii, 478

king of herrings, ii, 425, 472

king of mackerels, figure of, ii, 425

king salmon, ii, 68, 69 anadromous instinct of, i, 160 grilse, figured, ii, 70, 72

Kingsley, on ascidians, i, 474 on degeneration, i, 460 on sense organs, i, 175 on tunicates, i, 466-468

Kirsch, i, 422

Kirtland, i, 418; ii, 35

Kirtlandia, figure of, ii, 217

Kishinouye, i, 418

kisugo, ii, 358

Kittlitz, i, 410

Klein, i, 390

Klunzinger, i, 411

Kner, i, 410, 411, 427 on Ganoids, ii, 10

Kneriidæ, family of, ii, 204

knightfish, ii, 257

Knox, ii, 477

kobini-iwashi, ii, 52

kochi, ii, 441

Koenen, i, 427

Koken, i, 427

kokopu, ii, 204

kokos, ii, 71

Kolliker, i, 428

Konwick, i, 427

konoshiro, ii, 53

Kölreuter, i, 396

Kowala, ii, 51

Kowalevskia, i, 474

Kowalevsky, i, 428

Krascheninnikov, i, 395; ii, 68

Krefft, i, 614

Kröyer, i, 410

Kuhlia, ii, 304

Kuhliidæ, ii, 297, 354

kumu, i, 322; ii, 352

Kundscha, ii, 114

Kuppfer's vesicle, i, 138

kurodai, ii, 343

kuromutsu, figure of, ii, 213

Kuro Shiwo, i, 242, 251, 258 fishes in, i, 239 goblin shark of, i, 534

Kurtidæ, ii, 287

Kurtus, ii, 288

Kyphosidæ, ii, 349, 364, 398

Kyphosus, ii, 350 figure of, ii, 349

Labidesthes, i, 313; ii, 218

Labrodon, ii, 385

Labrax, ii, 330

Labridæ, i, 207; ii, 372, 385, 390, 396

Labrus, i, 207, 260, 267, 391; ii, 385, 387

labyrinthine fishes, ii, 365, 370

Labyrinthinci, i, 149; ii, 365, 379 Day on, ii, 365 Gill on, ii, 365

Labyrinthodontidæ, i, 86

lac de marbre, ii, 109

Lacépède, i, 376, 389 portrait of, i, 399

Lachnolæmus, ii, 388 figure of, ii, 387

Lactariidæ, ii, 356

Lactarius, ii, 358

Lactophrys, ii, 417 figure of, i, 214, 373, 377, 378; ii, 416, 417 skeleton of, figured, ii, 418

ladyfish, i, 117, 198; ii, 388 figure of, i, 147; ii, 44 transformations in, i, 147

La Favorite, the, i, 408

Lafayette, ii, 356

Lagocephalus, figure of, ii, 419

Lagodon, ii, 344

Lake Bonneville, ancient outlet of, i, 303

lake herring, ii, 65-67

lake lamprey, head of, figured, i, 111 mouth figured, i, 492

578Lake Nicaragua, shark from, i, 542

Lake Patzcuaro, viviparous fishes from, i, 126

Lake Pontchartrain, fish fauna of, i, 314

lake trout, ii, 66, 115 figure of, ii, 114

lake whiting, ii, 65

Lamdodus, i, 522

Laminaria, ii, 544

Lamnidæ, i, 532, 537, 538, 542

Lamna, i, 534, 538 teeth of, figured, i, 537 figure of, 447

lamnoid sharks, i, 519, 533 distinguished, i, 534 families of, i, 534

Lampetra, i, 491 figure of, i, 120, 492

lamprey, i, 28, 35, 56, 111, 204, 249, 290, 490, 506 ascending brook figured, i, 496 brain of, i, 112 catfishes destroyed by, i, 358 extinct forms, i, 487 fate of, i, 504 food of, i, 491 gill-basket of, figured, i, 92, 485 Kamchatka, i, 495 method of attack, i, 493 migration of, i, 494 orders of, i, 488 parasites of, i, 354 Reighard on, i, 491 spawning of, i, 498, 500 structure of, i, 486 Surface on, i, 491

Lamprididæ, ii, 16 family of, ii, 243

Lampris, i, 210, 322; ii, 228, 245, 288 figure of, i, 323 shoulder-girdle, figured, ii, 243

Lanarkia, i, 570, 622 figure of, i, 574

lancelet, i, 28, 31, 121, 204, 482-485, 506; ii, 467 characteristics of, i, 482 figure of, i, 484 habits of, i, 483 vertebral column of, i, 55

lancet-fish, ii, 408 figure of, ii, 135

lancet of surgeon-fish, i, 181

lane-snapper, figure of, ii, 336

Lankester, i, 61, 87, 426, 571, 593

lantern-fishes, ii, 41, 61, 128, 129, 525 figure of, ii, 133

lantern-flounder, ii, 488

laolach, i, 620

Laparus, ii, 518

large-mouthed black bass, figure of, ii, 305

Larimus, ii, 355

Larvacea, i, 470, 473 figure of, i, 480

larval development of fishes, i, 139-141, 143-147, 174-176 Dean on, i, 139 in common eel, i, 141 Gilbert on, i, 142 figures showing, i, 140-142 in brook lamprey, i, 140 in sturgeon, i, 141

larval flounder, figure of, ii, 483

larval forms, of Chætodon, i, 144 figures of, i, 140-142 of flounder, figured, i, 147, 175, 176 of ladyfish, i, 147 of Lepidosiren, i, 620, 621 of Mola, i, 143, 145 of sailfish, i, 140 of swordfish, i, 139

Lasianius, figure of, i, 580

Lateolabrax, i, 324; ii, 320

lateral fold, i, 64 Balfour on, i, 71-73 Kerr on, i, 72 Mollier on, i, 71

lateral line, i, 9, 22, 23 a mucous channel, i, 22 Dean on, i, 23 function of, i, 23 relation to touch, i, 122 in singing-fish, figured, i, 23

Lates, ii, 320, 330

Latham, i, 396

Latilidæ, the, ii, 361, 363

Latilus, ii, 362

Latrididæ, ii, 363, 364, 426

Latris, ii, 363

lavaret, ii, 65

lawyer, ii, 335, 538

Lay, i, 409

Leach, i, 396

leather-carp, i, 151

leather-jackets, ii, 272, 413

Lebias, ii, 198, 201

lectocephalous condition, Günther on, i, 142

Leidy, i, 426

Leiognathidæ, ii, 287, 348

Leiognathus, ii, 287

Leiostomus, ii, 356

Leiuranus, ii, 150

length of intestine, i, 33

Lentipes, ii, 466

leopard toadfish, figure of, ii, 525

Lepadogaster, i, 263; ii, 531

Lepechin, i, 396

Lepidaplois, ii, 390 figure of, ii, 389

Lepidocottus, ii, 426, 449