GUIDE TO ENGLISH MEDALS EXHIBITED.

EDWARD IV. 1461—1483.

1. John Kendal, 1480. Obv. Bust r., in armour, wearing cross of order of St. John. IO. KENDAL RHODI TVRCVPELLERIVS. Rev. Shield, arms of Kendal, the cross of St. John in chief. TEMPORE OBSIDIONIS TVRCHORVM. MCCCCLXXX. Bronze. Size 2·2. Cast and chased. Italian.

John Kendal was Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in London in 1491 and 1501 (Willis's Mit. Abb.). He was Lieutenant of the Grand Master in Italy, England, Flanders, and Ireland, and in virtue of that office was engaged in 1480 in raising recruits for the defence of Rhodes against the Turks.

HENRY VIII. 1509—1547.

2. Badge of Rose. Obv. Bust of King l., wearing hat, cloak, &c. HENRICVS VIII. DEI GRA. REX ANGL. FRANC. DOM. HYB. Rev. Tudor rose; above, ODOR EIVS VT LIBANI; below, DEFENSOR FIDEI. Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased.

This medal is without date; but the title of Lord of Ireland (DOM. HYB.) shows that it was executed before 1541.

3. Medallic Portrait. Bust of King, nearly full face, towards r., wearing hat with feather and ermine cloak; around neck, collar and medal, cross of St. George. Copper gilt. Size 3·9. Cast.

This portrait is after a painting by Holbein.

4—5. Portrait with title of "Head of the Church," 1545. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing cap, ermine cloak, and collar. HENRICVS OCTA. &c. FIDEI DEFENSOR ET IN TERR. ECCLE. ANGLI. ET HIBE. SVB CHRIST. CAPVT SVPREMVM. Rev. Two inscriptions of same import as that on the obverse; one in Hebrew, the other in Greek; above H. R.; below, Londini, 1545. Gold and silver. Size 2·05. Cast and chased.

Henry's supremacy over the church was acknowledged by the clergy 1531, and confirmed by Parliament 1534. This medal was not struck till 1545.

6. Badge. Half-length figure of King, full face, wearing hat, robes trimmed with fur, &c. HENRIC. OCT. REX ANGL. Z. FRANC. Laurel-border. Silver. Oval. Size 2·3. Cast and chased.

This may have been worn as a badge of some society.

7. Anne Boleyn, 1534. Obv. Bust of Queen, nearly full face, towards l., wearing coif with veil, &c., in field, A. R. THE MOOST HAPPI. ANNO 1534. Reverse plain. Lead. Size 1·5. Cast.

Anne Boleyn, daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, and second wife of Henry VIII., married 1535, and beheaded 19th May, 1536.

8. Sir Thomas More, 1535. Obv. Bust r., wearing biretta and fur cloak. THOMAS MORVS ANGLIÆ CANCEL. Rev. A cypress felled, the axe in the trunk. SVAVIVS OLET. Copper. Size 2·3. Cast and chased.

Sir Thomas More, born 1480, was appointed Keeper of the Great Seal 1529; beheaded 6 July, 1535. The reverse typifies More under the form of a cypress, which has fallen under the stroke of the axe, but whose odour has thus become more fragrant.

9. Another. Obv. Bust of More, three quarters l., wearing biretta, fur cloak, &c. EFFIGIES THOMÆ MORI MARTIRIS ANGLI. Rev. Bust of St. Thomas à Becket, three quarters r., in archiepiscopal dress, holding cross and book. S. THOMAS ARCHIEP. CANTVAR. MART. AN. 1171. Silver. Size 1·45. All engraved.

This medal draws a parallel between the death of St. Thomas à Becket and Sir Thomas More, both champions of their faith, and both put to death under royal displeasure.

10. Thomas Cromwell, 1538. Obv. Bust l., wearing cap and gown trimmed with fur. IMAGO D. THOMÆ CRVMVELLI REG'. SECRET'. AN^o. 38. Rev. Within garter, armorial shield of Cromwell, two coats quarterly: coronet attached to rim for suspension. Silver-gilt. Size 2·05. Cast and chased.

Thomas Cromwell, born 1490, was secretary to Wolsey, and afterwards promoted by Henry VIII. to the highest offices of the State; created Earl of Essex April 1540 and beheaded in July of same year.

11. Michael Mercator, 1539. Obv. Bust, three quarters l., wearing cap, fur cloak, &c. A REGE ANGLORVM PRIMI MILITIS CREATI EX VENLO EFFIGIES. Rev. MICHAEL MERCATOR ÆTATIS SVÆ XLVIII. GRATIA DEO ET REGI. MDXXXIX.; Engraved. Silver. Size 1·8. Cast and chased.

In 1528 Michael Mercator, or, as Sir Thomas More in writing to Wolsey calls him, Michael the Gueldrois, was sent to Henry VIII. by Mons. de Ysselstein, on a confidential mission respecting the affairs of the Low Countries. Again in 1538 in two letters of Floris d'Egmont, Count of Buren and Lord of Ysselstein, one to Henry VIII. and the other to Cromwell, we find him requesting the kind reception of Michael Mercator. These letters also refer to Mercator's artistic skill, and we learn from Puteanus or Du Puy that he excelled in medallic portraits, and that this medal, which is of contemporary workmanship, was executed by himself. It was on this second visit to England that he received the order of Knighthood from the King.

12. Another. Similar: bust in profile l., and reverse inscription in relief. Lead. Size 1·8. Cast.

EDWARD VI. 1547—1553.

13. Portrait, 1547. Obv. Half-length figure of King l., wearing cap with feather, doublet, chain, &c.; in r. hand, scroll. EDVARDVS V. (sic) DEI GRA. AN. REX; incuse. No reverse. Lead. Size 2·9. Cast and chased.

A contemporary cast in lead, possibly a proof from a silver plate. This medal is unique, and was obtained by exchange from the Museum at Geneva.

14. Coronation, 1547. Obv. Half-length figure of King r., crowned, in armour, holding sword and orb. Inscription in Latin in three circles giving his titles, date of coronation MDXLVII. XX. FEBRVA. &c. Rev. Two inscriptions, one in Hebrew, the other in Greek of the same import as that on obverse; above, Lambhith, i.e. Lambeth. Gold. Size 2·35. Cast and chased.

The first coronation medal executed in England. The inscriptions are similar to those on the medals of Henry VIII., struck to commemorate his supremacy over the church. (Nos. 4-5.)

MARY. 1553—1558.

(Medals by Giacomo da Trezzo.2)

15. Condition of England, 1554? Obv. Half-length figure of Queen l., wearing coif with veil, embroidered gown, pendant pearl, &c. MARIA I. REG. ANGL. FRANC. ET HIB. FIDEI DEFENSATRIX. IAC. TREZ. Rev. Mary, as Peace, seated r., holding olive branch and palm, and burning instruments of war; behind, group of suppliants; in distance, circular temple. CECIS VISVS TIMIDIS QVIES. Copper. Size 2·6. Cast and chased.

The design on the reverse of this medal is probably emblematic of the condition of England. By Evelyn and others it was supposed to refer to the suppression of Wyat's rebellion, and to the encouragement given to the Papal party. It was probably executed by Trezzo during his residence at Madrid.

16. Portraits of Mary and Philip, 1555. Obv. Half-length figure of Queen l., same as preceding. Rev. Half-length figure of Philip II., king of Spain r., in armour. PHILIPPVS REX, &c., IAC. TREZZO F. 1555. Copper-gilt. Size 2·6. Cast and chased.

This medal was executed some little time after the marriage of Mary and Philip in 1554.

17—18. Another. Obv. Bust of Queen l., wearing coif with veil and embroidered gown. MARIA I. REG. ANGL. &c. Rev. Bust of Philip r., in armour. PHILIP. D. G. HISP. REX. Gold and silver. Size 1·45. Cast and chased.

The portraits are similar to those on the previous medals.

ELIZABETH. 1558—1603.

19. Badge of Garter. Obv. Bust of Queen l., wearing coronet of pearls, large ruff, &c. Inscr. of Garter. Rev. Ornamented shield, royal arms supported by angel. Inscr. of Garter. Silver. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast and chased.

Probably executed for presentation on special occasions.

20. "Phœnix Badge," 1574. Obv. Bust of Queen l., wearing pearls in hair, ruff, &c. ELIZABETHA D. G. ANG. &c. Around—

Rev. Phœnix amid flames: above, monogram of Queen, crowned, and 1574 engraved roughly; around,

Silver. Size 1·75. Cast and chased.

The legends may indicate the apprehension for the Queen's life occasioned by the severe plague, which visited London in 1574.

21. Defeat of the Spanish Armada, &c., 1588—9. Obv. Bust of Queen in high relief, facing, crowned, wearing high ruff, &c., and holding sceptre; and orb. DITIOR IN TOTO NON ALTER CIRCVLVS ORBE. Rev. Bay-tree uninjured by lightning on inhabited island inscribed, NON IPSA PERICVLA TANGVNT: border of leaves. Gold. Oval. Size 2·35. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

This medal records not only the defeat of the Spanish Armada, but also the averting of other dangers which at that time threatened both England and her Sovereign. The Queen of Scots was dead; James of Scotland had been conciliated; the Duke of Guise was dead, and France and the Vatican were baffled. The bay-tree was deemed incapable of injury from lightning.

22—23. Another. Similar: on obverse, bust of Queen, three quarters l., without sceptre and orb, and on reverse, E. R. in field, and no buildings on island. Gold and silver (with original chain). Size 1·9. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

24. Another. Obv. Similar: bust of Queen l., with pearls in hair, ELIZABETH. D. G. ANGLIE, &c. Rev. Ark in waves; above, sun. SEVAS (sic) TRANQVILLA PER VNDAS. Silver. Size 2. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

This medal refers only to the defeat of the Spanish Armada. The English flag-ship was called the "Royal Ark," which may have suggested the reverse type.

25. Another. Obv. Pope, kings and others seated in council, with eyes bandaged; floor covered with spikes; above, O COECAS HOMINVM MENTES, O PECTORA COECA; around, DVRVM EST CONTRA STIMVLOS CALCITRARE. (Acts ix. 5.) Rev. Fleet driven on rocks; above, VENI VIDE VIVE. 1588; around, TV DEVS MAGNVS ET MAGNA FACIS TV SOLVS DEVS. (Ps. lxxxvi. 10.) Silver. Size 2. Struck. Dutch.

The obverse satirizes the confederation formed against Elizabeth by the Pope, the King of Spain, the Emperor, and others; the reverse represents the defeat of the Armada.

26. Another. Obv. Naval engagement, destruction of Spanish fleet. FLAVIT ET DISSIPATI SVNT. 1588; above, Jehovah, in Hebrew. Rev. Church on rock amid stormy waves; beneath, shield, arms of Prince Maurice crowned. ALLIDOR NON LÆDOR. Silver. Size 2. Struck. Dutch.

The destruction of the Armada was due in great measure to the violence of a storm. As this medal bears the shield of Prince Maurice, it is probable that it was struck by his direction in Holland.

27. Mary, Queen of Scots, 1567? Obv. Bust r., wearing cap with veil, ruff, &c. MARIA STOVVAR REGI. SCOTI. ANGLI. IA. PRIMAVE. Reverse plain. Copper. Size 2·5. Cast. By G. Primavera.3

This medal presents us with a remarkable portrait of Mary Queen of Scots, and is the work of Giacomo Primavera. Its date is uncertain, but judging from other existing portraits of Mary, it was probably executed about the same time as the Morton portrait, which was painted by order of Mary during her imprisonment in Lochleven Castle, 1566—67. There are modern casts of this medal, to which a reverse has been added. (See guide to Italian medals, No. 181.)

28. Richard Shelley, 1577. Obv. Half-length figure r., in armour with cross of Knights of St. John on breastplate. RICARDVS SCELLEIVS PRIOR ANGLIAE AN. A. LXIIII. Rev. Arm issuing from clouds holding shield with crest, arms of Shelley. PRO FIDE SPOLIATI CLYPEVS OBSES. Copper. Size 2·75. Cast and chased. Italian work.

Sir Richard Shelley born in 1514 was a Knight of Malta, Grand Prior of England, and as Turcopelier, took part in the defence of Malta against the Turks in 1565. He died abroad, probably at Venice, where this medal appears to have been executed.

29. Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 1587. Obv. Bust, three-quarters l., wearing cap and armour much ornamented. ROBE. CO. LEIC. ET IN BELG. GVBER. 1587. Rev. Sheep in flat country, dog leaving them; under dog, INVITVS DESERO; around, NON GREGEM SED INGRATOS. Silver. Size 1·85. Cast and chased. Dutch.

Leicester, being superseded in the command of the combined armies of the English and Protestants of the United Provinces by Maurice second son of the Prince of Orange, left the country in disgust. This and the following medals were probably executed for Leicester before his departure from Holland.

30. Another. Similar: type varied, sheep in hilly country, &c. Silver. Size 1·85. Cast and chased. Dutch.

MEDALS BY STEPHEN OF HOLLAND.4

31. William, Earl of Pembroke, 1562. Obv. Bust r., in armour, head bare. GVILI. COMES PENNEBROCK. A^o. 1562. STE. H. Rev. Dragon, beside which, allegorical female figure pointing at temple of Virtue. DRACO HIC VER'. VIRTVTVV̄. CVSTOS. Silver. Size 1·75. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

William Herbert, statesman and soldier, son of Sir Richard Herbert, elected K.G. in 1548, and created Earl of Pembroke in 1551. He died in 1570. The Earl's badge was a green dragon, which may have suggested the reverse.

32. Edmund Withipoll, 1562. Bust r., in toga, head bare. EDMVND WITHIPOLL. ÆT. 48. 1562. Silver. Size 1·7. Cast and chased. A plaque.

Edmund Withipoll with his father? Paul Withipoll received in 1545 the great tithes of Walthamstow with the manor and rectory, and also the manor of Marks in Essex upon the dissolution of the monastery of St. Helen's.

33. Another. Obv. Bust, three quarters l., wearing bonnet, doublet, &c. EDMVND WITHIPOLL. Æ. 48. STE. H. F. Silver. Size 1·7. Cast and chased. A plaque.

34. Sir Thomas Stanley, 1562. Obv. Bust r., wearing bonnet, doublet, &c. THOMAS STANLEY. ÆT. 50. STE. H. Rev. Shield, arms of Stanley, surmounted by crest, a stag. Silver. Size 1·7. Cast and chased.

Sir Thomas Stanley, third son of Thomas Stanley of Dalgarth in Cumberland, was one of the assay masters of the mint during the reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI., appointed controller by Elizabeth, and Master 1573. He died 1576.

35. Richard Martin and his wife Dorcas Eglestone, 1562. Obv. Bust of Martin r., wearing bonnet, cloak, &c. RICHARD MARTIN. ÆT. 28. A^o. 1562. STE. H. Rev. Bust of Mistress Martin l., wearing cap, fur cloak, &c. DORCAS EGLESTONE VX. RICHARD MARTIN. ÆT. 25. Silver. Size 2·25. Cast and chased.

Richard Martin was Lord Mayor of London, 1589, and at various times Warden and Master of the Mint. Died 1617. His wife Dorcas died 1599.

36. Elizabeth, Marchioness of Northampton, 1562. Obv. Bust l., wearing cap, gown, &c. ELIZABET. MARQVI. NORTHAMPTON. STE. H. F. Rev. Faith holding book, and supporting cross. SOLA TVTA FIDES. A^o. 1562. Silver. Size 1·55. Cast and chased.

Elizabeth, daughter of George Lord Cobham, was the second wife of William Parr, Marquis of Northampton.

37. Maria Newce, wife of John Dymock, 1562. Obv. Bust l., wearing cap, gown, &c. MARIA NEWCE VX. IOH̄S DIMOCK. STE. H. Rev. Allegorical female figure holding stag by the horns near a fountain. SICVT CERV'. AD FŌTES AQVARV̄. (cf. Ps. 41. 2.) Silver. Size 1·5. Cast and chased.

From the 'visitation' of Hertfordshire 1579 it would appear that this lady was one of the daughters of Clement Newce of Much Hadham, citizen and mercer of London, who died in 1579.

JAMES I. 1603—1625.

38. James, as King of Scotland. Marriage, 1590. Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in armour. IACOBVS 6. D. G., &c. Rev. Between I.R. crowned and 6 beneath, thistles surmounted by crown, &c. NEMO ME IMPVNE LACESSET. 1590. Gold. Size 1·6. Cast and chased.

James married in 1590 Anne daughter of Frederick II. King of Denmark.

39. Accession to English Throne, 1603. Obv. Bust of King, three quarters r., laureate, wearing armour, cloak, &c. IAC. I. TOTIVS INS. BRYT. IMP. ET FRANC. ET HIB. REX. Rev. Royal shield, garnished and crowned. IVGI CONCORDIA FLORENT. Silver. Size 1·7. Struck.

On this medal James styles himself Emperor. This is the first instance of an English sovereign assuming the title.

40. Queen Anne (of Denmark): coronation, 1603. Bust of Queen, three quarters l., hair arranged high, wearing lace collar, jewels, &c. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. A plaque.

The coronation of James and Anne was celebrated on the 25th July 1603.

41. Queen Anne (of Denmark), 1619? Obv. Bust of Queen l., wearing necklace, embroidered gown, &c. ANNA D. G. ANGL. &c. Rev. Pine tree crowned; above, name of Jehovah in clouds: across tree, scroll inscribed, LA MIA GRANDEZZA DALL ECCELSO. Silver. Size 2. Cast and chased.

This medal was probably struck upon the death of the Queen in 1619. The device is an illustration of her motto.

42. Peace with Spain, 1604. Obv. Bust of King, three quarters r., wearing hat crowned, doublet, &c. IACOBVS D. G. ANG. &c. Rev. Peace and Religion with emblems, &c. HINC PAX COPIA CLARAQ. RELIGIO; in ex., A. 1604. Gold. Size 1·45. Struck, with ring for suspension.

This medal was struck to commemorate the peace concluded with Spain in 1604.

43. Another. Similar: with ornamental border and loop for suspension. Silver. Size 1·9. Cast and chased.

44. Another. Similar: bust of King r., laureate, wearing armour, &c. Legend varied. Silver. Size 1·5. Cast and chased.

45. Gunpowder Plot, 1650. Obv. Snake gliding amongst lilies and roses. DETECTVS QVI LATVIT. S. C. Rev. Radiate name of Jehovah within crown of thorns. non DorMItastI AntIstes IaCobI; chronogrammatic. Silver. Size 1·15. Struck. Dutch.

This medal was struck in Holland by order of the Senate to commemorate the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot.

46—47. Alliance of England, France and the United Provinces, 1609. Obv. Radiate name of Jehovah above three hearts united. IVNCTA CORDA FIDELIVM. Rev. Rose of England, Lily of France, both crowned, and Belgic Lion. CONTRA VIM TIRANNORVM. 1609. Gold and silver. Size 2. Struck. Dutch.

Struck by order of the Government of the United Provinces upon the occasion of the alliance of the three powers after the delivery of the Provinces from the Spaniards.

48. Henry, Prince of Wales, 1612? Obv. Bust of Prince, three-quarters l., in armour, &c. HENRICVS PRINCEPS. Rev. Royal shield with label in chief, crowned. FAX MENTIS HONESTÆ GLORIA. Gold. Size 1·1. Struck.

Henry Prince of Wales died 6th Nov. 1612, when this medalet was probably struck.

49. Frederick, Count Palatine, King of Bohemia, &c., 1627. Obv. Bust r., laureate, wearing deep collar, armour, &c. FRIDERICVS D. G. REX BOHE. &c. S. D. R. F. 1627. Rev. Lion sejant gardant crowned, holding sceptre and orb; above, five hands from clouds supporting crown. Gold. Oval. Size 2·15. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. German work.

Frederick, Count Palatine, Elector, &c., married, 1613, Elizabeth, daughter of James I., elected King of Bohemia, 1619. The five hands which support the crown represent Bohemia and the four Protestant provinces, Moravia, Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, which favoured his election. The lion is the crest of the Counts Palatine.

50. Marriage of Frederick, Count Palatine, and Princess Elizabeth, 1613. Obv. Bust of Frederick r., in armour, &c., FRIDERICVS D. G. COM. PAL. R. &c. Rev. Bust of Elizabeth, three quarters l., wearing high ruff, embroidered gown, &c. ELISABETHA D. G. COM. PAL. R. &c.; ornamental border. Silver-gilt. Size 1·65. Cast.

The marriage of the Elector Frederick with the Princess Elizabeth took place 11th Feb. 1612—13.

51. Coronation of Frederick, King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth, 1619. Obv. Busts r., of King laureate, and in armour, &c.; of Queen draped; above, VIVANT FLOREANT; below, C. PRIVIL. S. R. M.; around, FRIDERICVS ET ELISABETHA D. G. CORON. R. R. BOEMIAE. Rev. Within inscription of Garter, lion sejant gardant, holding sword, before rose-tree bearing roses, and orb, inscribed M. D. I. V. Æ.; in background, thorns; below, serpent; above, VT ROSA INTER SPINAS. Silver. Oval. Size 2·05. Cast and chased. German work.

Frederick was elected Knight of the Garter Feb. 1613.

52. Maurice, Prince of Orange, &c., 1613. obv. Bust, three-quarters r., in armour, &c. MAVRITIVS AVR. PRINC. &c., 1613. Rev. Shield, arms of Maurice with the Garter; above, crown. Silver. Oval. Size 2·35. Cast; with ring for suspension.

Maurice, Prince of Orange, was elected Knight of the Garter, 4th February, 1613.

53. Another, 1624. Obv. Within border of shields of the United Provinces, &c., bust, three quarters r., in armour. MAVRITIVS D. G. PRINCEPS AVRIACÆ, &c., J. M. BYLAER f. Rev. Within laurel-wreath, crowned shield, arms of Maurice with inscr. of Garter; beneath, le Maintiendray, and, 16 cum Privil. 24. Silver. Size 2·6. Struck. Dutch, by J. M. Bylaer.

Vanloon (II. 55) thinks that this medal was struck in commemoration of the victories gained in 1624 by the Dutch fleet over that of Spain off Peru and Brazil.

54. Badge. Obv. Bust of King, three quarters r., wearing hat with feather, &c. IACOBVS D. G. MAG. BRITA. &c. Rev. Ark in sea; above, clouds raining. STET SALVVS IN VNDIS. Silver. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast.

The ark probably symbolizes the Church, and is emblematic of England after the disturbances of the Reformation.

55. Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham, 1618? Obv. Bust of Nicholas Wadham, three quarters r., wearing cloak, &c. WHEN CHRIST WHO IS OUR LIFE SHAL APPEARE. Rev. Bust of Dorothy Wadham three-quarters l., wearing hat, embroidered gown, &c. WE SHAL APPEARE WITH HIM IN GLORY: on either side, border, floral wreath united by skulls. Silver. Oval. Size 2·1. Cast and chased.

Nicholas Wadham, founder of the college named after him at Oxford, died 1609. His wife died 1618. This medal is supposed to have been then struck.

56. Richard Harington, 1609. Obv. Bust l., wearing cloak and armour. RIC. DE HARINGTŌ. Rev. Cupid with club and bow before a tree from which fall leaves, which he has beaten down: the tree is on a mound inscribed, 1609. AMOR NON FLORE SED FRVCTV. Silver-gilt. Size 1·75. Cast and chased.

Unknown.

57. Sir Thomas Bodley, 1612. Obv. Bust r., in academical dress TH. BODLY EQ. AVR. PVBL. BIBLIOTH. OXON. FVNDATOR. WARIN. Rev. Aeternitas holding heads of Sun and Moon. R. P. LITERARIAE AETERNITAS. Lead. Size 2. Struck.

Sir Thomas Bodley, the founder of the public library at Oxford, died in 1612. This medal, the work of Varin, was not executed till some years after his death.5

ENGRAVED PORTRAITS BY SIMON PASSE.6

58. Elizabeth. Obv. Bust of Queen, three quarters r., crowned, wearing high ruff, &c.; above, Si. Passe. Rev. Royal shield within Garter, crowned, supporters, lion and griffin; above, DIEV ET MON DROIT; beneath, on tablet:

Silver. Oval. Size 2·4.

This plate was not engraved till some years after the death of Elizabeth. It is copied from a miniature by Isaac Oliver. The inscription is said to have been the extempore production of a Westminster scholar, Elizabeth herself having proposed her armorial bearing as the subject of an epigram.

59. James I., 1616. Obv. Bust of King, three quarters r., head bare, wearing ruff, collar of Garter, &c., above, crown dividing I. R., at sides SP fe. Jacobus D. G. Mag. Britt. &c. Rev. Royal shield within Garter, supporters, &c.; below, motto, BEATI PACIFICI. IACOBUS DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ, &c. Silver. Oval. Size 2·2.

60. Another. Obv. Varied; King wears hat; below, Simon Passæus sculp.: no legend. Rev. Similar. Silver. Oval. Size 2·2.

61. Queen Anne (of Denmark), 1616. Obv. Bust of Queen, three quarters l., wearing high collar, &c.; above, crown dividing A. R.; at sides SP fe. Anna D. G. Mag. Britt. &c. Rev. Danish shield of Queen crowned, with supporters; below, her motto, La mia Grandezza dal Eccelso. ANNA DEI GRATIA MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ, &c. Silver. Oval. Size 2·2.

62. Charles, Prince of Wales, 1616. Obv. Bust of Prince, three quarters r., head bare, wearing ruff, armour, &c. Carolus Princeps Walliæ. Rev. Shield of Prince crowned within Garter: below, Anno D. 1616. Si. Pa. fec. ILLUSTRISS. ET POTEN. PR. CAROLUS PRINCEPS WALLIÆ DUX CORN. YOR ET ALB. ETC. Silver. Oval. Size 2·2.

63. Another, 1616. Obv. Bust of Prince, three quarters r., head bare, wearing ruff, doublet, &c. ILLUSTRISS. ET POTEN. PRINC. CAROLUS, &c.: below, Simon Passæus sculp. Rev. Prince on horseback r.; in the distance, view of London: below, Prince's plumes between CAROLUS PRINCEPS. S. P. sc. Silver. Oval. Size 2·4.

64. James. I., Anne of Denmark, and Prince Charles, 1616. Obv. Busts of King, Queen and Prince similar to those on Nos. 60—62. Rev. Two shields, arms of King and Queen with supporters, &c., below, Prince's plumes and mottoes of King and Queen. POTENTISS. IACOBVS D. G. MAG. BRITT. &c. Silver. Oval. Size 2·5.

65. Frederick, Count Palatine, Elizabeth, and Prince Frederick, 1616. Obv. Portraits, facing, of Frederick, Elizabeth his wife, and their eldest son Prince Frederick. Rev. Two shields, arms of Frederick and Elizabeth supported by two lions: above, his helmet and crest; below, his motto, SVPERATA TELLVS SYDERA Donat. EFFIG. ILLVST. PR. FREDERICI D. G. CO. PAL. &c. Silver. Oval. Size 2·5.

The young prince here represented with his parents was Prince Frederick, who was drowned on a journey from Amsterdam to Utrecht 1626.

66. George Villiers, Marquis of Buckingham, 1618. Obv. Bust, three quarters r., wearing ruff, embroidered doublet, &c. NOBILISS. DN'. GEORGIUS VILL. MARCHIO BUCKINGHAMIÆ, &c. Rev. Shield, arms of the Marquis within Garter, supporters, helmet, crest, and motto, Fidei Coticula Crux; behind, two anchors. Silver. Oval. Size 2·4.

George Villiers was created Marquis of Buckingham in 1618, and Duke in 1623, so that this piece must have been executed between those dates. He was assassinated in 1628.

67. Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, Lord Buckhurst. Obv. Half-length figure, three quarters l., wearing high collar, &c. Rev. Shield, arms of the Earl with supporters, &c., and motto, TOVSIOVR LOYAL. CLARISSIMVS D'. RICHARD'. SACKVILE BARO BVCKHVRSTIÆ COM^ES DORCESTRIÆ. Silver. Oval. Size 2·15.

Richard Sackville, third Earl of Dorset, born 1589, died 1624.

CHARLES I. 1625—1649.

68. Coronation, 1626. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, &c., CAROLVS I. D. G. MAG. BRITAN. &c. N.B. Rev. Arm issuing from cloud brandishing sword. DONEC PAX REDDITA TERRIS: in ex., CORON. 2. FEBRV. 1626. Gold. Size 1·2. Struck. By Nicholas Briot.7

The reverse inscription refers to the determination of Charles to assist the United Provinces in establishing their independence, and to restore Frederick Count Palatine to the throne of Bohemia.

69. Dominion of the sea, 1630. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing ruff, armour, &c. CAROLVS I. D. G. MAG. BRITAN̄IÆ, &c. N. BRIOT. Rev. Man-of-war in full sail. NEC META MIHI QVÆ TERMINVS ORBI. Gold. Size 2·4. Cast and chased. By Nicholas Briot.

This medal was executed in assertion of the claims of England to the dominion of the sea.

70. Another. Similar. Silver. Size 2·2. Cast and chased.

71. Another. Similar: on obverse, portrait much varied, bust with collar, &c.; legend and signature varied; on arm, 1639. Silver. Size 2·35. Cast and chased.

This is a reproduction of the previous medal with an older portrait.

72. Birth of Prince Charles, 1630. Obv. Bust of King l., crowned &c. CAROLVS D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Prince on couch between Mercury and Mars, holding wreaths over his head. REDDAT AVOS. MAII 29. 1630. Gold. Size 1·2. Struck. By Nicholas Briot.

73. Reverses of Frederick and Elizabeth of Bohemia, 1632. Obv. Busts of Frederick and Elizabeth r.; King laur., &c. FRID. ET ELIZ. D. G. RR. BOH. &c. Rev. Setting sun. SOL OCCIDENS RENASCITVR. EC. I. 1632. Silver. Size 2·05. Cast and chased.

The successes of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, who was assisted by the English, revived for a short time the hopes of Frederick of regaining the throne of Bohemia, from which he had been driven by Ferdinand II., the Emperor, in 1620. This medal, which is of coarse work, was executed in Germany. The artist is unknown.

74. Scottish Coronation, 1633. Obv. Bust of King l., crowned, &c. CAROLVS D. G. SCOTIÆ ANGLIÆ, &c. Rev. Thistle and rose-tree combined. HINC NOSTRÆ CREVERE ROSÆ; in ex., CORON. 18. IVNII. 1633. B.; on edge, EX AVRO VT IN SCOTIA REPERITVR. BRIOT FECIT EDINBVRGI 1633. Gold. Size 1·1. Struck. By Nicholas Briot.

This medalet was struck upon the coronation of Charles at Edinburgh. The gold of which these medals were made was found in the mines situated in Niddesdale and Clydesdale. There are specimens in silver of this medal with the same inscription on the edge.

75. Another. Similar: varied and thin: no inscr. on edge. Gold. Size 1·1. Struck.

76—77. Return from Scottish Coronation to London, 1633. Obv. King on horse prancing l., &c.; above, eye of Providence; on the ground, plumed helmet, 1633, &c. CAROLVS AVGVSTISS. ET INVICTISS. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. ET HIB. MONARCHA. Rev. View of London; above, sun in clouds. SOL ORBEM REDIENS SIC REX ILLVMINAT VRBEM. E. (Edinburgh). Gold and silver. Size 1·65. Struck.

Issued upon the return of the King to London after his coronation at Edinburgh in 1633.

78. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing laced collar, &c. CAR. D. G. MAG. BRITAN. &c. Rev. Same. Silver. Size 1·6. Cast and chased.

79. Dutch Fishery, 1636. Obv. Busts of King towards r., and Queen r., &c. CAR. ET MAR. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c.; in field, 1636. Rev. Justice and Peace seated kissing each other, scales and olive-branch held by genii on either side. IVSTITIA ET PAX OSCVLATÆ SVNT. PSAL. 84. Silver. Size 3·05. Cast and chased. By Heinrich Reitz.

By a treaty between England and Holland it was stipulated that the Dutch should pay £30,000 for the permission to fish in British waters. This medal was executed in Germany by Heinrich Reitz the younger, a medallist of some note, who flourished during the early part of the seventeenth century, and who worked principally for Christian I. of Saxony and the Princes of the Houses of Brandenburg and Brunswick.

80. Charles, Prince of Wales, 1638. Obv. Bust of King l., crowned, &c. CAROLVS I. D. G. ANGL. &c. B. Rev. Prince Charles on horseback r., &c., behind, plumes with motto. ILLVST. CAROLVS PRINCEPS WALLIÆ: in ex., two C's interlinked. Silver. Size 1·25. Struck. By Nicholas Briot.

Charles was first styled Prince of Wales in 1638, at which time he also received the whole profits of the principality and earldom of Chester, and held his court apart from his father.

81. Betrothal of William, Prince of Orange, and Princess Mary, 1641. Obv. William and Mary, joining hands beneath rays proceeding from dove; above each, cherub in clouds holding wreath, distant view of palace: behind each, and in ex., inscriptions referring to their births and betrothal, with Anō 1641. 12 Mai. Rev. William as Pallas trampling on Bellona and receiving olive-branch from Mary in character of Peace; around them, Victory, Plenty, and genius of Holland with emblems; above, and in ex., inscriptions: below, J. Blum. Fe. Silver. Size 2·85. Struck. By Johann Blum.

William, son of Henry, Prince of Orange, mar. in 1641, Mary, dau. of Charles I. They were the parents of William III., King of England. This medal is the work of Johann Blum, of Bremen, who also executed a large number of dies for Christian IV. and Frederick III. of Denmark.

82. Marriage of William, Prince of Orange and Princess Mary, 1641. Obv. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, seated on throne with sword in r. hand and band with seven shields of the United Provinces in l., his feet on prostrate foes; distant view of fortified city, with Prince at the head of his troops, &c. LIBERTAS PATRIÆ, ME DEFENSORE, TRIVMPHAT, &c. Rev. Palace garden within enclosure, at the entrance William receives Mary; above them, Belgic Lion, and on either side, figures of Fœcunditas and Mars: above, cherubs in clouds, and, in Hebrew, Jehovah. QVO TE MARS ET AMOR VOCAT INTRA DIVA, &c. S. D. Silver. Size 2·85. Struck. Dutch. By Sebastian Dadler.

This medal commemorates the arrival of William and Mary in Holland after their marriage. It was executed by Sebastian Dadler, a native of Strasburg and chief goldsmith at the Imperial Court. Dadler worked also for George William, Elector of Brandenburg, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and for the House of Orange. Died circ. 1654.

83. Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Knight of the Garter, 1626. Obv. Bust r., in armour, &c. FREDER. HENR. D.G. PRINCEPS AVRIAC. COM. NASS: around, seven shields, arms of the United Provinces, connected by bands held by two hands with sheaf of arrows. Rev. Within Garter, crowned shield, arms of Prince. Silver. Size 2·3. Struck. Dutch.

The Garter was conferred upon the Prince of Orange in 1626, the ceremony of investment taking place at the Hague.

84. Cecil, Lord Baltimore and his wife, 1632. Obv. Bust of Lord Baltimore, three quarters r., in armour. DM̄S CÆCILIVS BARO DE BALTEMORE ABSOLV. DM̄S TERRÆMARIÆ ET AVALONIÆ &c. Rev. Bust of Lady Baltimore three quarters r. D̄N̄A ANNA ARVNDELIA PVLCHERRIMA ET OPTIMA CONIVX CÆCILII PREDICTI. Silver. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

Cecil, Lord Baltimore mar. Anne Arundel, dau. of the first Lord Wardour. In 1632 the king granted him the province of Maryland in America, which remained in the possession of his descendants till the establishment of the American Independence in 1783.

85. Richard Weston, Earl of Portland, 1633. Bust r., wearing ruff, medal of George, &c. DO. RICH. WESTON CO. DE PORTLAND, &c. VARIN. Lead. Size 3·55. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief by J. Varin.

Richard Weston, Earl of Portland, filled the offices of High Treasurer of England, Captain and Governor of the Isle of Wight, &c. Died in 1634.

86. Thomas Cary, 1633. Bust r., wearing deep collar, armour, &c. THO. CARY R. CAROL. CVBICVLAR. ÆTATIS SVE 35. 1633. Copper. Size 3·3. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief.

Thomas Cary, son of Sir Robert Cary, warden of the Marches of the North, died in 1649. This plaque is not signed, but it is the work of Varin: some specimens bear the artist's signature.

87. Margaret Cary, 1633. Bust r., wearing low dress, &c. MARGARITA VXOR THO. CARY ÆTATIS SVE 25. 1633. VARIN. Copper. Size 3·3. Cast and chased. Plaque in high relief by J. Varin.

After the death of Cary, Margaret his widow mar. Sir Edward Herbert, Attorney-General to Charles I., and Lord Chief Justice to Charles II. during his exile.

88. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, 1641. Bust, three quarters r., in armour. Gold. Size 1. Repoussé work and chased. Plaque in high relief.

Thomas Wentworth, born 1593, was President of the North 1628, Lord Deputy of Ireland 1633, and created Earl of Strafford 1639. Beheaded 1641.

89. Declaration of Parliament, 1642. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, wearing laced collar, order of George, &c. Should hear both houses of parliamant for true Religion and subiects fredom stand; engraved. Rev. The two Houses of Parliament with the King and Speaker; the whole within wreath-border. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; with loop for suspension. By T. Rawlins.8

This medal was probably executed by order of the Parliament, the legend being in accordance with their declaration of 19th May, 1642.

90. Another. Obv. Ship in full sail l., with flags of England. Rev. The two Houses of Parliament with the King and Speaker. PRO RELIGIONE GREGE ET REGE: the whole within wreath-border. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. Dutch.

This medal appears to have been struck upon a piece of cast metal and from copper dies, which are known to have existed and are considered to be the matrices of a seal.

91. Battle of Edgehill? 1642. Obv. Half-length figure of King l., wearing robes of the order of the Garter, &c. CAR. D. G. MAG. BRI. &c.; engraved. Rev. King on horseback r.; above, genius with palm and wreath, &c.; blundered inscr. of Garter, engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased; with loop for suspension.

Probably executed by T. Rawlins after the battle of Edgehill, to which the palm and wreath allude.

92. Outbreak of Civil War and surrender of Bristol? 1643. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS D. G. ANG. &c. R. Rev. Sword and olive-branch crossed, between C.R. crowned. IN VTRVMQVE PARATVS. 1643. Silver. Size 1·15. Struck. By T. Rawlins.

This medalet may have been struck upon the surrender of Bristol to the forces of Prince Rupert in 1643.

93. Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, 1642. Obv. Half-length figure towards l., in armour holding sword; above SX. Outer legend. Should hear both houses of parliamant for true Religion and subiects fredom stand. Inner legend. Pro Religione Lege Rege et Parliamento: legends engraved. Rev. The two Houses of Parliament with King and Speaker: wreath-border. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·8. Cast and chased; with loop for suspension. Military reward.

The reverse type may refer to the declaration of Essex, in which he promised to maintain the Protestant religion, the security of the King's person, and the first privileges of Parliament and the liberty and property of the subject. Essex, born in 1582, was appointed general of the parliamentary army upon the breaking out of the Civil War in 1642. He died in 1646.

94. Another. Battle of Edgehill? 1642. Obv. The Earl of Essex on horse galloping r.; battle in the distance, &c. ROBERTVS COMES ESSEX. Rev. Shield, coronet, arms of Essex; beneath, motto, BASIS VIRTVTVM CONSTANTIA; wreath-border; legends engraved. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·9. Cast and chased; has had ring for suspension.

The battle represented on the obverse may be that of Edgehill, when victory was claimed by both sides.

95. Another. Death of Essex, 1646. Obv. Bust, facing, in armour, &c. ROBERTVS COMES ESSEXIÆ, &c. PRO REGE ET PARLIAMENTO GENERALIS. Rev. Shield and coronet, arms of Essex; beneath, skull and crossbones. OBIIT DECIMO QVARTO DIE SEPTEMBRIS ANNO DIN (sic) 1646; legends engraved. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.

A memorial of the Earl of Essex upon his death.

96. Ferdinand, Lord Fairfax, 1643. Obv. Bust, three quarters r., in armour. Rev. Shield, arms of Fairfax between palm and laurel branches: wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·75. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

Ferdinand, Lord Fairfax, at the outbreak of the civil war, was appointed commander-in-chief of the parliamentary forces of the North. He gained the battle of Marston Moor in 1644. Died 1648.

97. Another, 1643. Obv. Bust, facing, wearing armour and scarf. Rev. Shield, arms of Fairfax. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

98. Lord Kimbolton, aft. Earl of Manchester, 1643. Obv. Half-length figure, three quarters l., in armour, Pro Religione Lege Rege et Parliamento; engraved. Rev. The two Houses of Parliament, with King and Speaker; wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·7. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. Military reward.

Edward Montague, Lord Mandeville, was the eldest son of the first Earl of Manchester, and was raised to the peerage in the lifetime of his father under the title of Lord Kimbolton. He served in the parliamentary army, and held a command at Edgehill. In 1643 he received the command of the forces maintained by the seven associated counties of Essex, &c., and was present at the battle of Marston Moor. It was probably about that time that this medal was struck. He took a leading part in bringing about the Restoration, and was Lord Chamberlain to Charles II. Died in 1671.

99. John Hampden. Obv. Bust, three quarters r., wearing armour. Rev. An axe. Inimica Tyrannis. Gold. Size .8. An engraved plate of good work probably of the 18th century.

John Hampden, statesman and parliamentary leader, was killed at Chalgrove, 18th June, 1643.

100. Archbishop Laud, 1645. Obv. Bust r., wearing academical robes, biretta, &c. Reverse plain. Silver. Size 1·45. Cast and chased.

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, born in 1573, obtained in 1621 the see of St. David's, in 1625 was translated to Bath and Wells, in 1628 to London, and in 1633 to the see of Canterbury. Beheaded 10th Jan. 1645.

101—102. Another. Obv. Bust r., similar to previous medal. GVIL. LAVD ARCHIEPISC. CANTVAR. X. IAN. 1644. Rotier f. Rev. Infant angel carrying mitre and crozier of Laud towards the skies, followed by two others bearing the crown, sceptre, and orb of Charles; below, view of London. SANCTI CAROLI PRÆCVRSOR. Gold and silver. 2·25. Struck.

This medal was executed by John Roettier soon after the Restoration, circ. 1600.

103. Sir William Parkhurst, 1644. Within ornamented oval frame, half-length figure, facing, wearing cloak, &c., and holding medal of Charles I. GVILIEL. PARKHVRST EQV. AVRA. CVSTOS CAMB. ET MONET. TOT. ANGL. 1623; beneath, T. Rawlins Sculps. OXON. 1644. Silver. Size 3. Cast; a thin plate. By T. Rawlins.

Sir William Parkhurst, Warden of the Mint under James I. and Charles I., whom he accompanied to Oxford at the outbreak of the Civil War. He was reinstated in his office by Charles II., and died about 1671.

104. Sir William Waller, 1643. Obv. Bust three quarters r., wearing armour, &c. Inner legend. The valiant commander Sir William Waller. Outer legend. Should hear both houses of parliamant for true Religion and subiects fredom stand: legends engraved. Rev. The two Houses of Parliament with King and Speaker. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased. Military reward.

Sir William Waller, parliamentary general, born in 1597, knighted in 1622, was second in command under the Earl of Essex; but was removed by the Self-denying Ordinance, and becoming an object of suspicion, he was twice imprisoned. He afterwards assisted at the Restoration, and died in 1668.

105. Sir Richard Brown, 1644. Obv. Bust, three quarters l., in armour, &c. NON VIR SED VIRTVS. Rev. Shield, arms of Sir R. Brown. FOR KING AND PARLIAMENT. 1644; wreath-border. Silver. Oval. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. Military reward.

Sir Richard Brown, parliamentary general, afterwards attached himself to the royal cause and at the Restoration was created a baronet and elected Lord Mayor of London.

106—107. Sir Thomas Fairfax, 1645. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour, &c. THO. FAIRFAX MILES MILIT. PARL. DVX GEN. Rev. MERVISTI. POST HAC MELIORA. 1645. Silver-gilt and silver. Oval. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. Military reward. By T. Simon.9

Sir Thomas (Lord) Fairfax, parliamentary general, commanded at Marston Moor, was appointed general in chief of the parliamentary army to succeed Essex, 1645, and was victorious at Naseby, Colchester, &c. He resigned his post in 1650, and after assisting in bringing about the Restoration, died in 1671.

108. Prince Rupert, 1645. Obv. Bust, three quarters l., wearing armour, &c., and holding Marshal's baton. Rev. Armorial bearings of the Prince on three shields, with supporters, crest, &c.: above, R. P. Silver. Oval. Size 1·45. Cast and chased. Military reward.

Prince Rupert, son of Frederick, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth, dau. of James I., born 1619, commanded the cavalry of Charles I. during the Civil War till the surrender of Bristol in 1645. After the Restoration he commanded in the English fleet in the war against the Dutch. Died in 1682.

109. Sir Robert Heath, 1645. Obv. Bust l., wearing cap, robes of office, &c. EFFIG. R. HEATH. &c. ÆTAT. SVÆ 71. 1645. R. Rev. Shield, arms of Heath, between two laurel-branches; engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5. Cast and chased. By T. Rawlins.

Sir Robert Heath, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, dismissed by the Parliament in 1645, died in 1649.

110. Baron de Reede, 1645. Obv. Bust l., wearing cap, doublet, &c. Rev. 1645. Io. de Reede D. de Renswovde, &c. ÆTAT 52. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased. By T. Simon.

John de Reede, Lord of Renswode, Ambassador Extraordinary of the United Provinces to the Court of Charles I., by whom he was created Baron de Reede.

111. Sir John Hotham, 1645. Obv. Bust r., in armour; behind, skull, crowned. MORS MIHI VITA. Rev. Shield, arms of Hotham impaling Anlaby. Silver. Size 1·25. Cast and chased.

Sir John Hotham, Parliamentary-general, was the Governor of Hull, who closed the gates of that city against Charles I. Being suspected of treason, he was executed together with his son on Tower Hill, 2nd June, 1645.

112. Simon Beal, 1645. Half-length figure, three quarters r., in doublet and scarf, with trumpet in r. hand, &c. SIMON BEAL ÆT. SVE 28. A. 1645; wreath-border. Silver. Size 2·4. Embossed plate in high relief, chased.

Simon Beal is said to have been Sergeant-Trumpeter to the King. This medal has been attributed to T. Rawlins.

113. Earl of Loudon, 1645. Obv. Bust l., wearing cap, doublet, &c.; on arm, A.S. Rev. IOHAN. COM. LOVDOVN SVMMVS SCOTIÆ CANCELLARIVS. 1645. Silver. Size 1·45. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.10

Sir John Campbell, born 1598, elected Earl of Loudon 1633, was appointed High Chancellor of Scotland in 1641, and in 1649 President of the Session which ordered the proclamation of Charles II. Being deprived of his office he was specially exempted from the indemnity granted by Cromwell to the people of Scotland. Died 1663.

114. William Pope, 1645. Obv. Bust r., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A.S. Rev. 1645. GVLIELMVS POPE ARMIG. ÆTATIS 21. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

William Pope, a royalist and grandson of Sir William Pope, first Baron of Belturbet and Earl of Downe, died before 1660 without issue.

115. Lord Inchiquin, 1646. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A.S. Rev. 1646. HON. D. MOR. BAR. D'INCHIQVIN D. PRÆSES PROV. MOMONIÆ ÆT. 30. Silver-gilt. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Lord Murrough, Baron Inchiquin, created Earl of Inchiquin 1654, commanded in Munster, of which province he was appointed Lord President. He was at first a parliamentarian, but afterwards joined the royalist party. Died 1674.

116. Albert Joachim, 1646. Obv. Bust l., wearing official robes, &c.; on arm, A.S. Rev. 1646. ALB. IOACHIMI EQ. FÆDERAT. BELG. &c. ÆT. 86. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Albert Joachim was Ambassador Extraordinary of the United Provinces to congratulate Charles I. upon his marriage. He remained in England as Ambassador in ordinary.

117. Sidney Poyntz, 1646. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A. S. Rev. 1646. SIDEN. POINTZ 10000 EQVIT. ET PED. ASSOCIAT. SEPTENT. DVX SVM. EBOR. GVBER. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Sidney Poyntz, parliamentary general, defeated the King's forces at Rowton Heath near Chester, commanded with Rossiter in the North, and was Governor of York.

118. Earl of Dunfermline, 1646. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, A.S. Rev. CAR. SETONIVS FERMELINODVNI COM. 1646. Lead. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Charles Seton, second Earl of Dunfermline, was frequently employed in negotiations between the King and the Parliament of Scotland. After the Restoration he was appointed extraordinary Lord of the Session and Keeper of the Privy Seal. Died in 1673.

119. Earl of Lauderdale, 1646. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour, &c. IO. METALLANVS LAVDERIÆ CO.; on arm, A.S. Rev. Crest and motto of Lauderdale, lion sejant, holding sword and lis. CONSILIO ET ANIMIS. 1646. Silver. Size 1·4. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

John Maitland, second Earl of Lauderdale, born 1616, created Duke 1672, was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester: appointed in 1661 Sec. of State and High Commissioner of Scotland: aft. one of the famous Cabal Ministry. Died 1682.

120. General Rossiter, 1646. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour. Reverse plain. Gold. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast and chased. By A. ? Simon.

Edward Rossiter, parliamentary general, commanded in the North with Sidney Poyntz: concurred with Monk and Fairfax in the Restoration, and was knighted.

121. Robert Kyrle, 1646. Obv. Bust r., in armour, &c. Rev. Shield, arms of Kyrle and Money, and crest of Kyrle, hedgehog. Silver. Oval. Size 1·25. Cast and chased. By A. Simon?

Robert Kyrle of Walford Court, nephew of John Hampden was a distinguished officer under Cromwell and Captain of the Troopers, who plundered Master Swift's house at Goodrich. Died 1669.

122. Martinay, 1647. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour: on arm, A.S. Rev. IE NE VIS QV'A REGRET. 1647. Lead. Size 1·5. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

In the Med. Hist., p. 74, we find that Martinay was a French gentleman, who had taken refuge in England.

123. Uncertain Portrait. Bust r., wearing doublet. No reverse. Size 1·45. Cast and chased. By A. Simon.

Perhaps a portrait of Algernon Sidney.

124. Thomas Harper, 1647. Bust l., wearing cloak, &c. VERA EFF. T. HARPER D. ALVETON LODGE IN C. STAF. 1647; on arm, T.R. Gold. Oval. Size 1·4. Struck on a thin gold plate. By T. Rawlins.

During the civil war a parliamentary garrison was stationed at Alveton, perhaps in Harper's own house, who appears to have been a royalist, as this medal is by the royalist artist, Rawlins.

125. Memorial badge of Charles I., 1649. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c.; engraved. Rev. Shield, royal arms within Garter, crowned; engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 2·3. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

This and the following medals (Nos. 126—134) are badges evidently worn by the friends and partisans of Charles I., openly, or in secret.

126. Another. Obv. Bust of King l., wearing decorated armour, &c. CAROLVS D.G. MAG. BR. &c. Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size 1·5. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.

This medal is probably by T. Rawlins.

127. Another. Obv. Bust of King l., wearing robes and star of the Garter, &c.; in his hand, crown of thorns and scroll inscribed, CHRISTI TRACTO IANII. 30. 1648. CAROLVS PRIMVS MORITVR ET VIVIT. EST NOBILE VICENDI GENVS PATIENTIA; wreath-border. Rev. Rock, buffeted by winds and waves; on scroll, IMMOTA TRIUMPHANS. Silver. Size 1·1. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

The reverse is an imitation of engraving: some specimens are plain. There is a great variety of these badges.

128—129. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing deep lace collar, doublet, &c. CAROLVS D.G. MAG. BRI. FR. ET HIB. RX; engraved. Rev. Bust of Queen l., wearing coronet, low bodice, &c. HENRETTA MARIA D.G. MAG. BRITAN. &c. T. RAWLINS. F. Gold and silver. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

130. Another. Similar: bust of King crowned, wearing robes, collar of the Garter, &c., legend in relief and varied. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·6. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

131. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing deep lace collar, &c. CAROLVS D.G. MAG. BRI. FRA. ET HI. REX, engraved. Rev. ORTV MAGNVS CONIVGIO ET PROLE MAIOR VIRTVTE MAXIMVS; engraved; wreath border. Copper-gilt. Oval. Size 2. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

132. Another. Bust of King r., as on preceding: within wreath-border; crown above. Silver. Oval. Size 2. Cast and chased. By T. Rawlins.

On this badge all the plain ground has been removed leaving only the portrait, border, and crown. It was probably an ornament for a book-cover.

133. Another. Obv. Bust of King l., wearing doublet, &c. Rev. Shield, royal arms within the Garter, crowned: engraved. Gold. Oval. Size 1·1. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

134. Another. Obv. Bust of King, three quarters l., crowned, wearing robes and collar of the Garter, &c. Carolus Rex. Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size 2·35. An engraved plate similar to those executed by Simon Passe: but not by that artist, and of later date.

135. Death of Charles I., 1649. Obv. Bust of King l., wearing decorated armour, &c. DIVVS CAROLVS BRT. PIVS; two roses; in field, C. R., beneath which, H. M. engraved (later). Rev. Hammer striking diamond on anvil. INEXPVGNABILIS.

1648: in field, engraved (later) R N Silver. Size 1·65. Cast

W R

I K

and burnished. By T. Rawlins.

This medal is emblematic of the king's fortitude.

136. Another. Obv. Bust of King as on preceding. SVCCESSOR VERVS VTRIVSQVE: two roses. Rev. Salamander amid flames. CONSTANTIA CÆSARIS. IAN. 30. 1648. Silver. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

The Salamander was frequently adopted as an emblem of fortitude and patience under sufferings.

137. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour, &c. Inner legend. CAROLVS REX. Outer legend. POPVLE MEVS QVID FECI TIBI. 1649. (Micah vi. 3.) Rev. Head of Medusa, surrounded by legend in three circles, the two outer divided by flaming sword, arms, and thunderbolt. CONCILIABVLVM ANGLIÆ. BLASFEMANT DEVM. NECANT REGEM. SPERNVNT LEGEM. Silver. Size 2·25. Cast and chased. Dutch.

The head of Medusa is emblematic of rebellion, sedition and anarchy.

138. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour. CAROL. I. D. G. M. B. &c. N. R. F. Rev. REX PACIFICVS VICTVS VINCEBAT HOSTES VICTOR TRIVMPHAT IN CŒLIS. Silver. Size 2·3. Struck.

This medal was executed some time after the Restoration by Norbert Roettier, the son of John Roettier.

139. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., in armour and cloak. CAROL. D. G. M. B. &c. Rev. Hand from cloud holding celestial crown; below, landscape with sheep without shepherd. VIRTVT. EX ME FORTVNAM EX ALIJS Silver. Size 1·35. Struck. By Norbert Roettier.

This medal is not signed; but some specimens bear the artist's signature.

140. Giles Strangeways, 1648. Obv. Bust r., in Roman dress. ÆGIDIVS STRANGWAYS DE MELBVRY IN COM. DORCESTR. ARMIGER. IAN. R. F. Rev. The White Tower of London, with Royal standard; above, sun. DECVSQVE ADVERSA DEDERVNT: in ex., INCARCERATVS SEPT. 1645. LIBERATVS APR. 1648. Silver. Size 2·4. Struck. By John Roettier.

Giles Strangways, born at Melbury 1615, commanded a regiment of horse in the king's service in the West; was afterwards imprisoned in the Tower with his father and heavily fined. At the Restoration he represented Dorsetshire in Parliament, about which time this medal was struck.

COMMONWEALTH. 1649—1660.

141. Cromwell, "Lord General," 1650. Obv. Bust, three-quarters r., wearing armour and cloak. OLI. CROMWEL MILIT. PARL. DVX GEN. Reverse plain. Silver. Size 1·4. Struck. By T. Simon.

On the 26th June, 1650, Fairfax having resigned the command of the army, Cromwell, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was appointed Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief of all the forces of Parliament within the Commonwealth of England.

142—143. Cromwell, "Lord Protector," 1653. Obv. Bust l., wearing decorated armour and cloak. OLIVERVS DEI GRA. REIPVB. ANGLIÆ SCO. ET HIB. & PROTECTOR. THO. SIMON. F. Rev. Lion, sejant, laureate, supporting shield of the Protectorate. PAX QVÆRITVR BELLO. Gold and silver. Size 1·5. Struck. By T. Simon.

Cromwell was created Lord Protector on the 16th Dec. 1653. This portrait was copied from a miniature by Cooper now in the collection of the Duke of Devonshire.

144. Elizabeth, wife of Cromwell, 1641. Obv. Bust l., draped, &c. ELIZABETH WIFE OF O. C. L. P. 1641. Rev. ELIZEBETH DAUGHTER OF S^r. JAMES BOUCHER. 1641. Lead. Size 1·45. Cast. Unique.

Elizabeth, dau. of Sir James Boucher of Felstead, Essex, born 1598, mar. 1620, died 1672. This medal is of the time: but the date is an anachronism, as Cromwell was not Lord Protector till 1653.

145. Henry Cromwell, 1654. Obv. Bust, facing, wearing armour, &c.: on arm, A. S. Rev. HEN. CROMWELL GVB. HIB. 1654; wreath-border. Lead. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. By A. Simon.

Henry Cromwell, fourth son of the Protector, born 1627, commanded in Ireland 1649; appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland 1654; died 1673.

146. Elizabeth Cromwell, wife of John Claypole, 1658. Obv. Bust r., wearing necklace and slightly draped. Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size 1·3. Cast and chased from a model by A. Simon.

Elizabeth, second dau. of Cromwell, born 1630, mar. John Claypole, died at Hampton Court 6th Aug. 1658; was buried at Westminster Abbey.

147. John Claypole, 1658. Obv. Bust l., wearing doublet. Reverse plain. Silver. Oval. Size 1·1. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension; from a model by A. Simon.

John Claypole, husband of Elizabeth Cromwell, died 1688.

148. Henry Ireton, 1650. Obv. Head l. QVID TIBI RETRIBVAM. T. S. 1650. Rev. Soldier climbing rock and firing cottage, distant view of battle, &c. IVSTITIA NECESSITASQ. IVBET. Copper. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast and chased; with silver rim and ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

Henry Ireton, born 1610, was educated at Oxford, joined the parliamentarians and fought at Naseby, mar. Bridget, dau. of Cromwell, 1646, was appointed deputy of the Protector in Ireland 1650. Died 1651. The reverse is intended as an excuse for his conduct in Ireland.

149—150. Battle of Dunbar, 1650. Obv. Bust of Cromwell l., wearing armour and scarf; in the distance, battle. THE LORD OF HOSTS. WORD AT DVNBAR SEPTEM. Y. 3. 1650; on arm, THO. SIMON FE. Rev. Parliament assembled in one house with Speaker. Silver and copper. Oval. Size 1·3. Struck. By T. Simon.

Executed by order of Parliament for distribution amongst the officers and soldiers engaged in the battle of Dunbar. The dies of this medal were discovered at Hursly, Hants, the seat of Sir Thomas Heathcote, but once the residence of Richard Cromwell.

151. Another. Similar: on arm, T. SIMON F., and ring for suspension. Gold. Oval. Size .95. By T. Simon.

152. Another. Similar: with plain reverse and no ring. Silver. Oval. Size .95. Struck. By T. Simon.

153. Naval Reward. Service against Six Ships, 1650. Obv. Anchor, from which are suspended two shields, arms of England and Ireland, the whole encircled by cable. MERUISTI. Rev. Ship in close action with two others, four more in the distance. SERVICE DON AGAINST SIX SHIPS JVLY Y. XXXI. & AVGUST Y. I. 1650. Silver. Oval. Size 1·6. Struck.

Captain Wyard, in a Ship of twenty-two guns, when convoying four merchant vessels from Hull to Amsterdam, was attacked by six Irish frigates, which after a long conflict he beat off. This medal was struck for distribution amongst Captain Wyard and his crew.

Although this medal has the same obverse type as the following one, it seems somewhat doubtful whether it was executed by T. Simon.

154. Naval Reward, 1650. Obv. Similar to preceding; on the beam of the anchor, T.S. Rev. Parliament assembled in one house with Speaker. Gold. Oval. Size .95. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

Executed in 1650 by order of Parliament, and bestowed for naval service.

155. Naval Reward, 1653. Blake's victories over the Dutch. Obv. Anchor, from which are suspended three shields, arms of England, Scotland and Ireland; the whole encircled by cable. Rev. Naval engagement; the stern of one vessel inscribed, SIMON; on the prow of another, T.S.; broad border of trophies from the Dutch. Lead. Oval. Size 2·2. Struck. By T. Simon.

Four of these medals were ordered by the Parliament to be struck in commemoration of naval victories over the Dutch. Two with chains of £300 value each were presented to Blake and Monk; two with chains of £100 value each, to Admirals Penn and Lawson. Of these medals three are extant. In 1651, when Scotland was incorporated with the Commonwealth, a third shield was introduced, in the arms of Great Britain. The shield of Scotland is not on the naval reward of 1650. (See No. 153.)

156. Another. Similar: with border of laurel leaves. Gold. Oval. Size 2. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

Four of these medals were struck for presentation with chains of the value of £40 each to the four flag officers. Of these one is in the possession of C. D. Holworthy, who inherited it from his maternal ancestor, Capt. Haddock.

157. Another. Similar: without border. Gold. Size 1·6. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

The medals of the class were probably distributed amongst the Captains of the vessels engaged.

158. Saving the Triumph, 1653. Same medal with inscription engraved on the reverse, FOR EMINENT SERVICE IN SAVING Y TRIVMPH FIERED IN FIGHT W^H. Y. DVCH IN IVLY 1653. Gold. Oval. Size 1·6. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

The Triumph was Blake's flag-ship, and in the battle of 31st July, 1653, in the absence of her commander, she took fire and was abandoned by the greater part of the crew. Those who remained, redoubling their efforts, succeeded in saving her, and were rewarded with the above medal bearing a special inscription.

159. Admiral Blake, 1653. Obv. Bust, three quarters r., wearing armour, ruff, &c. ROB^Ṭ. BLAKE. Born 1598. Died 1657. He fought at once with Ships & Castles. He dared the Fury of all the Elements, & left an Example to Posterity which is incredible; to be imitated. Rev. Naval engagement with broad trophy border as No. 155. Silver. Oval. Size 2·3. Engraved and struck. By T. Simon.

Robert Blake, born 1598, commanded in the West for Parliament during the Civil War, entered the Naval Service in 1649 and obtained several victories over the Dutch during the years 1652—1654. Died 1657. The obverse of this medal is engraved, and the reverse is struck, each on a thin plate. The portrait is not as it professes to be of Blake, but is a coarse copy of one of Maurice, Prince of Orange.

160. Peace with Holland, 1654. Obv. Britain and Holland armed, holding spears, each surmounted with cap of Liberty, and bearing national flag, Peace uniting spears with olive-wreath. HIER BINT DE HEIL'GE VREEDEN BRIT. EN BATAVIER, &c. Rev. Ship in full sail r., driven by winds; above, Fame; beneath, Tritons; A^O 1654. WAAROM ZEILT T. VREDESCHIP OPT. SILVER IN DE ZEE, &c. Silver-gilt. Size 3·15. Repoussé and chased.

Holland, defeated in a series of naval actions, sued for peace and submitted to terms favourable to England. This medal is Dutch, and is composed of two plates united by rim. It was probably executed by Pieter van Abeele, (see note, p. 37).

161. Another, 1654. Obv. Cromwell delivering treaty of Peace to the representative of the United Provinces. VREDE GESLOTEN TUSSCHEN DEN HEER HEERE PROTECTEVR CROMWEL, &c. IN DEN IARE 1654. Rev. Shield, arms and crest of the town of Sluys. PIETER LIPS ENDE FERDINANDE DE BACKERE BVRGEMEESTERS DER STADT SLVYS ANNO 1654. Silver. Size 3·4. Engraved.

This medal was probably executed by order of the Burgomasters of Sluys mentioned in the reverse inscription.

162. Another, 1654. Obv. Britannia with harp on her knees, and Holland with Belgic lion at her feet, seated, facing, holding between them cap of Liberty: beneath, CONCL. XV/XXV D. APRIL A^o. MDCLIV. MENTIBUS UNITIS PRISCUS PROCUL ABSIT AMAROR, &c. Rev. A British and a Dutch ship sailing together on calm sea; on stern of each, S.D. LUXURIAT GEMINO NEXU TRANQVILLA SALO RES, &c. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. By Sebastian Dadler.

This medal, besides commemorating the peace, refers also to the treaty of commerce and alliance between England and Holland.

163. Another, 1654. Obv. Neptune in sea-chariot, facing; on his knees two shields, arms of England with Ireland and Holland; car attended by two Tritons; behind, sun, whose rays fill field. AMANTIVM IRA AMICITIÆ REDINTEGRATIO EST; on car and beneath, Jerian Pool fecit Amsterdami. Rev. Long inscription in Dutch relating to the Treaty between the Lord Protector and the States General concluded 15th April, ratified 2nd May, and proclaimed 27th May, 1654. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. By Jerian Pool.11

164—165. Death of Cromwell, 1658. Obv. Bust l., laureate, in armour. OLIVAR. D. G. RP. ANG. SCO. HIB. &c. PROTECTOR; on arm, T. SIMON. Rev. Landscape, with young olive tree growing up at side of the stump of an old one; shepherds tending their flocks. NON DEFITIENT OLIVA. SEP. 3. 1658. Gold and copper. Oval. Size .85. Struck; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

Oliver Cromwell, born 2nd April, 1599, commanded for Parliament in the Civil War, appointed Lord-Lieutenant and Commander-in-Chief in Ireland 1649, Lord-General 1650, and Lord Protector 1653, died Sept. 3rd, 1658. The reverse of this medal refers to the succession of the Protectorate passing to Richard Cromwell.

166—167. Another. Obv. Bust l., laureate, in armour. OLIVAR. D. G. RP. ANG. SCO. HIBERNIÆ PROTECTOR. Rev. Landscape with young olive tree and shepherd with sheep; in the distance, trees and buildings. NON DEFITIENT OLIVA. SEP. 3. 1658. Gold and silver. Size 1·85. Struck.

This and the next medal of smaller size were struck in Holland to be supplied to those who were unable to procure the one executed by T. Simon.

168. Another. Obv. Bust l., laureate, mantle over shoulders. OLIVAR. D. G. RP. ANG. SCO. HIB. PRO. Rev. Similar to preceding. Gold. Size 1·1. Struck. Dutch.

169. Trial of John Lilburne, 1649. Obv. Bust l., with high collar, &c. Legend in three concentric circles, IOHN LILBORNE SAVED BY THE POWER OF THE LORD AND THE INTEGRITY OF HIS IVRY WHO ARE IVGES OF LAW AS WEL AS FACT. OCT. 26. 1649. Rev. Rose in centre of four concentric circles inscribed with the names of the twelve jurymen and date of trial as above. Silver. Size 1·3. Struck.

John Lilburn, an ardent agitator born 1618, was several times prosecuted and imprisoned for seditious libels, first against Charles I., and afterwards against Cromwell. This medal was struck upon his acquittal in 1649, when he was accused of high treason for libelling Cromwell. He died 1657.

170. General Lambert, 1653. Head l., bare; behind, I. LAMBERT. Lead. Oval. Size 1·15. Cast. This medalet is made after the manner of an antique gem.

John Lambert, parliamentary general and statesman, born 1619, distinguished himself at Marston Moor and Naseby; was the leader of the "Fifty monarchy men," and opposed the Restoration; aft. banished to Guernsey, where he died 1692.

171. Sir Robert Bolles, 1655. Obv. Bust l., wearing armour and scarf; on arm, T. RAWLINS F., 1655. ROB. BOLLES DE SCAMPTON IN COM. LINCOL. BARONET. No reverse. Wreath-border. Lead. Size 1·75. Cast and partly chased. By T. Rawlins.

Sir Robert Bolles, born 1619, was one of the Grand Jury for the trial of the Regicides, and represented Lincoln in Parliament; mar. 1637 the dau. of Sir Edward Hussey, of Hannington, Linc.; died 1663.

172—172. Sir Henry B. Slingesby, 1658. Obv. Half-length figure, facing, in armour. Inner legend. AN EARNEST PENNY FOR MY CHILDREN. THO. H. B. SLINGESBY OXON. 1644. Outer legend. EX RESIDVIS NVMMI SVB HASTA PIMMIANA LEGE PRÆDATI IVXTA DAVENTRIAM. Rev. Shield, arms and crest of Slingesby impaling Belasyse. Beheaded June ye 8: by O: C: 1657. Engraved. Silver-gilt; and silver, with 1658 correct date. Oval. Size 1·85. Cast; with ring for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

Sir Henry Slingesby, Bart., commanded in the North for the King, and after the surrender of York made his way to Oxford with a portion of his army; but being attacked on the road near Daventry by a company of rebel horse, he lost all that he had. Shortly afterwards, being made prisoner he was confined at Hull, and being brought up to London was executed on Tower Hill 8th June, 1658. At Oxford he resided with Sir William Parkhurst, Master of the Mint, which may account for the execution of this medal intended as an "earnest penny" for his three children.

173. Henry Scobell, 1649. Obv. Bust l., in doublet. Rev. Hen. Scobell, engraved. Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. By T. Simon.

Henry Scobell appointed Clerk of Parliament in 1649, again in 1653, and for the third time in 1654: and Clerk of the Council 1656.

174. John Thurloe, 1653. Obv. Bust r., wearing cap and doublet; on arm, T. S. Rev. Double florid monogram of J.T.: beneath, Secr. Thurloe. Gold. Size 1·3. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension. By T. Simon.

John Thurloe, born 1616, filled numerous offices of State; appointed Secretary of the Council 1652, and Secretary to Cromwell 1653; suspected of treason, was imprisoned, but released at the Restoration. Died 1668.

175. Sir James Harrington, 1653. Obv. Bust l., in armour and cloak; on arm, T.S. Rev. Inscription with name and offices of Harrington Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. By T. Simon.

The Reverse inscription states that Sir James Harrington of Sweakley was general of the forces of London and Westminster at the battle of Newbury 1644, and member of Parliament for Rutlandshire, and one of the Council of State, 1653. Harrington, born in 1609, was a strong supporter of the Parliament, by which he was much employed; was pardoned at the Restoration and retired into private life.

176. Bulstrode Whitelock, 1653. Obv. Bust l., in robes of office; on arm, T.S. Rev. Inscription in Latin with name and offices of Whitelock. Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased. By T. Simon.

The Reverse inscription relates that in 1653 Bulstrode Whitelock was keeper of the Great Seal of England, Constable of Windsor Castle, and High Steward of Oxford. He filled many other offices during the protectorate, and was a commissioner of the Great Seal in 1659. Died 1676.

177. Unknown portrait, 1653. Obv. Bust l., in cap, doublet, and deep collar; on arm, T.S. Reverse plain. Silver. Size 1·35. Cast and chased. Unique. By Thomas Simon.

178. Solicitor General Coke. Obv. Bust of Coke l., in doublet with double row of buttons, &c.; wreath-border. Rev. Sol. Gen. J. Cooke. Engraved. Silver. Size 1·3. Cast and chased.

J. Coke, distinguished lawyer, was made Solicitor-General by the High Court of Justice to conduct the trial of the King; afterwards appointed a judge in Ireland, executed as a Regicide in 1660.

CHARLES II. 1649—1684.

179. Badge, 1649. Obv. Jugate busts of Charles I. and Charles Prince of Wales r., in armour, &c.; the King crowned. CAR. REX M.B.F. ET H. CAR. PRINCEPS. T.R. (in monogram). Rev. Same as obverse. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension. By T. Rawlins.

Probably worn by the partisans of the King and Prince. Extremely rough work.

180. Another. Obv. Bust of Prince Charles I., in decorated armour, &c. Rev. Royal shield within Garter; above, crown. Silver. Oval. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with rings for suspension.

181. Coronation at Scone, 1651. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, in collar and robes of the Garter. CAROLVS 2. D. G. SCO. ANG. FRA. & HI. REX FI. DE. cor. 1. ia. scon. 1651. Rev. Lion rampant gardant holding thistle. NEMO ME IMPVNE LACESSET. Gold. Size 1·2. Cast and chased.

Charles II. was crowned by the Scots at Scone 1 Jan. 1651.

182. Restoration expected, 1660. Obv. Bust of King r., hair long, wearing armour, &c. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAGNÆ BRIT. &c. Rev. Sun rising out of sea: above, on scroll, ORIAR. Lead. Size 1·3. Struck. By T. Simon.

This medal expresses the hopes and expectations of the Royalists that the Sun of the Stuarts would again rise.

183. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Three crowns on branches of leafless oak: above, sun dispersing clouds. TANDEM REVIRESCET. Silver. Size 1·35. Struck: hollow. By T. Simon.

184. Badge, 1660. Obv. Similar. CAROLVS SECVNDVS; engraved. Rev. Similar to preceding, but entirely engraved. Silver. Oval. Size 1·4. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

A cheap badge probably worn by the Royalists at the Restoration.

185. Another. Similar: bust of King, crowned. Silver. Oval. Size 1·35. Cast and chased.

186. Another. Obv. Similar to No. 184. Rev. Royal shield within Garter; above, crown between C.R. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size ·95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

The reverse is in imitation of engraving.

187. Another. Similar: bust of King, crowned. Silver-gilt. Oval. Size ·95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

188. Another. Obv. Bust of King, three quarters l., head bare, wearing medal, &c. CAROLVS SECVNDVS; engraved. Rev. Similar to No. 186. Silver. Oval. Size .95. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

189. Charles I. and II., 1660. Obv. Bust of Charles I., three quarters r., in doublet and lace collar. CAROLVS D. I. Rev. Bust of Charles II. facing, in doublet and wearing medal, &c. CAROLVS D. II.; field on both sides damasked with roses. Silver. Size 2·7. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele.12

This medal consists of two plates united by rim, and was executed by Peter van Abeele, during the residence of Charles in Holland.

190. Charles II. and William III. of Orange, 1660? Obv. Bust of King, three quarters r., hair long, in armour, &c., and wearing George. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAGNÆ BRIT. &c. Rev. William III. of Orange, on horseback r.; distant view of river and city. WILHELMVS III. D. G. PRINC. AVRAICÆ COM. NASS. E^C. Silver. Size 2·7. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele.

In the same style as the previous medal. From the youthful appearance of William this medal could not have been executed after 1660. It was probably issued, like the following one, upon the King's leaving Holland.

191. Reward for services, 1660. Obv. Bust of King, facing r., wearing armour, &c. CAROLUS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FRAN. ET HIB. REX. Rev. Three crowns within branches of laurel and palm. PROPTER STRENVITATEM ET FIDELITATEM REBVS IN ADVERSIS; chain-border. Gold. Size 2·9. Cast and chased; has had ring for suspension. Dutch.

This medal is unique, and was evidently given by Charles to some faithful adherent.

192. Embarkation at Scheveningen, 1660. Obv. Same as No. 190. Rev. Fleet under sail: above, Fame with trumpet and scroll inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA; beneath, inscription in Dutch giving date of departure from Scheveningen, 2nd June 1660, and around, IN NOMINE MEO EXALTABITUR CORNU EIUS. PSAL. 89; on edge, PA. F. Silver. Size 2·75. Repoussé and chased. By Pieter van Abeele, whose monogram is on the edge.

Of the same fabric as No. 190. Charles sailed from Scheveningen for England 2nd June 1660 (N. S.), with his court, on board the Naseby, the name of which ship was then changed to that of the Royal Charles.

193. Landing at Dover, 1660. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour, &c., within branches of laurel; around, legend with date of arrival in London, "1660 DIE 29 MAII." Outer legend. CAROLUS II. D. G. MAGN. BRITANN. &c.: I.R. (Monogram.) Rev. Ship approaching shore, on which England, Scotland and Ireland, personified, with three crowns, sceptre, and sword, await its arrival: above ship, star and eye of Providence, in the distance, Dover Castle. SI DEUS EST CUSTOS QUIS MEUS HOSTIS ERIT. Silver. Size 2·25. Struck. By John Roettier.13 It may be considered the first of the large series of medals executed by him.

The King landed at Dover on the 26th of May 1660 (O. S.) and on the 29th following made his public entry into London.

194. Restoration, 1660. "Gigantomachia." Obv. Bust of King l., wearing robes and collar of the Garter. CAROLVS II. DEI GRATIA MAG. BR. &c. Rev. Jupiter, in clouds, carried by eagle, destroying with thunderbolt prostrate giants: G. Bower F.; ornamented border. Silver. Size 2·5. Struck. By G. Bower.14

Charles is here represented as Jupiter demolishing his foes, a probable allusion to the execution of the Regicides.

195. Another "Felicitas Britanniæ," 1660. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour and cloak. CAROLVS SECVNDUS D. G., MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Peace laureate, with scales and fasces, and accompanied by Minerva and Hercules presenting olive-branch to Britannia seated on sea-shore; behind, Fame: above, Genius with palm. FELICITAS BRITANNIÆ. 29 MAII. 1660; incuse. Silver. Size 3·3. Struck. By John Roettier.

The intention of the medallist is to show that the Restoration was effected under Providence by wisdom and fortitude, and that it produced to Britain justice, plenty and peace. (See also No. 197.)

196. Another. Obv. Head of King r., laureate. CAROLVS SECVNDVS DEI GRATIA MAG. BRI. &c. Rev. Britannia holding spear and shield, seated on sea-shore, and contemplating her navies. FAVENTE DEO; in ex., BRITANNIA; on edge, CAROLVS SECVNDVS PACIS ET IMPERII RESTITVTOR AVGVSTVS. Gold. Size 2·2. Struck. By John Roettier.

This and the next medal are without date. They appear, however, to commemorate the Restoration, but were not executed till several years afterwards. It is generally supposed that they were struck at the conclusion of the treaty of Breda, 31st July, 1667; but that is not possible, for Pepys in his diary under date 26th Feb. 1667, in speaking of this medal, says: "At my goldsmith's did observe the King's new medal where in little there is Mrs. Stewart's face as well done as ever I saw any thing in my whole life, I think: and a pretty thing it is that he should choose her face to represent Brittannia by." Mrs. Stuart, afterwards Duchess of Richmond, was one of the beauties at the court of Charles II. (See No. 245.)

197. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., wearing armour and cloak. AVGVSTISS. CAROLO SECVNDO P. P. I. R. (monogram). Rev. Hercules, Minerva, Peace, and Mercury (with features of the King) assembled around altar, behind which stands Prudence, leaning on shield with figure of Britannia, &c.: Plenty reposes in the foreground. NVLLVM NVMEN ABEST. (Juv. Sat. x. 365.) BRITANNIÆ. Gold. Size 2·4. Struck. By John Roettier.

For explanation of reverse see note to No. 195. The shield held by Prudence being ornamented with a very rough copy of the reverse type of the previous medal, it may be therefore concluded that this medal was executed at the same time or shortly after that one.

198—199. Coronation, 1661. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, wearing robes and collar of Garter. CAROLVS II. D. G. ANG. SCO. &c. on shoulder, T. S. Rev. King seated l., holding sceptre, crowned by Peace. EVERSO MISSVS SVCCVRRERE SECLO. XXIII. APR. 1661. Gold and silver. Size 1·1. Struck. By T. Simon.

This medal was made for distribution among those attending at the coronation.

200—201. Another. Obv. Bust of King l., laureate, wearing robes and collar of Garter. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Oak-tree in full leaf, with three crowns among the branches; above, sun. IAM FLORESCIT. 23 APR. 1661. Gold and silver. Size 1·65. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

This medal is by T. Simon, and must have been hastily produced. It was probably issued for distribution to the King's servants, as there is an item in one of Simon's accounts for two in gold supplied to the King's cooks. As No. 182 expressed an expectation that the royal oak would revive, so this declares that it has.

202. Marriage, 1662. Obv. Bust of Catherine of Braganza l., hair drawn back, and wearing coronet, &c. INFANTA DONA CATHERINA; engraved. Rev. Two orange trees, their stems intertwined. Silver. Oval. Size 1. Cast and chased; with ring for suspension.

As Catharine here wears the Portuguese dress, which before her marriage she changed for that of the English Court, this badge must have been produced soon after her arrival in England.

203. Another. Obv. Busts of King and Queen facing each other; the King laureate; the Queen wearing coronet. CAROLVS II. ET CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. G. B. Rev. Fame with trumpet and olive-branch. QVANTVM SAT ERIT HIS DICERE DIGNVM. ANO 1662. G. B. Silver-gilt. Size 2·05. Struck. By G. Bower.

Struck on the marriage of Charles with Catharine of Braganza, dau. of John IV., King of Portugal, 29th May, 1662.

204. Another. Obv. Busts of King and Queen jugate r.; Queen slightly draped. CAROLVS II. ET CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Jupiter with eagle, and Venus, behind whom Cupid; all in clouds. MAIESTAS ET AMOR. Silver. Size 1. Struck. By G. Bower.

205. Marriage Badge, 1662. Obv. Bust of King r., crowned, in armour, cloak, &c. CAROLVS II. D. G., MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Bust of Queen l., draped, wearing coronet, &c. CATHARINA D. G., MAG. BRIT. &c. Silver. Oval. Size 1·7. Struck. By G. Bower.

206. Charles II. and Catharine, 1662, "The Golden Medal." Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in armour and cloak. CAROLVS II. DEI G. MAG. BRI. &c. Rev. Bust of Queen r., draped, hair ornamented with pearls. CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Silver. Size 1·65. Struck.

This fine medal was executed by J. Roettier, and is probably the "Golden Medal" commemorated by the poet Waller.

207. Another. Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in armour and cloak. CAROLVS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. G. B. Rev. Bust of Queen r., draped, wearing coronet. CATHARINA D. G. MAG. BRIT. &c. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. By G. Bower.

208. Cession of Dunkirk, 1662. Obv. Head of Louis XIV. r. LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. J. MAVGER F. Rev. Female figure (Dunkirk) kneeling and presenting keys of the city to Louis in Roman military dress; behind, galley and shield, arms of Dunkirk, &c. DUNKERCA ACQUISITA. XXVII. OCTOBRIS. MDCLXII. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By J. Mauger.

Dunkirk was sold by Charles II. to Louis XIV. for the sum of four millions of livres. This is one of a large series of historical medals of the French King.

209—210. Naval Reward, 1665. Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in mantle. CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Rev. King in Roman military dress viewing naval action from shore. PRO TALIBVS AVSIS. Gold and silver. Size 2·4. Struck. By J. Roettier.

This medal was specially struck to commemorate the naval victory over the Dutch, 3rd June 1665, for presentation to the officers engaged: but bearing no date it was used for a reward for other victories during the war of 1665—1667.

211. James, Duke of York. (Victory over the Dutch, 3rd June 1665.) Obv. Bust of the Duke of York r., in armour and cloak. IACOBVS DVX EBOR. ET ALBAN. DOM. MAGN. ADMIRALLVS ANGLIÆ, &c. J. Roetti. F. Rev. Naval engagement, English High Admiral's ship in foreground. NEC MINOR IN TERRIS. 3. IVNII. 1665. Silver. Size 3. Struck. By J. Roettier.

James, Duke of York, encountered the Dutch fleet, under Admiral Opdam off Lowestoft on 3rd June, 1665, and after a terrible battle, in which Opdam was killed, the Dutch were compelled to retreat.

212. Dominion of the Sea, 1665. Obv. Bust of King r., draped and laureate. CAROLVS II. D. G. M. BR. &c. Simon. Rev. King as Neptune holding trident in naval chariot l., drawn by four sea-horses: fleet in the distance. ET PONTUS SERVIET. 1665. Silver. Size 1·05. Struck.

This beautiful medal is supposed to be the last work of Thomas Simon. It commemorates the dominion of the sea obtained by England by the victory of 3rd June, 1665, over the Dutch.

213. Action at Bergen, 1665. Obv. View of Bergen: naval action in harbour: in foreground, G. POOL. Rev. Inscription in Dutch within oak-wreath. Silver. Size 2·1. Struck. By Jerian Pool.

The reverse inscription narrates that the Earl of Sandwich having entered Bergen harbour on 10th August, 1665, with 15 men of war, &c., was compelled, under the fire of the Dutch, to cut his cables and take to flight.

214. Proposed Commercial Treaty with Spain, 1666. Obv. Bust of King r., laureate, in fringed mantle. CAROLVS SECVNDVS DEI GRATIA MAG. BRIT. &c. Rev. Statue of King in Roman military dress on pedestal near sea crowded with ships. REDEANT COMMERCIA FLANDRIS. 1666. Silver. Size 2·2. Struck. By J. Roettier.

This medal expresses a wish that the preliminaries of a commercial treaty, which was being negotiated with Spain for the free passage of the Scheldt, might be brought to a successful termination.

215. Naval engagement, 11—14 June, 1666. Obv. Naval engagement. PVGNANDO. Rev. Inscription in Latin within laurel-wreath, to which are attached the shields of the Seven United Provinces alternately with their bundles of seven arrows. Silver. Size 2·75. Struck. By Jerian Pool.

The Reverse inscription states that this medal is a memorial of the successful engagement of four days, 11—14 June (N. S.), 1666, between the Dutch and English fleets, the latter being defeated with heavy losses. The engagement took place off the North Foreland, and is memorable for its long duration and the desperate courage with which it was fought on both sides. The English fleet was commanded by Monk and Prince Rupert and the Dutch by De Ruyter.

216. Plague and Fire of London, 1666. Obv. Shrine with crucifix between vineyard and cornfield; above, radiate name of Jehovah; in the midst, shepherd feeding sheep, a tranquil river, and in front, St. Paul shaking viper from his hand. MERA BONITAS. Rev. City, one half in flames, the other under storm of rain; in front, disturbed river and Death and warrior contending on horseback: above, eye of Providence, comets and wind. SIC PVNIT. MDCLXVI. Silver. Size 1·35. Struck.

On the obverse are symbolized peace and plenty, the reward of goodness, with St. Paul removing the venomous scourge of the plague by fire; and on the reverse are seen pestilence and fire, the punishment of the wicked.

217. Ships burnt in the Medway and Peace of Breda, 1667. Obv. Burning of ships in the Medway. Legend in Dutch stating that by order, Sir Michael, son of Adrian Ruyter, attacked the ships of war in the river near Chatham, burnt and sank them, &c. Rev. Peace with olive-branch and cornucopiae seated on arms between shields, arms of United Kingdom, France, Denmark, and Sweden on one side, and those of the United Provinces on the other: beneath shields, genii: above, scroll inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA; below, another with date of proclamation of Peace, 6 Sep., 1667, &c.: on edge, PA. Silver. Size 2·8. Repoussé. By Pieter van Abeele, whose monogram is on the edge.

In spite of conferences having been opened at Breda to negotiate a treaty of peace, De Witte despatched a fleet to the Nore, which, after burning Sheerness, advanced as far as Chatham and destroyed the shipping. Shortly afterwards a treaty with the Dutch was signed at Breda on 31st July, 1667, and proclaimed on 6th September following.

218. Peace of Breda, 1667. Obv. Belgia with sceptre terminating in an open eye and spear with the sheaf of arrows attached, trampling upon Discord; at her feet, lion and lamb: in the distance, ships burning, &c. MITIS ET FORTIS: in ex., PROCVL HINC MALA BESTIA REGNIS. IUN. 22. 1667. C. A. Rev. Peace holding sword and wreath, caduceus and cornucopiae, trampling on arms and crown: above, hand from cloud holding shields of Great Britain and Holland: in the distance, merchant vessels: on scroll, IRATO BELLUM PLACATO NUMINE PAX EST; in ex., REDIIT CONCORDIA MATER BREDÆ. IUL. 31. A^o. 1667: shield, arms of Breda: edge with inscription stating that this medal was struck by permission of the States of Holland and West Friesland, &c. Silver. Size 2·8. Struck. By C. Adolfszoon.15

The issue of this medal by authority of the States gave great offence to Charles, who took the motto HINC MALA BESTIA to apply to himself. Remonstrances were made, a formal apology received, and the dies destroyed. This medal was however one of the grounds of offence in the declaration of War against the Dutch in 1672.

219. Another. Obv. Peace, holding olive-branch and cornucopiae, burning implements of war; under her feet, prostrate soldier; behind, Cupid with arrow. BELLO AB ANGLIS ILLATO A BELGIS FORTITER GESTO, &c.; with date, XXXI. IULII. CIϽDCLXVII. Rev. Bird's-eye view of Breda; around, inscr. commemorating treaty. Silver. Size 3·45. Cast and chased. Dutch.

220. Another. Obv. View of Breda from river covered with pleasure barges; above, Fame, surrounded by genii and holding scroll inscribed, SOLI DEO GLORIA. HET OUD BREDAAS KASTEEL, &c. Rev. Ship of Peace r., propelled by favouring gales and accompanied by Fame and Tritons: her sails decorated with the shields of contracting parties: beneath, A^o. 1667. HIER ZEIILT HET VREDESCHIP OP'T ZILUER IN DE ZEE, &c. Silver. Size 3·2. Repoussé and chased; hollow. By Müller.16

221. Another. Obv. An English and Dutch ship sailing side by side with wreaths on main mastheads. Rev. Festoon of fruit and flowers and wreath, to which are suspended two shields, arms of Great Britain and Holland, &c. BRITAN. BATAV. PAX. 1667. C. A. Silver. Size 1·75. Struck. By C. Adolfszoon.

The arms of Great Britain are wrongly quartered, those of Scotland being in the 1st and 4th quarters. The same mistake occurs on No. 218.

222. Proclamation of Treaty of Breda, 1667. Obv. Neptune, in sea-chariot drawn by horses, staying with his trident the progress of a naval engagement. SIC CVNCTUS PELAGI CECIDIT FRAGOR. (Virg. Aen. I, 158.) Rev. View of Breda: above, genii with shields of Denmark, France, England and Holland, with Sweden in centre; beneath, BREDA Den 17 Sept. 1667, G. POOL. NULLA SALUS BELLO, PACEM TE POSCIMUS OMNES. Silver. Size 2·05. Struck. By Jerian Pool.

In the negotiations of peace between England and Holland, Sweden acted as mediator, consequently her shield is placed in the centre as uniting those of the belligerents.

223—224. British Colonization, 1670. Obv. Jugate busts of King in armour, and Queen draped, r. CAROLVS ET CATHARINA REX ET REGINA. Rev. Globe with portions of all the four continents. DIFFVSVS IN ORBE BRITANNVS. 1670. Gold and silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By one of the Roettiers.

This medal alludes to the remarkable growth of British colonization, which as early as 1670 extended over all the four quarters of the Globe. It may however specially refer to the dowry of Queen Catharine, which laid the foundation of the British Empire in India.

The reverse inscription is a play on Virgil's line, "Penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos."

(Ecl. I. 67.)

225. Charles XI. of Sweden, Knight of the Garter, 1671. Obv. St. George and the dragon, r. CAROLVS XI. REX SVE. EQ. NOB. ORD. PERISC. INAVG. 29 MAII. 1671. Rev. Within collar Garter passing through two pairs of Cs crowned; in centre, star of order. CONCORDIA REGVM SALVS POPVLORVM. Silver. Size 1·7. Struck.

Charles XI., King of Sweden, was invested with the Order of the Garter at Stockholm, 29th July, 1668, but not installed till 29th May, 1671.

226. Battle of Solebay, 1672. Obv. Head of Louis XIV. r. LUDOVICUS XIIII. REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. I. MAVGER F. Rev. Neptune in sea-chariot threatening Holland with his trident. VICTORIA NAVALIS. MDCLXXII. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck. By J. Mauger.

One of the series of medals of Louis XIV. The Battle of Solebay was fought on the 28th May, 1672, between the combined fleets of England and France under the Duke of York and D'Estrées, and the Dutch under De Ruyter. The battle was indecisive, but the Dutch retired.

227. Christ's Hospital, Foundation of Nautical School, 1673. Obv. Bust of King r., in decorated armour and cloak. CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG. BRI. &c. Blue-coat boy, surrounded by Arithmetic, Astronomy, Mathematics and Mercury with their attributes; above, genii and winds; in the distance, ships. INSTITVTOR AVGVSTVS. 1673. Silver. Size 2·8. Struck. By J. Roettier. This is described by Evelyn as a "glorious medallion."

In 1672, Charles II. founded a nautical school at Christ's Hospital to provide for the education of forty boys, ten of whom were annually to be placed in the sea-service. Each of them still wears the following badge.

228. Christ's Hospital Badge, 1673. Badge (plaque) with device similar to reverse of preceding medal. Student is surrounded by Arithmetic, Astronomy wearing petasus of Mercury, and Mathematics with their attributes; above, two genii. AVSPICIO CAROL. SECVNDI REGIS. 1673. Silver. Size 3·2. Struck. See preceding.

229. Naval engagement with the Dutch, 1673. Memorial of Captain Van Gelder. Obv. Shield, arms of Van Gelder and crest, &c.; beneath, in compartment, inscr. in Dutch, "In memory of Jan Paulz van Gelder, Captain, dead in the bed of honour, 21st Aug. 1673, aged 26 years." VAN GELDERS ZEEVOOGDS SOON, &c. Rev. Naval engagement: in ex., PVGNANDO. DE VADER WON DE SLAG DE ZOON VERLOOR ZYN BLOED, &c. Silver. Size 3·05. Cast and chased; hollow. By Jerian Pool.

A memorial of Captain van Gelder, son-in-law of Admiral de Ruyter, who was killed in the action of the 21st Aug., 1673, between the combined English and French fleets, and the Dutch.

230. Peace of London, 1674. Obv. William III., Prince of Orange on horseback l.: in the distance, troops bombarding town on the sea-shore; above, scroll entwined with orange-branch and inscribed, VIRES ULTRA SORTEMQUE IUVENTÆ. Rev. Dove with palm and olive-branch flying l., over tranquil sea; in the distance, ships and rising sun. a DoMIno VenIT paX et VICtorIa Læta; chronogrammatic. Silver. Size 2·35. Struck. Dutch.

Peace between England and Holland was concluded in London in 1674. The obverse alludes to the appointment at a very early age of William as Commander-in-Chief of the army of the United Provinces and Stadtholder, and also to the capture of Naerden in 1674.

231. Marriage of William III., Prince of Orange, and Princess Mary, 1677. Obv. Bust of William r., in armour, &c. GVILH. III. D. G. PRIN. AVR. HOL. ET WES. GV. Rev. Bust of Mary l., draped, wearing pearls in hair. MARIA D. G. AVR. PRIN. NAT. DE IORC. Silver. Size 1·6. Struck.

William III., Prince of Orange, married Mary, elder dau. of James, Duke of York, 4th Nov. 1677. This medal is supposed to be the work of Nicholas Chevalier.

232. Peace of Nimeguen, 1678. Obv. Gallia and Belgium, their hands united through serpent-ring, standing before altar decorated with imperial eagle, and inscribed, 1678. O. 20. NEOMAGI; above, eye of Providence. GALLIA CUM BELGIO PACATA PER ANGEIAM. Rev. Peace, with attributes, standing on globe between Mercury and genii supporting shields of Spain, France, and Holland; beneath, lie Discord and War bound; the whole within wreath of olive-branches. Silver. Size 2·7. Struck. Dutch.

The treaty of Nimeguen, negotiated by England between France and Holland, was concluded Aug. 1678, but not proclaimed till 20th Oct. following. Extremely coarse work.

233. Popish Plot, 1678. Details of murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey. Obv. Three divisions; in centre one, two monks strangling Godfrey, above whom 1678, and two men carrying him in sedan chair; above, their names GREENE. KELY. HILL. & BERY; below, IVSTICE KILLERS TO HIS HO(liness); in lower division Godfrey lying on his face, his sword passed through his body; in upper division the Pope prompted by the Devil. ROMES REVENGE OR S^R. EDMVNDBERY GODFREY MVRTHERED IN THE POPES SLAVGHTER HOVS. Reverse plain. Pewter. Size 2·8. Cast and chased.

Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, after being strangled near the watergate at Somerset-house, was carried by his murderers in a sedan chair to Soho Square, and from thence on horseback to Primrose Hill, where they left him in a ditch with his own sword run through his body, in the position of one who had committed suicide.

234. Another. Obv. Bust of Godfrey r., in doublet, &c., two hands strangling him with his cravat. MORIENDO RESTITVIT REM E. GODFREY. Rev. Green strangling Godfrey in the presence of the Pope, who holds papal bull and blesses the murderer. TANTVM RELLIGIO POTVIT; (Lucret. Lib. I. 102); on edge, CERVICE FRACTA FIDEM SVSTVLIT ATLAS XNS. 1678. Silver. Size 1·5. Struck. By G. Bower.

The inscr. on the edge compares Godfrey to Atlas, who required all his strength to sustain the world, whilst Godfrey sustained the faith with a broken neck.

235. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Hill on horseback supporting before him the dead body of Godfrey, and accompanied by another murderer feigning drunkenness and carrying sword; in the distance, Primrose Hill; stars shew that it is night. EQVO CREDITE TVCRI (sic). (Virg. Aen. II. 48.) Edge as preceding. Silver. Size 1·55. Struck. By G. Bower.

In conveying the body of Godfrey from Soho to Primrose Hill the murderers agreed that, if stopped on the road, they should pretend that they were taking home a drunken companion.

236. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. The Pope's head and the Devil's joined in one face. ECCLESIA PERVERSA TENET FACIEM DIABOLI. Edge as on No. 234. Silver-gilt. Size 1·45. Struck.

This reverse design was a very common one at the time of the Reformation.

237. Another. Obv. Godfrey walking after his murder. GODFREY WALKS VP HIL AFTER HEE IS DEAD. ERGO PARES (SVMVS on rev.); in ex., PRO. (Protestant). Rev. St. Denis after martyrdom carrying his head. DENNYS WALKS DOWNE HIL CARRYING HIS HEAD. SVMVS (PARES, &c., on obv.) in ex., PA. (Papist). Silver. Size 1·5. Struck. By G. Bower.

Like St. Denis, who after his martyrdom picked up his head and carried it under his arm, Godfrey is represented walking after his murder, because it was asserted by some of the accused party that they had seen him walking about Primrose Hill after the stated time of his murder. The "Protestant" Saint was thus equal to the "Papist."