GUIDE TO ENGLISH MEDALS EXHIBITED. (continued 3)
Reading edition
This medal commemorates the forcing of the French lines at Neerhespen, by Marlborough, 17 July, 1705, and those at Fort St. Philip, in Flanders, by Baron Spar, 4 Aug. 1705.
439. Capitulation of Barcelona, 1705. Obv. Bust of Charles III. of Spain r., laur., in armour and cloak, and collar of "Golden Fleece." CAROLVS III. D. G. HISPANIARVM REX. Rev. Barcelona bombarded by sea and land. MAGNORVM HAEC PORTA LABORVM; in ex., BARCINO CAPTA PRID. EID. OCT. CIϽIϽCCV. I. B. F. Silver. Size 1·7. By J. Boskam.
The Earl of Peterborough uniting his fleet with a Dutch squadron under Allemonde, and accompanied by the Archduke Charles, took the fortresses of Lerida and Tortosa and forced Barcelona to capitulate. In consequence of this victory, the whole of Valencia and Catalonia declared for the Archduke, who took the title of Charles III.
440. Battle of Ramillies, 1706. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BR. FRA. &c. CROKER. Rev. Two Fames holding map of Low Countries. GALLIS AD RAMELLIES VICTIS. XII. MAII. MDCCVI; in ex., FLANDR. ET BRABANT. RECEPT. Silver. Size 1·3. By J. Croker.
In this battle the Allies, commanded by Marlborough, routed the French and Bavarians under Villeroy and the Elector. This victory resulted in the conquest of Brabant and nearly the whole of Spanish Flanders.
441. Flight of Philip V. from Madrid, and Conquest of Brabant, 1706. Obv. Philip on horseback l., dropping his crown and flying before Genius, who covers sun with shield of Austria; distant view of Barcelona. SOLIS ECLIPSIS. D. 12. MAI.; in ex., BARCELLONA OBSIDIONE LIBERATA PHILIPPO ANDEGAV. EX HISP. FVGATO. Rev. Marlborough on horseback galloping towards r., over fallen enemies; cities, as women, surrendering keys. VICTORIARVM IMPETVS; in ex., inscription recording the conquest of Brabant and Flanders by Marlborough, MDCCVI; on edge, SIC SOL CRESCENTES DECEDENS DVPLICAT VMBRAS. VIRG. (F. K.) (Cf. Virg. Ec. ii. 67.) Silver. Size 1·75.
Philip V. having raised the siege of Barcelona returned to Madrid, 11 May, 1706; but fearing the approach of the Earl of Galway and the Archduke Charles, he quitted the city on the following day. The reverse refers to the victories of Marlborough in Brabant and Flanders. One of the series of medals issued by Kleinert and Lauffer at Nuremberg. (See No. 343.)
442. Victories of the Allies in Spain and the Low Countries, 1706. Obv. Segment of a globe, inscribed EUROPÆ; above, clouds concealing sun (emblem of Louis XIV.). SIC OBSCURATUR GLORIA MAGNI REGIS. MDCCVI. Rev. Attached to trophy of flags, medallion of Charles III., surrounded by three others murally crowned, with views of bombardment of Barcelona XII. MAY, battle of Ramillies XIIII. MAY, and entry into Madrid XXVI. IVNY. DOMINUMQUE IN REGNA TULERE. Silver. Size 1·7. By J. Smeltzing.
The Earl of Galway, who commanded the allied forces in Portugal, advanced into Spain, and after capturing Alcantara, Ciudad Rodrigo, and Salamanca, entered Madrid in triumph, 26 June, 1706, and proclaimed the Archduke Charles king. This medal refers also to the raising of the siege of Barcelona and the battle of Ramillies.
443. Victories of Anne over Louis XIV., 1706. Obv. Anne as Pallas overwhelming Louis XIV. in dress of ancient warrior. LVDOVICVS MAGNVS ANNA MAIOR. Rev. Abimelech struck by millstone at the siege of Thebez. PERCVTE ME NE DICATVR QVOD A FEMINA INTERFECTVS SIM. IVDIC. C. 9.; on edge, DOMINVS TRADIDIT EVM IN MANVS FŒMINÆ. IVDITH XVI. C. Silver. Size 1·65. Dutch.
The fate of Louis is here likened to that of Abimelech (Judges ix. 50—52).
444—445. Union of England and Scotland, 1707. Obv. Bust of Queen l., crowned, draped, wearing collar of Garter and George. ANNA D. G. MAG. BRI. FR. ET HIB. REG. I. C. Rev. Royal shield crowned, between palm and olive branches and resting on pedestal with royal monogram; on either side, supporters, lion and unicorn, with shields of Scotland and England; below, two sceptres crossed and collar of Garter. MAII I. MDCCVII. Gold and silver. Size 1·8. By J. Croker.
The Act of Union between England and Scotland received the royal assent 6 March, 1707, and came into operation on 1 May following.
446. Another: Union celebrated at Leipsic, 1707. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped and crowned. ANNA D. G. MAG. ET UNITÆ BRITA. FRA. &c. C. W. Rev. Britannia and Scotia, holding between them two wreaths crossed; distant view of Leipsic. ET EXTERIS ETIAM GRATA; in ex., IN ACTVM LIPSIENSEM D. 26 IVLII ANNO MDCCVII. 6 AVGVST. IN HONOREM MAGNÆ UNIONIS AC CELEBRATION. D. NOMINALIS ANNAE M. B. R. HABITVM. CVRARE FECIT C. WERMUTH; on edge, QVAE BELLO PACEQVE MAIOR. Silver. Size 1·7. By C. Wermuth.26
The Act of Union between England and Scotland was celebrated with much festivity at Leipsic on the 26th July, which day was also the feast of St. Anne.
447. War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Almanza, 1707. Obv. Head of Louis XIV. r. LUDOVICUS MAGNUS REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. T. B. (monogram). Rev. Spain seated r., holding shield of France; around her, arms. ADSERTUM PHILIPPO V. HISPANIARUM IMPERIUM; in ex., HOSTIBUS AD ALMANZAM CÆSIS. XXV. APRIL. MDCCVII. Copper. Size 1·6. By Thomas Bernard.
At the battle of Almanza, 25 April, 1707, the English and Portuguese, under the Earl of Galway and Las Minas, were routed by the French and Spaniards under the Duke of Berwick, and Aragon was again reduced under the authority of Philip V. This medal is one of the historical series of Louis XIV.
448. Capitulation of Lerida, 1707. Obv. Similar: no engraver's initials. Rev. Soldier with French flag l., scaling rock, from which falls woman, who clings to broken pillar. NOVA GLORIA; in ex., ILERDA EXPUGNATA. XI. NOV. MDCCVII. D. V. Copper. Size 1·6. By J. Du Vivier.27
The defeat of the Allies at Almanza was followed by the capture of Lerida. The town was taken on 12 Oct. 1707, and the castle on 11 Nov. following. This medal is of the same series as the previous one.
449. Swedish troops withdrawn from Silesia, &c., 1707. Obv. Busts, face to face, of Anne crowned, and Charles XII. of Sweden, in armour and cloak; on their arms, C. W. ANNA D. G. M. BRIT. REGINA. CAROL. XII. D. G. REX SVEC.; below, IN SPONSION. PACIF. RELIG. SILES. Rev. Religion and Justice seated, holding hands; distant views of towns of M'BERG. (Munsterberg), WOHLAU, BRESLAU, BRIEG, and LIGNITZ; above, SILESIA, and three r. hands from clouds, joined; around, TRES REGVM SCHLESIAM DECORANT DVM LVMINE DEXTRAE IVNGERE QVIS DVBITET IVSQVE FIDEMQVE MANVS; in ex., FELICITER PERACT. AO. MDCCVIII. Silver. Size 1·7. By C. Wermuth.
The alarm caused by the defeat at Almanza was increased by the appearance of Charles XII. of Sweden on the borders of the Empire with a large army, which it was apprehended he would use in support of France. Through the diplomacy of Marlborough, Charles was induced to withdraw his troops from Silesia and to turn his forces against Russia, but not before he had obtained from the Emperor a promise of a free exercise of religion to the Protestants in Silesia. This medal was not issued till the following year.
450. Attempted invasion of Scotland by the Elder Pretender, 1708. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BR. FR. &c. H. Rev. French fleet chased by that of England off the coast of Scotland. FVGERE NON FALLERE TRIVMPHVS; in ex., GALLORVM CONATVS IN SCOTIAM ANNAE M. VIGILANTIA. ELVSI. CIϽIϽCCIIX; on edge, SIC PVERI NASVM RHINOCEROTIS HABENT. (Cf. Mart. i. 4.) Silver. Size 1·55. By G. Hautsch.
The Elder Pretender, having made a descent upon the coast of Scotland with a small squadron of frigates and transports carrying a force of 5000 men, was compelled to beat a hasty retreat without effecting a landing, being intercepted off the coast near Montrose by an English fleet under Sir George Byng. The Pretender left Dunkirk 6 March, 1708, and returned to that place 7 April following.
451. Another. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BRI. FRA. &c. I. C. Rev. Britannia, armed with spear and shield, defending Scotland, kneeling at her feet; French fleet retreating. CLASSE GAL. FVG.; in ex., AD FRETVM EDENBVRG. XIV. MARTII. MDCCVIII. Silver. Size 1·65. By J. Croker.
452. Another. Obv. Bust of Queen l., laur. and draped. ANNA D. G. MAGN. BRIT. FRANC. &c. S. Rev. Rose and thistle intertwined around sceptre surmounted by eye; in the distance, prisoners led to the Tower and ships in river; above one, SALISBURI. QUIS NOS IMPUNE LACESSET UNITAS; in ex., IRRITO SPURII IACOBI REDITU IN SCOTOS, CLASSE GALLICA EXTERNATA. MDCCVIII. Silver. Size 1·85. By M. Smeltzing.
In the expedition the Pretender lost one ship, the Salisbury, which Admiral Byng captured after a sharp chase. Among those on board this ship were Lord Griffin and the two sons of Lord Middleton, who were conveyed to the Tower.
453. Another. Obv. Bust of Queen l., laur. and draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BR. FRA. &c. M. B. (monogram). Rev. Ass r., about to devour thistle, driven back by smell of rose held by woman. INIMICVS ODOR APPETITV FORTIOR; in ex., GALLI SCOTIAM AGGRESSVRI SOLO ANGLORVM ASPECTV FVGANTVR. 1708; on edge, IN FELIX OPERAM PERDAS, VT SI QVIS ASELLVM IN CAMPVM DOCEAT. HOR. SERM. L. I. Silver. Size 1·65. By M. Brunner.28
On this medal the Pretender is represented by the ass, Scotland by the thistle, and Anne, or Britain, by the woman who holds the rose.
454. War of the Spanish Succession: Victory of Oudenarde, 1708. Obv. Castor and Pollux (Eugene and Marlborough) on horseback, charging r. SALVTARIVM SIDERVM APPARITIO; in ex., EVGENII ET MARLEBORVGII FELIX CONIVNCTIO. Rev. View of battle of Oudenarde; town in the distance. VANDOM. IN FLANDR. SICVT IN ITAL. EVNDEM FVGIT ET VT FVGIENDVS DOCET; in ex., MVLT. MILL. GALLORVM CLADES AD ALDENAR. MDCCIIX. D. XI. IVL. Edge inscribed. Silver. Size, 1·65.
At the battle of Oudenarde, 11 July, 1708, the Allies under Eugene, Marlborough, and Ouverkirk routed the French under the Dukes of Burgundy and Vendôme, the latter having been recalled from Italy to supersede Villeroy after the battle of Ramillies. The obverse refers to the legend of the appearance of the Dioscuri at the battle of the Lake Regillus.
455. Another. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BR. FR. &c. I. BOSKAM F. Rev. Attached to trophy of French flags, &c., three medallions with busts of Eugene, Marlborough, and Ouverkirk, with fourth of Victory in centre. hæC feCerVnt hI tres arMI potentes DeI. 2 sam. 23. (chronogrammatic). I. BOSKAM F. Silver. Size 1·75. By J. Boskam.
Ouverkirk, who commanded the Dutch troops in the Low Countries, died during the siege of Lille, 22 Oct. 1708, worn out with the fatigue of the war and the infirmities of premature age.
456. Victory of Oudenarde and capture of Lille, 1708. Obv. Bird's-eye view of battle-field of Oudenarde. In GaLLos VarIas DabIT ADenarDa Coronas (chronogrammatic); in ex., FVGIEN. EX VATACINIO GALLIS VICTORIA PARTA. 11. IVL. 1708. C. W. Rev. Bird's-eye view of town and fortress of Lille. In ODenarDer sIeg besteht Dass RysseL forT noCh VIeL weg geht (chronogrammatic); in ex., SPECTANT HORTVLANIS LILIVM DECERPT. 23. OCT. & 9. DEC. 1708. Silver. Size 1·7. By C. Wermuth.
The victory of Oudenarde was followed by the capture of Lille 9 Dec. 1708.
457. Taking of Sardinia and Minorca, 1708. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BRI. FRA. &c. I. C. Rev. Victory, with palm and English flag, on shell in sea; Sardinia and Minorca in the distance. SARDINIA ET BALEARIS MINOR CAPTÆ. MDCCVIII. Silver. Size 1·5. By J. Croker.
The island of Sardinia was taken by Admiral Leake Aug. 1708, and in the next month he captured Minorca, in conjunction with General Stanhope, who commanded the land forces.
458. Capitulation of Lille, 1708. Obv. Same as reverse of No. 455. Rev. Eugene on horseback l., commanding at siege of Lille. VI FACTA VIA EST. (Virg. Aen. ii. 494); in ex., MDCCVIII. Silver. Size 1·75. By J. Boskam.
The siege of Lille was opened by Eugene 22 Aug., Marlborough commanding the covering army. The city surrendered 22 Oct.; but the citadel, which was defended by the French general Marshal Boufflers, held out till 9 Dec.
459. Another. Obv. Building of the Tower of Babel and the Confusion of Tongues. CONFVNDAMVS LINGVAM EORVM, VT NON AVDIAT VNVSQVISQVE VOCEM PROXIMI SVI. (cf. Genesis xi. 7); in ex., RYSSEL VEL INSVLÆ PER PRINCIPEM EVGENIVM OBSESSA. 22. AVG. ET 23. OCT. RECEPTA. 1708. Rev. The citadel of Lille besieged; above, sun and moon. SISTE SOL IN GIBEON ET LVNA IN VALLE AIALON. (Joshua x. 12); in ex., CASTELLVM RYSEL OBSESSVM. XXVII. OCT. RECEPTVM VERO. IX. DEC.; on edge, VNITA VIRTVS VALET. Silver. Size 1·9. Dutch.
The building of the Tower of Babel and the Confusion of Tongues denote the useless efforts of the French to defend Lille and the discord which existed among their generals.
460. Another. Obv. Victory flying l., with wreath and flag of Holland; below, captured arms, and Oudenarde in the distance. ADVERSA ET AVERSA GLORIOSA; in ex., FLANDRIA UTRINQUE TROPÆIFERA CÆSI EX ITINERE GALLI AD AUDENARDAM. XII. IUL. MDCCVIII. M. S. Rev. Deputies l., followed by soldiers surrendering town of Lille to Eugene; Marlborough and his army in the distance. VICIT PERVICAX VIRTUS; in ex., INSULÆ VISCERIBUS LUDOVICI XIV. EREPTÆ NEPOTIBUS ET EXERCITU FRUSTRA RELUCTANT. IX. DEC. MDCCVIII. M. S. Silver. Size 1·85. By M. Smeltzing.
This medal commemorates the battle of Oudenarde as well as the capture of Lille.
461. Another. Obv. Lille l., presenting key of city to Eugene and Marlborough, each holding lily. LILIIS DISCERPTIS LILIVM CAPTVM; in ex., EVGENIO OBSIDENTE, MARLBORVG. PROTEGENTE, GALLO SPECTANTE, INSVLÆ CAPTÆ. MDCCIIX. XXIII OCT. M. B. (monogram). Rev. Plan of Lille. VRBS ANTIQVA REDIT MVLTOS DOMINATA PER ANNOS. Virg. (Aen. ii. 363); on edge, NEC MINOR EST VIRTVS, QVAM QVÆRERE FACTA TVERI. Silver. Size 1·7. By M. Brunner.
This medal indicates the parts taken by Eugene and Marlborough at the siege of Lille, the former superintending the attack, the latter commanding the army, which covered the besiegers.
462. Capitulation of Tournay, 1709. Obv. Bombardment of Tournay. SOLVTA CATENIS INSVRGIT. (Ovid. Metam. iv. 738); in ex., TORNACVM CAPTVM. MDCCIX. Rev. French ship in storm, with broken mainmast, sailors casting cargo into sea; one bale inscribed, DORNIK.—NE PEREAT PERDIT; on edge, REGNI COLLAPSA RVVNT IMMANIA MEMBRA. VIRGIL. (Cf. Aen. ix. 708.) C. G. L. Silver. Size 1·75.
Tournay was invested by Eugene and Marlborough, 7 July, 1709, and it capitulated on the 30th of the same month. The French nation is here likened to a ship in a storm, the broken mainmast denoting the loss of Lille, and the abandoned cargo the capitulation of Tournay. This medal was struck at Nuremberg, and was issued by K. G. Lauffer. (See No. 343.)
463. Another. Obv. Tournay besieged; above, shields of Flanders and Tournay united by ribbon. QVID NVNC TE TVA, TORNE, POTEST ANTIQVA IVVARE GLORIA, (cf. Virg. Aen. xii. 872); in ex., CESSIT INVICTIS FOEDERATORVM ARMIS. M. IVL. 30. MDCCIX. N. Rev. France seated, facing, her hands clasped in attitude of despair, at her feet olive-branches and masks; in the distance, tower struck by lightnings. DOMINE, DIXERVNT: PAX ERIT VOBIS, ET ECCE PERVENIT GLADIVS VSQ. AD ANIMAM. (Cf. Jer. iv. 10.) M. B. (monogram); on edge, NON ASSVMES NOMEN PACIS IN VANVM. (Cf. Exod. xx. 7.) Silver. Size 1·7. By M. Brunner.
The olive-branches and masks at feet of France refer to the unsuccessful proposals of peace made by Louis to the Allies in June 1709, through the Marquis de Torcy.
464. Battle of Malplaquet, 1709. Obv. Bust of Queen l., crowned and draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BRI. FR. &c. I. C. Rev. Battle in forest; above, Victory flying r., with two wreaths. CONCORDIA ET VIRTVTE; in ex., GALLIS AD TAISNIERE DEVICTIS. AVG. XXXI. MDCCIX. Silver. Size 1·85. By J. Croker.
At the battle of Malplaquet, 11 Sept. 1709, the Allies, who were victorious, were commanded by Eugene and Marlborough, and the French by Marshals Villars and Boufflers. The engaged armies fought within the woods of Lanières, Tasnières, and Sars.
465. Capitulation of Mons, 1709. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BRI. FRA. &c. I. C. Rev. View of Mons; above, Victory flying l., with wreath and palm. MONTIBVS IN HANNONIA CAPTIS. MDCCIX. Silver. Size 1·55. By J. Croker.
Mons was the prize of Malplaquet, and surrendered to Eugene 20 Oct. 1709. This was the last success of the Allies in the campaign of 1709 in the Low Countries.
466. Capitulation of Douay, 1710. Obv. Plan of town and fortress of Douay. HÆC REQVIEM REBVS FINEMQVE LABORI ALLATVRA. (Claud. Lib. II., Carm. v. 331); in ex., DVACVM CAPT. D. 29. IVN. MDCCX. N. Rev. Pallas l., snatching from Jupiter half his thunderbolt. BREVI TEMPORE INERMIS ERIT. (Ovid. Trist. Eleg. ii. 33); in ex., VIRTVTE FOEDERATORVM. M. B. (monogram); on edge, INVENIT TAM LONGA POTENTIA FINEM. (Lucan, i. 333.) Silver. Size 1·7. By M. Brunner.
The campaign of 1710 in Holland opened with the occupation by the Allies of the French lines at Pont-à-Vendin and Courrières, and with the siege of Douay, which capitulated 29 June, 1710.
467. Capitulation of Bethune, &c., 1710. Obv. Bust of Queen l., laur. and draped. ANNA AVGVSTA. I. C. Rev. Trophy of arms, flags, and mural crowns on pedestal. BETHVNIA FANO. STI. VENANTII ET ARIA CAPTIS; in ex., INSPECTANT GALL. CENT MILL. MDCCX. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Croker.
The capitulation of Douay was followed by that of Bethune, 30 July; of St. Venant, 29 Sept.; and Aire, 11 Nov.
468. Eugene and Marlborough, 1710. Obv. Busts of Eugene and Marlborough, face to face, in armour, &c. EVGENIVS FRANC. DVX SABAVD. IOHANNES DVX D. MARLB. S. R. I. P. Rev. Within five ornamented borders, views of battle (occupation of lines of Pont-à-Vendin and Courrières), MVNIMENTA OCCVPATA, DOVAY, BETHVNE, S. VENANT, and ARIEN; the first is surmounted by crown of chevaux de frise, the others each by mural crown; in ex., MDCCX.; on edge, ARMORVM FOEDERATORVM FRVCTVS. Silver. Size 1·75.
The reverse type records the successes of the Allies under Eugene and Marlborough in the Low Countries during the year 1710.
469. Victory of Almenara, 1710. Obv. Same as No. 467. Rev. Battle scene; fight between English and Spanish cavalry. PVGNA EQVESTRIS; in ex., HISPANIS AD ALMENARAM VICT. IVLII. XVI. MDCCX. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Croker.
On 27 July, 1710, General Stanhope and Marshal Staremberg, who commanded the Allies in Spain, brought Philip to action near Almenara, and routed his whole army in less than half an hour. In consequence of his defeat Philip was compelled to retreat to Saragoza.
470. Victory of Saragoza, 1710. Obv. Same. Rev. Victory laying French flags at feet of Anne, enthroned r.; near her, Britannia. HISPANIS PROFLIGATIS; in ex., AD CÆSARIAM AVGVSTAM AVG. IX. MDCCX. Silver. Size 1·85. By J. Croker.
The battle of Almenara was followed by another under the walls of Saragoza, in which the army of Philip was again defeated, 20 Aug. 1710. On the same day as the battle, Colonel Harrison was despatched to England with the news of the victory, taking with him the captured standards.
471. Victories over Louis XIV., 1710. Obv. Anne as Delilah r., cutting off hair of Louis XIV., seated asleep within tent; in the distance, town bombarded, &c. PHILISTER ÜBER DIR SIMSON; in ex., POST VARIAS VRBES ET DVAVAM GALLIS EREPTVM (sic). D. 27. IVN. 1710. Rev. Louis XIV. as a decrepit and gouty old man, dancing to Anne playing harp. Il sait s'accommoder aux Dames; in ex., LUDOVIC. MAGN. ANNA ILLO MAIOR. Silver. Size 1·7.
This medal was executed in Holland, and is a satire on the fortunes of Louis XIV., whose armies had suffered such severe defeats in the Low Countries and in Spain.
472. Dr. Henry Sacheverell, 1710. Obv. Bust three-quarters r., in canonicals. H. SACH. D.D. Rev. Bishop's mitre. IS FIRM TO THEE. Silver. Size 1·35. Cast.
Dr. Henry Sacheverell, English divine, was impeached in 1710 for two sermons preached at Derby, in which he advocated the doctrines of non-resistance and passive obedience, and attacked the Dissenters and the toleration of the "Genevan discipline," and at the same time the Ministry. He was suspended for three years.
473. Another. Obv. Same. Rev. Bust of Pope Innocent XI. r., wearing mitre and robes. IS FIRM TO THEE. Silver. Size 1·35. Cast.
The reverse type refers to a resolution appended to the sentence of Sacheverell, that the famous decree issued by the University of Oxford 1683, on the occasion of the Rye House Plot, maintaining the doctrine of passive obedience to the authority of Princes, should be burnt by the hangman. Innocent XI. was at that time Pope (1676—1689).
474. Peace of Utrecht: Preliminaries discussed, 1712. Obv. France, Spain, England, Austria, and Belgia seated at table, discussing treaty. AUDIT UIDET TACET RIDET. Rev. View of Utrecht; above, radiate name of Jehovah in Hebrew (incorrectly spelt); beneath, arms of city. BELLI FUGAT NUBES SOLEMQ. REDUCIT PACIS. (cf. Virg. Aen. i. 147); in ex., CONGRESSUS PACIFER. INCHOAT. 29. IANUAR. MDCCXII. Silver. Size 2·85. Cast and chased. Dutch.
The Peace of Utrecht, which put an end to the war of the Spanish Succession, was not signed till April and July 1713; but conferences for negotiations of peace were opened at Utrecht as early as January 1712.
475. Peace of Utrecht, 1713. Obv. Bust of Queen l., laur. and draped. ANNA D. G. MAG. BRI. FR. &c.; on arm, I. C. Rev. Anne as Britannia, head bare, standing towards l., holding olive-branch, spear, and shield; in the distance, labourers at work in fields and merchant-ships on sea. COMPOSITIS VENERANTVR ARMIS. (Hor. iv. Od. 15, 52.) MDCCXIII. Gold. Size 1·35. By J. Croker.
The series of treaties which together formed the Peace of Utrecht was a treaty between England and France, another between England and Spain, and a third between France and the States-General. The articles of this treaty chiefly affecting England were the recognition of the Protestant succession of the House of Hanover and the cession of Gibraltar and Minorca.
476. Another. Obv. Similar. Rev. Similar: figure of Anne as Britannia, helmeted, holds olive-branch and spear. BELLO ET PACE; in ex., ANNO MDCCXIII. PAX RESTITVTA. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. Croker.
477—478. Another. Obv. Peace r., crowned, locking door of Temple of Janus, inscribed ANNO MDCCXIII; near, two chained figures, one armed; on l., globe, &c. and Mercury holding scroll inscribed, EUROPÆ PAX REDDITA; in ex., TRAIECTUM. Rev. Europe seated l. on rock, holding olive-branch and cornucopiae; in the distance, fleet. EUROPA. Gold and silver. Size 1·85. Dutch.
GEORGE I. 1714—1727.
479. Proclamation medal, 1714. Obv. Bust of King r., in armour and cloak. GEORGIVS D. G. MAG. BRIT. FR. ET HIB. REX. E. HANNIBAL. Rev. King in electoral cap r., accompanied by Religion and Liberty, who crowns him with wreath, and receiving crown and sceptre from Britannia trampling on monster; on r., shield of kingdom held by Lion. PRINC. OPT. RELIGIONIS ET LIBERTATIS CVSTODI; in ex., PVBLICA AVCTORITATE PROCLAMATO 1/12 AVG. ANNO MDCCXIIII. Gold. Size 2·6. By E. Hannibal.29
George, Elector of Hanover, was proclaimed King of England 12 Aug. 1714, but he did not arrive in England till 18 Sept. The monster, on which Britannia tramples, is emblematic of the Pretender and his party.
480. Coronation, 1714. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GEORGIVS D. G. MAG. BRIT. FR. &c. E. HANNIBAL. Rev. King enthroned r. beneath canopy, crowned by Britannia holding shield. INAVGVRAT. 31/20 OCT. MDCCXIIII. Gold. Size 2. By E. Hannibal.
George I. was crowned at Westminster, 20 Oct. 1714 (O. S.).
481. Jacobite Rebellion in Scotland. Battle of Preston, 1715. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour and cloak. GEORGIVS D. G. MAG. BR. FR. &c. I. C. Rev. Trophy of arms on pedestal; at base of which are seated two naked captives. FIDES MILITVM; in ex., REBELL. AD PRESTON CAPT. 13. NOV. 1715. I. C. Silver. Size 1·8. By J. Croker.
The Earl of Mar having raised the standard of the Pretender in Scotland, a large army under MacIntosh and Forster crossed the Cheviots and advanced as far as Preston, Lancashire, where, being attacked by a force under General Carpenter, 13 Nov. 1715, it surrendered after a very feeble resistance.
482. Battle of Sheriff-Muir, 1715. Obv. Same. Rev. Victory r., with sword and palm, driving before her the cavalry of the rebels. PERJURII ULTRIX; in ex., AD DVNBLAINVM. 13 NOV. 1715. I. C. Silver. Size 1·75. By J. Croker.
On the same day that the rebel army surrendered at Preston, the Earl of Mar was defeated by the Duke of Argyll at Sheriff-Muir (Dunblane), near Stirling.
483. War of the Quadruple Alliance: Defeat of Spanish Fleet off Cape Passaro, 1718. Obv. Similar. Rev. Rostral column, surmounted by figure of King holding trident; at base, arms and trophies of war. SOCIORVM PROTECTOR; in ex., CLASSE HISP. DELETA AD ORAS SICILIÆ. 1718. Gold. Size 1·75. By J. Croker.
After the forming of the Quadruple Alliance between England, France, Holland, and Austria, to oppose Spain, who had broken the Treaty of Utrecht by seizing Sardinia, the British fleet under Admiral Byng attacked and defeated the Spanish fleet off Cape Passaro, 11 Aug. 1718, destroying a large number of the enemy's ships.
484. Quadruple Alliance: Indecision of the United Provinces, 1720. Obv. France, Austria, and England in chariot on three wheels, drawn by two horses; the fourth wheel is held by Holland, seated l. on lioness, and grasping staff surmounted by cap of Liberty; England invites her to enter the chariot. SISTIT ADHVC QVARTA DEFICIENTE ROTA. Rev. FOEDVS QVADRVPLEX IMPERFECTVM REPVBLICA BATAVA FORTITER PRVDENTERQ. CVNCTANTE. MDCCXX. Silver. Size 2·2. Dutch.
This medal refers to the reluctance on the part of Holland to support the other Powers in their effort to carry out the policy of their alliance.
485. Gibraltar attacked, 1727. Obv. Gibraltar besieged by Spanish fleet. VINCERE AVT MORI; in ex., GIBRALTAR OBSESSA. D. XXII. FEBR. MDCCXXVII. Rev. SED DATVR TERTIVM MINVS PERICVLOSVM ABIRE. Silver. Size 1·7.
The alliance concluded between England, France, and Prussia at Hanover, 1725, to obviate the effects of the secret Treaty of Vienna formed by the Emperor and the King of Spain, led to hostilities between England and Spain, which were begun by an unsuccessful attack on Gibraltar, 22 Feb. 1727.
486. Dean Swift, 1716. Bust three-quarters r., in wig and canonicals. IONAT. SWIFT ST. P. ET D. ST. P. IN Hib; below, NON PAREIL. On reverse, I. P. F. (engraved). Enamelled steel. Size 3. Cast. Plaque.
Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's, the celebrated political and satirical writer, born 1667, died 1745. This plaque may have served as a cover of a box.
GEORGE II. 1727—1760.
487. Accession to Electorate, &c., 1727. Obv. Bust of King l., laur., wearing armour and cloak. GEORGIVS II. D. G. MAG. BRIT. FR. &c. E. HANNIBAL F. Rev. Horse of Brunswick galloping l. over rocks. NEC ASPERA TERRENT (motto); in ex., SVCCESSIO ELECTORALIS. MDCCXXVII. E. H. Silver. Size 2·5. By E. Hannibal.
George I. died at Osnaburg, 11 June, 1727, and his son, George II., was proclaimed King four days afterwards, 15 June.
488. Coronation, 1727. Obv. Bust of King l., laur., wearing armour and cloak. GEORGIVS II. D. G. MAG. BR. FR. ET HIB. REX. I. C. Rev. King enthroned r., crowned by Britannia, holding cornucopiae and resting on fasces. PER POPULOS VOLENTES; in ex., CORON. XI. OCTOB. MDCCXXVII. Gold. Size 1·35. By J. Croker.
George II. was crowned 11 Oct. 1727.
489. Coronation of Queen, 1727. Obv. Bust of Queen l., draped. CAROLINA D. G. MAG. BR. FR. &c. I. C. Rev. Queen facing between Religion holding book and Britannia with spear and shield. HIC AMOR HÆC PATRIA; in ex., CORON. XI. OCTOB. MDCCXXVII. Gold. Size 1·3. By J. Croker.
Caroline, wife of George II., dau. of John Frederic, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, born 1683, mar. 1705, died 1737.
490. The Royal Family of England, 1732. Obv. Busts, face to face, of King in armour and cloak, and Queen draped. GEORGIVS II. REX ET CAROLINA REGINA; below, MDCCXXXII; on arm of King, I. C. Rev. Seven busts in profile of the Royal children, the Prince of Wales in centre l., on his arm T. FELICITAS IMPERII; in ex., names of the two Princes and five Princesses. Gold. Size 2·7. By J. Croker and J. Sigmund Tanner.30
The Royal children were Frederic Prince of Wales, William Duke of Cumberland, and the Princesses, Anne, Amelia, Caroline, Mary, and Louisa.
491. Frederic Prince of Wales. Obv. Bust of Prince l., in armour. FREDERIC. WALLIÆ PRINCEPS. J. A. DASSIER. Rev. Coronet, plumes, and motto of Prince of Wales, supported by two infant angels in clouds. Copper. Size 2·1. By J. A. Dassier.31
Frederic, Prince of Wales, born 1707; mar. 1736 Augusta, dau. of Frederic II., Duke of Saxe-Gotha; died 1751.
492. War of Spanish Succession: Second Treaty of Vienna, 1731. Obv. Head of King l.,laur. GEORGIVS II. D. G. MAG. BRI. FRA. &c. I. C. Rev. Neptune in sea-chariot r., contending with the four winds. PRÆSTAT COMPONERE. (Virg. Aen. i. 139); in ex., FOEDVS VIENNENSE. MDCCXXXI. Gold. Size 1·8. By J. Croker.
The second Treaty of Vienna, between England, France, Spain, Holland, and the Emperor, signed 5 Mar. 1731, terminated the disputes which arose out of the Spanish Succession.
493. War with Spain: Taking of Porto Bello, 1739. Obv. Admiral Vernon towards l., in naval uniform; in background, ship, and Fort Chagree; above which, A VIEW OF FORT CHAGRE. THE BRITISH GLORY REVIV.D (sic) BY ADMIRAL VERNON. Rev. English fleet in Porto Bello harbour. HE TOOK PORTO BELLO WITH SIX SHIPS ONLY; in ex., NOV. 22. 1739. Brass. Size 1·45.
Immediately after the declaration of war against Spain, 19 Oct. 1739, Commodore Anson was sent to blockade the coast of Peru, and Admiral Vernon to attack Porto Bello, which he captured 22 Nov. 1739 with the small force of six men-of-war.
494. Attempt on Carthagena, 1741. Obv. Admiral Vernon towards l., in naval uniform; in the distance, Carthagena. ADM VERNON VIEWING THE TOWN OF CARTHAGENA. Rev. View of harbour of Carthagena; outside, English ships; within, boat, over which DON BLASS.—HE DESTROYD THE FORTS OF CARTHAGENA; in ex., APRIL 1741. Pewter. Size 1·4.
Admiral Vernon attacked Carthagena 4 Mar. 1741, but only succeeded in destroying a portion of its defences. Of this and the previous medal there are a large number of varieties.
495—496. War of the Austrian Succession: Victory of Dettingen, 1743. Obv. Bust of King l., in armour and cloak. GEORGIVS II. D. G. MAGN. BRIT. FR. &c. D. HAESLING F. Rev. The King on horseback l., commanding at battle of Dettingen: distant view of engagement. LIBERTAS FAVORE DEI ET VIRTVTE MILITIS RESTITVTA; in ex., AD DETTINGAM. D. XXVII. IVN. MDCCXLIII. Gold and silver. Size 2·6. By D. Haesling.
At Dettingen, George II., with an army of 40,000 English and Hanoverians, defeated the French under the Duc de Noailles and the Duc de Grammont. In consequence of this defeat, the French were compelled to evacuate Germany. This medal was executed by Daniel Haesling, a native of East Gothland and pupil of Hedlinger. He worked chiefly for the kings of Poland and Denmark.
497. Battle of Fontenoy, 1745. Obv. Head of Louis XV. r., bound with diadem. LUD. XV. REX CHRISTIANISS. F. M. Rev. Louis XV. with the Dauphin in triumphal quadriga r., crowned by Victory. DECUS IMPERII GALLICI; in ex., HOSTES AB IPSOMET REGE FUSI AD FONTENOIUM. XI. MAII. MDCCXLV. Copper. Size 1·6. By F. Marteau.
The defeat of the Allies at Fontenoy was mainly due to the flight of the Dutch. The Allies were commanded by the Duke of Cumberland, and the French by Louis XV. and Marshal Saxe. F. Marteau was one of the engravers to Louis XV.
498. Jacobite Rebellion: Battle of Culloden, 1746. Obv. Bust of Duke of Cumberland r., wearing armour and lion's skin. GULIELMUS GEOR. II. R. FIL. DUX CUMBRIÆ; on arm, R. YEO F. Rev. Hercules raising Britannia l., and trampling on Rebellion holding serpents. PERDVELLIB. EX ANG. FVGAT. AD CULLOD. DEBELLAT. 16. APR. 1746. Gold. Size 2. By R. Yeo.
By the battle of Culloden, 16 Apr. 1746, in which the Scots, under Prince Charles Edward and Lord G. Murray, were defeated by the Duke of Cumberland, the cause of the Jacobites was hopelessly crushed. This medal is by Richard Yeo, who for many years during the reign of George II. was employed as one of the assistant engravers at the Royal Mint.
499. War of the Austrian Succession: Naval engagement off Cape Finisterre, 1747. Obv. Head of Admiral Anson l., crowned by Victory, standing on prow. GEORGE LORD ANSON. VICT. MAY III. MDCCXLVII. T. PINGO F. Rev. Victory with wreath and trophy towards l., standing on sea-monster above globe. CIRCVMNAVIGATION; around, each within laurel-wreath, names of SAVNDERS, BRETT, DENNIS, CAMPBELL, KEPPEL, SAVMAREZ. MDCCXL. MDCCXLIV. Gold. Size 1·65. By T. Pingo.32
This medal commemorates the defeat of the French fleet off Cape Finisterre, 3 May, 1747, by Admiral Lord Anson.
500. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748. Obv. Priestess l., sacrificing at altar; above, in clouds, female figure holding cornucopiae, olive-branch, and scales; on l., lion of Holland resting on Bible and holding staff with cap of Liberty. E SVPERIS ASTRÆA REDVX BONA SÆCVLA REDDENS; in ex., PAX AQVISGRANI SANCITA ANNO LIB. IVBILÆO. MDCCXLVIII. Rev. Eight shields crowned, attached to orange-branches and lilies—arms of England, France, Empire, Spain, Holland, Sardinia, Italy, and Prussia; in centre, burning heart, pierced with arrows. REDUNIVNTVR. Silver. Size 1·7.
By the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, the war of the Austrian Succession was brought to an end. The treaty was signed by all the belligerent parties, in October 1748, Sardinia excepted. This medal was executed in Holland.
501. Conquest of Canada: Louisburg taken, 1758. Obv. Globe, inscribed CANADA. AMERICA, resting on prostrate fury at edge of rock, who drops fleur-de-lis and points to boats in sea; on either side of globe, Grenadier and Canadian; above, Fame l., English flag and scroll inscribed, PARITER IN BELLA. T. PINGO F. Rev. Louisburg bombarded. LOVISBOVRG TAKEN. MDCCLVIII: edge engraved with names of Boscawen, Amherst, and Pitt. Silver. Size 1·7. By T. Pingo.
Louisburg was captured from the French, 27 July, 1758. Generals Amherst and Wolfe commanded the land forces, and Admiral Boscawen the fleet.
502. Taking of Quebec, 1759. Obv. Head of Britannia l., bound with fillet; above, BRITANNIA; below, laurel-wreath, uniting trident and standard. SAVNDERS. WOLFE. Rev. Victory l., crowning trophy; at base, captive seated bound, and prow of ship. QVEBEC TAKEN. MDCCLIX.; in ex., SOC. P. A. C. Silver. Size 1·5.
On 13 Sep. 1759, the heights of Abraham above Quebec were captured by Wolfe, who was killed in the action. The town of Quebec surrendered five days afterwards. Admiral Saunders commanded the fleet. This medal and the following (Nos. 503—5) were issued by the Society for the Promotion of Arts and Commerce.
503. Canada Subdued, 1760. Obv. Head of King l., laur. GEORGE II. KING. Rev. Weeping female figure seated r. beneath pine-tree; on the other side, beaver. CANADA SUBDUED; in ex., MDCCLX. S. P. A. C. Silver. Size 1·5.
After the capture of Quebec, it was arranged that the garrison should be conveyed to the nearest French port. In the following year the conquest of the whole of Canada was completed. The reverse type of this medal is suggested by the well-known "Judaea Capta" on Roman coins.
504. War of East India Company: Victory of Plassy, 1757. Obv. Victory, with trophy and palm, on elephant l. VICTORY AT PLASSY CLIVE COMMANDER; in ex., MDCCLVIII. SOC. P. A. C. Rev. Clive in dress of Roman warrior l., holding standard in l. hand and presenting sceptre of Nawab (Nabob) of Bengal to Meer Jaafar (Jaffier); between them, globe, cornucopiae, and rudder. INIVRIES ATTONED PRIVILEGE AVGMENTED TERRITORY ACQVIRED. A SOVBAH GIVEN TO BENGAL. MDCCLVIII. Silver. Size 1·5.
This medal records the defeat of Siraj-ed-dawleh (Surajah Dowlah) at Plassy by Clive, 23 June, 1757, and the appointment of Meer Jaafar to be his successor as Nawab (Nabob) of Bengal, &c.
505. War in Africa: Taking of Goree, 1758. Obv. Head of Britannia, l.; behind, trident. O FAIR BRITANNIA HAIL. Rev. Victory with wreath and palm on prow, r. GOREE TAKEN. MDCCLVIII. Silver. Size 1·55.
The island of Goree was captured from the French by Commodore Keppel, 28 Dec. 1758.
506. Seven Years' War: Battle of Minden, 1759. Obv. Mars with scourge and shield, surrounded by French arms and flags, dispersing enemy, who are seen flying in the distance. VIRTVTI CEDIT NVMERVS; in ex., PRŒLIVM MINDENSE. I. AVG. MDCCLIX. I. G. HOLTZHEY FEC. Rev. View of the valley of the Weser; in foreground, olive-tree entwined with vine; at base, keys in mural crowns and wheat-sheaves. POST TOT DISCRIMINA RERVM. (Virg. Aen. i. 408); in ex., FERD. PR. BRVNSV. EXERC. FOED. DVX. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. G. Holtzhey.33
At the battle of Minden, 31 July, 1759, the French, under Marshal Contades and the Duke de Broglie, were defeated by the Hanoverians and English, commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick and Lord George Sackville. Nothing but the refusal of Lord Sackville to complete the victory by a charge of Ferdinand's horse saved the French from utter rout.
507. Another. Obv. Bust of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick r., in armour and cloak. FERD. OF BRVNSWICK; on arm, KIRK. Rev. View of battle; Prince Ferdinand in foreground commanding. PROTESTANTS REIOICING; in ex., THE FRENCH BEATEN AT MINDEN. MDCCLIX. Silver. Size 1·4. By John Kirk.
John Kirk's work dates from the second half of the 18th cent. He executed a large number of medalets.
508. Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, 1744. Obv. Bust l., wearing star and ribbon of Garter. ROBERTUS WALPOLE. A. DASSIER F. Rev. Within ornamented border, COMES DE ORFORD. MDCCXLIV. Copper. Size 2·15. By J. A. Dassier.
Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, statesman, b. 1676, Secretary for War 1708, Treasurer of the Navy 1709, Chancellor of the Exchequer and First Lord of the Treasury 1715—17, Paymaster of the Forces 1720, Prime Minister 1721—1742; d. 1745.
509. Lord Carteret, 1744. Obv. Bust r., in civilian's dress. IOHANNES CARTERET. A. DASSIER F. Rev. Within ornamented border, BARO DE CARTERET. MDCCXLIV. Copper. Size 2·1. By J. A. Dassier.
Lord John Carteret, aft. Earl Granville, statesman, b. 1690, Second Sec. of State 1721, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1724—26 and again 1729—30, First Secretary of State 1742—1744; d. 1763.
510. Earl of Chesterfield, 1743. Obv. Bust l., wearing star and ribbon. PHILIPPUS STANHOPE, I. A. DASSIER F. Rev. Within ornamented border, COMES DE CHESTERFIELD. MDCCXLIII. Copper. Size 2·1. By J. A. Dassier.
Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, statesman and writer, b. 1694, Ambassador at the Hague 1728 and 1745, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1745, Second Sec. of State 1746: assisted in the Reformation of the Calendar 1752; d. 1773.
511. Earl of Chatham. Obv. Bust l., in tie-wig and civilian's dress. GVLIELMVS PITT; on arm, T. PINGO F. Rev. THE MAN WHO HAVING SAVED THE PARENT PLEADED WITH SUCCESS FOR HER CHILDREN. Silver. Size 1·55. By T. Pingo.
William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, statesman, b. 1708, Vice-Treasurer for Ireland 1746, Paymaster-General of the Army 1747—55, First Secretary of State 1756 and again 1757—1761, Lord Privy Seal and Prime Minister 1766—68; d. 1778.
This medal refers to Chatham's foreign policy and desire to stop England's contest with her colonies.
512. General Wolfe, 1759. Obv. Bust l., in armour and cloak. IACOBUS WOLFE ANGLUS. GOSSET M. KIRK F. Rev. Urn on pedestal, inscribed, PRO PATRIA; above, laurel-wreath; around, arms and flags. IN VICTORIA CÆSVS; in ex., QVEBECÆ. SEPT. XIII. MDCCLIX. Silver. Size 1·4. By C. Gosset and J. Kirk.
Major-General James Wolfe, b. 1726, served at Dettingen, Fontenoy, Falkirk, and Culloden; commanded in Canada, and was killed in the attack on Quebec, 13 Sept. 1759.
513. Lord Clive, 1766. Obv. Bust, three-quarters l., wearing embroidered coat and ribbon and star. ROBERT CLIVE BARON OF PLASSEY. I. U. N. F. Rev. Fame facing, pointing at obelisk, inscribed with achievements of Clive. HONOUR THE REWARD OF MERIT; in ex., ANNO 1766. C. G. Copper. Size 1·6. By C. Gosset.
Robert Lord Clive, b. 1725, in service of the East India Company, defeated Siraj-ed-dawleh (Surajah Dowlah), Nawab (Nabob) of Bengal, at Plassey, 23 June, 1757; Governor and Commander-in-chief in Bengal 1764—67; d. 1774.
GEORGE III 1760—1820.
514. Marriage, 1761. Obv. Busts of King and Queen, as Greek Sovereigns, jugate r. GEORG. III. SOPH. CAROL. M. B. F. ET H. REX ET REGINA; on shoulder, A. Rev. Britannia burning incense at tripod, and holding staff with cap of Liberty; in the distance, ship. VOTA BRITANNIÆ; in ex., FELICI VINCULO IUNCTI. D. X. SEPT. MDCCLXI. Gold. Size 1·65. By J. Abraham.34
George III. married, 8 Sep. 1761, Sophia Charlotte, dau. of the Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz. The date is incorrectly given on the medal.
515. Coronation, 1761. Obv. Bust of King r., laur., in armour, and cloak. GEORGIVS III. D. G. M. BRI. FRA. ET HIB. REX F. D.; on arm, L. N. Rev. King in Roman dress, laur., seated l., crowned by Britannia; at her side, shield and trident; on r., lion with orb. PATRIAE OVANTI; in ex., CORON. XXII. SEPT. MDCCLXI. L. N. Gold. Size 1·3. By J. L. Natter.35
George III., eldest son of Frederic Prince of Wales, succeeded to the throne 22 Oct. 1760. He was crowned 22 Sep. 1761.
516. Another. Obv. Bust of King l., in armour and cloak. GEORGIVS TERTIVS REX. Rev. Bust of Queen r., draped. CHARLOTTA BRITANNIÆ REGINA. NUPT. SEP. VIII. CORO. XXII. MDCCLXI. Silver. Size 1·6. By J. Kirk.
517. Seven Years' War: Peace of Paris, &c., 1763. Obv. Two military figures (Mars and Austria) conducting Prussia helmeted to Temple of Janus, surmounted by arms of Russia and ornamented with various shields; within temple, Neptune and Sol sacrificing; on step of temple, SVVM CVIQVE. ADES PAX ET TOTO MITIS IN ORBE MANE. MDCCLXIII. I. G. HOLTZHEY FEC. Rev. Latin inscription detailing treaties entered upon by the different Powers at the end of the Seven Years' War. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. G. Holtzhey.
The treaties which terminated the Seven Years' War were a compact between Russia and Prussia, 5 May, 1762; another between Prussia and Sweden, 22 May, 1762; another, called the Peace of Paris, between England, France, Spain, and Portugal, 10/16 Feb. 1763; and the last, called the Peace of Hubertsburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, 18 Feb. 1763.
518. Prosecution of the "North Briton," No. 45, 1763. Obv. Bust of Wilkes, three-quarters l., wearing robes of Lord Mayor. I. WILKES ESQ LORD MAYOR. 1774. Rev. Axe and jack-boot with head of Lord Bute. BRITONS STRIKE HOME. Copper. Size 1·7. Cast.
John Wilkes, Alderman of London and M.P. for Aylesbury, was imprisoned under a general warrant for a libel on the King's Speech published in the "North Briton," No. 45, 1763. General warrants being declared illegal, Wilkes was released. The head in the jack-boot was a rustic pun on the name of John Earl of Bute, Prime Minister 1762—3. The axe suggests treason. This medal was executed when Wilkes became Lord Mayor of London, 1774.
519. Captain Cook's Second Voyage, 1772. Obv. Head of King r., laur. GEORGE III. KING OF GR. BRITAIN FRANCE AND IRELAND ETC. B. F. Rev. Two ships on sea. RESOLVTION ADVENTVRE—SAILED FROM ENGLAND. MARCH. MDCCLXXII. Gold. Size 1·7. By Barnett.
In his second voyage round the world, Captain James Cook, the navigator (b. 1728; d. 1779), commanded the Resolution, and was accompanied by the Adventure. He left in March 1772, and, after visiting New Zealand and passing Cape Horne, returned in July 1774.
520. Another. Obv. Bust l., in naval uniform. IAC. COOK OCEANI INVESTIGATOR ACERRIMVS. REG. SOC. LOND. SOCIO SVO. L. P. F. Rev. Fortune l., leaning on rostral column, holding rudder on globe, and spear; near her, shield. NIL INTENTATVM NOSTRI LIQVERE. (Hor. Ep. ad Pis. 285); in ex., AVSPICIIS GEORGII III. Gold. Size 1·65. By L. Pingo.
On his return from his second voyage in 1774, Captain Cook was elected a member of the Royal Society, and in 1776 he received its Copley medal in gold for brilliant discoveries. This medal is by Lewis Pingo, who for many years during the reign of George III. was Chief Engraver to the Royal Mint.
521. No Popery Riots, 1779—80. Obv. Bust of Lord George Gordon l., in broad-brimmed hat and coat. Rev. LORD GEORGE GORDON. 1780. Copper. Size 1·15.
In consequence of a Bill before Parliament to relieve Roman Catholics of certain penalties and disabilities, serious riots took place in Scotland and England, 1779—80. These riots were stimulated by the Protestant Association, of which Lord George Gordon was president.
522. American War: Paul Jones: Attacks on Scottish Coast, 1779. Obv. Bust of Paul Jones r., in naval uniform. JOANNI PAVLO JONES CLASSIS PRAEFECTO. COMITIA AMERICANA. DUPRÉ F. Rev. Naval engagement. HOSTIVM NAVIBVS CAPTIS AVT FVGATIS; in ex., AD ORAM SCOTIAE. XXIII. SEPT. MDCCLXXVIIII. DUPRÉ F. Copper. Size 2·2. By A. Dupré.36
In the autumn of 1779 Scotland was much alarmed by the daring exploits of Captain John Paul Jones, who in command of an American squadron attacked her coasts, captured numerous prizes, and even threatened Edinburgh. This medal records the capture, on 13 Sep. 1779, of the English frigate Serapis, Captain Pearson, by the Bon Homme Richard, commanded by Captain Paul Jones, to whom it was awarded, in gold.
523. Defeat of Royal Forces at Cowpens, 1781. Obv. English cavalry flying before American; Lieut.-Colonel Washington on horseback l., commanding; above, Victory with wreath and palms. GULIELMO WASHINGTON LEGIONIS EQUIT. PRÆFECTO; in ex., COMITIA AMERICAN, DU V. Rev. Within laurel-wreath, inscription in Latin, giving date of battle of Cowpens, XVII. JAN. MDCCLXXXI. &c. Copper. Size 2·8. By B. Du Vivier.37
On 17 Jan. 1781, Colonel Tarleton, who commanded the British troops, was defeated at a place called Cowpens by a force under General Morgan and Lieut.-Colonel Washington, nephew of the Commander-in-chief.
524. Prosecution of the War with America, 1781. Obv. Bust of King l., laur., in armour and cloak. GEORGIUS III. REX ANG. Rev. Lion l., bursting his bonds. INDOCILIS PATI; in ex., IN PERPET. MEMOR. MDCCLXXXI. Silver. Size 2·1.
This medal illustrates the determination of England to prosecute the war with America to the "bitter end." The independence of the Colonies was, however, acknowledged in the following year, 30 Nov. 1782, by the Treaty of Paris.
525. War with Holland: Capture of the Island of St. Eustatius, 1781. Obv. Bust of Admiral Rodney r., in naval uniform. G. B. RODNEY. Rev. Within oak-wreath, IN MEMORY OF THE GLORIOUS 3RD. FEBRY. 1781 WHEN S GEORGE PUNISH'D THE DUTCH &c. &c. Silver. Size 1·35.
Holland having formed a secret treaty with the United States, a declaration of war was proclaimed in London, and on 3 Feb. 1781 Admiral Sir George Rodney captured from the Dutch the rich Island of St. Eustatius, in the West Indies. It was recaptured by the French in the following year.
526. Action off Cadiz, 1781: Capture of the Castor. Obv. Ships on sea; one sinking. VIS VI FORTITER REPULSA; in ex., PROPE GADES. XXX. MAY. MDCCLXXXI. Rev. Trophy of three shields, arms of Holland and of the Dutch ships the Castor and Brill? surmounted by naval crown, anchors, and two flags inscribed, P. MELVILL NAVARCHUS, and G. OORTHUIS NAVARCH.; sun rising. ANTIQVA VIRTVTE DVVMVIRI; below, festoons with lion's head in centre. I. G. HOLTZHEY FEC. Silver. Size 1·75. By J. G. Holtzhey.
This medal commemorates the action on 30 May, 1781, between the English ships, the Flora and Crescent, and the Dutch ships, the Castor and Brill. The fight ended in the capture of the Castor, commanded by Capt. Melvill. Capt. Oorthuis commanded the Brill.
527. Action off Dogger Bank, 1781. Obv. Victory r., holding wreath and palm, on prow inscribed, DOGGERS BANK—PAX QVAERITVR BELLO. V. AVG. MDCCLXXXI. S. Rev. Within laurel-wreath, EXIMIAE VIRTVTIS PRAEMIVM; around, MVNIFICENTIA PRINCIPIS AVRIACI. Gold. Size 1·4; with ring for suspension.
This medal was executed by order of the Prince of Orange to commemorate the action off Dogger Bank, 5 Aug. 1781, between the English fleet under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker and the Dutch under Admiral Zoutman. Both sides fought with the determination of former days, but neither obtained any actual advantage.
528. War with Spain: Siege of Gibraltar, 1782. Obv. View of Gibraltar besieged. PER TOT DISCRIMINA RERUM. (Virg. Aen. i. 208); XIII. SEPT. MDCCLXXXII. Rev. Within laurel-wreath, REDEN, LAMOTTE, SYDOW, ELIOTT; around, BRUDERSCHAFT. L. PINGO F. Gold. Size 1·9. By L. Pingo.
Gibraltar had suffered a siege of three years, when the Spaniards determined to make a supreme effort to capture the place by means of floating batteries constructed by the French engineer D'Arcon. The great attack was made 13 Sep. 1782, but failed, the batteries being totally destroyed by red-hot cannon balls. The fortress was defended by General Elliot, who ordered this medal to be struck for presentation to the Hanoverian Brigade, which took part in the defence.
529. General Elliot. Defender of Gibraltar, 1782. Obv. Bust l., in military uniform, wearing order of Garter. GEORGE AUGUSTUS ELIOTT GOVERNOR OF GIBRALTAR. J. P. DROZ F. Rev. Hercules, with apples of the Hesperides and club, facing; beside him, pillar, another beyond, the sea between; in the distance, Gibraltar. FORTITER ET RECTE; in ex., XIII. SEPT. MDCCLXXXII. DROZ F. Copper. Size 2·35. By J. P. Droz.38
General George Augustus Elliot, Lord Heathfield, born 1718, entered the army 1735; was present at Dettingen 1743; appointed Commander-in-chief in Ireland 1775, and soon afterwards Governor of Gibraltar, which he defended in the long siege from 1779 to 1783; created 1787 Lord Heathfield, Baron Gibraltar; died 1790. The rock of Calpe (Gibraltar) on the Spanish coast, with the opposite one of Abyla on the African coast, formed the renowned "Pillars of Hercules," so called from the myth that he tore asunder the mountain which closed the Straits.
530. Recovery of the King, 1789. Obv. Head of King r., laur. GEORGIVS III. MAGN. BR. FR. &c. Rev. West front of St. Paul's Cathedral. LÆTITIA CVM PIETATE.—DEO OPT. MAX. REX. PIENTISS. PRO SALVTE REST. V.S.L. M. AP. 23. 1789; edge inscribed. Gold. Size 2·1.
In 1788 the King was attacked with a violent illness, which terminated in symptoms of lunacy. He recovered in the following year, and a public thanksgiving was held at St. Paul's, 23 April, 1789. This medal was "struck by order of the Patrons of the anniversary meeting, who assembled with 5000 children on the happy event."
531. War with France: "Victory of the 1st June," 1794. Obv. Bust of Admiral Howe l., in naval uniform and cloak. RIC. COMES HOWE VICE-ADMIRALLUS ANGLIÆ &c. BARNETT. Rev. Neptune in sea-chariot l., presenting trident to Britannia, seated l. on rock; in background, Victory r. inscribing obelisk with names of Howe and the other commanders; ships in action. NON NOBIS SED PATRIÆ; in ex., MDCCXCIIII. 1ST. JUNE. Barnett. Silver. Size 2·2. By Barnett.
On the 1st June, 1794, Admiral Lord Howe, who commanded the Channel Fleet, fell in with the French fleet off Brest, under Jean Bon St. André. After an hour's hard fighting Howe broke the enemy's line, capturing seven ships and sinking another. For this victory the Admiral received the thanks of Parliament, &c.
532. Marriage of George Prince of Wales with Caroline of Brunswick, 1795. Obv. Bust of Prince, three quarters r., in civilian's dress, wearing star of Garter; around, border of oak-leaves and ribbon inscribed, GEORGE PRINCE OF WALES, &c. Rev. Inscription with dates of birth of Prince, 12 Aug. 1762, and his marriage, 8 Apr. 1795. Silver. Size 1·8. By Whitley of Old Bond Street.
George (IV.) Prince of Wales mar. 8 April, 1795, Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, dau. of the Duke of Brunswick.
533. Another. Obv. Busts of Prince and Princess jugate r. GEORGE PRINCE OF WALES ET CAROLINE PRINC.; on arm of Prince, C. H. K. Rev. FROGMORE. MAY 19 1795; beneath, oak-branches crossing. SOHO. Silver. Size 1·85. By C. H. Küchler.
This medal was struck upon the occasion of the visit of the Prince and Princess to Frogmore after their marriage. C. H. Küchler, a native of Flanders, was employed by Boulton at the Soho Mint, Birmingham.
534. War with France: Defeat of French fleet off Port d'Orient by Admiral Hood, Lord Bridport, 1795. Obv. Bust of Hood r., in naval uniform. A. A. HOOD LORD BRIDPORT ADMIRAL OF THE WHITE, P. K; on arm, HANCOCK. Rev. Victory facing, holding naval crown and French flags, alighting on rock; in the distance, ships. Inscription giving number of ships engaged and captured; and in ex., 23 JUNE 1795. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.
On 23 June, 1795, a portion of the Channel fleet under Admiral Hood attacked a part of the Brest fleet under Vice-Admiral Villaret, off Port d'Orient. The enemy was obliged to seek shelter in their port, with the loss of three ships and 228 guns.
535. French Expedition to Bantry Bay, 1797. Obv. Within wreath, FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION. BANTRY GARRISON; in centre, crown. Rev. Ships in storm. AFFLAVIT DEUS ET DISSIPANTUR; in ex., JAN. MDCCXCVII. MOSSOP. Copper. Size 1·55. By W. Mossop.
After the successes of Bonaparte, the Directory determined to make a descent upon Ireland. The expedition, consisting of 17 sail of the line and 13 frigates and transports, conveying 20,000 men, set sail from Brest 19 Dec. 1796. The fleet was scattered by a severe storm, and only a few ships reached Bantry Bay 24 Dec., and these returned without making any attempt to land.
536. Engagement off Cape St. Vincent, 1797. Obv. Bust of Jervis l., in naval uniform, &c. JOHN JERVIS EARL OF S VINCENT ADMIRAL OF THE WHITE. BORN JANUARY 26 1735; on arm, HANCOCK. Rev. Spain seated r. on rock, weeping, leaning on shield; in the distance, naval battle. Inscription giving number of ships engaged and captured; and in ex., FEBRUARY 14. 1797. P. K. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.
An alliance having been entered into between France, Spain, and Holland, a joint invasion of England was projected, and fleets were equipped at Brest, Cadiz, and the Texel. The attempt was fruitless in each case: the French fleet was dispersed at Bantry Bay (see No. 535); the Spanish fleet was defeated by Admiral Jervis off Cape St. Vincent, 14 Feb. 1797; and that of the Dutch by Admiral Duncan off Camperdown, 11 Oct. 1797. (See No. 537.) For the victory off Cape St. Vincent, Jervis was created Earl St. Vincent, &c.
537. Engagement off Camperdown, 1797. Obv. Bust of Duncan r., in naval uniform, wearing medal, &c. ADAM LORD VISCOUNT DUNCAN ADMIRAL OF THE WHITE. BORN JULY 1, 1731; on arm, HANCOCK; below, P. K. Rev. Sailor nailing English flag to mast-head. Inscription with date of engagement, OCTOBER 11. 1797, and number of ships engaged; in ex., HEROIC COURAGE PROTECTS THE BRITISH FLAG. HANCOCK. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.
In this engagement with the Dutch fleet the English captured 12 ships of the line, three of which immediately sank. Admiral Duncan was created Viscount Duncan of Camperdown.
538. Another. Obv. Bust of Onslow, three-quarters l., in naval uniform and wearing medal. SIR RICHARD ONSLOW BART. ADMIRAL OF THE BLUE. BORN 23 JUNE 1741; on arm, HANCOCK. Rev. View of engagement, the fleets contending in line. SECOND IN COMMAND OCTO. 11. 1797; in ex., IN THE MONARCH OF 74 GUNS BROKE THE REAR OF THE DUTCH LINE & TOOK THE ADMIRALS SHIP. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.
Admiral Sir Richard Onslow was second in command at the battle off Camperdown.
539. Victory of the Nile, 1798. Obv. Medallion with portrait of Nelson, held by Britannia l., standing on rock near sea; in her r. hand, laurel-branch; at her side, anchor. REAR ADMIRAL LORD NELSON OF THE NILE. C. H. K. Rev. English and French fleets drawn up in semicircle in Aboukir Bay. ALMIGHTY GOD HAS BLESSED HIS MAJESTY'S ARMS; in ex., VICTORY OF THE NILE. AUGUST 1. 1798. M. B. SOHO. C. H. KÜCHLER FEC. Edge engraved, FROM ALEXṚ DAVISON ESQṚ SṬ JAMES'S SQUARE. A TRIBUTE OF REGARD. Gold. Size 1·95. By C. H. Küchler.
In the battle of the Nile, which was fought in Aboukir Bay, 1 Aug. 1798, the French fleet which had conveyed Napoleon and his troops to Egypt was, with the exception of four vessels, either taken or destroyed by Admiral Nelson, who for this victory was raised to the peerage. This medal was presented by Mr. Davison to every officer and seaman engaged in the battle: in gold, to the admirals, commanders, and captains: in silver, to lieutenants and warrant officers; in bronze-gilt, to petty officers; and in bronze, to seamen and marines.
540. Attempted Assassination of the King, 1800. Obv. Bust of King l., in armour and cloak. GEORGIUS III. D. G. MAGN. BRIT. FR. &c. C. H. KÜCHLER F. Rev. Lighted altar, inscribed D. O. M.; above, radiate Eye. REGE INCOLUMI POPULUS LAETUS; in ex., A SICARIO SERVATUS. MAI. XV. MDCCC. Silver. Size 1·9. By C. H. Küchler.
On 15 May, 1800, an unsuccessful attempt was made by a discharged soldier, James Hadfield, to shoot the King, as he was entering his box at Drury Lane Theatre.
541. Union with Ireland, 1801. Obv. Bust of King l., in armour and cloak. GEORGIUS III. D. G. BRITANNIARUM REX FIDEI DEF. &c. C. H. K. Rev. Britannia and Hibernia, with their shields, &c., grasping right hands. JUNGUNTUR OPES FIRMATUR IMPERIUM; in ex., I. JAN. MDCCCI. C. H. KÜCHLER FC. Silver. Size 1·9. By C. H. Küchler.
By the Act of Union, 1 Jan. 1801, the parliaments and churches of England and Ireland were united, and freedom of trade was established.
542. War with France: Battle of Alexandria, 1801. Obv. Bust of Abercrombie facing, head l., in uniform. SIR RALPH ABERCROMBIE K.B. LIEUTENANT GENERAL. Rev. Britannia reclining, weeping at base of monument inscribed, WOUNDED MAR. 21. DIED MAR. 28. 1801; in the distance, battle. FRENCH DEFEATED. MAR. 21. 1801. Copper. Size 1·55.
At the battle of Alexandria, 21 March, 1801, the French under Menon were defeated by the English, who were commanded by Sir Ralph Abercrombie. Abercrombie was wounded in the action and expired seven days afterwards.
543. Peace of Amiens, 1802. Obv. King r., holding trident and shield, crowned by Victory with palm. REGNO PACEM OBTULIT; in ex., SUPER PACE RATA DIE 27. MARTII. HANCOCK. Rev. View of St. Paul's. DEO GLORIAM REFERT; in ex., PAX CELEBRATA DIE I. JUNII. MDCCCII.: K. & K. H. Silver-gilt. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.
The Treaty of Amiens, concluded 27 Mar. 1802, between England, France, Spain, and Holland, restored peace to Europe. A public thanksgiving was held in England, 1st June following.
544. War with France and Spain: Victory of Trafalgar, 1805. Obv. Bust of Nelson l., in naval uniform. HORATIO VISCOUNT NELSON K.B. DUKE OF BRONTE &c.; on arm, C. H. K. Rev. Naval engagement. ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY; in ex., TRAFALGAR OCTṚ 21. 1805. Edge engraved, TO THE HEROES OF TRAFALGAR. FROM M. BOULTON. Silver-gilt. Size 1·85. By C. H. Küchler.
At the battle of Trafalgar the French and Spanish fleets under Villeneuve and Gravina were defeated by the English under Nelson, who was killed in the action. Twenty of the enemy's ships struck, and Villeneuve and the two Spanish admirals and 20,000 prisoners fell into the hands of the victors. This medal was presented by Mr. Boulton to every officer and seaman engaged in the battle. It was issued in silver, bronze-gilt, bronze, and white metal.
545. Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera, 1809. Obv. Bust of Wellington r., in military uniform. ARTHUR DUKE OF WELLINGTON. MILLS F. MUDIE. Rev. Victory facing, head l., giving wreath to lion, but withholding another from eagle. BATTLE OF TALAVERA. 1809. LA FITTE. MUDIE D. Copper. Size 1·6. By Mills and Lafitte.
The battle of Talavera, 27 July, 1809, was the first of the great victories of Wellington in the Peninsula. The French were commanded by Joseph Bonaparte, Victor and Sebastiani, and the Allies by Wellington and Cuesta. For this victory Wellington, then Sir Arthur Wellesley, was raised to the peerage. This is one of the series of National Medals issued under the direction of James Mudie in 1820, "to commemorate the succession of victories achieved by British arms over Napoleon." A number of English and foreign artists were employed in the accomplishment of this work.
546. Lines of Torres Vedras, 1810—1811. Obv. Wellington in military dress, seated l. within tent, and studying map. FABIUS CUNCTATOR. PETIT F. Rev. Tagus reclining l.; behind, orange-tree and tents. LINES OF TORRES VEDRAS—THE ENGLISH ARMY ON THE TAGUS. 1810—1811. MUDIE D. DUBOIS F. Copper. Size 1·6. By Petit and Dubois.
After the battle of Busaco, Wellington retired for winter-quarters into the Lines of Torres Vedras, which he entered 8 Oct. 1810; a position which Massena, who commanded the "army of Portugal," found impregnable. Wellington is naturally compared to Fabius Cunctator, whose delays baffled Hannibal.
547. Battle of Salamanca and Entry into Madrid, 1812. Obv. Soldiers advancing r., towards mountains, up which ascend horsemen and military train, against whom Victory l. hurls lightnings. JULY XXII. MDCCCXII. SALAMANCA. MUDIE D. Rev. Wellington on horseback l., receiving garland from Spaniards. THE BRITISH ARMY ENTERS MADRID. AVG. XII. MDCCCXII. BRENET F. Copper. Size 1·6. By Brenet.
After the battle of Salamanca, in which Marmont was defeated by Wellington, the latter, hearing that Joseph Bonaparte was threatening his rear, turned upon him and pursued him to Madrid, which he entered 12 Aug. 1812. The French garrison surrendered, and 180 guns with 20,000 stand of arms were captured.
548. Victories up to Salamanca and Entry into Madrid, 1812. Obv. Head of Wellington l., bare. LIEUT. GEN. MARQUIS WELLINGTON K.B. &c. &c. MDCCCXII. T. WYON F. Rev. Column inscribed with names of victories, and ornamented with shields of England, Portugal, and Spain; around base, French arms and standard. ENTER'D MADRID AUGUST XII. P. W. F. Copper. Size 1·75. By T. and P. Wyon.39
The victories in the Peninsula were Vimiera, 21 Aug. 1808; Talavera, 26—28 July, 1809; Busaco, 27 Sep. 1810; Ciudad Rodrigo captured 19 Jan. 1812; Badajoz captured 7 Apr. 1812; and Salamanca, 22 July, 1812.
549. War with America: Action between "Wasp" and "Frolic," 1812. Obv. Bust of Capt. James Jones r., in naval uniform. JACOBUS JONES VIRTUS IN ARDUA TENDIT. FURST F. Rev. Engagement between the "Wasp" and "Frolic." VICTORIAM HOSTI MAJORI CELERRIME RAPUIT; in ex., INTER WASP NAV. AMERI. ET FROLIC NAV. ANG. DIE XVIII. OCT. MDCCCXII. FURST F. Silver. Size 2·55. By—Furst.
On 18 Oct. 1812, after a short resistance the British ship "Frolic," commanded by Capt. Whingates, surrendered to the American ship "Wasp," under the command of Capt. James Jones, to whom this medal in gold was awarded. Silver medals were presented to the other commissioned officers.
550. George (IV.) Prince of Wales, Regent, 1814. Head of Prince r., laur. GEORGIVS PRINCEPS WALLIÆ PATRIAM PRO PATRE REGENS. MDCCCXIIII; on arm, I. BARBER F. &c. No reverse. Silver-gilt. Size 2·75. Plaque by J. Barber.
On account of the ill-health of George III., the Prince of Wales was appointed Regent by a Bill passed 5 Feb. 1811.
551. Peace of Paris, 1814. Obv. Head of Britannia l., wearing crested helmet ornamented with lion and olive-wreath. BRITANNIA. J. MUDIE DT. Rev. Hercules facing, wearing lion's skin, trampling on French standard and resting on club. THE REPOSE OF HERCULES. MDCCCXIIII. DROZ F. MUDIE D. Silver. Size 1·6. By J. P. Droz.
The defeat and abdication of Napoleon was followed by the Peace of Paris, signed 23 Apr. and confirmed 30 May, 1814, between Louis XVIII. and the Allies, Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia.
552. The Waterloo Medal designed by Pistrucci. Obv. Jugate busts l., laur., of the Prince Regent, Francis II., Emperor of Austria, Alexander I., Emperor of Russia, and Frederick William III., King of Prussia; on either side, Justice l., and Hercules r., seated; above, the Sun in quadriga l., preceded by Castor and Pollux, and followed by Iris and Zephyrus; beneath, Night in Biga r.; before her, the Furies; behind her, the Fates, PISTRUCCI. Rev. Wellington and Blucher on horseback l., guided by Victory between them; Wellington gallops in advance, and Blucher rushes to his aid; above, Jupiter in quadriga, facing, hurling thunderbolt at giants arranged in circle, PISTRUCCI. Copper. Size 5·3. By B. Pistrucci.40
This medal was executed in pursuance of an order given by the Prince Regent in 1819, who desired to commemorate the battle of Waterloo by the production of a medal of surpassing magnitude and beauty. It was intended for presentation to each of the allied sovereigns as well as to the two commanders, Wellington and Blucher; but this object failed, as Pistrucci, who was directed to execute the work, did not accomplish the task till 1st January, 1849, and Wellington then alone survived. This medal has not been issued, as the dies have never been hardened; but it has been reproduced by the electro process, of which the above is an example.
553. Duke of Wellington, 1810. Obv. Head r., bare. LIEUT. GEN. LORD VISCOUNT WELLINGTON K.B. MDCCCX. T. WYON JUR. F. Rev. Victory r., on mountain, holding wreath and palm; at her side, shield, arms of St. George and Portugal impaled; at her feet, broken French standard. T. WYON JUṚ FECIT. Copper. Size 1·95. By T. Wyon, jun.
Arthur, Duke of Wellington, general and statesman, b. 1769, raised to the peerage as Viscount 1809, created Marquis 1812, Duke 1814, d. 14 Sep. 1852. This medal was struck about the time of the battle of Busaco and of Wellington's famous defence in the lines of Torres Vedras, 1810—11.
554. Sir John Moore, 1809. Obv. Head l., bare. LIEUT. GENERAL SIR J. MOORE K.B. MILLS F. Rev. Soldiers defending wounded comrade against attack of eagle with thunderbolt; in background, prow of ship. DEATH OF SIR JOHN MOORE; in ex., CORUNNA. 16 JANUARY 1809. MUDIE D. COURIGUER SC. Copper. Size 1·6. By Mills and Couriguer.
Sir John Moore, general, b. 1761, served in the West Indies 1795, in Egypt at the battle of Alexandria 21 Mar. 1801, and afterwards in the Peninsular War 1808—9; killed at the battle of Corunna, 16 Jan. 1809.
555. Lord Hill, 1812. Obv. Head l., bare. LIEUT. GENERAL LORD HILL, MILLS F. H. Rev. The river Tagus, over which broken bridge; above, Victory flying r., conducting Britannia. ALMARAZ. MAY XIX. MDCCCXII. MUDIE D. GAYRARD F. Copper. Size 1·6. By Mills and Gayrard.
Rowland, Viscount Hill, general, b. 1772, served in the Egyptian Campaign 1801, in the Peninsular War 1809—1814, raised to the peerage 1814, commanded at Waterloo 1815, appointed Commander-in-chief 1828—42; d. 1842. This medal records the destruction by Hill, 19 May, 1812, of the French fortifications which covered the bridge of boats over the Tagus at Almaraz, the only means of communication between the armies of Soult and Marmont.
556. Sir Thomas Picton, 1812. Obv. Bust, three-quarters l., in uniform, wearing star of the Bath. LIEUT. GEN. SIR T. PICTON K.B. Webb. Rev. General Picton l., planting English flag on battlement. BADAJOZ. APRḶ VI. MDCCCXII. MUDIE D. MILLS F. Copper. Size 1·6. By Webb and Mills.
Sir Thomas Picton, general, b. 1758, commanded in the West Indies 1794—1797, where he was appointed Gov. of Trinidad; commanded in Holland 1809, and in the Peninsular War, being present at the battles of Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Vittoria, &c.; killed at Waterloo 1815. This medal commemorates the capture of Badajoz, Picton and his division leading the assault on the citadel.
557. Lord Lynedoch, 1813. Obv. Head r., bare. LIEUT. GENERAL LORD LYNEDOCH. MODELED BY P. ROUW. MUDIE DIR. WEBB F. Rev. Greek warrior facing, head r., standing on battlements, holding sword and crown; in background, city in flames; before which, ships. S. SEBASTIAN. AUG. XXXI. MDCCCXIII. MUDIE D. MILLS F. Copper. Size 1·6. By P. Rouw, Webb, and Mills.
Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch, general, b. 1750, served in the Peninsular War 1809—1814, raised to the peerage 1814, d. 1843. This medal refers to the capture of the town and citadel of St. Sebastian, 21 Aug. 1813.
558. Lord Thurlow, d. 1806. Bust l., in hat and official robes. Copper. Size 3·1. Cast and chased. A Plaque.
Edward, Lord Thurlow, b. 1732, appointed Solicitor-General 1770, Attorney-General 1771, Lord Chancellor 1778; d. 1806.
559. William Pitt. Obv. Head l. RT. HONBLE. WILLIAM PITT. 1814. T. WYON JUN. S. Rev. Inscription giving date of birth and death and recording public services. Copper. Size 2·1. By T. Wyon, jun.
William Pitt, statesman, b. 28 May, 1759, appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer 1782, Prime Minister 1784—1801, and again in 1804—1806; d. 23 Jan. 1806.
560. Charles James Fox, 1806. Obv. Bust l., draped. CHARLES JAṢ FOX. THIS ILLUSTRIOUS PATRIOT DEPARTED THIS LIFE SEPTEMBER 13. A.D. 1806. ÆTṬ 57. P. W. F. Rev. INTREPID CHAMPION OF FREEDOM, &c. Silver. Size 2·05. By P. Wyon.
Charles James Fox, statesman, b. 1748, appointed Secretary of State 1782, Foreign Secretary 1783, and again 1806; d. 13 Sep. 1806.
561. Henry Addington, Viscount Sidmouth, 1803. Obv. Bust r., in court dress. HENRY ADDINGTON. CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER & FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY. I. G. HANCOCK. Rev. Female figure holding scroll, inscribed, STATE OF THE NATION, and kneeling l. before pedestal, surmounted by figures of Britannia, Justice, and Time; in the distance, Westminster Abbey. WHO CAN WITHHOLD APPLAUSE; in ex., MDCCCIII. K. & K. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.
Henry Addington, Viscount Sidmouth, statesman, b. 1757, appointed Speaker of the House of Commons 1789, Prime Minister 1801—1804, President of the Council 1805, Home Secretary 1812—1822; d. 1844. This medal refers to the peaceable state of England as well as of Europe in 1803, brought about by the Peace of Amiens, 27 March, 1802.
562. Earl of Liverpool (Lord Hawkesbury), 1803. Obv. Bust l. ROBERT BANKS LORD HAWKESBURY. SECRETARY OF STATE. HANCOCK. Rev. Female figure seated l., despatching Mercury, who holds scroll; at her side, shield; sea and ship in the distance. INTEGRITY AIDS DISPATCH; in ex., MDCCCIII. K. & K. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.
Robert Banks Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool, b. 1770, became Lord Hawkesbury 1796, appointed Foreign Secretary in the Addington Ministry 1801, Home Secretary 1804 and again in 1807, Earl of Liverpool 1808, Prime Minister 1812—1827; d. 1828. Like the previous medal, this one refers to the Addington administration.
563. William Wilberforce, 1807. Obv. Head r. WILLIAM WILBERFORCE M.P. THE FRIEND OF AFRICA. Webb. Rev. Britannia seated l., accompanied by Minerva and Justice, delivering message to Peace; above, angel in clouds with cross and wreath. I HAVE HEARD THEIR CRY; in ex., SLAVE TRADE ABOLISHED. MDCCCVII. Silver. Size 2·1. By Webb.
William Wilberforce, philanthropist, b. 1759, M.P. for Hull 1780 and York county 1783, procured a bill for the abolition of the trade in slaves by British subjects 25 March, 1807, and survived the second reading of the Emancipation Act 1833; d. same year. This medal commemorates the Act of 1807.
564. Lord Brougham and Vaux, 1812. Obv. Head r. HENRY BROUGHAM ESQRE, M.P. MDCCCXII. HALLIDAY F. Rev. Panegyrical inscription. Copper. Size 1·9. By Halliday.
Henry Lord Brougham and Vaux, statesman and orator, b. 1779; M.P. for Camelford 1810, for Winchelsea 1816; appointed Attorney-General to Queen Caroline, 1820; M.P. for York county, 1830; Lord Chancellor, 1830—1834; d. 1868.
565. Adam Smith, 1787. Obv. Head r. ADAM SMITH. 1787. Rev. Minerva l., holding cornucopiae and spear. Silver. Size 1·6. Cast and chased.
Adam Smith, political economist, b. 1723, d. 1787, author of "Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," "Theory of Moral Sentiments," &c.
566. George Washington, First President of the United States, 1805. Obv. Bust r., in armour and ermine cloak. GENERAL WASHINGTON. INSCRIBED TO HIS MEMORY BY D. ECCLESTON. LANCASTER. MDCCCV; on arm, WEBB. Rev. American Indian l., with bow and spear. THE LAND WAS OURS; around, panegyrical inscription in three circles. Copper. Size 3. By Webb.
George Washington, Founder and First President of the United States, b. 1732, Commander-in-chief of the Continental army 1775, President 1789, re-elected 1793, d. 1799.
567. Benjamin Franklin, 1786. Obv. Bust l. BENJ. FRANKLIN NATUS BOSTON XVII. JAN. MDCCVI: on arm, DUPRÉ F. Rev. Within oak-wreath, ERIPUIT CŒLO FULMEN SCEPTRUM QUE TYRANNIS. SCULPSIT ET DICAVIT AUG. DUPRE ANNO MDCCLXXXVI. Copper. Size 1·8. By A. Dupré.
Benjamin Franklin, American statesman, philosopher, &c., b. 1706, was at first a compositor and printer, appointed postmaster of Philadelphia 1737, agent for England 1757 and again in 1764, signed at Paris the treaty between England and America 1783, President of the Supreme Council 1785, d. 1790.