APPENDIX I DANGEROUS AND UNHEALTHY INDUSTRIES

Regulations made by the Secretary of State for Processes Certified as Dangerous under Section 79, Factory and Workshop Act, 1901.

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1. Date of 2. Class of Manufacture, Machinery, Plant, Process or Description of Manual Labour. 3. Kind of Risks. 4. Nature of Injuries to be Prevented. 5. Chief Preventive Measures Imposed by the Regulations. 6. Remarks.

Certificate. Regulations.

1. Feb. 24, 1921. Dec. 19, 1921. 1. Aerated Water.—Manufacture of, and processes incidental thereto. Accidents from bursting bottles. Exposure to wet. Injury to life and limb from fragments of bursting bottles. Injury to health from wet. (a) Machines to be so constructed, placed, and fenced as to prevent accident from bursting bottles. (b) Face and eye guards, hand and arm guards, to be supplied to the workers and worn by them. (c) Waterproof aprons, boots, and clogs to be supplied. First certified Sept., 1896. Special rules dated Aug., 1897, were superseded by these Regulations, 1921.

2. May 9, 1892. 2. Arsenic.—Extraction and use of. Poisonous dust. Eczematous eruptions. Gastro-intestinal symptoms. Note.—There are no regulations at present, but under Factory and Workshop Act, 1901, Sects. 74 and 75, mechanical ventilation must be provided to prevent inhalation of injurious dust, vapour, etc., and washing conveniences must be provided; and persons are excluded from workroom where arsenic gives rise to dust, and provision for meals must be made elsewhere. Formerly included in Special Rules for Paints and Colours, which were revised in 1907 for Lead risks only. (See No. 30.)

3. Aug. 26, 1907. Dec. 30, 1908. ^[255]3. Benzine.—Manufacture of nitro and amido derivatives of and of explosives with dinitrobenzol or dinitrotoluol. Poisonous fumes and dust. Profound changes in the condition of the blood. Muscular and nerve affections; eye affections. (a) Removal or prevention of fumes or dust. (b) Effective ventilation. (c) Overalls, gloves, clogs, supplied to workers. (d) Lavatories, baths, and prohibition of meals in workrooms. (e) Medical examination and power of suspension. Special Rules, 1908, rendered obsolete by Chemicals, No. 9.

4. June 6, 1907. June 26, 1908. 4. Brass.—Casting of, or any alloy of, copper with zinc. Injurious fumes. Brass casters’ ague or fever. (a) Exclusion of female workers from casting shop. (b) Exhaust ventilation for removal of fumes at points of origin. (c) Washing accommodation. First certified July 10, 1896. Special Rules, dated 1896, were rendered obsolete by these Regulations, 1908.

5. Oct. 29, 1910. 5. Briquettes.—Manufacture of patent fuel with addition of pitch. Injurious dust. Ulceration of skin. Epitheliomatous cancer. Eye troubles. Note.—Precautions voluntarily adopted by employers, i.e.— (a) Prevention of escape of dust by boxing-in elevators. (b) Exhaust ventilation for removal of dust. (c) Protective clothing; goggles. (d) Cloakroom. Draft Regulations withdrawn, 1913, after Public Enquiry and on the voluntary adoption by occupiers of precautions in Column 5.

6. March 7, 1911. April 16, 1912. 6. Bronzing with dry metallic powders in letterpress printing, lithographic printing, and coating metal sheets. Injurious dust. Respiratory irritation. Gastric disturbance. (a) Exhaust ventilation and appliances to prevent escape of dust into the air of the room. (b) Protective clothing supplied to workers. (c) Washing accommodation and place for outdoor clothing.

2907. Oct. 6, 1921. 7. Buildings in course of construction, alteration, repair, or demolition. Accidents from falls or falling bodies or from machinery. Plumbism (painters and plumbers). Injury to life or limb. Plumbism. (a) Provision and maintenance of suitable scaffolding of sound material. (b) Efficient lighting of working places and approaches. (c) Special safeguards for working on roofs. (d) Safeguards for use of hoisting appliances, cranes, etc. (e) Fencing of machinery and safety provisions for boilers. (f) Provision for painters and plumbers of washing facilities; prohibition of taking meals and of depositing clothing in workshop; moist method to be adopted for rubbing down or scraping painted surfaces containing lead. In draft June, 1922.

8. April 24, 1914. Nov. 28, 1921. 8. Celluloid.—Manufacture, manipulation, and storage of. Fire (highly inflammable material). Injury to life or health from fire. (a) Limitation of the amount of material or of finished articles allowed in workrooms or on the premises. (b) Method of storage prescribed. (c) Precautions respecting lights, stoves, smoking, use of sealing wax. (d) Means of escape and of extinguishing fire. (e) Competent person to supervise and enforce the regulations.

9. Dec. 14, 1920. ^[256]9. Chemicals.—Manufacture and processes incidental thereto carried on in “Chemical Works” (as defined in the Schedule). Caustic liquids in vats, etc. Poisonous gases. Injurious dust. Explosions and fire. Burns, etc., by falling into vats, etc., of acid. “Gassing.” Respiratory affections from irritant dust. Inflammation of eyes and other eye injuries. Injuries due to explosions. (a) Fencing of vats and gangways, etc. (b) Adequate lighting. (c) Breathing apparatus, oxygen, etc., for rescue in case of “gassing.” (d) Protective clothing supplied to workers. (e) Exhaust ventilation and prevention of escape of dust from certain machines. In draft June, 1922. First certified April 24, 1892. Special Rules to be superseded by these Regulations.

10. June 27, 1913. Aug. 15, 1913. ^[256]10. Chromate and Bichromate of Potassium, Sodium, manufacture of. Injurious dust and fumes. Peculiar lesions, erosion of septum of the nose, and chronic ulceration of the skin. (a) Exclusion of persons under 18. (b) Removal or prevention of steam and dust. (c) Lighting and fencing of vats, etc. (d) Protective clothing and respirators supplied. (e) Cloakroom, lavatory, baths, provided. (f) Medical examination and power of suspension. (g) First-aid for treatment of small ulcers. (h) Daily cleaning floors, stairs, etc. Special Rules, 1900, were superseded by these Regulations, 1913, and these to be revoked by Chemical Regulations. (See No. 9.)

11. Dec. 21, 1911. 11. Cotton Cloth Weaving. Humidity. High temperatures. Ill health and discomfort. (a) Hygrometrical control. (b) Humidity tables and temperature limit. (c) Chemical and volume standard of ventilation. (d) Purification of water for steam. These Regulations were made under the Cotton Cloth Factories Act, 1911.

29212. Sept. 30, 1902. Oct. 28, 1904. 12. Docks, Wharves, and Quays, loading and unloading at, and loading, unloading or coaling any ships in any dock, harbour, or canal. Risks to life and limb from dangerous machinery and appliances, and ladders and corners, and lack of fencing for dangerous hatchways, etc. Injury to life and limb by accident from machinery, etc. Drowning, falls, etc. (a) Exclusion of boys under 16 under certain conditions. (b) Fencing of dangerous parts, of footways, gearing, motors, etc., and prohibition of interferences by unauthorised persons. (c) Lighting of dangerous places at night. (d) Provision of gangways; slippery stages to be sanded. (e) Testing of chains, gear, etc. (f) Provision for rescue from drowning.

13. 13. Earthenware and China. (See under Potteries, No. 32.)

14. Aug. 3, 1903. Nov. 24, 1903. 14. Electric Accumulators, manufacture of. Poisonous dust and fumes (lead). Plumbism. (a) Exclusion of young persons under 18 and women from manipulation of dry compounds of lead and from pasting. (b) Medical examination and suspension. (c) Prevention, or removal by exhaust ventilation, of dust and fumes. (d) General ventilation and ample cubic space. (e) Protective clothing and cloakroom. (f) Washing facilities.

15. Aug. 9, 1907. Jan. 1, 1909. 15. Electricity.—Generation, transformation, distribution, and use of. Danger to health or to life and limb from shock, or burns, or fire. Deep and inflamed burns and destruction of tissue from continuous currents. Sudden arrests of heart’s action or of respiration, violent muscular contraction chiefly from alternating currents. (a) Highly technical safeguards for construction, installation, protection and working of apparatus, conductors, motors, switches, etc. (b) Provision for earthing, insulating stands, adequate space. (c) Technical qualifications for operators, avoidance of solitary working. (d) Instructions for treatment of the injured to be affixed.

16. Sept. 21, 1908. Dec. 22, 1908. 16. Enamelling, vitreous, of metals or glass. Poisonous dust. Plumbism. (a) Exclusion of young persons under 16 years of age. (b) Periodic medical examination with power of suspension. (c) Ample cubic space. (d) Efficient lighting. (e) Good condition of floors and cleaning of same. (f) Prevention of or removal by exhaust ventilation of dust, spray, or fumes. (g) Washing facilities.

29417. June 6, 1902. Aug. 19, 1902. 17. Felt Hats, manufacture of, where inflammable solvent is used. Fire and explosions. Burns and shock. (a) Ventilation of proofing, and stove and drying rooms. (b) Restriction on the number of wet spirit-proofed hats per cubic feet of air space in workroom. (c) Spirit-proofed hats to be opened out singly and exposed before placing in stoves.

18. Sept. 22, 1902. June 23, 1903. 18. File Cutting by hand. Metallic lead dust. Plumbism. (a) Cubic space and floor space prescribed per “stock.” (b) Flooring to be substantial, washable, and in good repair. (c) Good general ventilation. (d) Washing facilities. (e) Protective clothing to be worn.

19. May 11, 1905. Feb. 26, 1906. 19. Flax and Tow, spinning and weaving of. Irritant dust, artificial humidification and high temperatures. Phthisis with dyspnœa and other respiratory trouble. Circulatory and cardiac oppression from moist heat. Skin troubles, eczema, and folliculitis. (a) Maintenance of prescribed standard of purity of the air. (b) Exhaust ventilation for removal of dust. (c) Hygrometrical control of humidity and temperature. (d) Purity of water for humidifying. (e) Efficient splash-boards in wet spinning. (f) Protective clothing and respirators to be provided. (g) Sound condition of floors and drainage. (h) Cloakroom accommodation. First certified Jan. 3, 1894. A Departmental Committee which was appointed, 1911, to consider the amendment to these Regulations reported 1914, and their recommendations were issued as an informal draft of amended Regulation. Further steps have not yet been taken.

20. Oct. 14, 1908. Oct. 15, 1909. 20. Grinding of Metals and Racing of Grindstones. Irritant dust (silica and gritty particles, also steel and iron powder). Accidents. Moisture. Fibroid phthisis, asthma, and other respiratory troubles (excessive mortality among grinders). Later stages, frequently tubercular. Eye injuries from flying motes and sometimes further accidents from dimmed vision. (a) Removal of dust by exhaust ventilation, etc. (b) Separation of “racing” from other processes. (c) Respirators to be worn while “racing.” (d) Special cleansing of floors, belt races, and walls, ceilings, and windows.

29621. Jan. 29, 1907. Aug. 28, 1907. 21. Hemp and Jute spinning and weaving. Vegetable dust. Liability to tetanus in case of lesions of the skin. High temperature in spinning and humidity. Cold and draughts in preparatory process. Respiratory troubles. Tetanus likely to follow. Accidents from machinery. Rheumatism common. (a) Maintenance of prescribed standard of purity of the air. (b) Exhaust ventilation for removal of dust. (c) Minimum temperature in certain rooms. (d) Hygrometrical control of humidity and high temperature in other rooms. (e) Respirators to be provided in certain processes.

22. Oct. 15, 1920. Dec 29, 1921. 22. Hides and Skins.^[257]—Dry or dry-salted, imported from Africa (including or Asia (including Japan and Malay Archipelago), handling of. Anthrax spores in the material. Anthrax infection through abrasion of the skin or by inhalation of infected dust. (a) First-aid equipment. (b) Cautionary notice respecting anthrax to be affixed. (c) Washing facilities. (d) Cloakroom and messroom accommodation. (e) Provision for disinfection or destruction of wrappers in which hides and skins have been packed (in tanneries only). Note.—The Regulations (a) and (e) above apply to docks, warehouses, and quays, as well as factories. First certified June, 1903. The Special Rules, 1902, were converted into Regulations, 1921.

23. May 23, 1907. Dec. 20, 1907. 23. Horsehair from China, Siberia, and Russia, use of. Anthrax spores in the material. Anthrax. (a) Exclusion of persons under 18 from employment on material not disinfected. (b) Register of prescribed particulars of disinfection. (c) Material not disinfected to be stored separately, and opened and sorted separately, and in connection with exhaust ventilation. (d) All manipulation subsequent to opening and sorting prohibited until material has been disinfected. (e) Willowing and dust-extracting machines to be provided with exhaust ventilation. (f) All dust to be intercepted and burnt. (g) Protective clothing to be provided and respirators. (h) Cloakroom, meal rooms, and washing facilities. (i) First-aid requisites. (j) Prohibition of work on material not disinfected if having open cut or sore. (k) Cautionary notice respecting anthrax to be affixed.

29824. Dec. 21, 1920. Mar. 31, 1922. 24. India-rubber.—Certain processes incidental to the manufacture of, and of articles and goods made wholly or partially of india-rubber. Poisonous dust (lead). Injury to health from volatile vapour. Accident from inflammable vapour. Plumbism. Peripheral neuritis or inflammatory condition of nerves due to effects of bisulphide of carbon. (a) Exclusion of all young persons under 18 and girls under 18 from any lead process, and of all young persons and women from mixing or incorporating dry compound of lead with rubber. (b) Exclusion of young persons under 18 from fume process, and those under 16 from a room where such process is carried on. (c) Limitation of employment in fume process of any person for more than 5 hours a day and more than 2½ hours at a time without at least 1 hour’s interval. (d) Removal of dust and fumes by exhaust ventilation, and prevention of escape of fumes from vulcanising machines and troughs. (e) Protective clothing to be provided and worn. (f) Cloakroom and messroom accommodation. (g) Washing facilities. (h) Periodic medical examination and power of suspension. First certified Dec., 1896. Special rules for vulcanising india-rubber by means of bisulphide of carbon, 1897, converted into these Regulations for India-rubber, 1922.

25. Sept. 3, 1920. Aug. 23, 1921. 25. Lead,^[258] compounds of, including carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and acetate of lead, manufacture of. Poisonous dust and fumes (lead compounds). Plumbism. (a) Methods of controlling lead dust prescribed by damping, by ventilation, by careful handling of the materials. (b) Exhaust ventilation for removing fumes or means of preventing their escape into workroom. (c) Periodic medical examination and power of suspension. (d) Protective clothing provided and arrangements for washing same. (e) Respirators to be supplied. (f) Cloakroom, messroom, washing facilities. First certified as dangerous, May 9, 1892. These Regulations supersede the Special Rules for White Lead dated June, 1899.

26. Dec. 13, 1910. Aug. 12, 1911. 26. Lead.^[258]—Smelting of materials containing manufacture of red or orange lead and of flaked litharge. Poisonous dust and fumes lead compounds). Plumbism. (a) Exclusion of young persons under 16 and women from any lead process. (b) Suppression or removal of dust or fumes by exhaust ventilation, damping, etc. (c) Provision of protective clothing and respirators in certain processes. (d) Periodic medical examination with power of suspension. (e) Exclusion of persons from furnaces until ventilated. (f) Restriction of duration of work to 3 hours in dry flues or condensing chambers. (g) Provision of mealroom, clothing, and overall accommodation, washing facilities, and baths.

30027. Aug. 24, 1906. May 2, 1905. 27. Locomotives and Waggons, use of, on lines and sidings in or used in connection with premises under the Factory Acts. Accidents from locomotives, etc., in motion by mechanical power. Injuries to life and limb. (a) Technical provisions as to position, and use of point rods, signal wires, condition and use of rails, supply of coupling poles, etc. (b) Provisions respecting movements of persons and of locomotives and waggons. (c) Efficient lighting after dark. (d) Exclusion of young persons under 18 from employment on certain capstans and as locomotive drivers, or as a shunter. (e) Protection of water gauges on boilers whether on locomotives or stationary.

28. June 2, 1892. 28. Lucifer Matches, manufacture of. Phosphorus necrosis. Note.—The White Phosphorus Prohibition Act, 1908, forbids the use of white phosphorus in the manufacture of matches and also the sale of matches made with the same. Special Rules, March 31, 1900, now obsolete, as white phosphorus is no longer allowed in the manufacture.

29. Oct. 17, 1905. Nov. 7, 1904. 29. Mules, Self-Acting, spinning by means of. Accidents. Injuries to life and limb from machines in motion. (a) Special fencing of machines and accessory gearing. (b) Duty laid on “minder” to ensure that no child cleans any part of the mule in motion; that no woman, young person, or child works between the fixed and traversing parts of the mule; and that no person is between those parts unless the moving part is stopped on the outward run. (c) “Minder” responsible for the starting of the mule.

30. Dec. 1, 1906. Jan. 25, 1907. 30. Paints and Colours, manufacture of. Poisonous dust (lead). Plumbism. (a) Exclusion of young persons and women. (b) Periodic medical examination, with power of suspension. (c) Exhaust ventilation to remove dust. (d) Protective clothing supplied. (e) Cloakroom, messroom, washing facilities. First certified 1892. Special Rules, 1894, superseded by these Regulations.

31. Oct. 29, 1910. 31. Patent Fuel, manufacture of. (See under Briquettes, No. 5.)

32. Aug. 25, 1911. Jan. 2, 1913. 32. Pottery.—Manufacture or decoration of, or any process incidental thereto, and the making of lithographic transfers, frits, or glazes for use in such manufacture or decorations or processes. Poisonous dust (lead). Silica and other dust, heat, and humidity. Heavy weights. Plumbism. Phthisis or other respiratory disease or injury to health from inhalation of silica or other dust. Injury to health from excessive heat or humidity. Strain from lifting and carrying weights. (a) Exclusion of women, young persons, and children from certain processes in the preparation of lead glaze, etc., and from cleaning in dipping house, and as regards a young person and child from employment as a dipper. (b) Exclusion of women, young persons and children from certain heavy work and work involving strain without a certificate of “permission to work”; and total exclusion of young persons and children from employment in wedging of clay, and of females from carrying saggars full of ware. (c) Periodic medical examination with power of suspension. (d) Protective clothing to be supplied, washed, repaired, and kept in proper custody. Respirators to be supplied in certain processes. (e) Washing facilities, cloakroom, and mealroom to be provided. (f) Milk or cocoa to be provided for all women and young persons if working before 9 a.m. in certain processes. (g) Exhaust ventilation for all processes giving rise to dust (lead or flint, etc.), and ventilation of all rooms and of drying stoves. (h) Means for preventing excessive heat and humidity in workrooms and in ovens. (i) Special means for cleaning floors, benches, boards, etc., where lead glaze is used. (j) Special precautions as regards lead dust and splashing of lead glaze in majolica painting, aerographing, and lithographic transfers. (k) Limitation of hours of men as well as women in dipping and some other lead processes to 48 hours per week. Intervals prescribed in certain lead processes of ½ hour every 4 hours or 4¾ hours for every person. (l) Power given to inspector to take samples of any material for analysis. (m) Works Inspector to supervise observance of regulations. Earthenware and china manufacturing. First certified Dec. 24, 1892. Special Rules were established, 1894, amended in 1898, and again in 1903; after arbitration these Rules were in turn superseded by the present Regulations, 1913.

30233. Mar. 22, 1918. April 26, 1919. 33. Refractory Materials.—Crushing, grinding, sieving, and other processes involving the manipulation of such materials. Silica dust. Injury to lungs from the inhalation of silica dust. Tuberculosis. Silicosis. (a) Prescribed methods of controlling and removing dust by exhaust ventilation, damping, etc., and by prohibition of certain methods of work. (b) Provision of respirators.

34. Aug. 5, 1913. April 4, 1914. 34. Ships, Construction and Repair of, in shipbuilding yards. Accidents. Injury to life and limb from falls and falling bodies. (a) Sufficient supply of good materials for stages. (b) Construction of stages to be of sound material, secure, and erected by competent persons. (c) Gangways to be fenced, also openings in decks to be provided with covers. (d) Adequate lighting while work is in progress. (e) Ambulance and first-aid provision. (f) Competent person to supervise and enforce observance of regulations.

30435. Sept. 25, 1908. June 30, 1909. 35. Tinning of Metal Hollow-ware, Iron Drums, and harness furniture. (Coating of metal articles with a mixture of lead and tin and lead alone.) Poisonous fumes (lead). Plumbism. (a) Exclusion of persons under 16 from tinning. (b) Exhaust ventilation for removal of dust and fumes over dipping and wiping, and over skimmings until their removal in a covered receptacle. (c) Removal of dust and refuse from workrooms. (d) Protective clothing and cloakroom for women. (e) Meal-room and washing accommodation. (f) Periodic medical examination with power of suspension. First certified Jan. 1894. Special Rules superseded by these Regulations, 1909.

36. 36. White Lead. (See under Lead Compounds, No. 25.)

37. June 17, 1905. Dec. 18, 1908. 37. Wool, East Indian, use of.^[259] Anthrax spores in the material. Anthrax. (a) Dust-extracting machines to be covered over and cover connected with exhaust fan so as to discharge dust into a furnace or intercepting chamber. (b) Protective clothing and respirators to be supplied for persons who collect and remove the dust.

38. June 17, 1905. Dec. 12, 1905. 38. Wool-Sorting, willeying, washing, combing, and carding, and of goat hair, camel hair, and processes incidental thereto.^[259] Anthrax spores in the material. Anthrax. (a) Scheduled wool or hair to be opened by skilled men only, and to be steeped in water or alternatively opened over a screen with an exhaust according to the Schedule. (b) Sorting boards must be as prescribed and also willowing machines. (c) Storage of wool or hair prohibited in sorting and willeying room. (d) Provision for collection and removal of dust and refuse. (e) Floors to be sprinkled and swept daily. (f) Protective clothing supplied and not removed unless disinfected or boiled. (g) Washing and mealroom accommodation. (h) First-aid requisites duty laid on workers to report any open sore or cut. (i) Power of inspectors to take samples of material.

39. Aug. 10, 1920. 39. Woodworking Machinery, use of. Accidents from dangerous machinery. Injurious dust. Injury to life and limb. Injury to health—respiratory troubles. (a) Provision of efficient stopping and starting gear on every woodworking machine. (b) Special fencing of machinery, particularly circular saws and planing machines. (c) Spacing of machines, and maintenance of surrounding floors in good condition and free from obstruction. (d) Adequate lighting, both daylight and artificial light. (e) Artificial warming of workrooms in cold weather. In draft June, 1922.

40. June 1, 1907. Aug. 6, 1907. 40. Yarn, heading of dyed, by means of a lead compound. Poisonous dust (lead). Plumbism. (a) Exclusion of young persons under 16. (b) Exhaust ventilation for removal of dust draught to be tested and recorded quarterly. (c) Periodic medical examination with power of suspension. (d) Protective clothing supplied. (e) Cloakroom and mealroom, if required in writing by chief inspector. (f) Washing accommodation.

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