APPENDICES.
Reading edition
424
APPENDIX A.
Historical Memoranda for Reference to Article II., on Education in the Eastern States.
CO-EDUCATIONAL COLLEGES.
State. Name. Locality. Denomination. Admitted Women. No. of Students, Regular Collegiate. No. of Students, Total.
Maine Bates College Lewiston Baptist (When opened), 1863 33 33
Colby University Waterville Baptist 1871 18 18
Vermont University of Vermont Burlington Non-sectarian 1871 20 20
Middlebury College Middlebury Non-sectarian 8 8
Massachusetts Boston University Boston Methodist (When opened), 1869 163 207
Mass. Inst. Technology Boston Non-sectarian 1883 33 33
Connecticut Wesleyan College Middletown Meth. Epis. 1872 15 16
New York Cornell University Ithaca Non-sectarian (When opened), 1862 109 139
Syracuse University Syracuse Meth. Epis. (When opened), 1870 63 244
Pennsylvania Swarthmore Swarthmore Society Friends (When opened), 1869 55 79
COLLEGES FOR WOMEN.
Massachusetts Mount Holyoke So. Hadley Non-sectarian Founded 1836 85 188
Smith College Northampt’n Non-sectarian Founded 1871 448 551
Wellesley Wellesley Non-sectarian Founded 1875 595 694
New York Vassar College Po’keepsie Baptist Founded 1865 227 326
Pennsylvania Bryn Mawr Bryn Mawr Society Friends Founded 1880 124 4
AFFILIATED COLLEGES.
Massachusetts Harvard Annex Cambridge Non-sectarian Founded 1879 71 168
New Jersey Evelyn College Princeton Presbyterian Founded 1888 7 25
New York Barnard College New York Non-sectarian Founded 1889 24 45
425
APPENDIX B.—Table I.
Historical Memoranda for Reference to Article III., on Education in West.
Ohio.—Incorporated in the Northwest Territory in 1787. Admitted as the State of Ohio in 1802.
Indiana.—Incorporated in the Northwest Territory in 1787. Territory of Indiana in 1800. State of Indiana in 1816.
Illinois.—Incorporated in Northwest Territory in 1787. Territory of Indiana in 1800. Territory of Illinois in 1809. State of Illinois in 1818.
Missouri.—Territory of Missouri 1812. Admitted as a State in 1821. (French Cession.)
Michigan.—Incorporated in Northwest Territory in 1787. Territory of Indiana in 1800. Territory of Michigan in 1805. State of Michigan 1837.
Iowa.—Territory of Michigan 1834. Territory of Wisconsin 1836. Territory of Iowa 1838. State of Iowa 1846. (French Cession.)
Wisconsin.—Incorporated in the Northwest Territory 1787. Territory of Indiana 1800. Territory of Illinois 1809. Territory of Michigan 1818. Territory of Wisconsin 1836. State of Wisconsin 1848.
California.—Ceded by Mexico 1848. Admitted as State 1850.
Minnesota.—Territory of Michigan 1834. Territory of Wisconsin 1836. Territory of Iowa 1838. Territory of Minnesota 1849. State of Minnesota 1858. (French Cession.)
Oregon.—Territory of Oregon 1848. State of Oregon 1859.
Kansas.—Territory of Kansas 1854. State of Kansas 1861. (French Cession.)
Nevada.—Ceded by Mexico 1848. Territory of Utah 1850. Territory of Nevada 1861. State of Nevada 1864.
Nebraska.—Territory of Nebraska 1854. State Of Nebraska 1867. (French Cession.)
Colorado.—Territory of Colorado 1861. State of Colorado 1876. (French and Mexican Cessions.)
North Dakota.—Territory of Michigan 1834. Territory of Wisconsin 1836. Territory of Iowa 1838. Territory of Minnesota 1849. Territory of Dakota 1861. State of North Dakota 1889. (French Cession.)
South Dakota.—Same as North Dakota.
Montana.—Territory of Nebraska 1854. Territory of Dakota 1861. Territory of Idaho 1863. Territory of Montana 1864. State of Montana 1889. (French Cession.)
Washington.—Territory of Oregon 1848. Territory of Washington 1853. State of Washington 1889.
Idaho.—Territory of Oregon 1848. Territory of Washington 1853. Territory of Idaho 1863. State of Idaho 1890.
Wyoming.—After several transfers Territory of Wyoming 1868. State of Wyoming 1890. (French Cession mainly.)
Utah.—Ceded by Mexico 1848. Territory of Utah 1850.
426
APPENDIX B.—Table II.
Location. Name. Denomination. Number of Female Students. Opened. Opened to Women.
Collegiate. Total.
Ohio—
Akron Buchtel College Universalist 44 112 1872
Alliance Mount Union College M. E. 21 205 1858 1858
Ashland Ashland College[220] Brethren 13 1879
Athens Ohio University Non-sectarian 20 50 1809 1871
Berea Baldwin University[220] M. E. 8 73 1846 1846
Berea German Wallace College M. E. 2 16 1864 1864
Cincinnati University of Cincinnati Non-sectarian 35 36 1874 1874
Cleveland Adelbert College of Western
Reserve University Non-sectarian 6 59 1888 1888
Cleveland Calvin College Reformed 8 37 1883 1883
College Hill Belmont College[220] Non-sectarian 6 41 1846
Columbus Ohio State University Non-sectarian 29 47 1873 1873
Delaware Ohio Wesleyan University M. E. 176 372 1844 1876
Findlay Findlay College Church of God 8 159 1886
Germantown Twin Valley College Non-sectarian 18 1886 1886
Granville Denison University Baptist 44 1831
Hiram Hiram College Christian 15 97 1850 1850
New Athens Franklin College Non-sectarian 40 1825 1856
New Concord Muskingum College Un. Presb. 12 29 1837 1854
Oberlin Oberlin College Non-sectarian 353 821 1833 1833
Oxford Miami University Non-sectarian 2 2 1816
Richmond Richmond College Non-sectarian 1 42 1843 1843
427Rio Grande Rio Grande College Baptist 5 38 1876 1876
Scio Scio College M. E. 108 144 1866 1866
Springfield Wittenberg College Lutheran 1845
Tiffin Heidelberg College[220] Reformed 19 96 1850 1850
Urbana Urbana University New Church 1 15 1851 1851
Westerville Otterbein University U. B. 16 122 1847 1847
Wilberforce Wilberforce University 1856 1856
Wilmington Wilmington College[220] Friends 15 15 1871 1871
Wooster University of Wooster Presbyterian 42 201 1870 1870
Yellow Springs Antioch College Non-sectarian 15 106 1852 1852
Indiana—
Bloomington Indiana University Non-sectarian 82 131 1824 1867
Franklin Franklin College Baptist 40 113 1837 1866
Greencastle De Pauw University M. E. 1837 1867
Hanover Hanover College Presbyterian 25 39 1828 1880
Hartsville Hartsville College U. B. 12 34 1849 1849
Irvington Butler University Christian 20 49 1855 1855
Merom Union Christian College[220] Christian 46 1859 1859
La Fayette Purdue University Non-sectarian 58 114 1874 1874
Moore’s Hill Moore’s Hill College M. E. 12 55 1854 1854
Richmond Earlham College Friends 66 114 1859 1859
Ridgeville Ridgeville College Baptist 1 39 1867 1867
Illinois—
Abingdon Hedding College M. E. 10 50 1855 1855
Bloomington Illinois Wesleyan University M. E. 37 225 1853 1870
Carlinville Blackburn University
Carthage Carthage College Lutheran 10 39 1869
Champaign University of Illinois Non-sectarian 57 72 1868 1871
Eureka Eureka College Christian 25 86 1849 1849
428Evanston North-Western University M. E. 119 340 1855 1869
Ewing Ewing College Baptist 11 34 1867 1867
Galena German-English College M. E. 7 30 1868 1868
Galesburgh Knox College[221] Non-sectarian 55 123 1841 1872
Galesburgh Lombard University Universalist 24 55 1852
Lake Forest Lake Forest University Presbyterian 90 1876 1876
Lebanon McKendree College M. E. 9 31 1828 1869
Lincoln Lincoln University Cumb. Presb. 15 74 1866 1866
Monmouth Monmouth College Un. Presb. 61 187 1856 1856
Naperville North-Western College Ev. Association 19 62 1861 1861
Quincy Chaddock College M. E. 10 74 1876 1876
Rock Island Augustana College Lutheran 1 32 1860 1883
Upper Alton Shurtleff College Baptist 15 72 1827 1867
Westfield Westfield College U. B. 21 76 1865
Wheaton Wheaton College Congregational 1860 1860
Michigan—
Adrian Adrian College Meth. Prot. 11 77 1859 1859
Albion Albion College M. E. 39 229 1861 1861
Ann Arbor University of Michigan Non-sectarian 194 207 1841 1870
Agricultural College Michigan Agricultural College Non-sectarian 16 16 1857 1870
Battle Creek Battle Creek College[221] 7th Day Adven. 165 1874 1874
429Benzonia Grand Traverse College[221] Congregational 24 1863
Hillsdale Hillsdale College Baptist 37 139 1855 1855
Holland Hope College Reformed 2 103 1865 1878
Kalamazoo Kalamazoo College[221] Baptist 18 55 1833
Olivet Olivet College[221] Cong and Presb. 42 117 1859 1859
Wisconsin—
Appleton Lawrence University M E 24 94 1849
Galesville Galesville University[221] Presbyterian 1 21 1859 1859
Madison University of Wisconsin Non-sectarian 139 140 1850 1871
Milton Milton College Baptist 33 110 1867 1867
Ripon Ripon College Congregational 16 129 1863 1863
Minnesota—
Hamline Hamline University[221] M E 26 126 1854 1854
Macalester Macalester College[221] Presbyterian 0 3 1884
Minneapolis University of Minnesota Non-sectarian 67 155 1868 1868
Northfield Carleton College Congregational 32 178 1867 1867
Northfield St Olaf College Lutheran 0 23 1875 1875
Iowa—
Ames Iowa State Agricultural College Non-sectarian 83 83 1869 1869
Cedar Rapids Coe College Presbyterian 8 48 1881 1881
College Springs Amity College Non-sectarian 17 139 1871 1871
Davenport Griswold College Prot Epis 0 98 1859
Des Moines Drake University[221] Christian 26 186 1882 1882
Des Moines Des Moines College Baptist 6 28 1865 1865
Fairfield Parsons College Presbyterian 40 80 1875 1875
Fayette Upper Iowa University M E 24 164 1857 1857
Grinnell Iowa College Congregational 130 1847
Hopkinton Lenox College Presbyterian 42 74 1859 1859
430Indianola Simpson College M. E. 29 169 1867 1867
Iowa City State University of Iowa Non-sectarian 87 87 1860 1860
Mt. Pleasant German College M. E. 2 52 1873 1873
Mt. Pleasant Iowa Wesleyan University M. E. 28 161 1855 1855
Mt. Vernon Cornell College M. E. 66 272 1857 1857
Oskaloosa Oskaloosa College Christian 27 78 1863 1863
Oskaloosa Penn College Friends 33 77 1872 1872
Pella Central University of Iowa Baptist 8 50 1854 1854
Tabor Tabor College Congregational 31 82 1866 1866
Toledo Western College U. B. 23 59 1856 1856
Dakota—
Brookings Dakota Agricultural College Non-sectarian 1884 1884
East Pierre Pierre University Presbyterian 9 25 1883 1883
Fargo Fargo College Congregational 1 85 1887 1887
Grand Forks University of North Dakota Non-sectarian 7 83 1884 1884
Mitchell Dakota University M. E. 50 1885 1885
Rapid City Dakota School of Mines Non-sectarian 8 9 1887 1887
Vermillion University of Dakota Non-sectarian 14 201 1883 1883
Yankton Yankton College Non-sectarian 102 1882 1882
431
Nebraska—
Bellevue Bellevue College Presbyterian 2 25 1883 1883
Central City Nebraska Central College[222] Non-sectarian 40 53 1885
Crete Doane College Congregational 13 97 1872
Lincoln University of Nebraska Non-sectarian 73 206 1871 1871
Neligh Gates College Congregational 3 54 1882 1882
Kansas—
Atchison Midland College Lutheran 8 23 1887 1887
Baldwin Baker University M. E. 40 177 1858 1858
Emporia College of Emporia Presbyterian 7 59 1882 1882
Highland Highland University[222] Presbyterian 9 47 1867 1867
Holton Campbell University Non-sectarian 268 1882 1882
Lawrence University of Kansas Non-sectarian 35 168 1866 1866
Lecompton Lane University U. B. 12 1862
Lindsborg Bethany College Lutheran 2 76 1882 1882
Manhattan Kansas State Agricultural College Non-sectarian 176 177 1863 1863
Ottawa Ottawa University Baptist 15 140 1869 1869
Salina Kansas Wesleyan University M. E. 2 65 1886
Sterling Cooper Memorial College Un. Presb 59 1887
Topeka Washburn College[222] Congregational 12 103 1865
Wichita Garfield University Christian 17 356 1887 1887
Montana—
Deer Lodge College of Montana Presbyterian 17 72 1883 1883
Colorado—
Boulder University of Colorado Non-sectarian 13 49 1877 1877
Colorado Springs Colorado College Non-sectarian 20 20 1875 1875
Denver University of Denver M. E. 3 199 1880 1880
Fort Collins State Agricultural College Non-sectarian 29 41 1879 1879
432
Utah—
Salt Lake City University of Deseret Non-sectarian 129 1850 1850
Nevada—
Reno State University of Nevada Non-sectarian 18 77 1874 1874
Washington—
Seattle University of Washington Non-sectarian 18 112 1862
Walla Walla Whitman College Congregational 62 110 1882 1882
Oregon—
Corvallis Oregon State Agricultural College Non-sectarian 23 33 1888 1888
Eugene City University of Oregon Non-sectarian 62 62 1876
Forest Grove Pacific University[223] Congregational 5 41 1854 1854
McMinnville McMinnville College Baptist 2 42 1860 1860
Salem Willamette University M. E. 7 98 1844 1844
California—
Berkeley University of California Non-sectarian 72 72 1869 1869
College City Pierce Christian College[223] Christian 22 44 1874 1874
Los Angeles University of Southern California M. E. 8 161 1880
Napa City Napa College M. E. 1 87 1872 1872
Oakland California College Baptist 26 50 1887 1887
433College Park University of the Pacific M. E. 47 226 1852
Santa Rosa Pacific Methodist College M. E., South 30 46 1861 1868
Woodbridge San Joaquin Valley College U. B. 11 41 1879 1879
Woodland Hesperian College Christian 25 120 1860 1860
Missouri—
Avalon Avalon College United Brethren 11 70 1873 1873
Bolivar Southwest Baptist College Baptist 1879 1879
Canton Christian University Christian 36 39 1857 1867
Columbia University of Missouri Non-sectarian 125 1843 1870
Edinburg Grand River College Baptist 30 50 1850 1850
Glasgow Lewis College[224] M. E. 19 24 1867
Glasgow Pritchett School Institute Non-sectarian 26 26 1866 1866
La Grange La Grange College Baptist 51 1866
St. Louis Washington University Non-sectarian 9 9 1858 1870
Springfield Drury College Congregational 11 73 1873 1873
Tarkio Tarkio College[223] United Presb. 4 38 1884 1884
Warrenton Central Wesleyan College Ger. M. E. 4 47 1864 1864
Neosho Scarritt Collegiate Institute M. E., South 80 1878 1878
434
APPENDIX C.—Table I.
To Article IV.—Education in the Southern States.
CO-EDUCATIONAL COLLEGES IN THE SOUTHERN STATES.
Location. Name. Denomination. Number of Women Students.
Collegiate. Total.
Alabama—
Greensborough Southern University M. E., South 1 1
Arkansas—
Batesville Arkansas College Presbyterian 25
Boonsborough Cane Hill College Presbyterian 3 63
Little Rock Little Rock University[226] Meth. Epis. 8 69
Little Rock Philander Smith College[226] Meth. Epis. 5 75
Fayetteville Arkansas Industrial University Non-sectarian 22 164
District of Columbia—
Washington National Deaf-Mute College Non-sectarian 3 8
Washington Howard University[226] Non-sectarian 0 58
Washington Columbian University Baptist 25 25
435
Florida—
De Land John B. Stetson University Baptist 1 62
Orange City St. John’s River Conference College Meth. Epis. 0 45
Leesburg Florida Conference College M. E., South 20 49
Winter Park Rollins College Congregational 4 39
Georgia—
Atlanta Atlanta University[226] Non-sectarian 1 252
Atlanta Clark University[226] Meth. Epis. 2 30
Bowdon Bowdon College[225] Non-sectarian 30 52
Macon Mercer University
Kentucky—
Berea Berea College[227] Non-sectarian 7 147
Eminence Eminence College Christian 56 71
Hopkinsville South Kentucky College Christian 52 60
Murray Murray Male and Female Institute Non-sectarian 81
New Liberty Concord College
North Middletown Kentucky Classical and Business College[225] Christian 44 57
Lexington Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky Non-sectarian 24 44
Louisiana—
Keachie Keachie College Baptist 34 84
New Orleans Leland University[226] Baptist
New Orleans New Orleans University[226] Meth. Epis. 3 156
New Orleans Southern University[226] Non-sectarian 4 242
New Orleans Straight University[226] Non-sectarian 10 260
New Orleans Tulane University Non-sectarian 77 282
436
Maryland—
New Windsor New Windsor College[228] Presbyterian 25 51
Westminster Western Maryland College Meth. Prot. 52 71
Mississippi—
Holmesville Kavanaugh College Non-sectarian 37 57
University University of Mississippi Non-sectarian 11 11
Rodney Alcorn A. and M. College[229] Non-sectarian 3 10
North Carolina—
Rutherford Rutherford College Non-sectarian 53 53
Salisbury Livingstone College[229] A. M. E. Zion 2 111
South Carolina—
Clinton Presbyterian College of South Carolina Presbyterian 10 40
Columbia Allen University[229] Meth. Epis. 0 140
Orangeburg Claflin University[229] 2 379
437
Tennessee—
Athens, Chattanooga, U. S. Grant University Meth. Epis. 169
McKenzie Bethel College Cumb. Presb. 134
Maryville Maryville College Presbyterian 34 109
Milligan Milligan College Christian 16 41
Mossy Creek Carson and Newman College Baptist 28 147
Nashville Central Tennessee College[229] Meth. Epis. 1 264
Nashville Fisk University[229] Congregational 5 268
Nashville Roger Williams University[229] Baptist 3 130
Tusculum Greenville and Tusculum College Presbyterian 10 46
Texas—
Austin University of Texas Non-sectarian 40 40
Fort Worth Fort Worth University Meth. Epis. 20 125
Georgetown Southwestern University M. E., South 70 138
Italy Hope Institute Christian 40 67
Marshall Wiley University Meth. Epis. 123
Salado Salado College[228] Non-sectarian 11 44
Tehuacana Trinity University[228] Cumb. Pres. 40 112
Waco Baylor University Baptist 175 267
West Virginia—
Bethany Bethany College Christian 32 32
Flemington West Virginia College F. W. Baptist 1 12
438
APPENDIX C.—Table II.
THE SEMI-COLLEGES.
Alabama—
Marion, Judson Institute.
Georgia—
Athens, Lucy Cobb Institute.
Covington, Methodist Female College.
Lagrange, Female College.
Macon, Wesleyan Female College.
Marietta, Harwood Seminary.
Rome, Shorter College.
Kentucky—
Bowling Green, Pleasant J. Potter College.
Cedar Bluff, Female College.
Georgetown, Female Seminary.
Hopkinsville, Bethel Female College.
Millersburg, Female College.
Louisiana—
Clinton, Silliman Collegiate Institute.
Maryland—
Frederick, Female Seminary.
Mississippi—
Starkville, Female Institute.
Oxford, Union Female College.
North Carolina—
Greensborough, Female College.
South Carolina—
Anderson, Female College.
Tennessee—
Nashville, College for Young Ladies.
Winchester, Mary Sharp College.
West Virginia—
Wheeling, Female College.
439
APPENDIX C.—Table III.
The Schools for Superior Instruction.
States. Number of Schools. Denominations. Number of Students in Collegiate Department, including Resident Graduates. Number Authorized by Law to Confer Degrees. Income.
Meth. Episcopal. Presbyterian. Baptist. Christian. Roman Catholic. Lutheran. Cumb. Presb. Prot. Episcopal. Non-sectarian.
Alabama 10 3 2 2 3 543 6 $43,952
Georgia 13 5 4 4 1,055 9 11,404
Kentucky 19 3 3 3 1 1 8 1,127 15 45,044
Louisiana 3 1 1 1 186 2 5,000
Maryland 5 1 1 3 363 3 16,100
Mississippi 13 3 1 4 1 4 904 8 42,822
Missouri 14 1 4 2 2 1 4 588 9 44,400
North Carolina 12 3 3 3 1 2 850 5 22,848
South Carolina 4 1 1 2 416 3 8,700
Tennessee 13 4 2 1 1 5 860 11 35,380
Texas 4 2 1 1 217 2 14,855
Virginia 14 3 3 2 1 5 727 12 42,785
West Virginia 3 1 2 78 3 2,000
127 29 14 25 3 5 3 2 2 44 7,914 88 $335,290
440
APPENDIX C.—Table IV.—Secondary Instruction for 1886–87.
States. Public Schools. Partly Public Schools. Private Schools.
Number of Schools. Number of Students. No. of Female Students preparing for College. Number of Schools. Number of Students. No. of Female Students preparing for College. Number of Schools. Number of Students. No. of Female Students preparing for College.
Male. Female. Classical. Scientific. Male. Female. Classical. Scientific. Male. Female. Classical. Scientific.
Alabama 6 436 333 69 10 20 753 880
Arkansas 2 57 91 4 220 218 14 15 5 371 412
District of Columbia 1 302 506 20 7 10 (20) 458 328 6
Florida 2 40 60 8 (70) 280 671
Georgia 4 319 512 160 50 35 1,821 1,715 50 5 39 2,238 2,703
Kentucky 3 139 613 2 2 5 342 352 13 14 31 (810) 950 1,829
Louisiana 1 146 344 1 53 10 652 373
Maryland 4 46 769 2 144 1 23 1,115 588
Mississippi 2 85 85 7 222 388 6 10 (271) 638 562
North Carolina 2 80 79 6 238 248 5 54 (127) 2,692 1,859
South Carolina 1 40 27 2 3 163 140 10 10 (135) 834 782 7
Tennessee 6 339 449 11 20 7 549 439 7 25 1,191 1,523 20 50
Texas 6 140 368 1 6 462 482 5 16 (200) 1,055 1,236
Virginia 6 400 806 23 22 (225) 978 553 5 6
West Virginia 1 80 95 5 (113) 81 162
41 2,163 4,806 219 79 82 4,650 4,315 180 44 288 14,286 14,561 32 62
441
APPENDIX D.
To Article VII.—Woman in Medicine.
LIST OF MEDICAL ESSAYS AND COMMUNICATIONS WRITTEN BY WOMEN PHYSICIANS BETWEEN 1872 AND 1890.
A.
Abdominal section, a case of. Anita Tyng.
Æsthesiometry, with new instrument. Grace Peckham.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1885.
Alexander’s operation, two cases.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1888.
Amyl Nitrite in dysmenorrhœa. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1875.
Anal occlusion, an unusual case. Susan Dimock.—Record, 1875.
Anencephalous monster. Mary Putnam.—Archives Brown-Sequard, 1872.
Antagonism of medicines. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1881.
Aphasia, with special loss of nouns. Ibid.—Journal Mental and Nervous Dis., 1886.
Apoplexia neonatorum. Sarah McNutt.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.
Apostoli’s clinic, report of. Mary Hobart.—Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1889.
Apostoli’s clinic, report of. Alice T. Beall.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1889.
Atropine, lecture on. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1873.
B.
Blood, is it a living fluid? Frances Emily White.—Record, 1883.
Botanical notes. Mary K. Curran.—Proceedings California Academy of Sciences, 1889.
Basilar kyphosis, its relations to certain cerebral deformities. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1889.
Bacteria, their rôle in fermentation and putrefaction. Emma Sutro Merritt. Trans. Med. Soc. California, 1890.
Biology, practical study in. Mary Putnam Jacobi, address at Massachusetts State Med. Soc.—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, 1889.
Brain tumor. Ibid.—Wood’s Reference Handbook Medical Sciences.
C.
Catamenial decidua, microscopic examination of. Jeannette Greene.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1882.
Cerebrum, multiple tumors of, case of in a child. Sarah J. McNutt.—Trans. Am. Neurological Ass’n.
Cirrhosis liver with splenic tumor in a child. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Pediat., 1889.
Cold pack and massage in treatment of anæmia. Mary Putnam Jacobi and Victoria White.—Archives of Medicine, 1880.
Colpo-hysterectomy for cancer. Sara A. Post.—Am. Jour. Med. Sciences, 1886.
442Conjunctivitis, new method of treating. Elizabeth Sargent.—Trans. Med. Soc. of California, 1890.
Cutaneous irritation and effect on pulse. Sara A. Post.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1883.
Chlorine in diphtheria. Caroline Conkey.—Record, 1884.
Camphor, case of fatal poisoning by. Mary J. Finley.—Record, 1887.
Cerebro-spinal meningitis, case of. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1877.
Cocculus indicus, an experimental study. Ibid.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1887.
D.
Deformities, brain and cord. Sara A. Post.—Keating’s Cyclopœdia Children’s Diseases.
Dermoid cysts, two cases aspiration followed by inflammation. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1883.
Diphtheria and croup, comparison. Ibid.—Record, 1877.
Digestibility as test of food value. Sara A. Post.—Diet Gazette, 1888.
Diseases of children, classification by development. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1881.
E.
Endometritis, studies in. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.
Empyema, a case of, with new device for measuring chest by plaster casts. Ibid.—Med. News, 1890.
Electricity in obstetrics. Mary W. Moody.—Trans. Med. Soc. California, 1888.
Episiotomy, a plea for. Anna Broomall.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1878.
Epithelioma vulva, following long-standing pruritus, operative cure. Elizabeth Cushier.—Record, 1879.
Exercise for women, as illustrated by a study of circus riders. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1884.
F.
Fibroid tumor of uterus removed by Thomas’s scoop. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Med. Sciences, 1880.
Fibroid tumor successfully treated by electricity. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.
Fatty degeneration of new-born children (Buhl’s disease). Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1878.
H.
Hernia of diaphragm, congenital. Anna Broomall.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1879.
Hot and cold drinks. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1888.
Hysterectomies, recent, for cancer. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.
Hydrocele in a female. Ellen A. Ingersol.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1882.
Hydro-nephrosis, fatal case in a parturient woman. Helen Bissell.—Record, 1887.
Hysteria, some considerations on. Mary Putnam Jacobi. 1888.
Hysteria, post-epileptic. Ibid.—Journal Nervous and Ment. Disease, 1888.
Hysterical locomotor ataxia. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1883.
Hysterical fever. Ibid.—Journal Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1890.
Hygiene as basis of morals. Francis Emily White.—Popular Science Monthly, 1889.
Hysterical coma, case. Elizabeth Peck.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1888.
Heart, anomalous malformation of. Mary Putnam.—Record, 1872.
Hæmatocele, anterior, case. Fanny Berlin.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.
443
I.
Influence of city life on health and development. Grace Peckham.—Journal Social Science Assoc.
Infancy in the city.—Popular Science Monthly, 1886.
Inflated ring pessary. Sara A. Post.—Med. Record, 1887.
Instruments for electro-massage. Ibid.—Record, 1880.
Iodoform in diabetes. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1884
Intra-cranial hæmorrhage. Sarah J. McNutt.—Quarterly Bulletin Post-Graduate Clinical Society, August, 1884.
Infantile paralysis, pathogeny of. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1874.
Infantile paralysis. Ibid.—Pepper’s Archives of Medicine, Philadelphia, 1885.
Intra-uterine therapeutics. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1889.
Inversion uterus, acute spontaneous. Araminta V. Scott.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1880.
Intestinal obstruction, rare case of. Mary Putnam.—Record, 1872.
K.
Kinesio neuroses of childhood. Grace Peckham.—Journal Mental and Nervous Dis., 1884.
Knee-chest position. Mary S. Whelstone.—Am. Jour. Obst., 1886.
L.
Language study, physiological place for, in curriculum education. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Journal Psychology, 1888.
Local reflex symptoms in uterine disease (analysis 2000 cases) Grace Peckham.—Record, 1888.
Lupus or esthiomene of the vulva, a case. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1887.
Loco weed, its toxicity. Mary G. Day.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1889.
M.
Mania, acute, after operations. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1889.
Macerated fœtus as complication of labor. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1889.
Mastitis. Julia A. Post.—Record, 1885.
Matter and mind. Frances Emily White.—Popular Science Monthly, 1887.
Muscle and mind. Ibid.—Ibid., 1889.
Morals, evolution of. Ibid.—Open Court, 1889.
Moner to man. Ibid.—Popular Science Monthly, 1884.
Mechanical restraint of the insane. Alice Bennett.—Medico-Legal Journal, 1883.
Meningocele, rare case of. Sarah J. McNutt.—Quarterly Bulletin Post-Graduate Clinical Society, 1887.
Menstrual subinvolution or metritis of non-parturient uterus. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.
Metritis, chronic, and parturient subinvolution. Ibid.—Ibid. August, 1885.
Menstruation, new theory of. Ibid.—Ibid., June, 1885.
Menstruation, question of rest in. Theory. Boylston prize essay, 1876.—Ibid.
Miliary tuberculosis and endometritis, case of. Ibid.—Record, 1875.
Microcephalus, case of. Ibid.—Record.
Menstrual bodies, anomalous in oöphoritis. Mary Dixon Jones.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1890.
444Metallo-therapy. Grace Peckham.—Archives of Medicine, 1883.
Mirror writing. Ibid.—Record, 1886.
Mineral water in diseases of children. Isabel Lowry.—N. Y. Med. Record, 1888.
Midwifery cases, analysis of 187 in private practice. Marie Zakrzewska.—Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, Dec., 1889.
Myoma, uterine, 13 lbs., removal. Mary Dixon Jones.—Am. Jour. Obstet.
Myxœdema, case of, with microscopic examination of cord. Elizabeth Cushier.—Archives Med., 1882.
N.
Nephritis, acute diffuse, following intestinal catarrh. Sarah J. McNutt.—Archives Pediatrics, 1885.
Nervousness of Americans. Grace Peckham.—Journal Social Science.
Negative pulse of veins. Sara A. Post.—Record, 1883.
O.
Ovarian complications of endometritis. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1886.
Ovaries, hemorrhage into. Ibid.—Record, 1872.
Ovariotomy for double ovarian tumor with tubercular peritonitis. Mary S. Whelstone.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1886.
Ovaries and tubes, support in treatment of. Sara A. Post.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1887.
P.
Paquelin cautery, value of. Sarah A. Dolley.—Trans. Monroe Co. Med. Soc., 1879.
Paralysis in puerperal state, two cases. Imogene Bassett.—Jour. Nerv. Dis., 1880.
Parovarian cyst with twisted pedicle attended by persistent uterine hemorrhage. Elizabeth Cushier.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1884.
Pemphigus neonatorum, epidemic of. Eleanor Kilham.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1889.
Pericarditis in a child. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1873.
Perineo-rectal laceration, extensive, of 32 years’ standing, cure by operation. Victoria A. Scott.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1883.
Pontine tumor, or diffuse brain sclerosis? Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Jour. Nerv. Dis., 1889.
Placenta, waxy degeneration of. Jeannette Greene.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1880.
Placenta, hyaline degeneration. Sara A. Post.—Trans. Am. Gyn. Assoc., 1888.
Poisoning by sulphate of iron, case. Lucy M. Hall.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1883.
Prolapsus, complete, and Lefort’s operation, three cases. Fanny Berlin.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1881.
Prophylaxis of insanity. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Med., 1881.
Pseudo-muscular hypertrophy. Ibid.—Pepper’s Archives.
Pseudo-negative sphygmographic trace. Sara A. Post.—Archives of Medicine, 1884.
Persistence in individual consciousness. Frances Emily White.—Penn. Monthly, 1878.
Protoplasm. Ibid.—Popular Science Monthly, 1881.
445Pulse tracing, showing cardiac inhibition during sudden pain. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Medicine, 1879.
Psychical Society, English; critical digest of proceeding. Grace Peckham.—Jour. Ment. Dis., 1888.
Periodical insanity among women. Alice Bennett.—Medico-Legal Jour., 1883.
Primary Education. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Popular Science Monthly, 1886.
Q.
Quinine, effect of, on cerebral circulation. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives of Medicine, 1879.
Quinine, indications for, in pneumonia. Ibid.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1887.
R.
Relations of the sexes. Frances Emily White.—Westminster Review, 1879.
Restiform body, section of. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Record, 1873.
Rhythmical myoclonus. Grace Peckham.—Archives Med., 1883.
Rotary spasm, nocturnal, a case. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Jour. Ment. Dis., 1880.
S.
Salpingitis, etiology and treatment of. Marie Mergler.—Trans. Illinois State Med. Soc., 1888.
Septicæmia and pyæmia. Mary Putnam.—Record, 1872.
Sternum, trephining, case of. Ibid.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1881.
Specialism in medicine. Ibid.—Archives of Medicine, 1882.
Spinal myelitis and meningitis in children. Ibid.—Keating’s Cyclopædia, 1890.
Spastic double hemiplegia of cerebral origin. Sarah J. McNutt.—Am. Jour. Med. Science, 1885.
Surgical notes in hospital for women and children. Charlotte Blake Brown.—Pacific Med. Jour., 1889.
Syphilitic brain disease, a case, with autopsy. Lucy M. Hall.—N. Y. Med. Jour., 1884.
T.
Therapeutics children’s diseases. Sarah J. McNutt.—Quarterly Bulletin Post-grad. Clin. Soc., 1884.
Typhoid fever, two peculiar cases. Mary Putnam Jacobi.—Archives Med., 1884.
U.
Urethra, rare case of absence of. Sara A. Post.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1885.
Uterus, rudimentary, two cases of. Susan Dimock.—Record, 1874.
Uterine appendages, removal of, five cases. Mary Dixon Jones.—Am. Jour. Obstet., 1888.
do. Ibid.—Record, 1885–1886.
W.
Woman’s place in nature. Francis Emily White.—Pop. Science Monthly, 1875.
Women in professions. Ibid.—Penn Monthly.
Wormian bones, their effect in childbirth. Grace Peckham.—Record, 1888.
do. Ibid.—Wood’s Handbook Medical Sciences.
446
APPENDIX E.
To Article X.—Woman in the State.
THE CIVIL RIGHTS OF WOMEN.
Women born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. The right of suffrage is regulated in each State by its own law, subject to Article XV. of the Amendments to the constitution of the United States. When the right to vote is denied to any of the male inhabitants of a State, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, except for participation in rebellion or crime, the representation of such State in Congress is proportionately reduced; but there is no penalty attached to the denial of the right of suffrage to women. The constitutions of all the States, except Wyoming, specify that the elective franchise is confined to males. This relates to the right of voting for the federal electors and the State legislature and executive, and statutes permitting women to vote in local elections are deemed to be constitutional. In many States women may vote at the election of school officers or upon any measure relating to schools. In Wyoming and in the Territory of Utah women vote in all respects like men. Woman suffrage also existed in the Territory of Washington, but was rejected at the election for the adoption of the constitution, when Washington became a State. The right of women to vote is by the constitution of South Dakota to be submitted by the legislature to the electors at the first general election after the admission of the State. The constitutions of Colorado, Wisconsin, and North Dakota provide that the legislature may at any time extend the right of suffrage to women, such enactment to take effect, if approved by a majority of the electors, at a general election.
In the absence of special statute or of the necessity for special license, it would seem that there is nothing to prevent an unmarried woman from engaging in any occupation she may choose. In Georgia and Louisiana, however, the statute declares that women cannot hold any civil office or perform any civil functions, unless specially authorized by law. The constitution of California provides that no person shall on account of sex be disqualified from entering upon or pursuing any lawful business, vocation, or profession; and in Illinois there is a law that no person shall be debarred or precluded from any occupation, employment, or profession (except military) on account of sex. But this does not extend or modify the right of women to hold office, nor does it enable or require them to serve on juries or to labor in the streets. Military, jury, police, patrol, and road duties are generally specifically confined to males. The constitution of Missouri specifies that the Governor and members of the legislature must be male, and in other States such a restriction follows from the requirement that office-holders shall be chosen from among electors. Certain offices, such as that of recorder of deeds, notary public, etc., may in many States be held by women, and in many States 447women may hold any office under the school law. In Massachusetts, the office of overseer of the poor may be held by a woman.
At common law, a married woman, however, had in general no capacity to contract, and hence could not engage in business or follow an independent vocation; but the common law disabilities, imposed upon married women, have been very generally removed by statutes. In Louisiana and North Carolina, however, the contracts of a married woman are declared to be generally void, and so says a statute of Georgia, which seems, however, to be overruled by constitutional provision, as judicially construed. In Alabama and New Mexico a married woman may contract, provided she have her husband’s assent, and in certain cases this is allowed in Louisiana. In Illinois a wife may make all kinds of contracts, except that she may not enter into a partnership without her husband’s consent, and in South Carolina it is held that the law does not empower a married woman to enter into a partnership. But in most of the States, a married woman may as a general rule make all kinds of contracts as if she were unmarried. In Mississippi, Oregon, and Washington, all the civil disabilities peculiar to married women, except as to voting and holding office, have been expressly swept away. In about a dozen States there is a certain process, such as recording a certificate, etc., by which a married woman can become a “sole trader,” or carry on business in her own name; but in as many other States she can do this without any formalities. In all the States, the real property of a woman, and in most of the States her personal property, upon her marriage, remain her separate property; and so generally remains all property acquired by the wife after marriage; and over this separate property a married woman has now, in nearly all the States, more or less complete control. Louisiana, however, is peculiarly conservative in this respect, and in Texas, Florida, and Idaho, the husband has the management and control of all the wife’s separate property. The property claimed by married women must, by the laws of several States, be specially registered. In many States a married woman can convey her own real estate, without her husband joining in the conveyance; but in a narrow majority of the States the husband must, as a rule, join with the wife to make a valid transfer. In most of the States a married woman may prosecute or defend suits concerning her own property, as if unmarried; and in about half of the States she may in all cases sue and be sued without joining the husband. As a prevailing rule, the husband is not liable for the debts of the wife, except those incurred for necessaries for herself or the family, nor is he now liable for her torts; neither is the wife’s property liable for the debts of the husband, but her own debts may be enforced against her own property. In many States contracts between husband and wife are now valid, though in some States they are still void at law.
Married women have, as a rule, the same right to dispose of their property by last will and testament as they have to convey it during their life-time; but in some States, as Maryland, their right so to do is restricted in certain respects. In many States a wife cannot by her will deprive her husband of a certain share of her property. The laws of descent and of intestate succession vary diversely in the several States. In Tennessee it is expressly provided that absolute equality shall be observed in the division of estates of deceased persons dying intestate, and no difference of sex is known in the laws of succession in North Carolina and Louisiana. In many States the distributive shares of husband and widow, and their respective rights of curtesy and dower, are similar; but in other States there are complicated differences; in New York, for instance, the husband being favored with respect to personal property, and the wife being better protected with regard 448to real estate. In Louisiana women are declared incapable of being witnesses to wills.
The laws of California, the Dakotas, Georgia, New Mexico, Ohio, and Idaho expressly enact that the husband is the head of the family, and that the wife is subject to him. The constitution of Kansas, however, declares that the legislature shall provide for women equal rights with the husband in the possession of their children. Such equality is also provided by the laws of Washington. In Maine, California, the Dakotas, and Georgia, the father is declared to have the right to the custody of his minor child. In Louisiana, in case of difference between the parents, the authority of the father prevails. The common law authority of the husband and father is, with modifications, upheld in most of the States, at least until abandonment, separation, or divorce.
The duty of the husband at common law to support the wife finds further statutory recognition in acts making the husband’s failure to support the wife cause for absolute or limited divorce. Alimony is usually granted to the wife on a divorce for the husband’s fault. In North Carolina, Kentucky, and Texas, divorce is granted for adultery only when committed by the wife, unless the husband abandon the wife and live in adultery with another woman.
While women, and particularly married women, still in the world of activity, often labor under disabilities imposed upon them by law for their protection and benefit—“so great a favorite is the female sex of the laws of England”—it must be admitted that in the course of a century woman has made a great advance in the direction of personal freedom. When Blackstone wrote, the husband became entitled by marriage to all the personal property of the wife, and to the rents and profits of her lands, and the very being or legal existence of the woman was suspended during marriage, or at least was incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband, under whose wing, protection, and cover she performed everything. The emancipation of married women has been gradually, silently, successfully accomplished.—Ed.
449
APPENDIX F.—Bibliography.
The following works will be found useful by those who wish to pursue further the subjects treated in the foregoing chapters.
ADAMS, OSCAR FAY
Handbook of American Authors. Boston, 1884.
BOONE, RICHARD G.
Education in the United States. New York, 1889.
BRACKETT, ANNA C. AND OTHERS
Education of American Girls. New York, 1886.
CAMPBELL, HELEN
Prisoners of Poverty. Boston, 1887.
Anne Bradstreet. Boston, 1891.
CLARKE, E. H.
Sex in Education. Boston, 1873.
DALL, CAROLINE H.
Life of Dr. Marie Zakrzewska; a Practical Illustration of Woman’s Right to Labor. Boston.
DODGE, COLONEL RICHARD IRVING
Our Wild Indians. Hartford, 1882.
ELLET, E. F.
Women of the American Revolution. Philadelphia, 1853.
ENGLES, FREDERICK
Condition of the Working Classes in England in 1844. Translated by Florence Kelly Wischnewetsky. New York, 1887.
GREELEY, HORACE
Recollections of a Busy Life. New York, 1867.
GRISWOLD, R. W.
Female Poets of America. New York, 1849.
D’HERICOURT, MME.
La Femme Affranchie. Paris.
HIGGINSON, THOMAS WENTWORTH
Common Sense about Women. Boston, 1882.
Women and Men. New York, 1887.
HOWE, JULIA WARD AND OTHERS
Sex and Education. Boston, 1874.
JACKSON, HELEN HUNT (“H. H.”)
A Century of Dishonor. New York, 1881.
JACKSON, SHELDON, D.D.
Alaska. New York, 1880.
450LARCOM, LUCY
The Story of a New England Girlhood. Boston, 1889.
LEAKE, GENERAL G. B.
Protection of Law for Indians.
LIVERMORE, MARY A.
My Story of the War. Hartford, 1888.
LOWELL OFFERING
MANYPENNY, COLONEL GEORGE
Our Indian Wards. Cincinnati, 1880.
MARTINEAU, HARRIET
Society in America. New York, 1837.
MILL, JOHN STUART
Subjection of Women. New York, 1870.
OWEN, G. W.
The Indian Question.
PANCOAST, HENRY S.
The Indian before the Law.
PENNY, VIRGINIA
Think and Act: Men and Women: Work and Wages. Philadelphia, 1868.
REPORT OF INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN HELD IN WASHINGTON, D. C., 1888. Washington, 1888.
RIGGS, REV. STEPHEN R., D.D.
Mary and I. Chicago, 1880.
ROBINSON, H. H.
Massachusetts in Woman Suffrage Movement. Boston, 1881.
SEDGWICK, C. M.
Letters from Abroad to Kindred at Home. New York, 1841.
SIMS, MARION
Story of My Life. New York, 1884.
STANTON, THEODORE
The Woman Question in Europe. New York, 1884.
STEDMAN, E. C.
Poets of America. Boston, 1885.
STEDMAN, E. C. AND HUTCHINSON, E. M.
Library of American Literature. New York, 1887–1890.
TIFFANY, REV.
Life of Dorothea Dix. Boston, 1889.
WILLARD, FRANCES E.
Autobiography.
WOLLSTONECRAFT
The Rights of Women. Boston, 1890.
451