CONTENTS
Meta Stern Lilienthal translation
Page
Introduction 3
WOMAN IN THE PAST.
Chapter I.—The Position of Woman in Primeval Society 9 1. Chief Epochs of Primeval History 9 2. Family Forms 14 3. The Matriarchate 20
Chapter II.—Conflict between Matriarchate and Patriarchate 28 1. Rise of the Patriarchate 28 2. Traces of the Matriarchate in Greek Myths and Dramas 34 3. Legitimate Wives and Courtesans in Athens 37 4. Remnants of the Matriarchate in the Customs of Various Nations 44 5. Rise of the State—Dissolution of the Gens in Rome 50
Chapter III.—Christianity 56
Chapter IV.—Woman in the Mediaeval Age 63 1. The Position of Women among the Germans 63 2. Feudalism and the Right of the First Night 66 3. The Rise of Cities—Monastic Affairs—Prostitution 69 4. Knighthood and the Veneration of Women 75
Chapter V.—The Reformation 78 1. Luther 78 2. Results of the Reformation—The Thirty Years’ War 83
Chapter VI.—The Eighteenth Century 88 1. Court Life in Germany 88 2. Commercialism and the New Marriage Laws 90 3. The French Revolution and the Rise of Industry 93
WOMAN AT THE PRESENT DAY.
Chapter VII.—Woman as a Sex Being 96 1. The Sexual Impulse 96 2. Celibacy and the Frequency of Suicide 100
Chapter VIII.—Modern Marriage 104 1. Marriage as a Profession 104 2. Decline of the Birthrate 106 3. Mercenary Marriage and the Matrimonial Market 110
Chapter IX.—Disruption of the Family 116 1. Increase of Divorce 116 2. Bourgeois and Proletarian Marriage 124
Chapter X.—Marriage as a Means of Support 132 1. Decline of the Marriage Rate 132 2. Infanticide and Abortion 135 3. Education for Marriage 140 4. The Misery of Present Day Marriages 147
Chapter XI.—The Chances of Matrimony 153 1. The Numerical Proportion of the Sexes 153 2. Obstacles to Marriage—The Excess of Women 164
Chapter XII.—Prostitution a Necessary Social Institution of Bourgeois Society 174 1. Prostitution and Society 174 2. Prostitution and the State 178 3. The White Slave Trade 188 4. The Increase of Prostitution—Illegitimate Motherhood 193 5. Crimes Against Morality and Sexual Diseases 204
Chapter XIII.—Woman in Industry 209 1. Development and Extension of Female Labor 209 2. Factory Work of Married Women—Sweatshop Labor and Dangerous Occupations 222
Chapter XIV.—The Struggle of Women for Education 233 1. The Revolution in Domestic Life 233 2. The Intellectual Abilities of Women 239 3. Differences in Physical and Mental Qualities of Man and Woman 245 4. Darwinism and the Condition of Society 253 5. Woman and the Learned Professions 258
Chapter XV.—The Legal Status of Women 272 1. The Struggle for Equality Before the Law 272 2. The Struggle for Political Equality 280
THE STATE AND SOCIETY.
Chapter XVI.—The Class-State and the Modern Proletariat 307 1. Our Public Life 307 2. Aggravation of Social Extremes 315
Chapter XVII.—The Process of Concentration in Capitalistic Industry 319 1. The Displacement of Agriculture by Industry 319 2. Increasing Pauperization—Preponderance of Large Industrial Establishments 323 3. Concentration of Wealth 333
Chapter XVIII.—Crisis and Competition 338 1. Causes and Effects of the Crises 338 2. Intermediate Trade and the Increased Cost of Living 343
Chapter XIX.—The Revolution in Agriculture 347 1. Transatlantic Competition and Desertion of the Country 347 2. Peasants and Great Landowners 349 3. The Contrast Between City and Country 358
THE SOCIALIZATION OF SOCIETY.
Chapter XX.—The Social Revolution 363 1. The Transformation of Society 363 2. Expropriation of the Expropriators 366
Chapter XXI.—Fundamental Laws of Socialistic Society 370 1. Duty to Work of All Able-bodied Persons 370 2. Harmony of Interests 375 3. Organization of Labor 380 4. The Growth of the Productivity of Labor 383 5. Removal of the Contrast between Mental and Manual Work 392 6. Increase of Consumption 396 7. Equal Duty to Work for All 399 8. Abolition of Trade—Transformation of Traffic 405
Chapter XXII.—Socialism and Agriculture 407 1. Abolition of the Private Ownership of Land 407 2. The Amelioration of Land 409 3. Changed Methods of Farming 414 4. Agriculture on a Large and Small Scale—Electric Appliances 415 5. Vine-Culture of the Future 424 6. Measures to Prevent Exhaustion of the Soil 427 7. Removal of the Contrast between City and Country 431
Chapter XXIII.—Abolition of the State 434
Chapter XXIV.—The Future of Religion 437
Chapter XXV.—The Socialist System of Education 440
Chapter XXVI.—Literature and Art in Socialistic Society 451
Chapter XXVII.—Free Development of Individuality 455 1. Freedom from Care 455 2. Changes in the Methods of Nutrition 457 3. The Communistic Kitchen 461 4. Transformation of Domestic Life 463
Chapter XXVIII.—Woman in the Future 466
Chapter XXIX.—Internationality 473
Chapter XXX.—The Question of Population and Socialism 478 1. Fear of Over-Population 478 2. Production of Over-Population 481 3. Poverty and Fecundity 484 4. Lack of Human Beings and Abundance of Food 487 5. Social Conditions and Reproductive Ability 494
Conclusion 500