IV. Chronicles of Two Leaders of the Great Emigration, Louis Triegard and Pieter Uys. (continued 2)

Churches in the Southern Netherlands: violation of, 55

Coligny, Admiral: murder of, 65

Commencement of the struggle of the Netherlands against Spain, 58

Convicts sent from England to South Africa: account of, 165

Corbin, the: in 1601 sails from St. Malo to India, but in July 1602 is lost at the Maldives, 37

Cory, a Hottentot taken to England and made much of there: account of, 163 and 164

Council of Blood: is established at Brussels by the duke of Alva, 57

de Couto’s Da Asia: references to, 122 and 128

Croissant, the: in 1601 sails from St. Malo to India, but is lost on her homeward passage, 37

Crusades, the: have a beneficial effect upon the Netherlands, 45

Synoptical Index.

Danish ships: in 1619 first visit Table Bay, 168

Dassen (Conies) Island: in 1605 receives its name, 156

Davis, John: in 1598 sails to India in the Dutch service, 123; in 1601 visits Table Bay on his second voyage to India, 155; and again in 1605 on his third outward passage, ib.; in December of this year he is killed by Japanese pirates, ib.

Dendermonde: on the 17th of August 1584 is reconciled to Philippe II, and is thereafter lost to the patriot cause, 98

Deventer: on the 29th of January 1587 is betrayed by Sir William Stanley to Spain, 104; on the 10th of June 1591 is recovered by the patriots, 109

Dias, Estevão: career of, 36 and 37

Dirkszoon, Cornelis: in October 1573 gains a great victory in a naval battle with a Spanish fleet, 69

Disastrous encounters with Hottentots in Table Valley, 163

Dollart, the: in 1277 is formed, 43

Don John of Austria: in 1576 is appointed by Philippe II governor-general of the Netherlands, 82; on the 3rd of May 1577 takes the oaths of office at Brussels, 84; administration of, 84 to 88; on the 1st of October 1578 dies, 88

Drake, Sir Francis: in 1577-1580 makes his celebrated voyage round the world, 38 and 39; in April 1587 destroys a great Spanish fleet in the harbour of Cadiz and another in the Tagus, 106

Drenthe: particulars concerning the province of, 90

Dutch East India Company: causes of the formation of, 130; in March 1602 comes into existence, ib.; conditions of the charter granted by the states-general, ib.; capital of the Company, 132; its advantage to the State, 132; later modifications of the charter, 133

Dutch ships in Spanish ports: in 1598 are seized and confiscated, 116

Egmont, count of: wins the great battles of St. Quentin and Gravelines for Philippe II, 51; execution of, 59

English convicts sent to South Africa: account of, 165

English ships: in 1591 for the first time visit Table Bay, 40

Ernest, archduke: in January 1594 becomes governor-general of the submissive Netherlands, 109; on the 20th of February 1595 dies, 110

Historical Sketches.

Farnese, Alexander, prince of Parma: on the 31st of January 1578 annihilates the patriot army at Gemblours, 86; in October 1578 becomes governor-general of the Netherlands, 88; administration of, 88 to 109; in 1590 goes to France with a strong army to assist the duke of Mayenne against Henry of Navarre, 108; but after breaking the blockade of Paris returns to the Netherlands, ib.; on the 3rd of December 1592 dies, 109

Fitch, Ralph: travels of, 39 and 40

Fitzherbert and Shillinge, two English commodores: in 1620 in Table Valley proclaim the sovereignty of James I of England over Africa to the dominions of another Christian prince, 159 and 160; but this is not confirmed in England, 160

Flanders, count of: before 1544 admits the precedence in rank of the kings of France, 44; in that year the province becomes subject to the emperor Charles V, 48

Flushing: is the second town in the Netherlands to be seized and permanently held by the patriots, 63; which event is followed by other important successes, 64; from 1585 to 1616 it is occupied by English troops as security for the payment of debt to England, 101 and 115

French, the: are the first to follow the Portuguese by sea to India, 36

French East India Company: in 1604 is established on paper, but gets no further, 37; in 1615 it is reorganised, and in 1617 sends an expedition to India, which is successful, ib.

French ships: towards the middle of the seventeenth century occasionally visit the islands in and near Saldanha Bay to procure sealskins and oil, 38

Frisians, the: in A.D. 750 accept Christianity, 44

Gemblours: battle of, 86

General Collection of Treatys, Manifesto’s, Contracts of Marriage, Renunciations, and other Publick Papers, from the year 1495 to the year 1712: references to, 101, 102, 106, 111, 113, 115, 153, and 161

Ghent: atrocious conduct of the fanatical party in the city, 88; on the 17th of September 1584 it is reconciled to Philippe II, and is thereafter lost to the patriot cause, 98

Giedde, Ove, Danish admiral: in 1619 and again in 1621 visits Table Bay, 168

Synoptical Index.

Granvelle, Cardinal: is agent of Philippe II in the Netherlands, 52; is detested by the people, 53; in 1564 leaves the Netherlands, ib.

Grave: in September 1602 is gained by the patriots, 114

Groen van Prinsterer’s Handboek der Geschiedenis van het Vaderland: reference to, 42

Groningen, town of: in March 1580 is betrayed to the Spaniards, 92; on the 22nd of July 1594 is recovered by the patriots, 110

Haarlem, siege of, 67; on the 12th of July 1573 the city is taken by the Spaniards, ib.

van der Hagen, Steven: in 1599 commands an expedition sent to India, 125; in December 1603 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a powerful fleet, 136; in June 1604 attacks Mozambique, ib.; but in August is obliged to retire without success, 137; in February 1605 gets possession of the Portuguese fort on Amboina, ib.

Hainaut, Artois, and Lille, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause, 88

van Heemskerk, Jacob: in 1595 accompanies Willem Barendszoom on his second polar expedition, 117; and again in 1596 on his third and last, ib.; in 1598 goes to India in the fleet under Jacob van Nek, 124; in April 1601 leaves Holland on his second voyage to India as admiral of a fleet of eight ships, 129; captures a very richly laden carrack, ib.; on the 25th of April 1607 with a greatly inferior force attacks a powerful Spanish fleet in Gibraltar Bay, and utterly destroys it, 151; but is killed in the engagement, ib.

Hendrik of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in battle, 74

Hermanszoon, Wolfert: in 1601 commands a fleet sent to India, 128; attacks a large Portuguese fleet under André Furtado de Mendoça besieging Bantam, ib.; and compels Mendoça to retire, 129; enters into a commercial treaty with the ruler of Bantam, ib.; and with the ruler of Banda, ib.

Holland and Zeeland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation, 77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II, 79

Hoorn, Count: execution of, 59

Hottentots: dealings with by the first English visitors to South Africa, 40; are seen and described by the first Dutch voyagers to India, 122; disgusting food of, 157

Historical Sketches.

Houtman, Cornelis: in 1595 is in command of the first Dutch expedition to India, 121; in 1598 commands another expedition to India, 123; and is murdered at Atchin, 124

Hunebedden: description of, 42

Indian trade: number of Dutch ships engaged in before 1602, 129

Inquisition in the Netherlands: particulars concerning, 49, 53, and 54

Inundation: in 1570 causes terrible loss of life and property in the Northern Netherlands, 60

Invincible Spanish Armada: in 1588 is destroyed, 107

Isabella, Archduchess, daughter of Philippe II: in May 1598 becomes sovereign of the submissive Netherlands, and in April 1599 marries the archduke Albert, 113; on the 30th of November 1623 dies, 152

James I, king of England: for a short time after his accession favours the Dutch, but in 1604 he enters into a treaty of peace and alliance with Spain, 115

de Jonge’s De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch Gezag in Oost Indie: reference to, 122

Jourdain, John: gives an account of his visits to Table Valley in 1608 and 1617, 156, 157, and 164

Lancaster, Captain James: in 1591 visits Table Bay, 41; as admiral of the first fleet fitted out by the English East India Company in September 1601 again calls at Table Bay, 155

Leades, William: travels of, 39

Leeven en Daden der Doorlughtige Zee-Helden: reference to, 78

Leicester, earl of: is appointed by Queen Elizabeth lieutenant-general of the English forces in the Netherlands, and on the 19th of December 1585 arrives and assumes duty, 102; conduct of, 102 to 106; in December 1587 leaves the Netherlands, 106

Lepanto: battle of, 82

Leyden: first siege of, 73; second siege and heroic defence of from the 26th of May to the 3rd of October 1574, when the city is relieved by Admiral Boisot, 74, 75, and 76

Liege, province of: particulars concerning, 51, 52, and 154

Lille, with Douai and Orchies, Artois, and Hainaut, provinces of: on the 17th of May 1579 are reconciled to Philippe II, and for ever lost to the patriot cause, 88

Synoptical Index.

van Linschoten, Jan Huyghen: in 1583 goes to India in the service of the archbishop of Goa, 118; and remains there until January 1589, 119; after his return to Holland publishes sailing directions, a description of the Indies, &c., which serve as guides for his countrymen, ib.; in 1594 accompanies Willem Barendszoon in his first polar voyage, 117

Louis of Nassau, brother of William prince of Orange: death of in battle, 74

Maastricht: siege and destruction of by Alexander Farnese, 91

Madura: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India, 123

le Maire, Isaac: in May 1611 visits Table Bay, 154

Mandeville, Sir John: note on, 38

Manufactures: are driven from the Netherlands by persecution, 54

de la Marck, William: exploits of, 62

Margaret of Parma: in 1559 becomes regent of the Netherlands, 52; administration of, 52 to 58

Massacre of Saint Bartholomew in August 1572: has disastrous effects on the patriot cause in the Netherlands, 65

Matelief, Cornelis: in May 1605 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet, 138; attempts to get possession of Malacca, but without success, ib.; builds Fort Orange on the island of Ternate, and places a garrison in it, ib.; in April 1608 calls at Table Bay on his homeward passage, and remains there till June, 139

Matthias of Hapsburg: in January 1578 becomes nominally governor-general of the Netherlands provinces on the invitation of a party of nobles, but has no real power, 86; in 1581 returns to Germany, 93

Maurits of Nassau, second son of William prince of Orange: in 1584 commences his career, 98

Mechlin: a court of appeal for all the provinces is established here by the duke of Burgundy, 46; ferocious treatment of the city by the duke of Alva, 65; on the 19th of July 1585 it capitulates to the Spaniards, 100

de Mendoça, André Furtado: in 1601 is in command of a large Portuguese fleet besieging Bantam, 128; when he is attacked by a puny Dutch fleet under Wolfert Hermanszoon, ib.; which forces him to raise the blockade, 129; he causes great destruction at Amboina, ib.; successfully defends Malacca against Cornelis Matelief, 138

Historical Sketches.

Michelburne, Sir Edward: in 1605 visits Table Bay, 155

Middelburg: in February 1574 after a long siege is surrendered to the patriots by Colonel Christopher Mondragon, 73

Mondragon, a French corsair: in 1507 seizes a Portuguese ship in the Mozambique channel, 36; in 1509 he is captured by the Portuguese and is taken as a prisoner to Lisbon, ib.; where he manages to make his peace with the king, ib.

Montigny, Baron; murder of, 60

Mookerheyde: disastrous battle of in April 1574, 74

Mossel Bay: is touched at by the first Dutch expedition to India, 122; in 1601 receives its present name from Paulus van Caerden, 126

Motley’s Rise of the Dutch Republic, and History of the United Netherlands to the Twelve Years’ Truce, 1609: references to, 41 and 78

Mozambique: description of in 1583, 120; is coveted by the Dutch, owing to rumours of the great quantity of gold to be had on the mainland, 135; in June 1604 is attacked by Steven van der Hagen, 136; but in August he is obliged to leave without success, 137; in March 1607 is attacked by Paulus van Caerden, 139; Fort São Sebastião is bravely defended by Dom Estevão d’Ataide, 141; and in May Van Caerden is obliged to abandon the effort to take it, 143; in July 1608 it is attacked for the third time by the Dutch under Pieter Willemszoon Verhoeff, 144; but in August the siege is abandoned, 147

Municipal Charters: in A.D. 1217 the first of these in the Northern Netherlands is obtained by the town of Middelburg in Zeeland, 45

Mutinies of Spanish troops: account of, 79 to 81, and 111

Naarden: in 1572 is destroyed by the Spaniards, 66

Negotiations for the alliance of the Dutch and English East India Companies: particulars concerning, 161 and 162

van Nek, Jacob: successful voyage to India of, 124

Netherlands: the territory of the Northern Provinces is the last occupied on the continent of Europe, 42; no traces of palæolithic men are found there, ib.; the Celts are the earliest known inhabitants, ib.; the Batavi, a Nether Teuton tribe, come next, ib.; the Frisians occupy the territory farther north, 43; palæolithic implements in great abundance are found in the southern provinces, 42; which in the earliest historical times are occupied by Celts, 43; at the time of the Roman invasion the extreme north is occupied by Teutons, the extreme south by Celts, and the centre by the two races intermingled, ib.; the country is conquered by Cæsar and the Frisians are compelled to pay tribute, but the Batavi are admitted to an alliance with Rome, ib.; some centuries later on the fall of the Roman empire, other Teutonic tribes enter the country, 44; when the Franks conquer the Romanised Celtic territory in the south, ib.; in A.D. 785 the conquest of the whole country is completed by Charlemagne, ib.; under his feeble successors it is broken up into a number of petty states independent of each other, ib.; which in course of time become prosperous through manufactures, commerce, and the fisheries, 45; the towns are able to obtain, mostly by purchase from their sovereigns, charters conferring extensive powers of self government, ib.; in 1437 through various causes many of the provinces or separate states come under the dominion of Philippe duke of Burgundy, 46; in 1477 the “Great Privilege” is granted by Mary of Burgundy, 47; who marries Maximilian of Hapsburg, and leaves a son, Philippe by name, as sovereign of the Burgundian Netherlands, 48; this Philippe marries the eldest daughter of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, and in 1500 has a son born to him, who becomes the emperor Charles V, ib.; Charles inherits the sovereignty of all the Netherland provinces except Gelderland, Utrecht, the Frisian provinces, Liege, Flanders, and Artois, ib.; by 1544 all of the provinces except Liege are under his rule, 49; enumeration of the provinces, 50; in 1555 on the abdication of Charles V all of the provinces except Liege come under the sovereignty of his son Philippe II of Spain, 51; under whose rule they are treated with such cruelty that they rise in rebellion against him, 51 et seq.

Synoptical Index.

Newbery, John: travels of, 39

Nieuwpoort: battle of, 113

van Noort, Olivier: in 1598-1601 is the first Netherlander to sail round the world, 124 and 125

Nymegen: on the 21st of October 1591 surrenders to the patriots, 109

Ostend: on the 5th of July 1601 is besieged by the archduke Albert, but holds out till the 20th of September 1604, when it is taken by the marquis Ambrose Spinola, 114

Oudewater: in July 1575 is destroyed by the Spaniards, 77

Pacification of Ghent: particulars regarding the, 81

Parmentier, Jean: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India, 37

Parmentier, Raoul: in 1529 commands a French ship sent to India, 37

Historical Sketches.

Pereira, Duarte Pacheco: in 1509 captures the French corsair Mondragon, 36

Perpetual Edict: particulars concerning the, 83

Philippe II of Spain: in 1555 becomes sovereign of all the Netherland provinces except Liege, 51; his rule is so atrocious that the provinces rise in rebellion, and in October 1575 the states of Holland and Zeeland renounce allegiance to him, 79; on the 26th of July 1581 he is formally abjured by the other provinces in arms against him, 93; on the 6th of May 1598 he transfers the sovereignty of the Netherlands to his daughter Isabella, 112; and on the 13th of September of the same year dies, ib.

Philippe III: in September 1598 succeeds his father as king of Spain, 112

Pirenne’s Histoire de Belgique: reference to, 42

Portugal: in 1580 comes under the authority of Philippe II of Spain, 92

Portuguese: before the close of the sixteenth century cease to be progressive, 35

Position of the Dutch in India at the time of the conclusion of the truce with Spain, 149

Protestants: emigration of from the Southern to the Northern Netherland provinces, 98 and 101

Queen Elizabeth of England: in January 1578 commences to assist the patriots in the Netherlands, 85; in August 1585 enters into a treaty with the states, giving them material assistance, 101; on the 24th of March 1603 dies, 115

Rapid advance of the Dutch in India in 1609, 148

Reformation, the: spread of in the Netherlands, 49 and 54

Repudiation of the public debt by Philippe II, 110

de Requesens, Don Luis: in November 1573 becomes governor and captain-general of the Netherlands, 70; administration of, 70 to 79; on the 5th of March 1576 dies, 79

Roe, Sir Thomas: in 1615 visits Table Valley, 166

Romans, the: confer great benefits upon the Netherlands, 44

Scandinavian pirates: plunder the Netherlands, but do not form settlements in the country, 45

Sluis: is besieged, and in August 1587 is compelled to surrender to the Spaniards, 105; in August 1604 is recovered by the patriots, 115

Synoptical Index.

Sonoy, Diederik: atrocious conduct of at Alkmaar, 77

Spanish Fury of Antwerp: account of, 80 and 81

Spanish troops: mutinies of, 74 and 113

van Spilbergen, Joris: in 1601 commands an expedition sent to India, 127

Spinola, the marquis Ambrose: in 1603 becomes commander-in-chief of the Spanish army in Flanders, 114

Stephens, Thomas, an Englishman: in 1579 is rector of the Jesuit college at Salsette, 38

Story, James: travels of, 39

Sumatra: is visited by the first Dutch expedition to India, 123

Synod of the Reformed churches: in 1572 the first meets at Hoorn; in 1578 the second meets at Dordrecht, 87

Table Bay: in 1601 receives its present name from Joris van Spilbergen, 127

Terry’s Voyage to India: references to, 163 and 166

Teutonic tribes: overrun the Netherlands, 44

Treaty of alliance between England, France, and the seven United Provinces of the Netherlands: on the 31st of October 1596 is entered into, 111; from which in May 1598 Henry IV of France withdraws, 112; on the 16th of August 1598 a new treaty of alliance is entered into between England and the free Netherlands, 112

Truce for twelve years between Spain and the Netherlands: on the 9th of April 1609 is signed at Antwerp, 151

Turnhout: rout of a Spanish army at, 111

Union of Brussels: particulars concerning the, 82

Union of Utrecht: particulars concerning the, 89 and 90

United Netherlands, republic of the: territory of in 1609, at the time of the twelve years’ truce, 151 and 152

Utrecht, bishopric of: is founded by Charlemagne as a fief, 44; in 1579 ceases to exist, 89

Valenciennes: in 1567 is reduced to submission to Philippe II, 56

Valentijn’s Oud en Nieuw Oost Indien: reference to, 122

Variation of the compass: mention of, 123 and 124

Historical Sketches.

Verhoeff, Pieter Willemszoon: in December 1607 sails from Holland for India as admiral of a very powerful fleet, 144; and in July 1608 makes an attack upon Mozambique, ib.; but in August is compelled to abandon the effort to get possession of Fort São Sebastião, 147; barbarity of after the great victory in Gibraltar Bay, 151; in May 1609 he and twenty-nine others are murdered on the island of Neira, 148

van Waerwyk, Wybrand: in June 1602 leaves Holland for India as admiral of a fleet, 134; in August 1603 establishes a permanent factory at Bantam, 135; which for several years is regarded as the Dutch head quarters in the East, ib.

de Weert, Sebald: in March 1602 is admiral of the first fleet sent out by the Dutch East India Company, 134; visits Ceylon and makes an agreement of friendship with the ruler of Kandy, ib.; but commits the great error of offending the religious feelings of the Cingalese, ib.; with the result that he and forty-six others are surprised when on shore and are all put to death, 135

William, prince of Orange: is appointed by Philippe II stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht, 52; becomes the very soul of the struggle of the provinces for liberty, 52 to 97; on the 15th of March 1580 is declared an outlaw by Philippe II, and a great reward is offered to any one who takes his life, 92; on the 10th of July 1584 is murdered at Delft, 97

Zeeland and Holland, provinces of: in June 1575 unite in a kind of loose confederation, 77; in October 1575 renounce allegiance to Philippe II, 79

Zierikzee: in June 1576 is besieged and taken by the Spaniards, 78

Zutphen: treatment of by Don Frederic de Toledo, son of the duke of Alva, 66; in September 1583 it is betrayed to the Spaniards, 96; on the 23rd of May 1591 it is recovered by the patriots, 109

Zuyder Zee: is formed in the thirteenth century of our era, 43

SKETCH III.

van der Aa’s Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden: references to, 173 and 250

Appel, Ferdinandus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; further mention of, 246

Arboriculture: instructions of the directors concerning, 188; which are carried out by the governor, ib.

Synoptical Index.

van Assenburgh, Louis: is appointed to succeed Willem Adriaan van der Stel as governor, 241; in January 1708 arrives and assumes the duty, 246

Bek, Rev. Hendrik: in May 1702 becomes clergyman of Drakenstein, 198; in April 1707 is transferred to Stellenbosch, 200

Bogaert, Abraham: takes charge of the document containing the complaints of the burghers, 228

Bogaert’s Historisch Verhaal: reference to, 211

le Boucq, Rev. Engelbertus: account of, 199

van Brakel, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230, 232, and 242

Bushmen: particulars concerning, 188, 194 et seq.

van der Byl, Pieter: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; further mention of, 246

Charges against Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel: list of, 221

Church building: in January 1704 the first in Capetown is opened for use, 198

Cloete, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229

Colonists: at the beginning of the eighteenth century are rapidly increasing in number, 204

Company’s garden in Capetown: particulars concerning, 190

Condition of the Cape settlement when Willem Adriaan van der Stel becomes governor, 181

Constantia farm: on the 13th of July 1685 is granted to Commander Simon van der Stel by the lord of Mydrecht, 179

Conterman, Hans Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 227

Corruption: at the beginning of the eighteenth century is generally prevalent in the East India Company’s service, 205; means adopted to prevent it, 206

Council of Policy: during the administration of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel meetings are only held at long intervals, 215

Drakenstein: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision, 177

Du Bois’s Vies des Gouverneurs Generaux: reference to, 173

Dutch and German settlers: are sent to South Africa from 1700 to 1707, when emigration is stopped, 185

Historical Sketches.

Ecclesiastical matters: particulars concerning, 197 et seq.

Effect of Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel’s tyranny in blending the Dutch and French sections of the community, 249

Elberts, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Elberts, Nicolaas: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Elsevier, Samuel, the secunde: is in illegal possession of a tract of land near Klapmuts, 216; is charged by the burghers with carrying on farming and neglecting his duty, 222; is dismissed from office by the directors, and in April 1708 leaves the colony, 247

Expedition to Natal in 1705: account of, 202

Extent of the Cape settlement when Simon van der Stel becomes commander, 177

Fouché, Professor Leo: copies and publishes portions of the journal of Adam Tas, 183

French Hoek: is settled under Simon van der Stel’s supervision, 177

French language in South Africa: particulars concerning, 198

Goodwin, Vaughan, an Englishman: in 1705 is found living at Port Natal, 202

Grazing farms: occupation of, 193

Grevenbroek, Jan Willem: mention of, 218

van der Heiden, Jacobus: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226

van der Heiden and Tas’s Contra Deductie: references to, 210, 218, 219, and 248

Hertog, Jan, the Company’s master gardener: is in charge of Vergelegen, 210

Hottentots: particulars concerning, 195 and 221; trade with by colonists is prohibited from 1658 to 1699, 191; is then thrown open by the directors, 192; but in 1703 is again forbidden, 196

Huguenot settlers: are sent out in small numbers until 1700, when the directors resolve not to send any more, 184

Huguenots: are in a difficult position in the countries that shelter them, 184

Synoptical Index.

Huising, Henning: in 1700 enters into the first contract to supply meat to the East India Company, 192; treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; is well treated by the directors, 246; further mention of, 247

Inducements to migrate to South Africa at the beginning of the eighteenth century, 185

Islands of Dina and Marseveen: search for, 188

Kalden, Rev. Petrus, clergyman of Capetown: is in possession of a farm, 216; is charged by the burghers with spending too much time on it and neglecting his duty, 222; is recalled by the directors, and in April 1708 leaves the colony, 247

Kolbe’s Caput Bonæ Spei: reference to, 173

van Loon, Rev. Hercules: in April 1700 becomes clergyman of Stellenbosch, 197; in June 1704 commits suicide, 199

Louw, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229 and 242

Marauding band of Europeans and Hottentots: account of, 200

Mauritius, island of: is uninhabited when the Dutch East India Company sends a small party of men to take possession of it, 171

van Meerland, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226

Meresteyn, the: in April 1702 is wrecked on Jutten Island, when many lives are lost, 200

Meyboom, Nicolaas: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 227

Meyer, Pierre: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229

Natal: in 1705 an expedition is sent to, 201

Newlands garden: in 1700 is planted by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 191

van Niekerk, Cornelis: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Obiqua mountains: reason for being so called, 189

Historical Sketches.

du Pré, Hercules: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230, 232, and 242

Pretorius, Wessel: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226

van Rheede, Hendrik Adriaan, lord of Mydrecht: is sent out by the directors with all the powers of a dictator to correct abuses in Hindostan and Ceylon, and has supreme authority conferred upon him while at the Cape, 177; from the 19th of April to the 16th of July 1685 he is in Capetown, 178; and three days before he leaves makes a grant to Commander Simon van der Stel of the farm Constantia at Wynberg as a reward for his good conduct, 179

Roman Catholics: position of in the Cape Colony under the Dutch government, 182

Rotterdam, Jan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 226; account of his return from banishment, 233

Saar’s Account of Ceylon: extract from, 174

de Savoye, Jacob: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 229

Scarcity of timber and fuel at the Cape in 1699: mention of, 187

Seasons, the: from 1698 to 1705 are unfavourable for farming, 204

Sheep’s wool: efforts to produce in South Africa in the beginning of the eighteenth century, 203

Silk: experiment in the production of, 204

Slaves: are being introduced from Madagascar and Mozambique, 205

Spoelstra’s Bouwstoffen voor de Geschiedenis der Nederduitsch-Gereformeerde Kerken in Zuid Afrika: reference to, 217

van Staden, Martin: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Starrenburg, Jan, landdrost of Stellenbosch: conduct of, 224; by order of the directors he is dismissed from office and sent out of the colony, 243

van der Stel, Adriaan: in 1623 goes to India in the service of the Dutch East India Company, 171; in 1638 becomes commander of the island of Mauritius, ib.; becomes next a military commander, and in that capacity is sent to Ceylon, 172; on the 19th of May 1646 falls in battle with a Cingalese army, when nearly his whole force is destroyed, 173

Synoptical Index.

van der Stel, Frans, farmer at the Cape and younger brother of the governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel: makes himself greatly disliked by the burghers, 217; is required by the directors to leave the colony, and in April 1708 embarks for Europe, 248

van der Stel, Simon: on the 14th of November 1639 is born at Mauritius, 172; at a very early age is sent to Amsterdam to be educated, 175; is regarded as their protégé by the directors of the East India Company, ib.; when grown up marries and becomes the father of six children, ib.; in 1679 is offered the situation of commander of the Cape settlement, which he gladly accepts, and in October of that year assumes the duty, 176; like all the chief officials he is prohibited from carrying on farming operations or speculating in cattle, ib.; he must be regarded as a model ruler, 177; in 1691 he is promoted to be governor, and in 1692 to be councillor extraordinary of Netherlands India, 179; in February 1699 retires from office, and is succeeded by his eldest son, 180; on the 24th of June 1712 dies at Constantia, ib.

van der Stel, Willem Adriaan: in February 1699 succeeds his father as governor of the Cape Colony and councillor extraordinary of Netherlands India, 180; has previously held various situations in the colony, 187; in November 1699 sets out on a tour of inspection of the settlement, 188; makes large profits by dealing in wine, 207; in February 1700 obtains an illegal grant of four hundred morgen of ground at Hottentots-Holland from the Commissioner Wouter Valckenier, 208; which farm he names Vergelegen, 210; and immediately begins to build upon and cultivate it, ib.; using the Company’s materials and servants for the purpose, ib.; until it becomes the most highly tilled ground in the colony, 211; beyond the mountains he holds an immense tract of country, on which he keeps a great number of horned cattle and sheep, 212; the utmost care is taken that no information of these matters reaches the directors, ib.; on the 15th of March 1701 the directors instruct him to be on guard, as war with France is imminent, ib.; which order he disobeys by frequent and long absence at Vergelegen, 215; in 1705 some of the farmers send a complaint against him to the Indian authorities, 219; which is sent back to him for explanation, 220; on receiving it he immediately concludes that similar charges will be sent to the directors and that his farming operations will become known to them, 223; to prevent this, if possible, he resorts to the most arbitrary and violent measures, 224; at this very time a commission in Amsterdam is making inquiry into his conduct, 234; and a committee appointed by the directors is devising measures for the security of the Cape settlement in case Vergelegen should not be a myth, 235; the commission of inquiry investigates the matter very thoroughly, and sends in a report, 237; in accordance with which the directors issue orders for the immediate recall of the governor and the other unworthy officials, 241; in April 1708 he leaves the colony, 247; after his dismissal from the Company’s service he publishes the Korte Deductie, as the best excuse he can make for his conduct, 248; he purchases an estate in the Netherlands, and in July 1723 dies there, 250

Historical Sketches.

van der Stel’s Korte Deductie: references to, 210, 211, 212, 214, and 248

Stellenbosch: is founded under Simon van der Stel’s supervision, 177; defiant conduct of the residents, 231

System of the Dutch East India Company of paying its officials: is a very bad one, 176

Tas, Adam: draws up a memorial to the directors, complaining of the governor, 220; is illegally arrested and committed to prison, 225; further particulars of the treatment accorded to him, 229 and 242; journal of, 183

Text of the orders of the directors of the 26th of April 1668 prohibiting the high officials in the settlement from farming land or dealing in cattle, 179

Text of the order of the directors of the 27th of June 1699 again prohibiting the chief officials from trading in cattle, 192

Text of the resolution of the directors on the 22nd of June 1700 concerning emigrants, 185

Text of the instructions of the directors to the governor on the 15th of March 1701 to be on his guard against an attack by the French, 213

Text of the orders of the directors on the 28th of October 1705 reiterating their previous commands that the officials should not traffic in cattle, 210

Text of the resolution of the assembly of seventeen on the 8th of March 1706, 235

Theal’s Abstract of the Debates and Resolutions of the Council of Policy at the Cape from 1651 to 1687: reference to, 187

Theal’s Belangrijke Historische Dokumenten over Zuid Afrika: references to, 174, 178, 180, 185, 235, 237, 239, and 250

Timber and fuel: scarcity of in 1699 at the Cape, 187

du Toit, François: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

Synoptical Index.

du Toit, Guillaume: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230, 232, and 242

Traffic of any kind in cattle is prohibited on the 27th of June 1699 to the chief officials in the colony, 185

Training of the colonists, 193

Treaty of Utrecht: reference to, 213

Tulbagh Basin: in November 1699 is inspected by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 189; description of the basin, ib.; receives from the governor the name Land of Waveren, 190; in 1700 begins to be occupied, ib.

Valckenier, Wouter: when returning from India to Holland acts as a commissioner at the Cape, 208; and illegally makes a grant of land to the governor, 209; is a member of the commission that condemns the governor for having obtained Vergelegen in an improper manner, 239

Valentijn’s Oud en Nieuw Oost Indien: reference to, 173

Vergelegen: is illegally obtained by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 209; the ground is resumed by the East India Company, 244; is divided into four farms, which are sold separately, 247

War of the Spanish Succession: reference to, 213

Waveren outstation: in 1700 is formed, 190

van der Westhuizen, Nicolaas: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 227

Witsenberg: is so named in honour of Nicolaas Witsen, of Amsterdam, 190

Wool; see Sheep’s wool

Wynoch, Christiaan: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 227

van Zyl, Willem: treatment of by Governor Willem Adriaan van der Stel, 230

SKETCH IV.

Albany: settlement of the district of, 255

Barbarians: effect of the influx into the Cape Colony of, 258

Battle in which the army of Natal under English chiefs is almost annihilated, 291

Historical Sketches.

Betshuana refugees: can give very little information upon the interior of the country, 265

Betshuana tribes: destruction of in the wars of Moselekatse, 258

Bird’s Annals of Natal: reference to, 293

du Buis, Coenraad, a notorious freebooter: account of, 270

Cape Colony: extent of in 1835, 255

Causes of the great emigration from the Cape Colony: as given by Louis Triegard, 273; as given by Pieter Uys, 281

Chase’s Natal Papers: reference to, 281

Destruction of human life in the wars of Tshaka and Moselekatse: leaves great tracts of land without inhabitants, 262

Discontent in South Africa in and before 1835: causes of, 257

D’Urban, Sir Benjamin, governor of the Cape Colony: the confidential correspondence of is presented by his grandson to the Union government, 259

Dutch and English colonists: difference in disposition of, 255

Dutch language: the suppression of in the public offices and in the courts of law is felt as a grievance by the old colonists, 258

English and Dutch colonists: difference in disposition of, 255

Englishmen: in 1835 some forty are living in Natal, 263; list of their names, 264; in June 1835 fourteen of them send a petition that the territory may be annexed by Great Britain, ib.; in March 1836 Lord Glenelg replies refusing to annex Natal, ib.

Fingoes, the: are brought by Sir Benjamin D’Urban from Kaffirland and located in Peddie, 260

Futu, Bantu chief: particulars concerning, 264

Gardiner’s Narrative of a Journey to the Zoolu Country in South Africa: reference to, 264

Geslacht Register de Oude Kaapsche Familien: reference to, 278

Glenelg, Lord, secretary of state for the colonies: maintains that the colonists are to blame for the Kaffir war of 1835, and abandons the Province of Queen Adelaide, 262

Glenelg system of dealing with the Kaffirs: particulars concerning, 262

Grahamstown: description of, 257

Synoptical Index.

Hottentots: injudicious treatment of, 257

Influx of barbarians into the Cape Colony: effect of, 258

Invasion of the Cape Colony by the Xosas in December 1834: particulars concerning, 260

Isaacs’ Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa, with a Sketch of Natal: reference to, 264

Jacobs, Pieter: is leader of the fifth party of emigrants from the Cape Colony, 277

Jalusa, a Xosa robber captain: moves to the country north of the Orange river, 267; in September 1836 his entire band is exterminated by the Basuto, ib.

Kaffir War of 1835: origin of the volume so called, 259; reference to, 279

Land tenure: the new system is not appreciated at first by the cattle farmers, 258

Maritz, Gerrit Marthinus: is leader of the third party of emigrants from the Cape Colony, 275

Matiwane, chief of the Amangwane: drives a section of the Tembu tribe into the Cape Colony, 258

Missionary and philanthropic press: tone of, 259

Moselekatse: effect of the wars of, 258

Natal: description of, 263; number of Bantu residing in 1835, 264; condition of the emigrant farmers in after the massacres by the Zulus, 290

Potgieter, Andries Hendrik: is leader of the second party of emigrants from the Cape Colony, 275; after the massacres by the Zulus goes with his men to the assistance of the distressed people in Natal, 290; with Pieter Uys marches into Zululand to attack Dingan, 292; on the 11th of April 1838 encounters a great Zulu army, and is compelled to retire, ib.; shortly afterwards leaves Natal and returns to Winburg, 294

Preller’s Piet Retief, Lewenskets van die Grote Voortrekker: reference to, 288

Province of Queen Adelaide: is created by Sir Benjamin D’Urban, 260; is abandoned by Lord Glenelg, 262

Historical Sketches.

van Rensburg, Jan: is leader of a small party of emigrants from the Cape Colony, 268; in July 1833 leaves Louis Triegard’s party at the Zoutpansberg to open up a road to Delagoa Bay, 269; and with every individual in his company is murdered by blacks on the journey, ib.

Resolutions adopted by Pieter Uys and those who agree with him, asserting independence of Mr. Retief, 283

Retief, Pieter: is leader of the fourth party of emigrants from the Cape Colony, 275; in June 1837 is installed as governor and commandant-general of his own party and the one under Maritz, 276; on the 21st of July 1837 writes to Sir Benjamin D’Urban desiring that the emigrants may be acknowledged as an independent people, 286; in October 1837 goes over the Drakensberg into Natal, 285; on the 6th of February 1838 is murdered with all his companions at Dingan’s kraal, 280

Sekwati, chief of the Bapedi: mention of, 272

Settlement of the Cape Colony by Europeans: slow progress of, 255

Slaves in the Cape Colony: hasty emancipation of, 257

Smit, Erasmus: reference to the journal of, 275

Smith, G. C. Moore, Esqre., M.A.: assistance rendered by, 260

Tembu tribe: a section of is driven by the Amangwane under Matiwane into the Cape Colony, 258

Triegard, Louis: family history of, 266; in June 1834 he moves from the district of Somerset to the bank of the White Kei river beyond the colonial border, ib.; where about thirty emigrant families are then residing, 267; here all his slaves run away, ib.; he is believed by the British officials on the frontier to have induced the Xosas to persevere in the war against the colony, ib.; he moves northward with the notorious robber captain Jalusa, ib.; in September 1835 crosses the Orange river, and then with a number of other emigrants travels onward to the Zoutpansberg, 268; which he reaches in May 1836, ib.; account of his residence there until August 1837, when he and his party leave for Delagoa Bay, 271; they encounter great difficulties on the way, 272; but in April 1838 reach Lourenço Marques, 273; where they are received with great kindness by the Portuguese, ib.; but are attacked by fever, from which in course of time nearly the whole party, including Triegard himself, dies, ib.; in July 1839 the remnant of the party is rescued and taken to Natal, 274

Tsetse fly: destructive nature of, 272

Tshaka: effect of the wars of, 258

Synoptical Index.

Umnini, petty Bantu chief: particulars concerning, 263

Uys, Pieter Lavras: particulars concerning the family of, 278; personal character of, 279; in 1834 visits and inspects Natal, 265; is leader of the sixth party of emigrants from the Cape Colony, 277; travels northward over the Orange river, with the intention of crossing the Drakensberg into Natal, 280; on the 7th of August 1837 writes to Sir Benjamin D’Urban, stating the causes of the emigration, ib.; he assumes an attitude of independence as regards Mr. Retief, 283; in October 1837 joins Commandant Potgieter in the campaign in which the Matabele are driven far to the north, 286; in December 1837 visits Natal again, 289; in February 1838 is in the present Orange Free State when tidings of the fearful massacres by the Zulus reach him, ib.; he immediately collects his men and goes down into Natal to the assistance of the distressed people there, ib.; with Commandant Potgieter marches into Zululand to attack Dingan, 292; on the 11th of April 1838 is drawn into an ambuscade and is almost surrounded by a great Zulu army, ib.; when attempting to retreat is killed with nine others, 293

Uys, Dirk Cornelis: heroic death of, 293

Voigt’s Fifty Years of the History of the Republic in South Africa: reference to, 286

Xosa invasion of the Cape Colony in December 1834: particulars concerning, 260

THE END PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.

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