Part 2 — INDEX

Abyssinian Baptist Church (New York), 44 Africa Akbar brings promise of help from, 100, 101 culture of matrilineal society, 37 political institutions, 36-37 religion, 37-39 knowledge of history of, 67-68 languages of, 36, 37 Malcolm X in, 71-72, 152 nationalism in, 184-86 African Methodist Episcopal Church, 44 African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, 44 Airplane crash (1962), 206 Al-Azhar University Akbar Muhammad at, 97, 98 Elijah Muhammad at, 142 Alcohol, Malcolm X and, 58 Ali, John X, 84, 100, 104 administrative ability of, 93, 95 Allah as black, 25-26, 62-63, 163-64 divine plagues of, 145 Elijah Muhammad as Messenger of, 54, 70, 132, 133, 135, 166, 169-71 as last Messenger, 111, 129 promised in Old Testament, 165 See also Muhammad, Elijah Fard as Prophet of, 54 See also Fard, W. D. has no “son,” 123-24 Islam as religion of, 113 a live God, 25, 125-28 Paradise of, 167 rebellion of Yakub against, 63-65, 71 Allen, Richard, 43-44 And Then We Heard the Thunder (novel), 46 Anti-Semitism Black Muslims and, 72-73, 201 Christianity and, 73-75 Arabic language in Black Muslim services, 21 taught in University of Islam, 83 used by Akbar Muhammad, 98-99 Armageddon, Battle of, 22, 31, 79, 201 Muhammad’s teachings about, 55 “As-Salaam-Alaikum,” 21 Atlanta, Ga., 86 “Atlanta Speech” of Elijah Muhammad, 71, 109-29 Atlanta University, Malcolm X’s speech at, 70, 159-71 Attucks, Crispus, 68 Baldwin, James, 77, 79, 199 Bannaker, Benjamin, 68 Baptist Church attacks slavery, 42 Negro churches founded, 43, 44 Bean pie, 20 Belafonte, Harry, 199 Bennett, Lerone, Jr., 36, 37 Bergson, Henri, 37 Bible Fard’s use of, 48, 50 quoted by Elijah Muhammad, 119 quoted by Malcolm X, 143, 163-70, 193 as theological basis of Negro’s “inferiority,” 44-45, 59, 121 See also Christianity “Big Red,” see Malcolm X Birmingham, Ala., 29, 208 Black Muslim policy toward 1963 demonstrations, 85-87, 90 temple in, 21 Black, God as, 25-26, 62-63, 163-64 Black Bourgeoisie, 190-91 Black men must become fearless, 111, 120, 122 by nature good, 22 as original men, 62-65, 113-15 as so-called Negroes, 115-16, 162-63 See also Negroes Black Muslim movement “Americanized,” 131 business activities of, 79-80 restaurants, 19-20, 79, 80 converts to, 30-31 “crisis system” of, 34 dietary laws of, 80 filthiness of pork, 27, 117 restaurants, 19-20 in teachings of Fard, 48 do not preach violence, 203-4 dress of, 19, 78 Akbar’s sheet, 66 education by, see Muslim Girls Training Class; Universities of Islam finances of, 79 fund-raising, 82 Fruit of Islam, see Fruit of Islam, The future of, 95-106 successor to Muhammad, 104-6 history of, 35, 47-58 Chicago headquarters set up, 58 Fard disappears, 53-54 founded by Fard, 48-51 Japanese proselytization, 54 Malcolm X joins movement, 55-58 Muhammad and Fard, 52-54 Jews and, 72-73, 201 lawsuits of, 82 ministers of Chief Minister of Islam, 52 Fruit of Islam and, 81-82 supervise restaurants, 79 morality of, 58, 80-81, 153 Negro unity and Akbar Muhammad’s speech, 99-103 belief that Negro Revolt will fail, 92, 96, 207-9 Birmingham policy, 85-87, 90 Malcolm X’s “unity speech,” 149-58 value of Black Muslims to Negro Revolt, 87 number of members, 18 opposing factions in Akbar and Malcolm X, 102-3 Muhammad vs. Detroit faction, 53, 54 “New York-Chicago” cleavage, 94-95 orthodox Moslems and, see Moslems politics and in Malcolm X’s “unity speech,” 154-55 possible future policy, 96-97 voting by Black Muslims, 91, 180, 210 punishments in, 80 racial teachings of, 201-2 opposition to race-mixing, 156, 178, 191, 198-99 orthodox Muslim objections, 70-71 separation does not mean being anti-white, 132, 181, 188-89 radio programs of, 84 as a religion, 17, 59-78 The Sacred Ritual of the Nation of Islam, 51 theology, 62-65, 71 why it is a religion, 76-78 See also Allah; Black men; Muhammad, Elijah—teaching of; White men sacrificial killing in, 52-53 services of, see “Teachings” in temples temples of, see Temples of Islam women in, 81 separated in temples, 20-21 See also Girls in Black Muslim movement Black Muslims in America, The, 12 Black supremacy not taught by Black Muslims, 132, 181 Blackboard in temples, 22 Blood, Drew discovers how to preserve, 68 Boston, Mass. Malcolm X’s speeches in, 130-48, 173 Negro Baptist church in, 44 Boston Massacre, 68 Breasted’s The Conquest of Civilization, 50 Business activities of Black Muslim movement, 79-80 temple restaurants, 19-20, 79, 80 Cairo, Egypt Malcolm X in, 71-72 See also Al-Azhar University Catholic Church, 43 anti-Semitism and, 73-74 Caucasian race, 136 See also White men Chicago, Ill. as headquarters of Black Muslims, 54, 94-95 Japanese activities in, 54 temple in, 52 University of Islam in, 54, 82-84 Christianity anti-Semitism and, 73-75 denunciations of, 27-29, 121-24, 139, 160-64 Catholic Church, 43, 73-74 “most segregated institution in America,” 28 Negro churches, 40-47 founded, 43-44 on plantations, 41-42 theology of Negro church, 45-46 theology of desegregation, 87-90 slavery and in West Africa, 38-39 See also Slavery theological justification of Negro “inferiority,” 44-45, 59, 121 Christine X, Sister, 83 Columbia University Jewish Graduate Club, 75 Communists, Black Muslims and, 55 Compassion in religion, 77-78 Concord, Mass., 58 Converts to Black Muslims, 30-31 CORE, 99 Crime, Black Muslims and, 18-19 “Crisis system” of Black Muslims, 34 Cross, Dr. Lonnie, 159 Cuba, 183-84 Davis, Sammy, Jr., 74 Dawud, Imam Talib Ahmad, 69 “Deaf, dumb, and blind,” 31, 117 Malcolm X’s speech, 26-28 Desegregation Black Muslim opposition to, 90-92 “Brotherhood” vs. “integration,” 155-56 “integration with God,” 202 “token integration,” 144-46, 200-1, 210-11 See also Separation of black man of schools, 144-46, 200, 208 theology of, 87-90 Detroit, Mich. faction vs. Muhammad in, 53, 54 Fard in, 47-53 segregation in 1930s in, 47, 50 University of Islam in, 51, 82 Dietary laws of Black Muslims, 80 filthiness of pork, 27, 117 restaurants and, 19-20 in teachings of Fard, 48 “Divide and rule,” 141 Door-to-door salesmen, 80 Drew, Dr. Charles, 68 Education by Black Muslims, see Muslim Girls Training Class; Universities of Islam Elijah Muhammad, see Muhammad, Elijah Emancipation Proclamation, 208 Evans, Clara (Mrs. Elijah Poole), 52 Evil scientist experiments of Yakub, 63-65 not supported by orthodox literature, 71 moon blown up by, 71, 114 Fard, W. D., 47-54 arrested, 53 birthday of, 54 disappears, 53 founds Black Muslims, 48-51 legends about, 49 literature of, 50-51 Muhammad and, 52-54 as Prophet of Allah, 54 Farmer, James, 96 Fear shown by so-called Negroes, 111, 120, 122 Federation of Islamic Associations, 70 Finances of Black Muslims, 79 fund-raising, 82 Franklin, John Hope, 38, 39, 43 Frazier, E. Franklin, 40 “Black Bourgeoisie” of, 190-91 “Freedom, Justice, and Equality” (slogan), 22, 117, 166 Freedom movement, see Negro Revolt Freemasonry, 50, 124 Fruit of Islam, The, 81-82 at “Atlanta Speech,” 110 authority over, 80-81, 105 as honor guard, 24, 81 investigates converts, 30 organized by Fard, 51, 52 separate temple services of, 81 in temple services, 21, 29 watches members, 80 Garvey, Marcus, 56 Ghana, kingdom of, 38 Girls in Black Muslim movement The Muslim Girls Training Class, 51, 81-82 in University of Islam, 83 God Mays’ doctoral thesis on, 46 in primitive religion, 60-61 West African concept of, 37 See also Allah “Good Ship Jesus, The,” 39, 120 Haley, Alex, 12, 57, 66 Ham, Negroes as descendants of, 44-45, 59 Hansberry, Lorraine, 199 Harlem, see New York City Harvard University, Malcolm X’s speech at, 130-48 Hausa people, 38 Hawkins, John, 120 Henry X, Minister, 23 Herskovits, Melville J., 36 Hicks, James, at Hinton incident, 33, 34 Hinton, Johnson, 32-34 History of Negroes knowledge of, 67-68 taught at University of Islam, 83-84 See also Negroes “Honorable Elijah Muhammad,” not used in Akbar’s speech, 101 Horne, Lena, 199 Integration, see Desegregation Intermarriage, 156, 178, 191, 198-99 “Invisible Institution,” 41 Islam Nation of, see Black Muslim movement in teaching of Muhammad, 113 James X, Minister, 29 in Birmingham crisis, 86 Jamestown, Va., landing of slaves at, 39 Japanese attempts to proselytize Black Muslims, 54 Jazz in temples, 22 Jehovah’s Witnesses, 50 Jeremiah X, Minister, 100, 111, 112, 159 and Birmingham crisis, 86, 90 Jesus, 134-35 advocated separation, 193-94 Allah has no “son,” 123-24 Jews Black Muslims and, 72-73, 201 ethnic exclusiveness of, 74-75 John XXIII and, 73-74 John X Ali, 84, 100, 104 administrative ability of, 93, 95 John 17X, 31 John XXIII, Pope, and Jews, 73-74 Johnson X, 32-34 Jones, Absalom, 43 Joseph X, Captain, 81, 100 Kennedy, Robert, 199 Kenyatta, Jomo, 154 Killens, John Oliver, And Then We Heard the Thunder, 46 King, Martin Luther, 88, 96, 97 Akbar calls for peace with, 99 Malcolm X on, 85-86, 99, 203-4, 208 Koran, see Quran Ku Klux Klan, 66, 86 “Atlanta Speech” and, 109 burn down Malcolm X’s home, 56 Languages of African Negroes, 36, 37 See also Arabic language Lansing, Mich., Malcolm X, in, 56 Lawson, James, Jr., 88-89 Lawsuits of Black Muslims, 82 Liele, George, 43 Lincoln, C. Eric, 30, 63 The Black Muslims in America, 12 on Fard, 47-50 “Linnaean Web,” 45 Little, Malcolm, see Malcolm X Los Angeles, Calif., temple in, 67 Lottie X, Sister, 81 Louis X, Minister, 100 “The White Man’s Heaven Is the Black Man’s Hell,” 21 McGowan, Police Capt., 33, 34 “Make it plain,” 23-24, 27 Make-up among Muslim women, 81 Malcolm X, Minister at Akbar’s New York speech, 98, 101-2 brother of, 80 converted to Black Muslims, 58 described, 24 early life of childhood, 56-57 in underworld, 57-58 Elijah Muhammad and, 31, 55-56, 58, 79, 92-95, 109 Malcolm describes Muhammad, 169-70 Malcolm in Middle East, 71-72 Malcolm warms up crowd, 23, 110 Malcolm’s only deviation from Muhammad, 105-6, 209-10 in Hinton incident, 33-34 historical knowledge of, 67-69 Lomax’ interview of, 197-211 Negro unity and Birmingham policy, 85-87 calls for Negro unity, 149-58 Negro Revolt will fail, 91-92, 207-9 vilifies Negro leaders, 85-86, 99, 101, 203-4 as New York minister, 20, 94 orthodox Moslems and, 70, 135-36, 141-43, 159-60, 164-65 Black Muslims as part of world community, 131-32 Persian Moslems, 66-67 as possible Congressional candidate, 97, 210 probably not Muhammad’s successor, 104-6 on radio and TV, 84 “restored” name of, 79 as St. Paul of Black Muslims, 17 speeches of, 173 Atlanta University, 70, 159-71 Harvard University, 130-48 Queens College, 172-78 at “unity rally,” 149-58 Yale University, 179-95 in temple services, 24-28, 62-63 as Washington minister, 94 on white man as devil, 19, 24-25, 62-63, 68-69, 76-77, 199-200 Marshall, Thurgood, 144 Masons, 50, 124 Mays, Dr. Benjamin E., 46 Mboya, Tom, 154 Mecca Masons and, 124 Muhammad’s pilgrimage to, 69-73 Melle, kingdom of, 38 Messenger of the Prophet of Allah, 54, 70, 132, 133, 135, 166, 169-71 as last Messenger, 111, 129 promised in Old Testament, 165 See also Muhammad, Elijah Methodist Church attacks slavery (1784), 42 Negro Methodism founded, 43-44 Milan, Mich., Muhammad in prison in, 54-55 Mohammedanism, see Moslems Moon blown up by evil scientist, 71, 114 Mormon Church, Negroes in, 59 Moses, 134-35 Muhammad as modern-day, 205 Moslems in Africa, 38 Black Muslims and, 66 Akbar Muhammad’s speech, 100-3 doctrinal differences, 70-71 Malcolm X’s attacks on, 70, 135-36, 141-43, 159-60, 164-65 Muhammad’s pilgrimage, 69-73, 142-43 orthodox Muslims in U.S., 69-70 as part of world community, 111, 112, 131-32, 140 Persians refused entry into temple, 66-67 recognized by hajj committee, 69-73 Mosques, see Temples of Islam Mother Bethel, 44 Mr. Muhammad Speaks, 80, 84 circulation of, 172 reports speeches of Malcolm X, 172-74 responsibility for, 95 Muhammad (the Prophet), 135 Muhammad, Akbar, 94 in Arabic dress, 66 increased influence of, 97-98 New York speech of, 98-103 as possible successor to Elijah Muhammad, 104-6 Muhammad, Elijah arrests of draft registration, 54-55 University children, 54 “Atlanta Speech” of, 71, 109-29 becomes Chief Minister, 52 Birmingham crisis and, 86 Fard and, 52-54 goes to Chicago, 52-54 Malcolm X and, see Malcolm X manner of preaching of, 55 as Messenger of Allah, 54, 70, 132, 133, 135, 166, 169-71 as last Messenger, 111, 129 promised in Old Testament, 165 in Phoenix, 94-95 pilgrimage to Mecca of, 69-73, 142-43 probable successor to, 104-6 teaching of, 110-29 Allah, 113, 123-25 black men should become fearless, 111, 120, 122 Christianity, 121-24 former criminals, 18 history of black man, 113-18 Japanese in World War II, 54, 55 knowledge of self, 18, 50, 116-17 separate state, 91 white man, 55, 125-28 why Islam has not made progress, 113 Yakub, 63-65 Muhammad, Elijah, Jr., 94, 99 as businessman, 79 Muhammad, Wallace, 106 Music in temples, 21-22 Muslim Brotherhood USA, 69 Muslim Girls Training Class, The, 81-82 established by Fard, 51 Muslims, see Black Muslim movement; Moslems NAACP, 44, 99, 144, 173 sponsors debates with Malcolm X, 179-80 Nashville, Tenn., sit-ins in, 88-89 Nation of Islam, see Black Muslim movement “Negro” Malcolm X’s discussion of, 162-63 Muhammad’s discussion of, 115-16 Negro Revolt Akbar Muhammad’s speech and, 99-103 belief that it will fail, 92, 96, 207-9 1963 Birmingham crisis, 85-87, 90 Malcolm X’s speech for, 149-58 value of Black Muslims to, 87 Negroes in Africa languages, 36, 37 matrilineal society, 37 political institutions, 36-37 religion, 37-39 Americanization of, 39-40 “do not desire integration,” 190-91 history of, 67-68 taught in University of Islam, 83-84 “inferiority” of, 44-45, 59 intermarriage of, 156, 178, 191, 198-99 Japanese proselytization of, 55 political apathy of, 180, 187-88, 190-91 religion of, 40-47 “clergy-politician leadership,” 191 Negro churches founded, 43-44 on plantations, 41-42 theology of desegregation, 87-90 theology of Negro church, 45-46 slavery of Christianity and, 38-42 Malcolm X’s discussion of, 137-39, 161-63, 208 Muhammad’s discussion of, 115-22 New York City Akbar Muhammad’s speech in, 98-103 Black Muslim rallies in, 62-63, 98-103 Malcolm X at Queens College, 172-78 Malcolm X in underworld of, 57-58 Negro churches organized in, 44 Temple Number Seven Hinton incident, 32-34 restaurant, 20 Nonviolence Malcolm X on, 203-4 See also King, Martin Luther Norris, Frank, 50 Number of Black Muslims, 18 Omaha, Nebr., 56 Paradise of Allah, 167 Paul, Rev. Thomas, 44 Pendulum of clock invented by Negro, 68 Petersburg, Va., Negro Baptist church organized in, 43 Philadelphia, Pa., Negro churches organized in, 43-44 Phoenix, Ariz., Elijah Muhammad in, 94-95 Pike, Bishop James, 74 Pittsburgh Courier, 63 Police arrest Fard, 53 in Hinton incident, 32-34 lawsuits against, 82 mentioned in “Atlanta Speech,” 109, 112-13, 115 See also Muhammad, Elijah—arrests of Politics Black Muslims and in Malcolm X’s “unity speech,” 154-55 possible future policy, 96-97 voting by Black Muslims, 91, 180, 210 “clergy-politician leadership,” 191-92 political apathy of Negro, 180, 187-88, 190-91 Poole, Elijah, see Muhammad, Elijah Pork, see Dietary laws of Black Muslims Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 28, 44, 210 Prison Black Muslim proselytizing in, 18 Black Muslim services in, 17, 140 Elijah Muhammad in, 54-55 Malcolm X in, 58 Prophet of Allah, 54 See also Fard, W. D. Protestants, see Christianity Punishment of Black Muslims, 80 Queens College, Malcolm X at, 172-78 Quran, 125, 166, 170 does not support Black Muslim teachings, 71 Fard’s use of, 50 Racism of Black Muslims, 201-2 opposition to race-mixing, 156, 178, 191, 198-99 orthodox Muslim objections, 70-71 separation does not mean being anti-white, 132, 181, 188-89 See also Black men; White men Christianity and anti-Semitism, 73-75 in early American church, 42-44 theological justification for Negro “inferiority,” 44-45, 59 Radio programs of Black Muslims, 84 Rallies on street corners, 62-63 Religion of African Negroes, 37-49 of American Negroes, 40-47 “clergy-politician leadership,” 191 Negro churches founded, 43-44 on plantations, 41-42 theology of desegregation, 87-90 theology of Negro church, 45-46 Black Muslim movement as, 17, 59-78 The Sacred Ritual of the Nation of Islam, 51 theology, 62-65, 71 why it is a religion, 76-78 See also Allah; Black men; Muhammad, Elijah—teaching of; White men as closed network of believers, 73-76 compassion in, 77-78 as group experience, 60-61 See also Christianity Restaurants, temple, 19-20, 79, 80 Revolutionary War, 68 Richmond, Va., Negro Baptist church organized in, 43 Rutherford, Joseph F. “Judge,” 50 Sacred Ritual of the Nation of Islam, The, 51 Sacrificial killing, 52-53 St. Louis, Mo., Malcolm X in, 173 Sampson, Judge Edyth, 83 Savannah, Ga., Negro Baptist church organized in, 43 Saviour, 54 See also Fard, W. D. Scientists experiments of Yakub, 63-65 not supported by orthodox literature, 71 moon blown up by, 71, 114 as “Pharaoh’s Magicians,” 134 Searching of visitors to temples, 20 Segregation in Detroit of 1930s, 47, 50 of Negro church, 43-46 See also Desegregation “Self,” knowledge of, 18-19, 50, 116-17, 120, 155 Separation of black man, 22-23 advocated by Jesus, 193-94 does not mean being anti-white, 132, 181, 188-89 not mentioned in Akbar’s speech, 101 Old House will collapse, 137 a separate state, 90-92, 97, 137-48, 157-58, 175-78 usually objected to by orthodox, 71 Shabazz, Malcolm, see Malcolm X Shabazz, Tribe of, 115 Sharrieff, Raymond, 79, 95 after Muhammad’s death, 104-6 as head of The Fruit, 81 “Sheep,” 23 Shriners, 124 Silks and satins, 24, 211 sold by Fard, 47 “Slave” names, 30-31, 120-21, 163 Slavery Christianity and, 38-42 Malcolm X’s discussion of, 137-39, 161-63, 208 Muhammad’s discussion of, 115-22 Smith, Pastor Kelly Miller, 88-89 Smoking, Malcolm X and, 58 Songhay, kingdom of, 38 Spottswood, Dr. Stephen Gill, 44 Supreme Court outlawing of segregation, 144-46, 200, 208 Susu people, 38 Takahashi, Major, 54 Teachings of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, 51 “Teachings” in temples, 22-28 converts at, 30 “deaf, dumb, and blind” speech, 26-28 emotional effect of, 31 Fruit of Islam during, 21, 29 separate services for The Fruit, 81 warm-up for, 23-24, 110 Temple Number Two (Chicago), organized, 52 Temple Number Seven (New York) Hinton incident at, 32-34 Malcolm X as minister of, 20, 94 restaurant of, 20 Temples of Islam, 19-33 first (Fard’s), 48, 50-51 generally rented halls, 20 music in, 21-22 Persian Moslems refused entry to, 66-67 restaurants of, 19-20, 79 searching of visitors to, 20 seating arrangements in, 20-21 services in, see “Teachings” in temples “That’s right,” 21 Theology, see Christianity; Religion Thomas J., Minister, 100 Tillich, Paul, 17 Thresher (submarine), 206 Toynbee, Arnold, 90 Universities of Islam, 82-84 founded by Fard, 51 local authorities and, 54, 82 “University Speech” of Malcolm X, 70, 159-71 Van Loon’s Story of Mankind, 50 Violence not preached by Black Muslims, 203-4 Wallace, Mike, 70 Washington, D.C. Malcolm X as minister in, 94 Muhammad’s speech in, 23 White, William, 43 “White Man’s Heaven Is the Black Man’s Hell, The,” 21 White men Akbar Muhammad on, 100-1 created by Yakub, 63-64, 71 as devils Elijah Muhammad on, 55, 125-26 Malcolm X on, 19, 24-25, 62-63, 68-69, 76-77, 199-200 teaching condemned by orthodox, 71 Fard’s teachings on, 49, 50-51 by nature evil, 22, 63, 64 responsible for crime, 27, 152 to be destroyed, 55, 65-66, 126, 148, 204-6 See also Separation of black man Wilkins, Roy, 96, 97 Williamsburg, Va., Negro Baptist church in, 43 “Wolves,” 23 Women in Black Muslim movement, 81 separated from men in temple, 20-21 See also Girls in Black Muslim movement Woodrow, Minister, 100 “Word,” the, 31, 79, 201 See also Armageddon, Battle of Wright, Herbert, debates with Malcolm X, 179-80 “X,” as name, 30-31 Yakub, experiments of, 63-65 not supported by orthodox literature, 71 Yale University, Malcolm X at, 179-95 Yoruba people, 38 “You tell it like it is,” 21