OLEUM TEREBINTHINAE—OIL OF TURPENTINE Erroneously Called Spirits of Turpentine
Reading edition
Derivation.—A concrete oleo-resin from Pinus palustris Miller, and from other species of Pinus. The oil is distilled, usually by the use of steam, from the oleo-resin.
Habitat.—Southern United States, from Virginia to the Gulf of Mexico.
Properties.—A thin, colorless liquid, having a characteristic odor and taste. Soluble in three times its volume of alcohol; also soluble in an equal volume of glacial acetic acid.
Dose.—Carminative—Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 oz.; sheep and pigs, 1 to 4 dr.; dogs, 5 to 30 m. Best given in 8 to 10 times its bulk of cotton seed oil, linseed oil or milk. Anthelmintic—Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 oz.; sheep and pigs, 1⁄2 to 1 oz.; dogs, 1⁄2 to 4 dr. Diuretic—Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr.
PREPARATIONS
LINIMENTUM TERBINTHINAE—TURPENTINE LINIMENT
Composed of resin cerate, 650 parts; oil of turpentine, 350 parts; melt the resin cerate and add the oil of turpentine.
OLEUM TEREBINTHINAE RECTIFICATUM—RECTIFIED OIL OF TURPENTINE
Made by slaking oil of turpentine with an equal volume of Solution of Sodium Hydroxide, and distillation.
Properties.—A thin, colorless liquid, having the same properties as oil of turpentine and should be the one used for internal use.
DERIVATIVES OF TURPENTINE
TEREBENUM—TEREBENE
Made by the action of sulphuric acid on oil of turpentine and by distillation.
Properties.—A colorless, or slightly yellowish, thin liquid, having a rather agreeable thyme-like odor, and an aromatic, somewhat terebinthinated taste. Only slightly soluble in water, but soluble in three times its volume of alcohol.
Dose.—Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr.; dogs, 5 to 15 m. Dilute same as oil of turpentine.
TERPINI HYDRAS—TERPIN HYDRATE
The hydrate of the diatomic alcohol Terpin.
Derivation.—Rectified oil of turpentine, alcohol and nitric acid are mixed together in a shallow porcelain dish, and after three or four days terpin hydrate crystallizes out. The crystals are collected, drained, dried on absorbent paper and purified by recrystallization in alcohol.
Properties.—Colorless, crystals, odorless, having a somewhat bitter taste. Soluble in 200 parts of water, 10 parts of alcohol.
Actions.—Externally—Oil of turpentine is rubefacient, irritant and counter-irritant; vesicant if rubbed in or confined, also a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant; is absorbed by the unbroken skin.
Internally—Is diuretic, stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, hemostatic and anthelmintic; it is irritant, and large undiluted doses may cause gastro-enteritis and paralysis of nerve centers.
Uses.—In colic, both spasmodic and flatulent; for worms, give full doses, septic fevers; gangrene of the lungs; catarrhal conditions, pneumonia and bronchitis; as a diuretic, but others not as irritant are better.
For local gangrene remove the dead tissue and then apply the turpentine direct to the affected parts by means of absorbent cotton or cloth saturated with it; the offensive odor is removed and sloughing arrested. For tape worm it is given with oleo-resin of aspidium, in oil. As an inhalation in pulmonary diseases one-half ounce is added to three quarts of boiling water. In two drachm doses every three hours, if frequently, aborts suppuration in parotiditis of horses. In purpura haemorrhagica, turpentine is a valuable medicine as a vaso-motor stimulant and diuretic, given in two drachm doses every four hours with tincture chloride of iron and linseed oil.