INDEX

A Aborigines (138-150); various tribes, 138; character of, 139; ethics, 140; marriage, 141; warfare, 142; weapons, 143; burial, 143-4; superstitions, 144-5; question of cannibalism, 145-6; introduction of horses to, 147; hostility to whites, 147 Administration, 312-3. Agnes C. Donohoe, Canadian sealing-schooner, seized, 295 Agricultural societies, 259 Agriculture (See Estancias, Industries, Cereals); proportion of soil in cultivation, 331 Alfalfa, 205 Alvear, defeats Otorgues, 70; deposed by Thomas, 72 Amethysts, 235, 289 Aguirre, President, 121 Arachanes Indians, 150 Architecture, 193-4, 201, 208, 216 Argentina, provinces, occupied by Lopes, 122 Argentine, the, relations with Uruguay, 30, 63-4. See Buenos Aires, Rosas Artigas (78-96), central figure of the Revolution, 57; joins patriots, 58; defeats Spaniards at Las Piedras, 59; besieges Montevideo, 60; superseded in command, 61; heads exodus to Argentine, 63; insists on Uruguayan autonomy, 64; separates from Argentine, 65; elected President, 67; raises siege of Montevideo, is outlawed by Argentina, but raises revolt in provinces, 68; demands surrender of Montevideo, 69; ruler of Uruguay, 71; returns hostages to Thomas, 72; defeated by Brazilians, 75; declares war upon Buenos Aires, 75; deserted by leaders, 76; escapes to Paraguay, 77; history of, 78-96; character, 79-80; early life, 81-3; ruler of Uruguay, 88; expels Spaniards, 89; horrors committed in camp, 91; simplicity of manners, 91-4 B Banda Oriental, 27; subject to Artigas, 90 Barley, 285 Bathing-places, 167 Batlle, President, 123, 126 Beef Trust of United States, 280-1; attempt to capture South American refrigerating industry, 282 Belgrano, makes treaty with Portuguese, 64 "Blancos," or Whites, the, a political clan, 32; assassinate Flores, 123; assassinate Borda, 125; origin of term, 313, 314-5, 321-3 Bohanes Indians, 148 Borda, President, assassinated, 125 Brazil, relations with, 30-1; invades Uruguay in 1817, 75; annexes Uruguay, 77; alliance with Uruguay against Rosas, 117; sends troops to assist Flores, 120; alliance with Uruguay in Paraguayan War, 122 British: capital, 276; popularity of, 33; enterprise, 296-7; invade Uruguay and evacuate it, 55. See England. Brown, Admiral, destroys Spanish fleet, 68; destroys Uruguayan fleet, 114 Budget, the, 335 Buenos Aires, taken by British, 55; Junta of, 56; action of Government during revolution, 62, 64; refuses to recognise Congress of Uruguay, 67; evacuates Montevideo, 70, 71; sends forces against Artigas which revolt and depose Alvear, 72; offers to acknowledge Uruguayan independence in return for Transplatine provinces, 73 Bull-fighting, 133-4, 223-4 Burnett, Mr. Henry, British Vice-Consul, 203 Bustamente, President, 120 C Cabildo, official, 73 Cabot founds San Sebastian, 38 Campo, the, 72, 114, 175-7, 137, 237-45 Canaries, immigrants from, 48-9, 53 Canelones, 265 Caudillo, severity of, 74 Carlos II. of Spain, surrenders Colonia to Portugal, 42 Carlota, Queen of Portugal, 61 Casas, Padre de las, recommends introduction of negro slaves, 44 Cattle, introduced by Hernandarias, 40; superabundance of, 153, 247-8, 250, 254-264; census, 332; distribution of, 333 Cereals, 284-5 Changadores, or early buccaneers, 40 Charity, Commission of, 313 Charrúa Indians, kill de Solis, 37; destroy S. Sebastian, 38; attempt to sack Montevideo, 49; practically exterminated, 110, 139-47 Cheese, 175 Chilled meat. See Refrigerating Industry Cholera, 124 Civil War, 28; after War of Independence, 108; Rosas intervenes, 112; the French intervene, 113. See Revolution, Revolutions Climate, 272 Clubs, 158-9 Colón, 166 Colonia, foundation of, 42; in hands of Portuguese, 43; captured by Spanish, 44; given back to Portugal by Philip V., 44; besieged by Salcedo, 49; exchanged for Jesuit missions, 50; again becomes Portuguese, is retaken, and again falls to Portuguese, 51; captured by Ceballos, 53; siege of, during Revolution, 60 Colonia, department, 267 Colonia Suiza, 211-5 Colonies, 212-3, 220-244 "Colorados" or Reds, a political clan, 32; formation of, 120; origin of, 313, 314-5, 321-3 Communications, 296-308. See Railways, Shipping "Conciliation Ministry," the, 125 Constitution of Uruguay, 109, 311 Coronilla, seal islands, 294 Corrales, goldfields, 287 Costume, 180 Cuestas, 125 Culta, besieges Montevideo, 65 Customs revenue, 336 Customs service, 83 D Dairies, 214, 261 Darwin, discovers fulgurites at Maldonado, 203 Departments, 265; budgets of, 335 Diamonds, 288 Diaz, General, revolt of, 119; policy of, 120; second revolt and execution, 121 Dolores, taken by the Thirty-Three, 101 Domestics, 180-1 Durazno, department, 266 E Eden, 185 Education, 32, 165 Elio, appeals to Queen Carlota for help during siege of Montevideo, 61, 88 England, intervenes during Rosas' invasion, 116; exports to, 334; exports from, 334. See British. English colony, the, 159 Estancias, 246-53 Exports, 277, 329; general, 330; to England, 334 F Faeneros, early trafficking in hides by, 40 Fauna of Uruguay, 273-5 Ferdinand VI. of Spain, cedes northern Uruguay and the Missions to Portugal in return for Colonia, 50 Feuds, 137. See Politics, Revolutions Finance, a crisis, 124; increased cost of living, 131-2; English capital, 276; imports and exports, 277; the Budget, 335; special revenue, 336; principal sources of revenue, 336 Flores, Dictator, 120-1; assassinated, 123 Florida, department, 205 Football, 133 Foreigners, position of, 32 France, blockades Buenos Aires, 113; forms armistice with Rosas, 114; intervenes during invasion by Rosas, 116 Francia, Dictator of Paraguay, 77 Fray Bentos, 229 Frigorifica Uruguaya, 263 Frozen Meat trade, 263, 280-2 Fulgurites, 203 G Garay, Juan de, defeats Zapicán, 39 Garibaldi, as privateer, 114 Garro, de, Governor of Buenos Aires, expels Portuguese from Colonia, 42; removed from post and promoted, 43 Gauchos, 240-2, 251-3 Gems, 288-9 Giro, fourth President, 119 Gold, 287 Government, policy of, 35; established by Lavalleja, 104 Guarani Indians, 149 Guenoa Indians, 149 H Hares, 207 Herán, Padre, Jesuit, 49 Hernandarias, defeated by Charrúa Indians, 39; ships cattle and horses to Colonia to breed in wild state, 40 Hervidero, headquarters of Artigas, 90 Highways, 195-6 History, 37-127 Horses, introduced by Hernandarias, 40, 256, 258 Hotels, 159-60 I Immigration, modern methods in use in eighteenth century, 48 Imports, 277; commercial, 327; industrial, 328; value of, 329 Independence, War of, 28. See History, Revolutions Indians, Charrúas, 37; become carnivorous and equestrians, 42; campaign against, 43; rising crushed, 50; they resist treaty of 1750, 50. See Aborigines International troubles, 28 Irala orders Romero to settle Uruguay, 38 J Jesuits, in Uruguay, 50; expelled by Carlos III., 51 K Kennedy, Mr. R. J., British Minister Plenipotentiary, 34 L Landscape, of Uruguay, 173-5, 184-7, 197, 206-7, 222; of the Campo, 238-45, 251 Latorre, dictator, 124 Lavalleja, Juan Antonio, liberator of Uruguay, 98; head of the Thirty-Three, 99; takes Dolores, 100-2; besieges Montevideo with 100 men, 102; sets up Government, 103; General-in-Chief of Army of Liberation, 104; deposes Junta, 105; character as ruler, 108; turns upon Rivera, 109-110; enters Montevideo but is forced to retire; appointed President, the appointment is refused by Assembly, 110; takes refuge in Brazil, 111; supports Oribe, 112; death of, 117 Law, 312 Lemco, 229, 283 Liebig. See Lemco Livestock, census of, 255; cattle census, 332; distribution, 333; Lopes, Dictator of Paraguay, declares war upon Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina, 123 Lottery, 313 Luxury, Uruguayan free from common South American habit, 133 M Magellan, 38 Maldonado department, fulgurites in dunes of, 203, 270-1; mines and mineral products of, 288 Manners and customs, 128-137 Marriage, laws of, 312 Meat, dried, 261-2, 278-9. See Tasajo Meat, frozen. See Refrigerating Meat trade, the, 261-2, 278, 279, 280-2. See Beef Trust Mercedes, captured by Gauchos, 58, 205, 208-9; port of, 210 Minas, department, 271 Minuanes, Indians, 150 Monte Caseros, battle of, 117 Montevideo, city of, 46, 48-9; a Governor appointed, 50; seat of Viceroy after the revolution of Buenos Aires, 56; siege during revolution, 60, 62; a fresh siege, 64-5; capitulation, 68; occupied by Alvear, 70; evacuated, 70; entered by Otorgues, 71; captured by Brazilians, 75; besieged by the Thirty-Three, 103; entered by provisional Government, 106; in revolt, 110; the Nine Years' Siege, 114-5; revolution of 1851, 120; seized by the Colorados, 121; population of, 151; description of, 152-60; surroundings of, 161-2; port works, 304 Montevideo, department, 271 Moreau, French adventurer, 45 Museum at Montevideo, 157 Mutton, despised, 156 N National Assembly, confirms and then vetoes appointment of Lavalleja, 111 Negroes, first introduced into Uruguay, 44, 243; troops, 243; treatment of, in slavery, 245 O Oats, 285 Oribe, General, 108; second President, 111; deprives Rivera of command, 112; resigns upon intervention of France, 113; joins Rosas, 114, 120, 314 Ostentation, common South American failing, not found in Uruguay, 133 Ostrich, the, 275-6 Otorgues, enters Montevideo, 71; captured, 75 P Palomas, seal islands, 295 Pan de Azucar, 201 Pando, agricultural centre, 197-8 Paraguay, 28; appealed to during Revolution, 64; the Paraguayan War, 122-3 Paysandú, centre of meat industry, 32, 58, 321-2 Paysandú, department, 268 Pelota, 223 Pereira, President, 120-1 Philip V. cedes Colonia to Portuguese, 44 Pines, 203 Piracy in eighteenth century, 45 Piria, Señor, 199-200, 202 Piriapolis, 197 Plata, La, River Plate, delineation of boundaries, 34, 45 Police, 136-7 Politics, 311-23; conduct of revolutions, 316-17 Portuguese, rivalry of, with Spain, 38; founders of Colonia, 42; attempt to obtain Uruguay, 46; invade Rio Grande, 49; trouble with, 50-55; invade Uruguay during Revolution, 61; again invade Uruguay, 73. See Brazil Posts, Telegraphs, Telephones, 340-1 Prado, the, 162 Privateering, 45; Uruguayan privateers in European waters, 75; Garibaldi, 114 Progress, 36 R Race-meetings, 131 Railways, 176-80, 206-7, 297-308; companies and stock, 302, 308 Ramirez, deserts and defeats Artigas, 76 Ranchos, primitive, 177, 211 Rats, in Montevideo, 155 Real de San Carlo, 223 Refrigerating industry, 263, 280-2 Republican Constitution, the, 312 Revenue, tables of, 335-6 Revolutions: the War of Independence commences at Paysandú, 58; Portuguese intervention, 64; independence proclaimed, 71; independence recognised after expulsion of the Brazilians, 103; revolution of 1853, 119; military revolution of 1875, 124; lesser revolutions, 311-23 Rhodesia, 283 Rio Negro, department, 267 Rivera, department, 269; goldfields, 287-8 Rivera, General, joins the Thirty-Three, 102; jealousy of Lavalleja, 104; accused of treason and imprisoned, 105; attacked by Lavalleja, 109; elected President, 109; escapes from Lavalleja's attempt at capture, 110; chases Lavalleja into Brazil, 110; deprived of rank by Oribe, 112; returns to power assisted by French, 113; attacked by Oribe and defeated, 114; further defeat, 115; appointed as Minister to Paraguay, 116; return to power, 116; death, 117 Rivera, town, 193 Rondeau, defeats Portuguese, 55; at siege of Montevideo, 61, 65; made Governor, 108, 314 Rosario, 53 Rosas, Dictator of Argentina, 110; supports Lavalleja, 111-2; invades Uruguay, 113; armistice with French, 114; nine years' siege of Montevideo, 114; final defeat and flight, 117 S Saladeros, dried meat factories, 261 Salto, department, 268 Salto, town, 234 San José, 207 San Juan, department, 266 San Juan, estancia, 248-9 Santa Ana, 193-4 Santa Lucia, 207 Santos, 125 Seal fisheries, 291-5 Sheep, 258 Shipping, 308-9 Sierra de Mal Abrigo, 207 Slaves, introduction of, 44, 243, 245. See Negroes Solis, Juan Dias de, discoverer of Uruguay, killed by Indians, 37-8 Soriano, department, 267 Spain, turns attention to Uruguay, 38; during Revolution, 38-68; fall of Spanish power in Uruguay, 68; fall of Spanish power in America, 72; State Bank, 337-8 Steamer traffic. See Shipping. Suárez, 115 Swine, 258 Swiss Colony, 212 T Tacuarembo, department, 269 Tacuarembo, town, 187 Tajes, President, 125 Tambores, 178-9 Tasajo, dried meat, 261-2, 278-9 Tea-Garden Restaurant, 166-7 Theatres, 131 Thomas, General Alvarez, deposes Alvear and becomes Director of Buenos Aires, 72 Topaz, 235, 289 Trade, 277; exports, 277, 329; general, 330; to England, 334; table of increase, 326; comparative trade in 1908, table, 327; table of commercial imports, 327; value of, 331 Treinta y Tres, the "Thirty-Three," set out from Buenos Aires, 99; capture Dolores, 101; win over Rivera, 102; besiege Montevideo, 102; obtain general support, 103 Treinta y Tres, department, 270 Triumvirate, the abortive, 119 Tunnel, Bañada de Rocha, 191 U Urquiza, General, defeats Rivera, 115; defeats Rosas, 117 Uruguay: general description of, 27-36; history of, 37-127; manners and customs, 128-137; continued warfare in the past, 29; present conditions, 34; War of Independence, 38, et seq.; independence proclaimed, 71; evils of new regime, 71; partitioned, 73; invaded by Portuguese, 73; annexed to Brazil, 77; Lavalleja sets up National Government, 104; independence recognised, 105; alliance with France, 113; at mercy of Rosas, 116; alliance with Brazil and defeat of Rosas, 117; warlike history of, 126; life in, 138; landscape, 174-5; the Campo, 237-246; departments of, 265 Uruguayans, heroism of, 29; fighting qualities, 31; character as troops, 94-5; character of people, 128; hospitality and democratic feeling, 115, 130-3; physique of, 133; honesty, 136; sobriety, 137; types of, 181-90; a Paladin of the Campo, 190 V Varela, Dictator, 124 Vidal, President, 124-5 Vigodet, 65 Villa del Cerro, 168 Viticulture, 289-91 W War of Independence, 58. See Revolutions Water-stone, 235 Whale fishery, 54 Wheat, 278 Whitelocke, General, incapacity of, 55 Wild, A., dealer in gems, 289 Williman, President, 126 Wines, 289-291 Women, Uruguayan, 135, 180 Y Yaros Indians, 148 Z Zapicán, famous Indian chief, defeats Zarate, is defeated and killed by J. de Garay, 39 Zarate, founds a settlement, and is defeated by Zapicán, 39 Zavala, captures Montevideo, 47

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