INDEX.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, Z

Acid or alum springs, 109 Agate, 20, 21 localities, 21 value, 20 Alleghenies, 14 Alum, 21 localities, 21, 22 springs, 109 value, 21 American Flat group, silver mines, 136 Amethyst, 22 false, how made, 117 localities, 22 value, 22 Anthracite, 22, 23 localities, 23 value, 23 Antimony ore, 23, 24 localities, 23 value, 23 Artesian Wells, 111, 112 Artificial gold, how made, 125 jewelry, how made and detected, 114-125 Asbestus, 24 localities, 24 value, 24 Asphaltum, 24, 25 localities, 25 value, 25 Assay of copper ore, 100-102 gold ore, 95-98 iron ore, 102 lead ore, 103, 104 ores, 92-104 silver ore, 99, 100 tin ore, 102, 103 zinc ore, 102 Atlantic coast, 14 Azurite, 25 localities, 25 smelting, 101 value, 25 Baryta, localities, 26 or heavy spar, 26 value, 26 Bidwell, John, 130-132 Bituminous coal, 27 localities, 27 region, 14 Blende, 27, 28 localities, 28 value, 28 Blowpipe, 17 Bog iron ore, 29 localities, 29 value, 29 Boring, 83 Brazil, diamonds in, 84 Bristol stones, 114 Brittle silver ore, 30 localities, 30 value, 30 Brown coal, 30 localities, 30 value, 30 Brown Hematite or Limonite, 56, 57 Calamine, 31 localities, 31 value, 31 California diamonds, 114 discovery of gold in, 127-133 Cannel coal, 31, 32 localities, 32 value, 32 Cape May diamonds, 114 Carbonated or gas spring, 106, 107 Carnelian, 32 false, how made, 117 localities, 32 value, 32 Celestine, 32, 33 localities, 33 value, 33 Cerussite, 33 and Galena, reduction of, 103 localities, 33 value, 33 Chalybeate or iron springs, 107, 108 Chromic iron, 34 localities, 34 value, 34 Cinabar, 34, 35 localities, 35 value, 35 Clear Creek, Cal., gold in, 132 Coal, anthracite, 22 bituminous, 27 brown, 30 cannel, 31, 32 Cobalt pyrites, 35 localities, 33 value, 35 Coloma, Cal., discovery of gold there, 127 Colorado silver lodes, 89 Colors, distinction of minerals by, 12 Comstock Lode, 135-137 gold and silver produced from, 136, 137 Connecticut river valley, 14 Copper, 36 glauce, 36 localities, 36 value, 36 gray copper ore, assaying, 101 localities, 36 nickel, 37 localities, 37 value, 37 ore, assay of, 100-102 gray, 51 red, 65 red, assaying, 101 variegated, 78 ores, test for silver, 99 testing, 100-102 silver in, 101 percentage of in ores, which will pay, 101 pyrites, 37, 38, 90 localities, 38 smelting, 101 value, 38 searching for, 90 seldom in new formations, 90 silicate of, 70 smelting, 101 value, 36 where found, 14, 90 Corals, false, how made, 124 Descriptive list of useful minerals, 20-80 Diamond, 41 estimation of the value of, 86 imperfections of, 86 localities, 41 value, 41 Diamonds, characteristics of, 85, 86 colors of, 83 finest, 84 in Brazil, 84 in their native state, 83 mode of discovering in Brazil, 84 prospecting for, 83-87 where found, 87 Directions for determining specimens by the key, 15-19 Discovery of silver in Nevada, 134-137 Effervescence in minerals, 12 Eliason, Mr., 133 Emerald, false, how made, 116 to test, 118 Emery, 41, 42 localities, 42 value, 42 Epsom springs, 109, 110 False amethyst, how made, 117 carnelian, how made, 117 corals, how made, 124 False emerald, how made, 116 opal, how made, 117 pearls, how made, 124 ruby, how made, 116 sapphire, how made, 116 topaz, how made, 116 Feather river, Cal., gold in, 132 Fluor spar, 42 localities, 42 value, 42 Franklinite, 43 localities, 43 value, 43 Galena, 43, 44 and Cerussite, reduction of, 103 localities, 44 purest specimens poorest in silver, 91 value, 43 Garnet, 44, 45 localities, 45 the heaviest of gems, 118 to test, 118 value, 45 Gas springs, 106, 107 Gems, to test by weighing in water, 118 true and false, how to distinguish, 117-124 Glass, minerals which will not scratch, 16, 19 minerals which will scratch, 15, 18 Gold, 46-50 and platinum, washing for, 94, 95 and silver consumed in the arts in the United States, 137, 138 and silver, production of the United States, 137, 138 and silver where they abound, 14 artificial, how made, 125 bearing rock, 88 bearing sands, 88 extraction of, 93 Hill group, silver mines, 136 how distinguished, 89 imitation, how to detect, 125 in California, discovery of, 127-133 in California, first announcement of discovery, 132 in quartz rock, to find the amount of, 98 localities, 46-50 mine first worked in the United States, 133 ore, assay of, 95-98 searching for, 87-89 substances mistaken for, 89 testing any substance supposed to contain, 97 to separate from silver, 97 to test the purity of, 98 where found, 87-89 Granite regions, 14 Graphite, 50, 51 localities, 50, 51 to test the purity of, 104 value, 50 Gravity, mode of determination of, 12 Gray copper ore, 51 localities, 51 value, 51 Gypsum, 14, 52 localities, 52 value, 52 Heavy spar or baryta, 26 Hematite, brown, 56, 57 Horizontal beds, 82 Horn silver, 53 localities, 53 value, 53 Humphrey, Isaac, 128 Indications for minerals, 81 Irish Diamond, 114 Iron, chromic, 34 how it occurs, 94 ore, 14 assay of, 102 bog, 29 brown hematite, 56, 57 lenticular, 56 magnetic, 57, 58 magnetic, found by the compass, 91 micaceous, 62 red hematite, 65, 66 specular, 73, 74 pyrites, 53, 54 localities, 54 value, 53, 54 searching for, 91 spathic, 73 springs, 107, 108 testing minerals for, 91 Jackson, Captain Wm., 133 Jasper, 54 localities, 55 value, 55 Jewelry, artificial, how made and detected, 114-125 Kaolin, 55, 56 localities, 55 value, 55 Lead ore, assay of, 103, 104 to detect silver in, 99 searching for, 90 veins, thickest, 91 where found, 90 Lenticular iron ore, 56 localities, 56 value, 56 Limestone regions, 14 Limonite or brown hematite, 56, 57 localities, 57 value, 57 Magnesian springs, 109, 110 Magnetic, 12 iron ore, 57, 58 found by the compass, 91 localities, 58 value, 58 pyrites, 58, 59 localities, 59 value, 59 Malachite, 59, 60, 101 localities, 59, 60 value, 59 Manganese, oxyd of, 63, 64 spar, 60 localities, 60 value, 60 Marble, 60, 61 localities, 61 regions, 14 Marshall, Jas. W., discovery of gold in California by, 127-131 Metals, found near their source, 82 how they occur, 94 Mica, 61, 62 localities, 62 value, 62 Micaceous iron ore, 62 localities, 62 value, 62 Mineral riches, how discovered, 81 springs, 105-112 location of, 105 no indications of ores, 83 what are they, 105 Minerals as a source of our nation’s wealth, 9 descriptive list of, 20-80 regions which offer best inducements to search for, 14 sections of the United States, richest in, 14 species in the United States, how many, 11 specific gravity of, 12, 13 useful in the United States, 11 which will not scratch glass, 16, 19 which will scratch glass 15, 18 Mississippi Valley, 14 Money in the rocks, 9 Nickel, copper, 37 Nitre, 63 localities, 63 value, 63 Nodules, 82 Ochres, 91 Oil wells, 112, 113 Opal, false, how made, 117 the softest of colored gems, 118 Opaque minerals, 12 Ore on a hillside, indications of, 82 veins generally vertical, 82 when it will pay, 92 Ores, assay of, 92-104 minimum percentages of metal in which will pay, 93 Oxyd of Manganese, 63, 64 Pacific coast, 14 Panning, 94, 95 Paris brilliants, 114 Pastes, composition of, 115 Pearls, false, how made, 124 Platinum, 64 localities, 64 value, 64 washing for, 94, 95 Pockets, 82 Precious stones, color and order of hardness, 126 Prospecting for diamonds, 83-87 Pyrites, iron, 53, 54 cobalt, 35 copper, 37, 38, 90 magnetic, 58, 59 testing for gold, 96 yield of gold by, 97 Quartz mining in California, commencement of, 133 ores, yield of, 96 rock, to find the amount of gold in, 98 testing for gold, 95, 96 Quicksilver, use of in assaying, 96 Reading, Pearson B., 131 Read mine, first gold mine worked in United States, 133 Red copper ore, 65 localities, 65 value, 65 hematite, 65, 66 localities, 66 value, 65 silver ore, 66 localities, 66 value, 66 Rennselaerite, 67 localities, 67 value, 67 River sand, worth working for gold, 98 Rock crystal, 67 localities, 67 value, 67 salt, 68 localities, 68 suspected of containing silver, treatment of, 89 Rocky mountains, 14 Ruby, characteristics of, 85 false, how made, 116 spinel, 74 to test, 118, 123 Russia, gold how obtained in, 94 Rutile, 68 localities, 68 value, 68 Saline or salt springs, 109, 110 Salt springs, 110 Sapphire, false, how made, 116 the hardest of colored gems, 118 to test, 118 Searching for copper, 90 diamonds, 83-87 gold, 87-89 iron, 91 lead, 90 silver, 89, 90 Serpentine, 69 localities, 69 value, 69 Shaft, cost of sinking, 83 Silicate of copper, 70 localities, 70 smelting, 101 value, 70 Silver, 70, 71 and gold, consumption in the arts in the United States, 137, 138 and gold, production of the United States, 137, 138 glance, 71 localities, 71 reducing, 100 value, 71 horn, 53 in copper ores, 101 in lead and copper ores, 99 in lead ore, to detect, 99 to estimate the proportion of, 99, 100 in Nevada, 134-137 localities, 70 native gold in, 97 ore, assay of, 99, 100 brittle, 30 red, 66 ores, rich reduction of, 100 pure easily recognized, 99 searching for, 80, 90 to test a globule of for gold, 97 to test copper ores for, 99 where found, 89 Slate regions, 14 Smaltine, 72 localities, 72 value, 72 Smithsonite, 72 localities, 72 value, 72 Spar manganese, 60 Spathic iron, 73 localities, 73 value, 73 Specific gravity, mode of determination of, 12, 13 Specular iron ore, 73, 74 localities, 74 value, 74 Spinel ruby, 74 localities, 74 value, 74 Steatite, 75 localities, 75 value, 75 Stones, precious, color and order of hardness, 126 Strass for making false jewels, 115 Strontianite, 75, 76 localities, 76 value, 76 Sulphur, 76 localities, 76 springs, 108, 109 Testing minerals, 15-19 Thermal springs, 110, 111 Tin ore, 76, 77 assay of, 102, 103 localities, 77 value, 76 presence of, testing for, 103 Topaz, 77 characteristics of, 85 false, how made, 116 localities, 77 to test, 118, 120, 123 value, 77 Tourmaline, 77 localities, 77 to test, 123 value, 77 Translucent minerals, 12 Trap regions, 14 True and false gems, how to distinguish, 117-124 United States, consumption of gold and silver in the arts, 137, 138 gold and silver statistics of, 137, 138 Useful minerals, descriptive list of, 20-80 in the United States 11 Valuable minerals disguised, 10 Variegated copper ore, 78 localities, 78 value, 78 Veins, lodes and beds most valuable, 82 Virginia group, silver mines, 136 Wad, 78, 79 localities, 79 value, 78 Warm springs, 110, 111 Washing for gold and platinum, 94, 95 Washoe lake, silver mines near, 134 Wells, artesian, 111, 112 Willemite, 79 localities, 79 value, 79 Zincite, 79, 80 localities, 80 value, 79 Zinc ore, assay of, 102

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