INDEX
Reading edition
Accidents and Repairs in the Belgian Method, 152
Accidents in Tunnels:
After Construction, 308
Baltimore Belt Line, 165
Chattanooga Tunnel, 311
During Construction, 301
General Discussion, 301
Giovi Tunnel, 309
Repairing of, 304
Acetylene Gas Lighting, 334
Air Compressors, Description of, 87
Air Locks, 264-272
Air Pressure, 268
American Method:
General Description, 172
Excavation, 172
Strutting, 174
Hauling, 175
Arrangement of Drill Holes, 90
Artificial Ventilation, 327
Austrian Method of Tunneling:
Advantages and Disadvantages, 180
Excavation, 176
General Description, 176
Lining, 180
Strutting, 177
Average Progress in Tunnels, 342
Baltimore Belt Line Tunnel, General Description, 160
Barlow’s Shield, 242
Beach’s Shield, 246
Belgian Method:
Accidents and Repairs, 152
Advantages and Disadvantages, 152
Excavation, 145
General Description, 144
Lining, 148
Hauling, 150
Strutting, 146
Bench, 131
Bends, 268
Blackwall’s Tunnel Shield, 248
Blasting-cone, 33
Blickford Match, 31
Boston Subway:
General Descriptions, 203
Roof Shield, 251
Boulder Tunnel Relined, 315
Box-cars, 61
Box Strutting, 51
Brandt Drilling Machine, 28, 112
Brown, W. L., 269
Brunel’s Shield, 240
Caissons, 293
Canals and Pipe Lines, 86
Cascade Tunnel, 98
Center-cut, 91
Center Line:
Curvilinear Tunnels, 14
Determination of, 9
Rectilinear Tunnels, 9
Simplon Tunnel, 106
Submarine Tunnels, 265
Triangulation, 12
Transferred through Center Shafts, 13
Transferred through Side Shafts, 14
Value’s Device, 10
Centers:
For Arches, 68
English Method, 169
Ground Molds, 66
Italian Method, 184
Lagging, 71
Leading Frames, 67
Setting Up, 70
Striking, 71
Chattanooga Tunnel, Accident, 311
City and South London Railway Shield, 250
Classification of Tunnels, 42
Coal-gas Lighting, 333
Cofferdam Method of Tunneling, 281
Van Buren Street Tunnel, Chicago, 282
Collapse of Tunnels, 302
Compressed Air:
For Power, 87
For Ventilation, 330
Concrete Lining, 75
Fort George Tunnel, 139
Murray Hill Tunnel, 126
Cost of:
Double-track Tunnels, 340
Hauling, 338
Headings, 337
Hoisting, 338
Single-track Tunnel, 340
Submarine Tunnels, 341
Subways, 209-217
Tunnels, 336
Craven, Alfred, 39
Craven’s Sunflower, 39
Cross-section:
Dimensions of, 20
Form of, 18
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, 277
Crown-bar (see American Method).
Subways, 204-211
Croton Aqueduct Tunnel, 95
Culverts, 80
Detroit River Tunnel, 296
Diamond Drilling Machine, 27
Directing the Shield, 265
Drift, 37
Drift Method:
General Discussion, 102
Murray Hill Tunnel, 123
Simplon Tunnel, 103
Drilling Machines:
Brandt, 112
Ingersoll, 26
Drills:
Diamond, 27
Hand, 23
Mountings for, 25
Percussion, 24
Power, 24
Rotary, 27
Dumping Cars, 60
Electric Firing, 32
Electric Lighting, 335
English Method:
Advantages and Disadvantages, 171
Centers, 169
Excavation, 166
General Discussion, 166
Lining, 170
Strutting, 167
Enlargement of the Profile, 38
Entrances, 81
Erector, 272
Excavation:
American Method, 172
Arrangement of Drill Holes, 90
Austrian Method, 176
Belgian Method, 145
Center-cut, 91
Enlargement of Profile, 38
English Method, 166
Fort George Tunnel, 136
German Method, 155
Headings, 37, 91
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, 273
Italian Method, 182
Murray Hill Tunnel, 124
Quicksand Method, 189
Pilot Method, 193
Shield and Compressed Air Method, 267
Simplon Tunnel, 110
Excavating Machines:
For Earth, 22
For Rock, 23
Explosions, 33
Dynamite, 30
Gunpowder, 28
Nitroglycerine, 29
Quantity of, 34
Storage of, 30
Failure of Tunnel Roof, 305
Forgie, James, 269
Fort George Tunnel, 135
Foundations for Lining, 76
Fox, Charles B., 103
Frame Strutting, 49
Fuses, 31
Geological Survey, 3
German Method:
Advantages and Disadvantages, 159
Excavation, 155
General Description, 155
Hauling, 158
Strutting, 156
Giovi Tunnel Accident, 309
Graveholz Tunnel, 98
Greathead’s Shield, 245
Hand Drills, 23
Harlem River Tunnel, 285
Hauling:
American Method, 175
Belgian Method, 150
Italian Method, 185
German Method, 158
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, 278
Motive Power, 61
By Way of Entrances, 59
Simplon Tunnel, 111
By Way of Shafts, 62
Heading and Bench Method:
Fort George Tunnel, 135
General Discussion, 130
St. Gothard Tunnel, 1
Headings, 37, 91
Hewett, H. B., 269
History of Tunnels, xiii
Hoisting Machines:
General Discussion, 62
Elevators, 64
Horse Gins, 63
Windlass, 63
Hoosac Tunnel, 93
Hopkins, Stephen W., 135
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, 269
Hydraulic Jacks, 260, 271
Hydraulic Rams, 271
Illumination:
Acetylene Gas, 334
Coal-gas, 333
Electric, 335
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, 280
Lamps and Lanterns, 330
Inclination of Strata, 6
Ingersoll Drilling Machine, 26
Inverted Arch Lining, 77
Iron and Masonry Lining, 74
Iron Lining, 73, 261, 276
Iron Strutting, 55
Full Section, 56
Headings, 56
Shafts, 57
Italian Method:
Advantages and Disadvantages, 188
Excavation, 182
General Description, 182
Modifications, 186
Strutting, 183
Jacks, 260, 271
Joining the Caissons, 295
Lagging, 71
Lamps and Lanterns, 330
Lighting (see Illumination).
Lining:
Austrian Method, 180
Belgian Method, 148
Concrete, 126, 139
English Method, 170
Foundations, 76
General Observations, 78
German Method, 158
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, 276
Invert, 77
Iron, 73, 261, 276
Iron and Masonry, 74
Italian Method, 185
Masonry, 74
Quicksand Method, 191
Roof Arch, 77
Side Tunnels, 79, 83
Side Walls, 77
Subways, 207-213
Timber, 72
Thickness of Masonry, 78, 83
Little Tom Tunnel Relined, 321
Loose Soil (see Soft Ground).
Masonry (see Centers).
Masonry Culverts, 80
Masonry (see Lining).
Masonry Lining, 74
Masonry Niches, 81
McBean, Daniel, 285
Mechanical Installations for Tunnel Work, 84
Milwaukee Tunnel, 226
Mont Cenis Tunnel, 92
Monthly Progress of Tunnels, 342
Mullan Tunnel Relined, 319
Murray Hill Tunnel, 123
Natural Ventilation, 326
New York Rapid Transit Subway, 209
Niagara Falls Power Tunnel, 97
Niches, 81
Open Cut or Tunnel, 1
Open-cut Tunneling:
General Discussion, 195
Parallel Longitudinal Trenches, 197
Single Trench, 196
Single Narrow Trench, 197
Transverse Trenches, 200
Tunnels on the Surface, 200
Palisade Tunnel, 94
Pennsylvania Railroad Shield, 270
Percussion Drills, 24
Pilot Method of Tunneling, 192
Plank Centers, 69
Platform Cars, 59
Plenum Method of Ventilation, 329
Pneumatic Caissons, 287
Polar Protractor, 39
Portals, 81
Power Drills, 24
Power Plants:
Air Compressors, 87
Canals and Pipe Lines, 86
Cascade Tunnel, 98
Croton Aqueduct Tunnel, 95
General Description, 84
Graveholz Tunnel, 98
Hoosac Tunnel, 93
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, 279
Mont Cenis Tunnel, 92
Murray Hill Tunnel, 128
Niagara Falls Power Tunnel, 97
Palisades Tunnel, 94
Receivers, 89
Reservoirs, 86
Simplon Tunnel, 117
Sonnstein Tunnel, 99
St. Clair River Tunnel, 99
St. Gothard Tunnel, 133
Steam, 85
Strickler Tunnel, 96
Turbines, 86
Prelini’s Shield, 251
Presence of Water, 7
Prevention of Collapse, 303
Progress in Sinking Shafts, 343
Progress of Excavation, 342
Progress of the Work, 342
Progress in Simplon Tunnel, 122
Quantity of Air for Ventilation, 331
Quicksand Tunneling:
General Discussion, 188
Removing the Seepage Water, 191
Quantity of Timber in Strutting, 54
Receivers, 89
Relining Tunnels, 315
Boulder Tunnel, 315
Little Tom Tunnel, 321
Mullan Tunnel, 319
Repairing of Accidents in Tunnels, 308
Reservoirs, 86
Roof Arch Lining, 77
Roof Shield for Boston Subway, 251
Roof of Caissons, 287-291
Rotary Drills, 27
Ryder, B. H., 296
Saccardo System of Ventilation, 330
Saunders, W. L., 88
Seepage Water, 191
Seine River Tunnel, 293
Setting up Centers, 70
Severn Tunnel, 221
Shafts, Description of, 40
Shaler, Ira A., 142
Shield and Compressed Air Method, 263
Shield Construction:
Diaphragm, 256
Cellular Division, 255
Dimensions of Shields, 259
Front End, 254
General Form, 252
Rear End, 257
Shell, 253
Shield Method:
Barlow Shield, 242
Beach’s Shield, 245
Blackwall Tunnel Shield, 248
Brunel Shield, 240
City and South London Railway Shield, 250
Greathead’s Shield, 245
History, 238
Prelini’s Shield, 251
St. Clair River Tunnel Shield, 247
Side Shafts, 41
Side Tunnels Lining, 79
Side Walls Lining, 77
Simplon Tunnel, 103
Soils Encountered in Tunnels, 3
Sonnstein Tunnel, 99
Stations of Subways, 207-216
St. Clair River Tunnel Shield, 247
St. Gothard Tunnel, 132
Steam Power Plant, 85
Stratification of the Soils, 6
Strickler Tunnel, 96
Striking the Centers, 71
Strutting:
American Method, 174
Austrian Method, 177
Belgian Method, 146
Dimensions of Timber, 54
English Method, 167
Fort George Tunnel, 137
Full Section, 51
German Method, 156
Headings, 48
Italian Method, 183
Murray Hill Tunnel, 125
Pilot Method, 193
Quantity of Timber, 54
Shafts, 52
Iron: Full Section, 56
Headings, 56
Shafts, 57
Submarine Tunneling:
Cofferdam Method, 281
Compressed Air Method, 225
Detroit River Tunnel, 296
General Discussion, 218
Harlem River Tunnel, 285
Hudson River Tunnel Pennsylvania Railroad, 269
Lining, 261
Milwaukee Water-Works Tunnel, 226
Pneumatic Caisson Method, 284
Seine River Tunnel, 293
Severn Tunnel, 221
Shield and Compressed Air Method, 263
Shield System, 238
Sinking and Joining Sections Built on Land, 293
Van Buren Street Tunnel, 282
Subways:
Boston, 203
Cost of, 209-217
Cross-sections, 204-211
General Discussion, 195-202
Lining, 207-213
New York Rapid Transit Railway, 209
Stations, 207-216
Sutro, Adolph, 330
Tamping, 32
Thickness of Lining Masonry, 78, 83
Thomson Excavating Machine, 22
Timber Lining, 72
Timbering (see Strutting).
Tremies, 299
Trussed Centers, 70
Tunnel or Open Cut, 1
Tunnels:
Baltimore Belt Line, 160
Classification of, 42
Fort George, 135
Murray Hill, 123
Simplon, 103
St. Gothard, 132
Hard Rock, 84
Drift Method, 102
Comparison of Methods, 141
Heading and Bench Method, 152
Heading Method, 130
Soft Ground:
American Method, 172
Austrian Method, 176
Belgian Method, 144
English Method, 166
German Method, 155
Italian Method, 182
Pilot Method, 192
Quicksand Method, 188
Submarine:
Detroit River Tunnel, 296
Harlem River Tunnel, 285
Hudson River Tunnel of Pennsylvania Railroad, 269
Milwaukee Tunnel, 226
Seine River Tunnel, 293
Severn Tunnel, 221
Van Buren Street Tunnel, Chicago, 282
Under City Streets:
General Description, 201
Boston Subway, 203
Turbines, 86
Vacuum Method of Ventilation, 328
Value, Beverley R., 10
Van Buren Street Tunnel, 282
Ventilation, 325
Artificial, 327
Compressed Air, 330
Natural, 326
Plenum Method, 329
Quantity of Air, 331
Saccardo’s System, 330
Simplon Tunnel, 120
Vacuum Method, 328
Vernon-Harcourt, L. F., 221
Working Platforms, 286
Wyman, Erastus, 293