Note Return to text — EXPERIMENTS ON RETAINING WALLS AND PRESSURES ON TUNNELS.
Reading edition
In Figs. 2 and 3, the retaining boards, , are vertical, and is drawn, making the angle, , with the vertical, . The upper surface of the earth is , and the constructions for locating and are the same as for Fig. 1. , in all the figures, represents the plane of rupture.[Footnote 1] In all cases, the earth thrust found as above is supposed to make the angle, (as shown), with the normal to the inner wall surface.