CONTENTS

THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD

NO. PAGE

1150 THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. By Charles W. Raymond 1

1151 THE NORTH RIVER DIVISION. By Charles M. Jacobs 32

1152 THE EAST RIVER DIVISION. By Alfred Noble 62

1153 MEADOWS DIVISION AND HARRISON TRANSFER YARD. By E. B. Temple 75

1154 THE BERGEN HILL TUNNELS. By F. Lavis 84

1155 THE NORTH RIVER TUNNELS. By B. H. M. Hewett and W. L. Brown 152

1156 THE TERMINAL STATION-WEST. By B. F. Cresson, Jr. 303

1157 THE SITE OF THE TERMINAL STATION. By George C. Clarke 340

1158 THE CROSS-TOWN TUNNELS. By James H. Brace and Francis Mason 391

1159 THE EAST RIVER TUNNELS. By James H. Brace, Francis Mason, and S. H. Woodard 419

MEMOIRS OF DECEASED MEMBERS

PAGE

John Fiske Barnard, M. Am. Soc. C. E. 479

Robert L. Engle, M. Am. Soc. C. E. 480

Charles Herbert Deans, Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E. 482

William Meier, Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E. 485

This Volume and the succeeding Volume of Transactions (Vol. LXIX) will contain all the Papers descriptive of the New York Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad. A general index covering both Volumes will be issued in Vol. LXIX.

PLATES

PLATE PAPER PAGE

I. Map and Profile, Pennsylvania Tunnel & Terminal R. R., North Bergen Tunnel to Long Island City 1150 19

II. Map and Profile, Harrison Yard to Bergen Hill Tunnel 1150 21

III. Plan of Sunnyside Yard 1150 23

IV. View of Tunnel Under Part of Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 1151 37

V. New York Underground Railway Company: Section Through Surface and Underground Stations 1151 39

VI. Pennsylvania Railroad Extension: Map Showing Proposed Lines Leading to Those Finally Adopted 1151 45

VII. Plan, Profile, and Triangulation, North River Tunnels 1151 47

VIII. Typical Sections Between Manholes, Bergen Hill Tunnels 1151 51

IX. Map of Manhattan Island from Twenty-third to Fortieth Streets 1152 63

X. Manhattan Shaft, Lines A and B 1152 65

XI. Long Island Shaft, Lines A and B 1152 67

XII. Typical Tunnel Sections 1152 69

XIII. Plan and Profile, East River Tunnels 1152 71

XIV. Map and Profile, Cross-Town Tunnels 1152 73

XV. Plan and Profile of Lines A and B, and Sunnyside Yard 1152 74*

XVI. Plan and Profile of the Pennsylvania Tunnel & Terminal R. R., from Harrison, N. J., to the Hudson River 1153 77

XVII. Plan of Harrison Yard 1153 79

XVIII. Details of Shelters and Platforms, Harrison Transfer Station 1153 81

XIX. Details of Shelters and Platforms, Harrison Transfer Station 1153 81

XX.a Fig. 1. Lift Rail and Locking Device for Hackensack River Draw-Bridge 1153 83

XX.b Fig. 2. Lift Rail and Locking Device for Hackensack River Draw-Bridge 1153 83

XXI.a Fig. 1. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85

XXI.b Fig. 2. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85

XXI.c Fig. 3. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85

XXI.d Fig. 4. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85

XXII.a Fig. 1. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87

XXII.b Fig. 2. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87

XXII.c Fig. 3. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87

XXII.d Fig. 4. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87

XXIII. Record of Drilling, Air Pressure, Mucking, etc., in Bergen Hill Tunnels 1154 95

XXIV.a Fig. 1. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119

XXIV.b Fig. 2. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119

XXIV.c Fig. 3. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119

XXIV.d Fig. 4. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119

XXV.a Fig. 1. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129

XXV.b Fig. 2. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129

XXV.c Fig. 3. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129

XXV.d Fig. 4. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129

XXVI.a Fig. 1. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137

XXVI.b Fig. 2. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137

XXVI.c Fig. 3. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137

XXVI.d Fig. 4. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137

XXVII.a Fig. 1. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145

XXVII.b Fig. 2. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145

XXVII.c Fig. 3. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145

XXVII.d Fig. 4. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145

XXVIII. Plan and Profile of Parts of North River Tunnels 1155 153

XXIX.a Fig. 1. Weehawken Shaft; and Tunnel Shield Showing Hood 1155 159

XXIX.b Fig. 2. Weehawken Shaft; and Tunnel Shield Showing Hood 1155 159

XXX. Yard and Offices at Manhattan and Weehawken Shafts 1155 161

XXXI. Tunneling Shield 1155 167

XXXII. Thirty-Second Street Tunnels and Shield Chambers 1155 175

XXXIII. General Methods of Excavation Adopted for Land Tunnels 1155 177

XXXIV. Plan and Longitudinal Section of Weehawken Tunnels 1155 193

XXXV.a Fig. 1. Apparatus for Cleaning and Rodding Electric Cable Ducts 1155 205

XXXV.b Fig. 2. Apparatus for Cleaning and Rodding Electric Cable Ducts 1155 205

XXXVI. Diagram Showing Lines and Grades in River Tunnel North 1155 229

XXXVII. Cross-Section of Subaqueous Tunnels Showing Reinforcement 1155 231

XXXVIII.a Fig. 1. Back of Shield in South Tunnel; and Rear View of Shield During Erection of First Ring of Iron Lining 1155 237

XXXVIII.b Fig. 2. Back of Shield in South Tunnel; and Rear View of Shield During Erection of First Ring of Iron Lining 1155 237

PLATE PAPER PAGE

XXXIX.a Fig. 1. View of Meeting of Shields; and Lowering Segment into Tunnel Invert 1155 253

XXXIX.b Fig. 2. View of Meeting of Shields; and Lowering Segment into Tunnel Invert 1155 253

XL. Sections of Tunnel During Construction, Showing Shield, Air Locks, Platforms, Etc. 1155 255

XLI.a Fig. 1. Placing Key Segment; and Method of Grouting Outside Iron 1155 257

XLI.b Fig. 2. Placing Key Segment; and Method of Grouting Outside Iron 1155 257

XLII. Duct Bench Concrete Form in River Tunnels 1155 283

XLIII.a Fig. 1. End of Portable and Adjustable Forms for Building Side Bench; and Steel Rod Reinforcement in River Tunnels 1155 285

XLIII.b Fig. 2. End of Portable and Adjustable Forms for Building Side Bench; and Steel Rod Reinforcement in River Tunnels 1155 285

XLIV. Details of 20-Ft. Movable Form and Traveler for Concrete Arches 1155 287

XLV. Traveling Concrete Form for Face of Bench Walls 1155 291

XLVI. Mechanical Analysis of Sand Used in Mortar and Concrete 1155 297

XLVII.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307

XLVII.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307

XLVII.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307

XLVII.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307

XLVIII.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317

XLVIII.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317

XLVIII.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317

XLVIII.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317

XLIX.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321

XLIX.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321

XLIX.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321

XLIX.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321

L.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325

L.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325

L.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325

L.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325

LI.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333

LI.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333

LI.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333

LI.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333

LII.a Fig. 1. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335

LII.b Fig. 2. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335

LII.c Fig. 3. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335

LII.d Fig. 4. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335

LIII. Pennsylvania Station, New York City; Plan Showing Area at Track Level 1157 341

LIV. Diagram Showing Widths of Base of Retaining Wall Required for Different Batters and Pressures, Pennsylvania Station 1157 349

LV.a Fig. 1. Material Trestle Over N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co.'s Tracks; and Construction of Pier No. 72, North River 1157 361

LV.b Fig. 2. Material Trestle Over N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co.'s Tracks; and Construction of Pier No. 72, North River 1157 361

LV.c Fig. 3. Material Trestle Over N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co.'s Tracks; and Construction of Pier No. 72, North River 1157 361

LVI.a Fig. 1. Material Trestle Showing First Chutes in Operation; and Views of East and West Pits at Terminal Site 1157 363

LVI.b Fig. 2. Material Trestle Showing First Chutes in Operation; and Views of East and West Pits at Terminal Site 1157 363

LVI.c Fig. 3. Material Trestle Showing First Chutes in Operation; and Views of East and West Pits at Terminal Site 1157 363

† LVII. Methods of Excavation, Cross-Town Tunnels, Manhattan 1158 393

LVIII.a Fig. 1. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395

LVIII.b Fig. 2. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395

LVIII.c Fig. 3. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395

LVIII.d Fig. 4. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395

LIX.a Fig. 1. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399

LIX.b Fig. 2. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399

LIX.c Fig. 3. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399

LIX.d Fig. 4. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399

LX.a Fig. 1. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407

LX.b Fig. 2. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407

LX.c Fig. 3. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407

LX.d Fig. 4. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407

LXI. Sections Showing Method of Excavating and Timbering in Heavy Ground, Three-Track Tunnel; and Carriage Form for Side Walls, Cross-Town Twin Tunnels 1158 413

LXII.a Fig. 1. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417

LXII.b Fig. 2. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417

LXII.c Fig. 3. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417

LXII.d Fig. 4. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417

LXIII. Methods of Excavation in All Rock, East River Tunnels 1159 423

LXIV.a Fig. 1. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425

LXIV.b Fig. 2. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425

LXIV.c Fig. 3. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425

LXIV.d Fig. 4. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425

LXV.a Fig. 1. Shields Fitted with Sectional Sliding Hoods and Sliding Extensions and with Fixed Hoods and Fixed Extensions to Floors, East River Tunnels 1159 433

LXV.b Fig. 2. Shields Fitted with Sectional Sliding Hoods and Sliding Extensions and with Fixed Hoods and Fixed Extensions to Floors, East River Tunnels 1159 433

LXVI.a Fig. 1. Rear of Shield Showing Complete Fittings, and Shield with Lower Portion of Bulkhead Removed, East River Tunnels 1159 435

LXVI.b Fig. 2. Rear of Shield Showing Complete Fittings, and Shield with Lower Portion of Bulkhead Removed, East River Tunnels 1159 435

LXVII. Methods of Tunneling in Rock, East River Tunnels 1159 437

LXVIII. Operation of Shields, East River Tunnels 1159 439

LXIX. Operations in Shoving the Shield Forward in Rock and Sand, East River Tunnels 1159 441

LXX.a Fig. 1. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443

LXX.b Fig. 2. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443

LXX.c Fig. 3. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443

LXX.d Fig. 4. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443

LXXI. Operations in Shoving the Shield Forward in Sand, and Final Breasting and Bulkheading, East River Tunnels 1159 445

LXXII. Method of Operating Shields in Soft Ground, East River Tunnels 1159 453

LXXIII.a Fig. 1. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels 1159 455

LXXIII.b Fig. 2. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels 1159 455

LXXIII.c Fig. 3. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels 1159 455

LXXIII.d Fig. 4. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels 1159 455

LXXIV. Methods of Placing Concrete Inside the Iron Tube, East River Tunnels 1159 475