INDEX.

Add River, 223.

Adventure, the, 5.

Africa, slaves from, 3.

Alaska, salmon fishing, 234.

Alder trees, 36, 42, 50, 53, 56, 73, 75.

Anderson, expedition, 198.

Andes, the Patagonian, 52.

Assa, Jonathan, 163.

Atkins, Edward, 15-17.

Attacheks, 173.

Attijeks, 151, 154, 160.

Aurora, the, 5.

Barren Ground, Caribou—

Movements, 6, 193, 204-8;

habits, 208-10;

antlers, 210-12;

compared with the Norwegian reindeer, 212-13;

numbers, 214-15, 219;

the fly pest, 216;

curiosity, 217.

Barren Ground Indians. See “Nascaupees.”

Barren Grounds River, 14, 28, 196.

See also “George River.”

“Barren Grounds of Northern Canada,” Warburton Pike, 197, 217.

“Barrens,” the term, 7, 8.

Bartlett, Captain, 4.

Basement Complex, the, 23.

Battle Harbour, 166.

Bayman, Bill, story of, 184-7.

Bayman, Mrs., 185, 186, 187.

Bear Ravine, 50, 53-63, 125;

the journey down, 126.

Bear Ravine Torrent, 55.

Bear Valley, 50, 226.

Bears, 50, 53-4, 61.

Black, 28, 55-58, 233, 235.

Polar, stories of, 152-3.

Red or Barren Ground, 101, 233.

Belle-isle, Straits of, 5, 131, 221.

Big-Side, 201.

Big River, 242.

Black-ducks, 233.

Black-flies, 104, 125.

Blair, Henry, 16, 241.

Blood-bird, the, 135.

Blow-flies, 104.

Blubber trade, the, 161.

Boaz, Obed, 32, 34, 35, 38, 40, 42-5;

returns to Nain, 46-9.

Bonavista, Cape, 5.

Boots, as currency, 157, 186.

Brazil, 18.

Bridgman Mountains, 27, 114.

Broomfield, trapper, 205-6, 209, 214.

“Bulldogs,” Labrador, 78.

Burial, an Eskimo, 156.

Byron’s Bay, 234.

Cabot, William B., of Boston, expedition, 13, 34-5, 192, 206.

Caches, 124, 125, 225.

Cairns, Eskimo, 62-3.

Caligula, Emperor, a saying of, 3.

Canoe Camp, 73-4, 76, 124.

Canoe, the, cached at Bear Ravine, 125-6.

Caplin, 172.

Caribou, 28, 54, 73-4, 76, 103-6, 121.

Annual killing of, 193.

Barren Ground. See that Title.

Habits, 71, 115-18.

Interbreeding, 219-20.

Master-Stag, the, 208.

Newfoundland and Labrador compared, 116, 235-7.

Number of Newfoundland, 240.

Woodland, 204, 209, 211, 235.

“Carries,” 90.

Cartier, Jacques, 18.

Cartwright, Captain, 158, 178;

on Labrador sport, 233.

Chicago Exhibition, 150.

Chidley, Cape, 130, 150, 162.

Children, Eskimo, eaten by dogs, 176.

Chili, 18.

Chimo, 144.

Chimo, Fort, 166, 214.

Cod-fishing, perils of, 56, 21-22.

Colonial and Continental Missions, 144.

Cook, Captain, 132.

Corte Real, 3-4, 13.

“Crossing of Greenland,” 88, 146-47.

Cumberland “screes,” 49.

Davis Bay Inlet, 197;

caribou, 214.

Davis Inlet, 198, 206.

De Los Antiguos, 52.

Deep Sea Mission, the, 133, 137, 140, 145.

Deer, 90-91, 93-94, 99, 115, 120.

See also “Caribou.”

Deer-flies, 40.

Deer-hunts, annual, 171-72.

Doe Camp, 93-95, 99, 110.

Dogs of Labrador, 7, 33, 158-59, 165-81.

Dog-Sledge Expeditions, 30-33.

Duns, 225.

Eagles, 109.

“Eggers,” the, 234.

Eiderdown, 162.

Elk-Shooting, 233, 237-38, 240.

Elson, Mr., 11-12, 121.

England, the Moravian committee in, 142-43.

Erhardt, John, death, 130-31.

Eric the Red, 1.

Erlandson, expedition of, 27-28.

Erlandson, Lake. See “Indian House Lake.”

Esquimo dogs. See “Dogs of Labrador.”

Eskimos—

Characteristics.

Love of feux-de-joie, 19, 23, 25;

faithfulness, 49;

social antagonism with the Indians, 85, 197;

treachery of earlier, 131;

want of perseverance, 137-8;

effect of civilization on, 147-50;

hunters, 152-53;

love of gambling, 161;

limited ideas of, 163;

physique, 163-64.

Customs.

Travelling, 14, 15;

dog-sledging expeditions, 30-33;

trout-fishing, 38, 47-48;

burial, 155-56;

re-marriage, 156-57;

sports, 158;

shopping, 162;

liking for “high seal,” 162-63;

deer hunts, 171-72, 208, 213-14.

Killinek, of, 134-35.

Makkovik, of, 19.

Missionaries and the, 6, 131-133, 135-37.

Nain, of, 26, 34, 36, 128, 171, 201-2.

Social Conditions.

Women, 105, 161;

sickness among, 140-141;

distribution, 146-47;

disappearance of, 150-51;

want and supply, 152;

education, 153;

children, 157-58, 160.

Exploits River, 17.

Fanny’s Harbour, 23, 243.

Fettes, 201.

Finland, salmon fishing in, 238.

Finland, flies of, 80, 81.

Fires, forest, 208, 213, 215, 218.

“First Crossing of Greenland,” 88, 146-47.

Fish caught on the expedition, 121.

“Fishing in the Labrador,” G. M. Gathorne-Hardy on, 221-31.

Fishing, Norwegian, 238.

Flies, Labrador bulldogs, 78.

See also “Mosquitoes.”

“Flood, Fell and Forest,” quoted, 79-82.

Flowers, Arctic, 20.

Fly-dope. See “Tar.”

Ford’s Harbour, 131.

Foxes, 104, 105, 109, 118-119.

Black fox, value of pelt, 184-85.

Frank’s Brook, 36.

Fraser, Captain, 30.

Fraser, Lake, 127.

Fraser River—

Caribou of the, 204, 207.

Fishing, 38, 221-22, 223.

Journey up the, 28, 35.

Upper, banks of drift wood, 41;

current, 43.

Fraser Valley, 32, 34-35, 124;

the cliffs, 124-25.

Fry, Rev. Mr., 158.

Gambling, Eskimo, 161.

Gathorne-Hardy, A. C., 15.

Gathorne-Hardy, G. H.:

Object of the expedition, 12;

incidents, 15, 19, 34, 37, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 54, 55, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99-100, 103, 104, 106, 109, 114, 115, 117-19, 125-26;

a disaster, 51-53;

bears, 57, 58;

feats of endurance and pluck, 60;

rifle recovered, 127;

caribou knowledge, 209, 210;

fishing in the Labrador, 221-31.

Geese, 233.

George, Fort, 242.

George River, the—

Exploration, 11, 14-15, 27-28, 34, 66, 241;

rapids of, 13;

the Indian trail, 34-35;

India House Lake, 99-100;

the Camp at, 101-11;

raised beaches, 106-7;

return plans, 112;

caribou on, 193, 196, 204-7, 209, 215;

the Nascaupees, 195-97.

George Valley, camp at, 101-11, 229.

Gosling, “Labrador,” 197.

Glasgow, distance to Labrador, 1-2.

Graham, Lady Helen, xv.

Grand Lake, 12.

Great Fish River, 197, 198.

Great Plateau, the, 64.

Great Whale River, 242.

Grenfell, Dr., 137, 140, 145, 178, 186;

purchasing reindeer, 180-81.

Greenland, “First Crossing of Greenland,” 146-47.

Grey Plague, the, 79.

Grey Terror, 81.

Grouse, Canadian, 127.

Gulf Stream, 2.

Hamilton Inlet, 7, 13, 28, 173, 204, 219, 221.

Harmony, the, 2, 16, 17-19, 22-24, 25, 26, 138, 211, 222.

Harpooning, decay of, 151.

Haven, Jens, 132-33.

Hayter, 82.

Hebron, Moravian Station, 134, 150.

Height of Land, 3, 13, 113, 206.

Herjulfson, Bjarni, 1, 13.

Hernhutt, in Saxony, 129, 142.

Hettasch, Dr., 138.

“History of the Moravian Church,” Hutton, quoted, 133.

Hopedale—

Caribou near, 206, 211, 213, 219.

Dogs, 176, 177.

Fishing at, 221, 222.

Moravian Station at, 10, 20, 21, 22, 134, 141, 145, 150, 153, 162, 174, 177, 187, 206, 223.

Timber, 243.

Hornaday, Dr. W. T., 211.

Horns, Barren-Ground, 211-12.

Hubbard, Leonidas, death, 11-12;

plans, 120, 121;

fishing, 230-31.

Hubbard, Mrs., “A Woman’s Way through unknown Labrador,” 12, 78;

expedition, 13, 28, 106-7, 206, 209-10, 215-16, 230.

Hudson’s Bay, 13.

Hudson’s Bay Company, 2, 4, 27-28, 197, 214.

Hudson’s Bay Company’s Posts, 144, 201, 242.

Hudson’s Bay Territory, caribou, 205.

Hunter, Filipus, 31-32, 34, 35, 223.

Huskimaw, Eskimo, 147.

Husky dogs. See “Dogs of Labrador.”

Hutton, “History of the Moravian Church,” 133.

Hyne, Cutcliffe, “Through Arctic Lapland,” 82-83.

Iceland history, 1;

salmon fishing, 238.

Indian House Lake—

Exploration of, 11, 14, 27-28, 99-113;

fishing in, 106;

head quarters of the Nascaupees, 195, 196;

slaying of caribou, 194, 211;

southern end, 108-11.

Indians:

Deer hunts, 208, 211.

Eskimos and the, 85, 131, 197.

Iroquois, 195-96.

Mic-Mac, 58.

Montagnais, 27, 192-95, 197, 200-202, 213-14.

Nascaupee, 27, 34, 100, 109, 114, 192-97, 202-203, 211, 213-214.

Number of, 6-7, 192.

Inman, Mr., 223.

“Innuit” term, 149.

Intoxicants, 160.

Invermore, steamer, 244.

Ireland, 244.

Iroquois, the, 195-96.

Ivalomati, 83.

Jack Lane’s Bay, 9, 10, 177, 205, 214.

Jack’s Brook, 177.

Jackson, Captain, 18-19, 21, 211.

Jannasch, Mr., 138, 141.

Jersey, 18.

“Jock Scott,” 228, 230.

“Kablunaet” term, 149.

Kanayuk, 167.

Karasjok, 81.

Kayaks, 23, 31, 42, 44, 147, 149.

Killinek Moravian Settlement, 130, 134-35, 143, 144, 150, 151, 162.

Kipling, Rudyard, “The Truce of the Bear,” 190.

Koksoak River, 204.

Komatiks, 6, 11, 31, 141, 152, 155, 159, 168, 169, 170-71, 172, 177, 214.

Labrador—

Barrens, the, 7-8.

Caribou, 6.

Central, 6, 13, 26, 27, 242.

Climate, 2, 7, 16, 33, 123, 194.

Fishing in, 239.

Game supply, 120-28.

History, 1-4, 98.

Moravian Mission, 130-33.

Seals, 5.

Population, 4-6, 153.

Southern, trapping, 17.

Western, 13.

“Labrador,” Gosling, 197.

Labrador Bay Seals, 44.

Labrador, Newfoundland and, versus Norway, 232-44.

Lake, “the big Lake,” 39, 40, 48.

Lapland—

Habits of the Laps, 81.

Mosquitoes, 80, 234.

Salmon fishing, 238.

“Through Arctic Lapland,” 82-83.

Laurentian stone of the plateau, 64.

Leh, in Tibet, 130.

Lemmings, 119.

Lenz, Rev. Mr., 20, 206, 214.

Lenz, Mrs., 20, 141.

Lewis, Reuben, 58.

Licenses, Shooting, 236.

Lisbon, Slaves, 3.

Liveyeres, See “Settlers, White.”

London Docks, 17.

Loon, the, 90, 101.

Lorna Doone, the. See “Harmony.”

Low, Dr. A. P., explorations, 13, 218.

Lucky Camp, 118-19.

Lynx, 233, 235.

McLean, John—

Expedition, 13, 27-28.

Nascaupees, and the, 196.

McMillan, Prof., 34.

Maine, 239.

Mackay, Lake, 217.

Makkovik—

Caribou, near, 219.

Description, 19-20.

Eskimos of, 19.

Moravian Mission, 6, 17, 134, 135, 150, 174.

Marconi Stations, 184.

Martin, Bishop, 25, 102, 138;

a journey from Nain to Okak, 170;

death of his son, 179.

Merrigill, Old Man, 185.

Michikamau Lake, 12, 27, 171, 206.

Mic-Mac Indians, 58.

Midnight Sun, the, 83.

Molasses, Eskimos, love of, 162.

Montagnais Indians, 7, 27, 192-95, 197, 199, 200, 201-2, 213-14.

Moody and Sankey Hymns, 154.

Moose, the, introduced into Newfoundland, 235.

Moravian Missionaries—

Work among the Eskimo, 2, 4, 6, 37, 105, 148, 150, 153, 186, 195;

the Author and the, 10;

the station at Nain, 16, 25, 48;

Board of Moravian Missions, 16;

the steamer Harmony, 18;

spread of the Missions, 129;

History of the Labrador Mission, 130-33;

a claim for land, 133-35;

the House-father, 135, 141;

object of the Store, 135-38;

work supplied by, 137-38;

principal of self-support, 139-40;

provision for sickness, 140-41;

marriage customs, 142-44;

services, 154-56;

the Eskimos, dependence on, 172;

the education question, 189.

Morris, Sir Edward, 234.

Mosquito Glen, 62.

Mosquitoes, 22, 23, 25, 43, 62, 67-69, 70, 72, 76, 87-89, 94, 104, 118, 125, 142, 216, 234.

Arctic, 38-40.

Cutcliffe Hyne on, 82-83.

Jersey, 78.

“Kingdom of Beelzebub,” 75-85.

Mrs. Hubbard on, 78.

Sir Henry Pottinger, quoted, 79-82.

Murray, John, 12.

Museums of Norway, 213.

Nain—

Moravian station at, 16, 22, 30, 34, 131, 133, 134, 140, 145, 150, 153-55, 158-59, 170, 242;

arrival of the Harmony, 25;

return of the party, 48, 49, 127;

the new church, 138;

oil boiling, 161;

dogs of, 167-69, 176;

the winter mail, 169;

Eskimos of, 171, 198, 201, 202;

the Mission Store, 179-200;

Indians, 198;

sledging parties, 205;

caribou, 211, 213;

timber, 243.

Nain Bay, 24, 26;

fishing, 221, 223.

Nunaingoak Bay, 28, 30, 31, 37, 205, 209, 223.

Namaycush, 67-68, 70, 72, 76, 106, 113, 121, 221, 226-31.

Namdalen, 237.

Nansen, Fridtjof, “First Crossing of Greenland,” 88, 146-47.

Nascaupee Country, 78.

Nascaupee Indians, 7, 27, 34, 192-97, 200-203.

Deer hunts, 109, 211, 213-14.

Deserted teepees, 100, 114.

Nascaupee River, xiii.

New Brunswick, 239.

Newfoundland—

Fishing in, 4-6, 239;

caribou, 9, 204, 212, 215, 217, 218, 237;

black bears, 58;

sealing fleet, 88;

white settlers, 153;

outports population, 189;

visits of the Author to, 232;

cost of season’s shooting, 237.

“Newfoundland and Labrador versus Norway,” 232-44.

Newfoundland Guide-book, 240.

Nokomis the Squaw, 103.

Northern diver, the, 118.

Northern Lights, 22, 67, 75, 118, 244.

North-West River, 13.

Norway—

Fishing, sea-trout, 230;

salmon, 238, 239.

Mosquitoes of, 82, 234.

“Newfoundland and Labrador versus Norway,” 232-44.

Shooting, elk, 233, 240;

reindeer, 238;

cost of a season’s shooting, 237.

Obed. See “Boaz.”

Oblate Fathers, the, 194.

Okak—

Hospital at, 139, 140, 145.

Moravian Mission at, 25, 134, 150, 170.

Sledging parties, 205.

Oksuk, grey seal, 38.

“Old Man Lane,” 177-78.

Osprey’s nest, an, 97.

Outfit for Labrador, 88-89.

Packard, Alpheus S., 13;

and the mosquitoes, 78-79.

Palliser, Adm. Sir Hugh, 131-32.

“Parallel Roads of Glenroy,” 107.

Parker, Sir Hyde, 238.

Parmachenee Belles, 223, 228, 230.

“Partridges,” 184-85.

Paul’s Island, 156.

Payne, E. A., 174, 222.

Peary, work of, 4.

Pelican, the, 2.

Perrett, Rev. Mr., 25, 135, 138.

Perrett, Mrs., 25.

Phillips, E. Lort, 230.

Pikajulak, 37.

Pike, Warburton, “Barren Grounds of Northern Canada,” 197, 217.

Pokka, mosquitoes of, 82.

Polar current, the, 16, 18, 26.

Porter, Robert, incidents of the expedition, 17, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 54, 66, 70-72, 74-76, 88, 90, 94, 97, 98-100, 103, 109, 115, 117, 118, 123, 125, 127;

a disaster, 51-53;

bear-hunting, 55-58;

portaging the canoe, 58-59, 226;

return for provisions, 104-108.

Pottinger, Sir Henry, “Flood, Fell and Forest,” quoted, 79-82.

Poungassé, 31, 32, 41, 49-50, 171, 205.

Prae Wood, Hertfordshire, 45.

Prichard, Mrs., xv.

Primus stoves, 88.

Provisions, supply for the journey, 33, 86.

Prowse, D. W., guide-book, 240.

Ptarmigan, 66-67, 88, 92, 96, 113, 114, 119, 121, 233.

Pulp Industry, the, 240, 243.

Quebec, Caribou, 204, 218-20, 222;

mosquitoes, 234.

Rainey, Paul, 234.

Raised beaches on the George River, 106-7.

Rations and provisions, 121-22.

Ravens, 101, 104.

Red Indians, 195.

Reid Newfoundland Railway Company, 215, 235-36, 240-41, 244.

Reindeer—

Habits, 81.

Ivory-coloured, of the Plateau, 64.

Norwegian, 180-81, 212.

Shooting rents, 238.

Rifles, suitable for long portage, 92;

result of introduction, 151.

Roman Catholics in Labrador, 194, 196.

Rucksack versus headstrap, 61.

St. Anthony, Newfoundland, 181.

St. John’s, Newfoundland, 16, 161, 232, 239, 244.

St. Lawrence, the, 7, 192.

Saguenay region, the, 204.

Salmon fishing, 221, 234;

rents, 238.

Salt, Harry, 187-88.

Saltatha quoted, 64.

Salvation Army Hymns, 154.

Sand-flies, 78.

Sandy Camp, 86, 104, 112, 113, 121, 229.

Savage Bay, 178.

Scandinavia, fishing, 238.

Schmitt, Brother Kristian, 25-28, 30, 138, 170, 198.

Schmitt, Mrs., 198.

Sea-trout, 234.

Seal—

Labrador Bay, 44.

Oil, 43.

Oksuk, 38.

Sealing, hardships, 5-6;

modern, 151-52.

Selous, F. C., 9.

Settlers, White, means of livelihood, 182-88;

population, 188-89;

houses, 189-90;

language, 190-91.

Sillapaks, 26, 154.

Sina, the, 169, 175.

Sisters, the Moravian, 139-42.

“Skiff,” the, 127.

Skraelings, 148.

Slave-trade, early Portuguese, 3-4.

Slippery Brook, 103, 106, 108, 229.

“Smudge,” 103.

Socialism among the Eskimo, 148-149.

Sports, Eskimo, 158.

Spruce, 97, 98, 118.

Squirrel, 43, 54.

Stewart, Rev. S. M., 135, 144-45.

Strathcona, the, 145.

Sundal River, Norway, 224.

Susan River, 11.

Tana River, 79, 81.

Tar and oil, Stockholm, 38, 43, 72, 76, 125.

Tasker expedition, the, 242.

“Teepees,” 100, 114, 193.

Terranovan Wilderness, 235.

“Through Arctic Lapland,” 82-83.

Tikoatokak, 28.

Tikoatokak Bay, 37, 210.

Timber in Labrador, 243.

Townley, Rev. Mr. and Mrs., 19.

Trap-boats, 30.

Trapping, 152.

Trout-fishing, 103-4, 229-31, 234;

the namaycush, 67-68;

amount caught, 121;

sea-trout, 127, 221-26.

“Truce of the Bear,” 190.

Ungava, 27, 242.

Ungava Bay, 13, 106, 144-45, 166.

United States—

National collection, 211.

Newfoundland and the, 239.

Virginia Lake, steamer, 10, 147.

Voysey’s Bay, 197.

Wallace, Dillon, 11-13, 28, 121, 206.

Walrus, 151, 152.

Ward, Rowland, “Horn Measurements,” 211.

“Water Bears,” 233.

Wells, Jack, 9.

Whale meat, 43.

Whale River, 114, 241.

Whale, White, 152.

White Sea, 18.

Wiggins Expedition, 18.

“Wilkinson,” 230.

Willow-grouse, 127, 233-34.

Willows, dwarf, 97.

Windy Tickle, 10.

Wolstenholme, Cape, 130.

Wolves, 28, 90, 94-95, 213, 217, 233;

habits of the Labrador, 101-102;

interbreeding, 172-73.

Woodland Caribou, 204, 209, 211, 217, 218, 235.

“Woman’s Way through Unknown Labrador,” 12.

Women—

Eskimo, 156-57;

occupation, 161-62.

Indian, 198, 202-3.

Settlers in Labrador, 141.

Wynyard, Capt. E. G., D.S.O., 232.

Yellow Knives, 198.

Yukon territory, exploration, 17.

Zoar, 138.

BRADBURY, AGNEW & CO., LTD., LONDON AND TONBRIDGE.