INDEX
Reading edition
Abbot's Way across Dartmoor, 196
Absorption of rays of sunlight, 129
Abyssinia, wild ass of, 203
Actinozoa, Cydippe allied to the, 190
Ages, lapse of between old and new stone age, 217
Alcor, or Jack, 158
Aldebaran, 149 called so by the Arabs, 153 colour of, 167
Algol the Variable, 162, 165
Almach, γ Andromedæ, 156 a coloured double star, 167
America, extinction of original horse in, 207
Andromeda, the great nebula of, 162, 164 double coloured star in, 167
Animal of the Sea-mat, 191 number in one leaf, 193
Animal-trees and stony plants, 178
Animals, extinct, living with man, 211
Antares, a ruby-red star, 167
Antherozoids of mosses, 89
Apothecia of lichens, 83
Apennines, Lunar, figured, 19
Archimedes, a lunar crater, 10 smooth centre of, 19
Arctic lands, lichens in, 82
Arcturus, colour of, 166
Aristarchus, a lunar crater, 10, 24 streaks around, 17
Aristotle, a lunar crater, 10
Arrows, old stone, 215
Asia, horse of Central, 201
Asinus tæniopus, 203
Aspergillus glaucus, 61 growth of, 63
Ass tribe, forms allied to the, 201
——, wild of Africa, 203
Atmosphere, absence of in the moon, 21
Australia, wild horses of, 207
Bacillaria Paradoxa, a diatom, 185
Bacteria growing on wounds, 66
Baiæ, hill thrown up on Bay of, 103
Ball, Sir R., on binary stars, 154
Beehive, triple star near the, 168
Beer, fermentation of, 65
Bellatrix, a star in Orion, 148
Berlin, ground beneath, formed of diatoms, 186
Bessel, on movements of Sirius, 169
Betelgeux, a star in Orion, 148
Binary star in Great Bear, 157, 158
—— stars, 154, 166, 170
Bog-moss or Sphagnum, 93
Bog-mosses, distribution of, 94
Bombs, volcanic, 105
Boötis ε, a coloured double star, 167
Britons inhabiting caves, 224 ornaments and customs of, 223
—— of Dartmoor, 196
Bronze weapon and bracelet, 223
Bryum or thread moss, 77
Buckfast Abbey, monks of, 196
Bunt, a fungus, 64
Burial in Neolithic times, 221
Cassiopeia, the constellation, 162 coloured double star in, 167
Castor, a binary star, 154
Camera, photographic, 47 attached to the telescope, 121
Cancer ζ, a triple coloured star, 168
Candle-flame, image of, formed by lens, 33
Canis Major, constellation of, 148
Capella, colour of the star, 153
Castor, light of compared with a near star, 158
Caterpillars destroyed by fungus, 66
Caucasus Mountains on the Moon, 18
Cave, the three periods of a, 225
Caves, Palæolithic and Neolithic, 210 Palæolithic life in, 211 hyænas roamed in, 217 Neolithic life in, 218 Britons took refuge in, 224
Cells, fertile of mushroom, 69 of moss-plant, 89
Celt, jade, from Suffolk, 219
Chambers, Mr., his drawing of ε Lyræ, 166
Charles's Wain, 155 part of Great Bear, 157 stars of drifting, 159 stars visible in waggon of, 160 double coloured star in, 158, 167
Chilomonas amygdalum, a monad, 182
Ciliary muscle, action of the, 34
Clark, Alvan, on companion of Sirius, 169
Clockwork of telescope, 2
Cocconema lanceolatum, a diatom, 184
Coin of age of Constantine, 223
Confervæ, growth of, 79
Commons, Mr., photographed Orion's nebula, 152
Constantine, coin of age of, 223
Constellations, maps of, 148, 156
Copernicus, a lunar crater, 10, 24 figured, 17 bright streaks around, 18
Copper-sulphate in lava, 108
Corallina, a stony seaweed, 175 fruit of, 177 appearance like Sertularia, 179
Cornea of the eye, 31
Corona, nature of the sun's, 123, 137
Cottam, Mr. A., his plate of coloured stars, 167
Crater, lava flowing from a, 98 interior of Vesuvius, 100
Crater-plains, 19-21
Craters on the moon, 10, 13, 17, 19, 20 of earth and moon compared, 16
Crystallites in volcanic glass, 109
Crystallisation, two periods of, in lava, 115
Crystals forming in artificial lavas, 114 precious, 116
Cydippe pileus, a living jelly-ball, 187 structure of, 188-190
Cygni β, a coloured double star, 167
Dartmoor, fairy rings on, 57, 58 the Sundew on, 56 granite figured, 112 ponies, 195
De la Rue, his photograph of moon, 13
Devonshire ponies, black stripe on, 201
Diatom, a growing, 185
Diatoma hyalina, 184
Diatoms, magnified fossil, 39 living marine, 184
Didymium, giving a broken spectrum, 126
Dordogne, caves of the, 210, 215
Draper, Prof., photographed Orion's nebula, 152
Drosera rotundifolia on Dartmoor, 56
Dschiggetai, horse-ass of Tibet, 200
Dsungarian desert, wild horse of the, 203
Dykes, nature of volcanic, 111
Earth, path of the moon round the, 8 magnetic storm on, caused by sun, 14 reservoirs of melted matter in the, 101
Earthquakes accompanying volcanic outbursts, 102
Eclipse of sun, red jets and corona seen during, 125
——, total, of the moon, 23 lurid light during, 25
Eclipses, how caused, 7
Elephant, hairy, engraved on ivory, 216
Empusa muscæ, 66
Engis and Engihoul caves, 210
England, ancient caves in, 210 in Palæolithic times, 211
Eocene, toed horses of the, 205
Eohippus, or horse of the dawn, 205
Equus hemionus, the horse-ass, 202
Eratosthenes, a lunar crater, 10
Erbia, giving a broken spectrum, 126
Ergot, a fungus, 61
Eruptions of Vesuvius, 97, 100, 104
Eudoxus, a lunar crater, 10
Experiments, necessity for accurate, 54
Eye, structure of the, 29-32 mode of seeing with the, 32 short-sighted, 29, 35 distances spanned by the naked, 40
Faculæ on the sun's face, 122, 140
Fairy rings, 55 mentioned in Merry Wives of Windsor, 57 growth of, 71-73
Ferments caused by fungi, 60, 64
Fishing in ancient times, 215, 220
Fistulina hepatica, a fungus, 71
Flint skeletons of plants, 185
Flustra or sea-mat, 187 structure of, 191-193
Fly, fungus killing a, 66
Focal images, 33 distances, 44
Fouqué, M., artificial lava made by, 112
Fructification of mushrooms, 69 of lichens, 83 of mosses, 91 of seaweeds, 177
Funaria hygrometrica, urn of the, 89, 91 has no urn lid, 92
Fungi, nature of, 59 different kinds of, 60 attacking insects, 66 growing on wounds, 66 the use of, 74
Fungus and green cells in lichen, 81
Gardener, advice of the old, 118
Gas, spectrum of a, 126
Gases revealed by spectroscope, 52
Gemini, the constellation, 154
Geminorum, δ, a double coloured star, 167
Gills of mushroom, 69
Gomphonema marinum, 184
Gooseberry, fermentation in a, 64
Gory dew, Palmella cruenta, 79
Graham's island thrown up, 102
Granular appearance of sun's face, 123
Grape fungus, 65
Great Bear, the constellation, 157 binary star in, 158 coloured double star in, 158, 168
Greenstone, Neolithic weapons of, 220
Guards, the, in the Little Bear, 162
Hartz Mountains, caves of the, 210
Hatchet, a Neolithic stone, 219
Hebrides, volcanic islands of, 111
Henri, MM., photograph of moon's face by, 19
Herculaneum, buried, 98, 104
Herculis α, a coloured double star, 168
Hermitage, lava stream flowing behind the, 97, 99
Herschel's drawing of Copernicus, 17
Huggins, Dr., on shape of prominences, 135 on spectra of nebulæ, 151 on cause of colour in stars, 168
Himalayas, single-celled plants in the, 79
Horse, wild, of the Pampas, 198 of Tartary, 199 of Kirghiz steppes, 200 Przevalsky's, 202 early history of toed, 204 structure of foot and hoof of, 205 skeleton of, 206 origin and migration of early, 207
Hungary, ancient caves of, 210
Huyghens, the highest peak in Lunar Apennines, 19
Image formed at focus of lens, 33 of sky in telescope, 49
Implements, old stone, 213 new stone, 219
Imps of plant-life, 59
India, low plants in springs of, 79 solar eclipse seen in, 124 wild ass of, 203
Infusorial earth, 186
Infusorians in a seaside pool, 183
Inhabitants of a seaside pool, 172-174
Iris of the eye, 30
Iron pyrites in lava, 108
Iron slag, lava compared to, 105
Islands, volcanic thrown up, 102
Jack by the second horse, 157
Jade, Neolithic weapons of, 220
Jannsen, Prof., on sun prominences, 131
Judd, Mr., on volcano of Mull, 111
Jutes and Angles invading Britain, 224
Kant on nebular hypothesis, 152
Kent's Cavern, rough stone implement from, 213
Kepler, a lunar crater, 10 streaks around, 17
Kertag, or wild horse, 202
Kew, sun-storm registered at, 143
Kiang or Kulan, 200
Kirchhoff, Prof., on sunlight, 128
Kulan or Kiang, 200
Labrador felspar artificially made, 113
Langley, Prof., sun-spot drawn by, 141
Laplace, nebular hypothesis of, 152
Lava, aspect of flowing, 99 reservoirs of molten, 101 nature of, 107 artificially made, 113 two periods of crystallisation in, 115
Lava-stream, history of a, 100 section of a, 108 rapid cooling of surface, 108
Laver or sea-lettuce, structure of, 176
Leo, the constellation, 155
Leucotephrite artificially made, 113
Lens, natural, of the eye, 31 simple magnifying, 35
Levy, M., artificial lava made by, 112
Lichens, specimens of from life, 77 the life-history of, 80-84 sections of, 81 distribution of 82, 95 fructification of, 83 causes of success of, 94
Lick telescope, magnifying power of, 46
Light, lurid, on moon during eclipse, 24 sifted by spectroscope, 126
Light-granules on sun's face, 123 supposed explanation of, 141
Lime-tree, fungi on the, 64
Liss, bronze bracelet from, 223
Little Bear, pole-star and guards in the, 162
Lockyer, Mr., on sun-prominences, 131, 136
Lunar Apennines figured, 19
Lyræ ε, a double-binary star, 166
Machairodus, tooth of, 213
Madeleine, La, carvings from cave of, 216
Magic glasses and how to use them, 27 what can be done by, 28, 53
Magician's chamber, 1 his pupils, 4 spells, 28 his dream of ancient days, 209
Magnetic connection of sun and earth, 142
Magnifying-glass, action of a, 35
Mammoth engraved on ivory, 216
Maps of constellations, 148, 156
Marasmius oreastes, fairy-ring mushroom, 55, 72
Mazeppa, quotation from Byron's, 201
Men of older stone age, 212 of Neolithic age, 218
Mesohippus, a toed horse, 205
Microliths in volcanic glass, 109, 110, 113, 115 formed in artificial lava, 113
Microscope, 3 action of the, 36-38
Mildews are fungi, 60
Milky Way, 149 Cassiopeia in the, 163
Minerals crystallising in lava, 108
Mines, increase of temperature in, 101
Miohippus, or lesser toed horse, 206
Mizar, a double-coloured star in the Great Bear, 158, 168
Monads, size and activity of, 183
Monks, ancient, of Dartmoor, 196
Monte Nuovo thrown up in 1538, 103
Moon, phases of the, 6 course in the heavens, 8 map of the, 10 craters of the, 10, 13, 17, 19, 20 face of full, 11 a worn-out planet, 21 no atmosphere in the, 21 diagram of eclipse of, 23 lurid light on during eclipse, 24
Moss-leaf magnified, 87
Moss, life-history of a, 84, 92 a stem of feathery, 85 protonema of a, 86 modes of new growth of a, 88 fructification of a, 89 urns of a, 89, 91
Mosses, different kinds of, 77 advantages and distribution of, 94
Moulds are fungi, 60 how they grow, 63
Mountains of the moon, 19 formation of, 21
Mucor Mucedo, figured, 61 growth of, 63
Mull, volcanic dykes in the island of, 111
Mushroom, early stages and spawn of, 67 mycelium of, 67 later stages of, 68 section of gills of, 69 spores of, 70 fairy or Scotch bonnet, 72
Mycelium of mould, 63 of mushroom, 67 of fairy rings, 72
Naples, volcanic eruption seen at, 96 Monte Nuovo thrown up near, 103
Nasmyth on bright lunar streaks, 16
Nebula of Orion, 149 spectrum of, 151 photographs of, 152 of Pleiades, 153 of Andromeda, 163-164
Needle, bone, from a cave, 212
Neolithic implements, 219 industries and habits, 218-220 burials, 221
Neptune, invisible to naked eye, 35
Neison, Mr., his drawing of Plato, 20
Nostoc, growing on stones, 79
Oak, fungi on the, 64
Observatory, the Magician's, 2 astronomical on Vesuvius, 97 cascade of lava behind the, 99
Obsidian, or volcanic glass, 109
Occultation of a star, 22, 25
Onager, or wild ass of Asia, 203
Optic nerve of eye, 34
Orion, constellation of, 147, 149 great nebula of, 149 photographs of Nebula of, 152 coloured double stars in, 168
Orionis θ, or Trapezium, 150
Ornaments of ancient Britons, 222
Orohippus, a toed horse, 205
Oscillariæ, growth of, 79
Palæolithic man, 212 relics, 213 life, 214, 216
Pampas, wild horses of the, 198
Penicillium glaucum, figured, 61 growth of, 63
Penumbra of an eclipse, 23 of sun-spots, 140
Perithecia of lichens, 84
Petavius, a lunar crater, 10
Photographic camera, 3, 47 attached to telescope, 121
Photographs of the moon, 13, 19 of galloping horse, 48 of the stars, 49, 161 of the sun, 121
Photosphere of the sun, 123
Philadelphia, electric shocks at during sun-storm, 143
Pixies of plant life, 59
Plains of the moon, 10 nature of the, 12
Plants, colourless, single-celled, 65 single-celled green, 78 two kinds of in lichens, 80 with flint skeletons, 185
Plato, a lunar crater, 10, 24 figured, 20
Pleiades, the, 153 nebulæ in, 153
Pleurococcus, a single-celled plant, 78
Plough, the, or Charles's Wain, 157
Pointers, in Charles's Wain, 161
Pole-star, the, 161 a yellow sun, 166
Pollux, a yellow sun, 166
Polysiphonia, a red seaweed, 175 fruit of, 177
Polytrichum commune, a hair moss, 88 its urns protected by a lid, 91
Pool, inhabitants of a seaside, 172-174
Precious stones, formation of, 116
Proctor, his star atlas, 146 on drifting of Charles's Wain, 159
Prominence-spectrum and sun-spectrum compared, 134
Prominences, red, of the sun, 125 seen in full daylight, 131-133 shape of, 135
Protococcus nivalis, 79
Protonema of a moss, 86
Przevalsky's wild horse, 202
Ptolemy, a lunar crater, 10
Puffballs, 67, 70 use of in nature, 73
Pupil of the eye, 30
Puzzuoli, eruption near, 1538, 103
Quaggas, herds of, 203
Rain-band in the solar spectrum, 130
Rain-shower during volcanic eruption, 107
Readings in the sky, 53, 127, 151, 168
Red snow, a single-celled plant, 79
Regulus, the star, 155, 166
Reindeer, carving on horn of, 216
Reservoirs of molten rock underground, 101
Resina, ascent of Vesuvius from, 98
Retina of the eye, 31 image of object on the, 33
Richmond, Virginia, infusorial earth of, 186
Rigel, a star in Orion, 149 a coloured double star, 168
Rings, growth of fairy, 73
Roberts, Mr. I., his photograph of Orion's nebula, 152 and of nebula of the Pleiades, 153 and of nebula of Andromeda, 164
Rosse, Lord, his telescope, 46 on Orion's nebula, 150 stars visible in his telescope, 160
Rue, De la, his photograph of the moon, 13
Rust on plants, 61
Sabrina island formed, 102
Saturn, distance of, 40
Saxons, invasion of the, 224
Schwabe, Herr, on sun-spots cycle, 137
Scoriæ of volcanoes, 108
"Scotch bonnet" mushroom, 72
Sea-mat, see Flustra
"Seas" lunar, so-called, 10
Seaweeds, a group of, 175 fruits of, 177
Secchi, Father, on depth of a sun-spot, 139
Selwyn, Mr., photograph of sun by, 122
Senses alone tell us of outer world, 29
Sertularia tenella, structure of, 180 cupressina, 181
Sertularian and coralline, resemblance of, 179
Shakespeare on fairy rings, 57
Shipley, Mr., saw volcanic island formed, 103
Sight, far and near, 35
Silkworm destroyed by fungi, 66
Sirius, 146 a bluish white sun, 166 irregularities of caused by a companion, 169
Skeleton of the horse, 206
Skin diseases caused by fungi, 61, 66
Sky, light readings in the, 53, 127, 151, 168
Smut, a fungus, 61
Sodium lime in the spectrum, 128
Somma, part of ancient Vesuvius, 97, 104
Spawn of mushroom, 67
Spectra, plate of coloured, 127
Spectroscope, 3 Kirchhoff's, 51 gases revealed by the, 52 direct vision, 127 sifting light, 126 attached to telescope, 132
Spectrum of sunlight, 127, 130
Sphacelaria, a brown-green seaweed, 175 fruit of, 177
Sphagnum or bog moss, 77, 93 structure of leaves of, 93
Spindle-whorl from Neolithic caves, 219
Spore-cases of mosses, 89, 91, 93
Spores of moulds, 63 of mushroom, 70 of lichens, 83 of mosses, 91
Star, occultation of, by the moon, 24 a double-binary, 166 a dark, travelling round Sirius, 169
Star-cluster in Perseus, 162
Star-depths, 160, 171
Stars, light from the, 40, 42 visible in the country, 145 apparent motion of the, 146 maps of, 148, 156 of milky way, 149 binary, 154 real motion of, 159 drifting, 159 number of known and estimated, 161 colours of, 166 double coloured, 167 cause of colour in, 168 are they centres of solar systems? 170
Statur or wild horse, 202
Streaks, bright, on the moon, 14-17
Suffolk, bronze weapon from barrow in, 223
Sun, path of the moon round the, 8 one of the stars, 119 how to look at the, 119 face of, thrown on a screen, 120 photograph of the, 122 prominences, corona, and faculæ of, 122-125 mottling of face of, 123 total eclipse of, 124 zodiacal line round, 125 dark lines in spectrum of, 128 reversing layer of, 131 metals in the, 131 sudden outburst in the, 142 magnetic connection with the earth, 143 a yellow star, 166
Sun's rays touching moon during eclipse, 24
Sun-spots, cycle of, 137 proving sun's rotation, 138 nature of, 139 quiet and unquiet, 140 formation of, 142
Sundew on Dartmoor, 56
Tarpan, a wild horse, 199
Tartary, wild horses of, 199
Tavistock Abbey, monks of, 196
Telescope, clock-work, adjusting a, 2 an astronomical, 41 magnifying power of the, 43-46 giant, 46 terrestrial, 47 what can be seen in a small, 46 how the sun is photographed in the, 122 how the spectroscope is worked with the, 132
Teneriffe, peak of compared to lunar craters, 15
Tennant, Major, drawing of eclipsed sun by, 123
Temperature, underground, 101
Thuricolla follicula, a transparent infusorian, 182
Tiger, sabre-toothed, 211, 213
Tilletia caria or bunt, 64
Toadstools, 67, 70 use of in nature, 73
Tools, of ancient stone period, 214, 215
Tooth of machairodus, 213
Torquay, the Magician's pool near, 172
Tors of Dartmoor, 197
Trapezium of Orion, 150
Tremella mesenterica fungus, 71
Tripoli formed of diatoms, 35
Tundras, lichens and mosses of the, 82, 95
Tycho, a lunar crater, 10 description of, 13 bright streaks of, 14
Ulva, a green seaweed, 175 a section magnified, 176
Umbra of an eclipse, 23
Urns of mosses, 89, 91
Ustilago carbo, or smut, 64
Variable stars, 165
Vega, a bluish-white sun, 166 double-binary star near, 165
Veil of mushroom, 68
Vesuvian lavas imitated, 113
Vesuvius, eruption of 1868 described, 97, 99, 104 dormant, 103 eruption of in A.D. 79, 104
Volcanic craters of earth and moon compared, 16 eruptions in the moon, 21 glass under the microscope, 109, 110, 115
Volcano, diagram of an active, 105
Volcanoes, the cause of discussed, 101, 102 ancient, laid bare, 111
Washington, electric shocks at during sun-storm, 143
Winter in Palæolithic times, 215
Wood, winter growth in a, 76
"World without End," 115
Yeast, growth of, 65
Yorkshire, Roman coins in caves of, 225
Zebra, herds of, 203
Zodiacal light, 125