Book 6 — INDEX

INDEX

Absolutism, evils of, 203 Adams, Abigail, Jefferson shops for, 160; the "New England Juno", 323; and Jefferson, 382, 383, 386, 518, 519 Adams, Henry, his criticism of Jefferson's conduct of foreign affairs, 409, 440, 441, 453, 459, 460, 464 Adams, John, Jefferson's correspondence with, 23, 482, 490, 503, 512, 517, 521, 526, 529; his first impression of Jefferson, 59; on committee of Continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62; assists in framing resolution instructing colonies to form governments, 66; his part in Declaration of Independence, 69, 70; on committee to suggest United States seal, 86; appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of Commerce with foreign nations, 152, 162; his wines, 160; in favor of loose association of States, 196; and the Barbary pirates, 206; Jefferson gives estimate of, 248; his quarrel with Jefferson, 259-261; reëlection of, as Vice-President, 273; elected President, 319; attempts reconciliation with Jefferson, 321, 322, 325; inaugural address, 321, 322; not a party man or party leader, 323; a complicated and contradictory figure, 323; action in XYZ case, 325, 331, 336-338, 348, 355; nominated for Presidency in 1800, 362; changes in his Cabinet, 368; in election of 1800, 367-369; "midnight" appointments, 373, 374; refuses to welcome successor, 375; reconciliation with Jefferson, 518, 519; his study of religious controversies, 522; on life, 527 Adams, John Quincy, removed from office by Jefferson, 382, 383 Adams, Samuel, 359, 361 Addison, Judge, deposition of, by Senate of Pennsylvania, 384 Albemarle resolutions, 45-47 Alexander I of Russia, 448 Algiers, 206 Alien Bills, 340, 342-347 Aliens, their right to hold real property denied, 151 Allen, Ethan, declaration concerning, drafted by Jefferson, 65 American civilization, underlying ideas of, 85. American imperialism, 398-400 American public education, first charter of, 95-100 American Revolution, remonstrance in House of Burgesses, 38; articles of association directed against British merchandise, 38; as to causes of, 42; effect of passage of Boston Port Bill, in Virginia, 43, 44; proposal to form Congress, 44; declaration of mutual defence, 45; resolutions adopted by freeholders of Albemarle County, Va., 45-47; resolutions adopted by Assembly of Fairfax County, 45-47; regulation of American commerce, 46; doctrine of expatriation, 47, 50; first Continental Congress, 54; second Continental Congress, 59; Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition" answered, 62; independence not at first aimed at, 63-65; colonies instructed to form governments, 66; Declaration of Independence, 69-71; treatment of prisoners in, 109-112. See also British colonies Americanism, cardinal principles of, 52, 61; creed of, formulated by Jefferson, 62, 120; Jefferson's conception of, when he wrote "Notes on Virginia", 136; practical idealism a tenet of, 275; pure, 334, 335; definition of, 352; Jefferson's system of, 423, 428, 468 Armstrong, Gen. John, American representative in Paris, 462 Arnold, Benedict, 108 "Arrears of Interest, Report on", Jefferson, 146 Articles of Confederation, discussion of, in Congress, 80; defects in, 145, 146, 195, 197 "Assumption" of the State debts, 250-255 Aurora, journal, 311, 313, 343, 354 Austin, Benjamin, 491 Bache's Aurora, 311, 313, 343, 356 Balance of power, 476 Bank Bill, Hamilton's, 255-258 Bannister, J. B., Jr., letter to, 172 Barbary pirates, 205-207, 428, 443 Barbé-Marbois, secretary of French legation in United States, 118, 414 Bastille, capture of, 235 Bayard, James A., nominated plenipotentiary to French Republic, 373, 374 Bellini, letter to, 173 Berlin Decree, 450 Beveridge, Albert J., his "Life of Marshall", 384, 385, 434 Bill for a General Revision of the Laws, Virginia, 90 Bill for Amending the Charter for William and Mary, 98, 99, 105, 106 Bill for Proportioning Crimes and Punishments, Virginia, 93-95 Bill for Religious Freedom, Virginia, 89, 100-103, 106, 365 Bill for the more General Diffusion of Knowledge, Virginia, 95-99, 105, 505, 508 Bill of Rights, 198-201, 204 Bill on the Naturalization of Foreigners, 89 Bill to Abolish Entails, Virginia, 88, 89 Bingham, Mrs., 160 Bishop, Samuel, appointed collector of New Haven, 381 Blennerhasset, Harman, and the Burr conspiracy, 431, 432 Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, his influence on Jefferson, 21, 23, 26, 31 Bollman, and the Burr conspiracy, 432, 433 Bonaparte, his projected invasion of England, 336; Jefferson's opinion of, 359, 475, 476; precedent established by, 360 Boston Port Bill, 43 Brazil, 483 Breckenridge, James, on board of visitors of University of Virginia, 509 Breckenridge, John, letters to, 370, 371, 416 British colonies, contractual theory of government of, 45, 46; regulation of commerce of, 46, 47; rights of, 48-53. See also American Revolution Brunswick, Duke of, defeat, 273 Buchan, Lord, letter to, 444 Budget, presented by Jefferson, 146 Buffon, G. L. L. de, theory of, concerning animals in America, 121, 122 Burke, "History of Virginia", 12, 515 Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques, quotation from, 73 Burnaby, English tourist, quoted on Virginia colonists, 42 Burr, Col. Aaron, letters to, 332, 354; nominated for Vice-Presidency (1800), 362; in the 1800-election, 369-373; his presence in government an annoyance to Jefferson, 382; conspiracy, 429-439; duel with Hamilton, 431 Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, 16, 17 Cabanis, P. J. G., 161; letter to, 422 Cabell, Joseph C., 507; on board of visitors of University of Virginia, 509; letters to, 512 Cabell, Gov. William H., 451 Cabinet, the President's, in Washington's time, 247; Adams's, 322, 323, 368; relation to President, 392 Callender, 356, 427; employed by Jefferson, 361; Jefferson's interest in, 363; his pamphlet, "The Prospect Before Us" ("History of the Administration of John Adams"), 382 Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, 178, 182 Calvinism, 522 Canning, George, 453 Capital, of United States, seat of, 252, 253 Capitol, at Washington, the new, question of putting inscription on, 479 Caracas, constitution of, 498 Carleton, Guy, governor of Canada, 111 Carmichael, 198, 211, 226, 263, 276, 288 Carr, Dabney, death, 40, 41 Carr, Peter, 21, 175 Carrington, Edward, letters to, 196, 213, 219 Carthagenes, constitution of, 498 Cary, Col. Archibald, 139 Ceres, sailing-vessel, 153, 159 Champion de Cicé, Archbishop of Bordeaux, 235 Charlottesville, Va., war prisoners at, 109 Chase, Judge Samuel, impeachment of, 387-389 Chastellux, Chevalier de, friend of Jefferson, 154 Chesapeake-Leopard affair, 451-453 Church, Mrs., 298, 299 Church of England, in Virginia, 90, 103 Cincinnati, Society of the, 152, 306 Clay, Rev. Mr. Charles, subscription for support of, 103-105 Clinton, George, Vice-President, 395, 463, 464 Cocke, J. H., on board of visitors of University of Virginia, 509 Collot, Gen., 402 Colvin, J. B., letter to, 469 Comité du Commerce, 178, 183 Commerce, one of the great causes of war, 83; Treaty of, 143, 144; Gallo-American, 181-184; Report of Jefferson on Privileges and Restrictions of, 302 Commercial monopolies, 151, 152 Commercial treaties, 149-152 Committees of safety, 54 Confederation, Treaty of Commerce, 143, 144; defects in, 145, 146, 195, 197; monetary system, 146, 147; new States, 148; slavery, 148, 149; hereditary titles, 148, 149; commercial treaties, 149-152. See also Articles of Confederation; United States Congress, first proposal for, 44. See also Continental Congress Congressional election, see Election Congressional Library, destroyed by English, 476 Constitution of United States, 195-202 Continental Congress, First, 54, 83; Second, 59; of the Confederation, 143-152 Contraband, 151, 152, 422, 423 Cooper, Thomas, 510; letters to, 492, 512, 521 Coray, Mr., 516 Corny, M. de, 234 Corny, Madame de, 161, 245, 246, 274, 298, 299 Correa de Serra, 484, 516 Coxe, Tench, letters to, 304, 371, 372 Crawford, Dr. John, letter to, 480 Crimes and punishments, in Virginia, 93-95 Cuba, 470, 485 Cutting, letter to, 225 Dalrymple, Sir John, his "Essay Towards a General History of Feudal Property", 30 Dandridge, Mr., 14 Danville, Duchesse, 274 Deane, Silas, quoted on Southern delegates to first Continental Congress, 42; elected commissioner to France, 87 Dearborn, Henry, Secretary of War in Jefferson's Cabinet, 374 Debts of United States, foreign, domestic, and State, 250-255, 258 "Déclaration Européenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", Lafayette, 232-234 Declaration of Independence, the story of, 69-71; origin of, 71-74, 77; as literature, 72; "the pursuit of happiness" in, 75-76; highest achievement of eighteenth-century philosophy, 76; suggests tone of Greek tragedy, 77 Declaration of Rights of 1774, 73 Declaration on Violation of Rights, adopted by First Continental Congress, 83 Dejean, Lieut., 111 Democrat, sailing-vessel, 294 Democratic societies, 306, 334 De Moustier, letter to, 254 Destutt de Tracy, A. L. C., meeting with Jefferson, 161; letter to, 484; his "Political Economy", 495; living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, 514 Dexter, Samuel, Secretary of War in Adams's Cabinet, 368; Secretary of the Treasury in Adams's Cabinet, 374 Dickinson, John, in Continental Congress, 60; letter of, 361 Dictator, proposition for appointment of, 127, 128 Douglas, Dr., clergyman, 5, 20 Duane, William, flogged, 355; letter to, 475 Dumas, financial agent of the United States at the Hague, 185, 187, 197, 209, 252, 253, 289 Dunbar, William, discussions with Jefferson, 371 Dunglison, Dr., on visitors at Monticello, 516; on Jefferson's religious belief, 520; his account of Jefferson's death, 531 Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, governor of Virginia, 43, 44, 54, 55, 66 Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre S., Jefferson's association with, 215; his "Plan of a National Education", 358, 506, 507, 512; theories and practice of, 395; correspondence with Jefferson, 405-409, 411, 414, 415, 420, 452, 471, 478, 493, 497, 498, 514; and the Louisiana problem, 407-409, 412-415; never fully understood Jefferson, 496; draws up plan of government for the "Equinoctial republics", 498; living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, 513, 514 Edwards, Jonathan, 430 Election, of 1792, 272, 273; of 1796, 316-319; of 1800, 363-373; of 1804, 389, 395 Ellsworth, Oliver, appointed Plenipotentiary to France, 355 Embargo of 1807, 428, 456-462, 470, 471 "Encyclopédie Méthodique", 160, 214 English, their monopoly of the American market, 326, 327 Entails, abolished in Virginia, 88, 89 Epicurism, 521 Eppes, Mrs., sister of Mrs. Jefferson, 153 Equinoctial republics, 498 Essex case, 447 Estaing, Admiral d', 206 Euripides, 22, 24 Eustis, Dr. William, letter to, 461 Excise tax, 254, 255, 393; revolt against (Whisky Insurrection), 305, 306; Jefferson's bitterness against, 306, 307 Expatriation, doctrine of, 47, 50, 89, 107 Fairfax resolutions, 45-48 Farmers-general, 177-181 Farming taxes, 177-181 Fauquier, Dr., of Floirac, 12 Fauquier, Gov. Francis, his intimacy with Jefferson, 12, 13 Federal Government, prerogatives of, 83 Federalist, the, 200 Federalists, their power broken, 355, 362; in election of 1800, 367-373, 389; in Jefferson's administration, 380, 381 Feudal system, abolishment of, in Virginia, 88, 89 Fleming, William, letters to, 78, 79; on committee on religion, 89 Florida, Western and Eastern, 445, 446 Foster, Dwight, Senator, makes offer to Jefferson, 373 Fox blockade, 450 France, educational system of, 98; colonizing designs of, feared, 207; difficulties with, 288, 323-325, 331-342, 440, 447-462. See also French Revolution Franklin, Benjamin, on committee of Continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62; his part in Declaration of Independence, 69, 70; on committee to suggest United States seal, 86; elected commissioner to France, 87; Jefferson's view of, 122; appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce, 152, 162; interview with Jefferson, 247 Franklin, William Temple, papers entrusted to, by Benjamin Franklin, 247 Free ports, 182 Freedom of speech, 427 Freedom of the press, importance of, 203, 427 Freedom of thought, Jefferson's understanding of, 103 Freeholders, rights of, 52 French constitution, 143 French debt, of United States, 176, 177, 181, 182, 184-193 French Revolution, Declaration of June 23, 1793, 76; Declaration of May 29, 1793, 82; Assembly of the Notables, 219-222, 225; convocation of States-General, 227, 229; National Assembly, 231, 232; capture of the Bastille, 235; defeat of Duke of Brunswick, 273; becomes international issue, 279; flight of king, 282; execution of king, 287 Freneau, Philip, his paper, the National Gazette, 261-263, 269 Fry, Joshua, professor in William and Mary College, 5 Gallatin, Albert, defies excise law, 305; speech of, 311; letter to, 480 Gates, Horatio, letters to, 416, 445 Gazette of the United States, attacks Jefferson, 268, 269 Geismer, Baron de, 110, 163 Generations of men, rights of, 234 Genêt, Citizen Edmond C., the case of, 288-297 Gerry, Elbridge, letters to, 325, 351-353; appointed envoy extraordinary to France, 333 Ghent, Treaty of, 485 Giles, William B., and Jefferson, 311; letters to, 307, 309, 436 Gilmer, Francis Walker, and Jefferson, 253; sent to England to recruit faculty for University of Virginia, 511 "Government by the people", 237 Granger, Gideon, letter to, 363 Great Britain, United States debt to, 186-193; her hatred of United States, 208, 209; and France, war between, 288, 440, 447-462; her navy, policies of, in regard to contraband and impressment, 422, 423 Greene, William, letter to, 356 Hamilton, Alexander, quarrel with Jefferson, 127, 255-258, 263, 265, 266, 268-271; Secretary of the Treasury, 247; Jefferson gives estimate of, 248; Reports of, 249; his Bank Bill, 255-257; his actions supported by Washington, 271; attitude toward England, 290; and Whisky Insurrection, 306; would encourage American manufactures, 327, 443; his plans of administrative reorganization, 349, 350; in election campaign of 1800, 367, 368; duel with Burr, 431 Hamilton, Gov., of Kaskakias, 111 Hammond, George, British minister to United States, 291, 292 Hardy, Samuel, delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140 Harrison, Gov., letters to, 145, 415 Hawkesbury, Lord, 402, 404 Hawkins, Col. Benjamin, discussions with Jefferson, 358; letter to, 364 Hay, George, 436 Helvétius, Madame, 161, 215 Henry, Patrick, and Jefferson, 14, 15, 26, 27, 37, 63; his study of the law, 28; after passage of Boston Port Bill, 43; and Jefferson's "Summary View", 47; speech at second Virginia Convention, 54; opposes Bill to Abolish Entails, 89; seconds motion for appointment of dictator, 127; appointed Plenipotentiary to France, 355 Hereditary titles, in the Confederation, 148, 149 Hervey, John, guardian of Jefferson, 8 Hobbes, Thomas, 82 Holland, United States debt to, 187-193 Hopkinson, Francis, 200 Hopkinson, Mrs., 153 Houdetot, Madame d', 161, 274 Howe, Lord, negotiations of Franklin with, 247 Howick, Lord, 450 Humboldt, Baron Alexander von, letter to, 481 Humphreys, Col. David, secretary of legation in Paris, 153, 159, 223, 228 Immigration, Jefferson's views of, 123-125 Impeachment, the Republican understanding of, 385, 387 "Implied powers", doctrine of, 256 Impressment, of British sailors on neutral vessels, 423; an issue of the War of 1812, 478 Income tax, 494 Indians, 7; study of customs and languages of, 99; atrocities of, in American Revolution, 111; eloquence of, 121; affairs of, treated in Jefferson's second inaugural, 425-427 Industrialism, dangers of, 492 Isham, Mary, 3 Jackson, Andrew, 431 Jacobins, see Republicans Jay, John, letters to, 223, 224, 231, 234, 236, 239. See also Jay treaty Jay, Gov. John, letter to, 491 Jay treaty, 305, 307, 308, 316, 324 Jefferson, Lucy Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, 139; death, 163 Jefferson, Martha, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, her account of Mrs. Jefferson's death, 138; date of birth, 139; accompanies father to Europe, 153, 159; marriage, 246; at Monticello, 300; Jefferson's farewell message to, 532 Jefferson, Mary, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, 139, 161; joins father in Paris, 163 Jefferson, Peter, father of Thomas Jefferson, 4, 5 Jefferson, Mrs. Peter, see Randolph, Jane Jefferson, Thomas, birth, 3; ancestry and parentage, 3-5; "Autobiography", see below; schooling, 5-7; early reading, 6; life at Shadwell, 6-8; at William and Mary College, 8-17; oratorical ambitions, 14; influence of Patrick Henry upon, 14, 15, 26, 27, 37; love episode with Rebecca Burwell, 16-18; commonplace books, 19, see also below; change in religious belief, 19-24; distrust of women, 22; his system of morality, 24-26, see also Morality; influence of Greek Stoics upon, 26; studies law, 27-31; his revindication of the Saxon liberties, 31, 32; his acquaintance with languages and books, 33; practices law, 34, 36; life as farmer at Shadwell, 34, 35; his "Garden Books", 35, 39; his scorn of rhetoric, 36, 37; character of his mind, 37; in House of Burgesses, 38; his library, 39; marriage, 39, 40; life at Monticello, 41; after passing of Boston Port Bill, 43, 44; his declaration of mutual defence, 45; writes Albemarle resolutions, 45-47; his doctrine of expatriation, 47, 50, 89, 107; drafts instructions to Virginia delegates to first Continental Congress, 47, 53; his "A Summary View of the Rights of British America", 48-53; his discussion of land tenures, 49; speaks as pioneer, 52, 53; in second Virginia Convention, 54; delegate to second Continental Congress, 54, 55, 64; his part of "Declaration of the Cause of Taking Up Arms", 59-62; his answer to Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62; influence of Greek and Latin orators on his style, 63; his view of independence, 63-65; his absence from Congress during preliminary steps to Declaration of Independence, 66; appointed Lieutenant and Commander in chief of the Militia of the County of Albemarle, 66; drafts constitution for Virginia, 66-69; and the Declaration of Independence, 69-78; resigns from Congress and enters Virginia Legislature, 78, 79; his view of the social compact and liberty, 80-82, 85, 204, 365, 498; his philosophy of natural and civil rights, 80-85, 106, 204, 346, 365; his conception of state sovereignty, 82, 83; his views on property, 84, 85; his suggestion for United States seal, 86; the source of his political philosophy, 87; refuses post of commissioner to France, 87, 88; birth of son, 88; his part in revision of laws of Virginia, 88-103; starts subscription for Rev. Charles Clay, 103-105; his doctrine of government, 105-107; as Governor of Virginia, 107-114; his attitude toward British prisoners, 109-112; a stern, but little observed, trait in his character, 111-113; nearly taken by the British, 113; charges against his conduct as governor, 114, 115; impatient at public criticism, 115; refuses new appointment to European post, 115, 116; his determination to return to private life, 116-118, 153; his description of natural scenery, 120, 121; his studies in natural history, 121, 122; his answer to Abbé Raynal, 122, 123; his views on immigration, 123-125; his combination of faith and pessimism in reference to government, 125, 126; his view of the best government, 126, 127; his opposition to dictator, 127, 128; his belief in efficacy of universal suffrage, 129, 130; his pessimism as regards human nature and human society, 130; his views of slavery and the Negro, 131, see also Slavery; his view of American civilization as agricultural, 132; advises peace and preparedness, 133, 134; his ideal picture of America, 135, 136; death of his wife, 137, 138; appointed Plenipotentiary to Europe, but appointment canceled, 139, 140; delegate to Congress (June, 1782 to July 5, 1784), 140, 143-152; founds American monetary system, 147; appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce with foreign nations, 152; his qualifications for European task, 153-155; his quarters in Paris, 159; his views of Paris, 160; his friends and acquaintances at Paris, 161, 162; rooms in Carthusian Monastery, 163; his travels in Europe, 164-171; advises against sending youth to Europe, 172; compares Europe with America, 173-175; his duties at Paris, 176; and foreign debts, 176, 177, 181-193; and the tobacco trade, 177-181; his efforts to promote Gallo-American commerce, 181-184; puts all questions on a practical basis, 194; his views on the American Constitution, 195-202; his political philosophy, 203-205; his management of the problem of the Barbary pirates, 205-207; his fear of French, English, and Spanish designs in New World, 207-211; his belief in policy of isolation for United States, 211, 212; originates policy of watchful waiting, 214; his attitude toward French Revolution, 215-237; draws up "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation", 230; his emendations and corrections to Lafayette's "Déclaration Européenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", 232-234; his house made the scene of French committee meeting, 235-237; how far he believed in "government by the people", 237, 238; on the French people, 238-240; asserts one standard of morality for nations and individuals, 240, 241; accepts post of Secretary of State, 245, 246; pays respects to Franklin, 247; the "Anas", 248, 251, 295, 515; his attitude toward United States debts, 250-255; quarrel with Hamilton, 255-258, 263, 265, 266, 268-271; his opposition to Bank Bill, 255-258; his theory of State rights, 257, 365; his quarrel with Adams, 258-261; reaches an impasse, 264; his proposed changes in Virginia Constitution, 264, 265; his indictment of Hamilton's system, 265-267; urges Washington to run a second time for Presidency, 267; attacked by Gazette of the United States, 268, 269; becomes leader of new party, 269; his fears of a monarchy, 271, 272, 344; letters to French friends, 274; his practical idealism, 275, 381, 382; efforts to obtain New Orleans, 276-278; becomes sympathetic with republican government in France, 278-280, 282, 285-287; his efforts to obtain commercial privileges with West Indies, 280-282; cautious in action, 283; his principles as to recognition of foreign governments, 284, 286; and the war between England and France, and Citizen Genêt, 287-297; resigns Secretaryship, 297; in retirement at Monticello, 298-320; his admiration for Madame de Corny, 298, 299; avoids politics, 299-303; his Report on the Privileges and Restrictions of the Commerce of the United States, 302; hopes for avoidance of war with Great Britain, 303-305; views on current political events, 308-313; writes indiscreet letter to Mazzei, 312, 333; pen-portrait of, 314, 315; chosen Vice-President, 320; attempted reconciliation with Adams, 321, 322, 325; desires peace with Europe, 324, 326, 337, 339, 343; his "Parliamentary Manual", 325; his view of manufactures, 327, 329; forms certain political conclusions, 334, 335; his self-mastery, 339, 340; opposed to break in the Union, 340, 341; newspaper war against, 341, 343; his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, 345; luminous exposition of his doctrine (program of the Democratic party), 351, 352; as political leader, 352-362; nominated for Presidency (1800), 362; in the campaign, 363-368; in the election, 368-373; inauguration, 375; inaugural address, 379; his removals from office, 380, 381; his attack on the judiciary, 383-390, 436; reëlected (1804), 389, 395; convinced of the evil of the intrusion of churches into politics, 390; hostility to, 390, 391; his relation to Cabinet members, 392; his reform in financial system of United States, 393; his attitude toward agriculture and manufactures, 394, 395; his imperialist views, 398-400, 449; and Louisiana Purchase, 405-421; sends Lewis on Western exploring expedition, 421, 422; his policy in war between England and France, 424, 440, 441, 444, 447-462; his second inaugural address, 425-428, 442; the ordeal of his second term, 428, 429; inconsistency of his conduct in Burr case, 437-439; tries to obtain the Floridas, 445, 446; offers alliance with England, 446; writes to Alexander of Russia concerning rights of neutrals, 448; imperialistic proposition of, 449; his letters, 468, 514, 516; his views of Executive and Congress, 468-470; opposed to English mercantilism, 471; his detestation of English policies and rulers, 470-473; his ideas on War of 1812, 473-478; offers library to Congress, 477; his feeling for England as distinguished from English government, 479; opinions on affairs of Europe and South America, 479-486; and the Monroe Doctrine, 483, 486-488; formulates the gospel of American democracy, 489; economic and banking theories of, 490-496; his view of best government for France, 496, 497; his theory of the function of the people in a democracy, 499-502; sees germs of national weakness in United States government, 502-505; his services to education (University of Virginia), 505-512; his interests, 514-516; his conclusion on the future of democracy, 517; reconciliation with Adams, 518, 519; his later religious views, 519-528; his faith in ultimate recognition of ideals, 528, 529; his last years and death, 529-532 "Autobiography", references to, 4, 53, 80, 88, 91, 93, 105, 108, 148, 236; quoted on proposal for Congress, 44; on expatriation, 47; on Jefferson's retirement from Congress, 79; on simplification of statutes, 92; on self-government of the people, 106; on method of composition used in "Notes on Virginia", 119; on attendance at Congress, 143; on Committee of Congress, 145; on Jefferson's duties in Paris, 176; picture of events preceding French Revolution in, 224; on refusal of invitation to attend meeting of French committee, 235; the writing of, 515 "Commonplace Book", 19, 39; law matters in, 28-30; provincialism in, 32; Kames quoted in, 45, 84; on rights of Dominion of Virginia, 46; passages from James Wilson in, 73; Montesquieu and Beccaria copied in, 94; extracts on history of Common Law in, 101; on death, 530, 531; other references to, 47, 49 "Literary Bible", 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 41; provincialism in, 32; Milton in, 40 "Notes on Virginia", references to, 69, 98, 100, 101, 103, 153, 164, 169, 171, 215, 425, 508; publication of, 118-120; contents of, 120-136; memorandum on new constitution for Virginia in, 141; on value of education, 505 Jones, Prof. Hugh, his description of Williamsburg, 8 Jones, Paul, 207 Jones, Dr. Walter, letter to, 499 Journal de Paris, imprisonment of chief editor of, 217 Judiciary, assault on, under Jefferson, 383-390, 436 Judiciary Act of 1801, repeal of, 384 Kaims (Kames), Henry Home, Lord, his "Historical Law Tracts", 29, 30; on mutual defence, 45; his distinction of "property" and "possession", 84, 85; referred to, 304 Kant, Immanuel, criterium of, 525 Keith, Mary, wife of Thomas Marshall, 4 Kentucky nullification resolutions, 345-347 Kercheval, Samuel, letter to, 234, 504 King, Rufus, 402-405, 408 Knox, Gen. Henry, Secretary of War under Washington, 247 Kosciusko, 516 Lafayette, Marquis de, his plan for a "declaration of the rights of man and the citizen", 76; sent to arrest Arnold, 108; friend of Jefferson, 154; his family and friends, 161; and the tobacco monopoly, 177-179; efforts of, in commercial transactions, 181, 182; and the Barbary pirates, 206; advice of Jefferson to, 220; Jefferson sends "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation" to, 230; letters of, 232; his "Déclaration Européenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", 232-234; brings about committee meeting in Jefferson's house, 236; letters to, 274, 283; living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, 514; his final leave-taking of Jefferson, 531 Lambert, British traveler, 460 Lamothe, Lieut., 111 Land Office, ordinance concerning establishment of, 149 Land tenures, origin of, 49 "La Peyrouse's voyage to the South Seas", 207 La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, visits Monticello, 313-315, 327 Latude, Jean Henri de, 219 Law, Thomas, letters to, 478, 524 Law, and free institutions, in Saxon society, 31, 32 "Law of nature", 23 League of Nations, 330 Lee, Arthur, delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140 Lee, C., appointed judge by Adams, 374 Lee, F. L., of Virginia Assembly, 43 Lee, Richard H., of Virginia Assembly, 43; on committee of continental Congress appointed to answer Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62; assists in framing resolution instructing colonies to form governments, 66; mentioned, 79 Lee, Thomas Ludwell, appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90-92 Leib, Dr., 311, 343; letter to, 458 Lewis (Merriwether) and Clark (William) Expedition, 421, 422 Liberty, Jefferson's definition of, 82 Lincoln, Abraham, Gettysburg address, 77 Little Sarah, British prize, 294 Livingston, Edward, member of Congress from New York, 368 Livingston, Robert R., on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, 69; letters to, 362, 368, 419; United States Minister to France, 374; and Louisiana, 402-416 Lobbying, 502 Locke, John, his "Treatise on Civil Government", 30; and the Declaration of Independence, 71, 72; his hypothesis of society, 82, 84, 204 Logan, Dr., idealistic pacifist, 341 Logan Law, 350 Louis XVI, Jefferson's pen-portrait of, 222, 229; flight of, 282; execution of, 287 Louisiana Purchase, 393, 400-421 "Louisianais", acceptance of, to citizenship, 423 McGregory, letter to, 365 McHenry, James, Secretary of War in Cabinets of Washington and Adams, 323, 336; dismissed by Adams, 368 Madison, Bishop, discusses religion with Jefferson, 358 Madison, James, disapproves of Jefferson's determination to withdraw from public life, 117; delegate to Congress, 140; Jefferson's correspondence with, 198, 222, 231, 234, 239, 240, 291, 302, 303, 306, 307, 335, 337, 338, 347, 351, 355, 462, 468, 476; urges Jefferson to accept post of Secretary of State, 246; Jefferson's unofficial representative in Congress, 250, 251; Bank Bill opposed by, 255; speeches, 257; his copy of "The Rights of Man", 258; accompanies Jefferson on trip, 259; objections to, as Minister to France, 321, 322; envoy to France, 324; silent on French dispute, 339; recommends Virginia nullification resolutions, 345; letter of, 411; election of, to Presidency, 464; on board of visitors to University of Virginia, 509 Madrid, Treaty of, 403 Mann, Thomas, letter to, 308 Manufactures, Hamilton's Report on, 249, 266; Hamilton's view of, 327; Jefferson's view of, 327-329; change in Jefferson's view of, 491, 492 "Marbury versus Madison", 384, 385 Marshall, John, ancestry, 3; appointed envoy extraordinary to France, 333; returns from France, 341; Secretary of State in Adams's Cabinet, 368; administers oath to Jefferson, 375; head of Federalists, 381; his decision in "Marbury versus Madison", 384, 385; asserts power of Supreme Court to declare law unconstitutional, 385, 386; findings of, in Burr conspiracy case, 433, 434, 436, 437; his "History of Washington", 515 Marshall, Thomas, family of, 4 Martin, Luther, in Chase impeachment case, 389 Mason, George, resolutions written by, 45, 46, 48; "Virginia Bill of Rights" written by, 73; appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90-93; mentioned, 251 Mason, John, letter to, 455 Mason, Stephens Thompson, letter to, 344 Mason, Thomas, 307 Mathews, Col. George, 112 Maury, James, letters to, 454, 473, 478 Maury, Rev. Dr., schoolmaster, 6, 20, 63 Mazzei, Philip, neighbor and friend of Jefferson, 35; letters to, 321, 333, 391 Mellish, John, traveler, 460 Mercer, John F., delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140, 273 Mexico, 481 Middlemen, in tobacco trade, 177-181 "Midnight judges", 373, 374, 385 Milton, John, his accusations against female usurpations, 22; quotation from, 40 Mint, Hamilton's Report on Establishment of, 249 Mississippi, navigation of, 276 Missouri question, 502, 503 Mitchell, Dr., unpublished letter to, 390 Monocrats, 273, 306, 316 Monroe, James, disapproves of Jefferson's determination to withdraw from public life, 117; delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140; Jefferson's correspondence with, 217, 251, 260, 290, 301-303, 316, 317, 354, 357, 363, 373, 399, 463, 485, 486; on Washington's proclamation of neutrality, 293; sent as special envoy to France to negotiate for Louisiana, 411, 413, 415, 416; his fear of alliance of Great Britain and France against United States, 423; negotiates, with Pinkney, treaty with England, 448-450; considered for Presidency in 1808, 463, 464; on board of visitors to University of Virginia, 509 Monroe Doctrine, 483, 486-488 Montaigne, M. E. de, 130 Montesquieu, Baron de, 233 Monticello, the building of, 34, 39; life at, 41; Jefferson in retirement at, 298-320; a self-supporting economic unit, 327, 467; visitors to, 515 Montmorency, 234 Montmorin, Minister, 220, 237, 274, 278 Morality, and religion, 24, 25, 523-525; test of, 525; code of, 526 Morellet, Abbé, translator of "Notes on Virginia", 118; meets Jefferson, 161, 215 Morocco, Emperor, treaty with, 312 Morris, Gouverneur, his accusation against Jefferson, 224; letters to, 254, 263, 286, 293, 294, 295; Minister to France, 283; letters from, 284; conduct as Minister to France, 323; offers to use political influence for Jefferson, 372 Morris, Robert, Financier of U. S., 146, 179 Mutual defence, 45, 84 National Gazette, foundation of, 261-263 Natural Bridge, description of, 120, 175 Necker, Jacques, 229, 231 Negro, Jefferson's view of status of, 131 Nelson, Gen., elected governor of Virginia, 113 Nelson, Thomas, Jr., letter to, 66 Neutrality, Washington's proclamation of, 289, 293; Jefferson's policy of, 424 New Granada, constitution of, 498 New London Bee, 368 New Orleans, Jefferson's efforts to obtain, 276-278 Nicholas, George, his charges against Jefferson, 114, 115, 127; proposes dictator 127; his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, 345 Nicholas, Robert C., 28 Nicholas, Wilson C., his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, 345; refutes Federalists, 357 Nicholson, Joseph N., member of Congress, 372 Nock, A. J., historian of Jefferson, 457, 458 Non-Intercourse Act, 461 North, Lord, his "Conciliatory Proposition", 54; Jefferson's answer to his "Conciliatory Proposition", 62 Nullification resolutions, 345-347 Ogden, John, arrest of, 354 Ogilvie, James, 502 Oratory, American school of, 388, 389 Orders in Council (Nov. 11, 1807), 453, 457 Otis, H. G., nominated District Attorney by Adams, 374 Page, John, Jefferson's correspondence with, 15, 16, 19, 20, 38, 78, 166; on committee on religion, 89 Paine, Thomas, his "Common Sense", influence of, 60; letter to, 227, 228; his "The Rights of Man", 258-261; Jefferson's regard for, resented, 390, 391 Paradise, Comtesse Barziza, Lucy, 162 Parsons, Theophilus, nominated Attorney-General, 373 "Parson's Case", 15 Patowmac River, 120 Pendleton, Edmund, letters to, 78, 87, 88; opposes Bill to Abolish Entails, 89; appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90; appeal of Jefferson to, 353; congratulates Jefferson, 362 Physiocrats, 142, 233, 328, 395, 471, 493-495, 498 Pichon, French chargé at The Hague, 354; Minister in Washington, 419 Pickering, Judge, impeachment of, 384 Pickering, Timothy, in Cabinets of Washington and Adams, 323, 336; dismissed by Adams, 368 Picket, F. J., of Geneva, 507 Pinckney, Charles, Minister to Spain, 402; letter to, 458 Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, his treatment by the French Directory, 324, 325, 331; appointed envoy extraordinary to France, 333; nominated for Vice-Presidency (1800), 362; candidate for President (1808), 464 Pinckney, Thomas, Minister to Great Britain, 290; letter to, 331 Pinkney, William, and Monroe, negotiate treaty with England, 448-450 Politics, foreign and domestic, 248 Presidential election, see Election Priestley, Joseph, letters to, 358, 420, 517; befriended by Jefferson, 366; his "Hints Concerning Public Education", 506; his treatise, "Of Socrates and Jesus compared", 526 Privateering, 151, 152 Privateers, outfitted and commissioned by Genêt, 291, 292 "Proclamation announcing ratification of definitive treaties, Draft for", 144 Property, the right to, 83-85, 233; and possession, distinction between, 85 Prospect, 361 Protestants, edict on, 224 Public opinion, 203, 204, 301, 429 "Pursuit of happiness", as a right, 75, 76 Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Va., 9, 17, 23, 44 Randolph, Edmund, letters to, 115, 117, 254, 300; Attorney-General under Washington, 247, 255, 256, 292; opinion of, attacked by Jefferson, 309 Randolph, Jane, mother of Thomas Jefferson, 3, 4; death, 65, 78 Randolph, John, 28; removes to England, 63, 64, 107 Randolph, John, of Roanoke, refutes Federalists, 356; in Chase impeachment case, 389; "Resolution" of, on judiciary, 390; leader of discontented Republicans, 428; his "Remonstrance of the people of Louisiana", 429; his attacks on Madison, 439 Randolph, Peyton, 28, 47, 63; president of first Continental Congress, 54; recalled from Congress, 54 Randolph, Mrs. Sarah, her "Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson", 529 Randolph, Thomas Mann, Jr., marries Martha Jefferson, 246; letters to, 251, 262, 263, 293; at Monticello, 301 Randolph, William, 3 Raynal, Abbé, his application of theory of Buffon to American settlers, 122; answer of Jefferson to, 122, 123 Religion, and morality, 24, 25, 523, 527 Religious freedom, in Virginia, 89, 90, 100-103 Republicans, in election of 1792, 273 Richmond, Va., establishment of Free Public Library at, 99 Riedesel, Maj.-Gen. Baron de, 110 Rights, natural and civil, 80-85, 204, 233, 346 Rochefoucauld, Comtesse de la, 162 Rochefoucauld, Duc de La, 274 Rodney, Caesar A., letter to, 469 Rotation in office, 502 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, his hypothesis of society, 82, 84; on morality, 525 Rush, Benjamin, 458; deplores estrangement of Jefferson and Adams, 518; Jefferson writes "Syllabus of an Estimate of the Merit of the Doctrines of Jesus, compared with those of others" for, 526, 527 Rush, Richard, letter to, 489 Rutledge, letters to, 225, 309, 317, 330, 334, 335 Saint Étienne, Rabaud de, Jefferson sends "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation" to, 230 San Ildefonso, Treaty of, 402 Santo Domingo, and Government of the United States, 283, 285 Sedgwick, Theodore, speaker of the House, 373 Sedition Law, 342-347, 383 Seward, W. W., letter to, 212 Shadwell, Jefferson estate, 3, 7, 8, 28, 32, 34, 35; burning of, 38, 39 Shaw, Samuel, consul at Canton, 289 Sherman, Roger, on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, 69 "Shirt-sleeve" diplomacy, 178 Short, William, private secretary of Jefferson, 153, 159; studies French, 161; correspondence with Jefferson, 275-277, 280, 282, 285, 288, 398, 462, 517, 521; transferred to the Hague, 283; rebuked by Jefferson, 286 Skelton, Bathurst, 39 Skelton, Martha, married to Jefferson, 39, 40; death, 137, 138; grave and inscription, 138 Slavery, Jefferson's attitude toward, 119, 131, 142, 148, 152, 492, 503; in the Confederation, 148, 149 Small, Dr. William, professor in William and Mary College, his intimacy with Jefferson, 11-13, 63 Smith, Rev. Cotton Mather, his accusation against Jefferson, 363 Smith, James, letter to, 520 Smith, Robert, Attorney-General, 437 Smith, Samuel H., letters to, 343, 477 Smith, Col. W. S., 287, 288 Social compact, Jefferson's view of, 45, 46, 80-82, 85, 204, 365, 498 Society, man and, conflict between, 107; contractual and physiocratic doctrines of, 141, 142 South America, see Spanish colonies Spanish colonies in America, 209-211; revolt of, 481-485 Sprigg resolution, against war with France, 337, 338 Staël, Madame de, Jefferson's correspondence with, 476 State rights, Jefferson's theory of, 257, 365 State sovereignty, Jefferson's conception of, 82, 83 State universities, 512 States, provision for new, 148, 149 Stewart, Dugald, 5, 11 Stoddart, Benjamin, Secretary of the Navy in Adams's Cabinet, 374 Stuart, Archibald, 264 Suffrage, universal, 129, 130; limitation of, 499 Sullivan, Francis Stoughton, his "An Historical Treatise of the Feudal Laws and the Constitution of the Laws of England", 30 Supreme Court, Jefferson's attitude toward, 346; Marshall's doctrine of the powers of, 385, 386 Swartwout, and the Burr conspiracy, 432, 433 Tariff, and the French debt, 181; belief and practice in, 212, 213; advocated by Jefferson's party, 394 Tarleton, Col. Sir Bannastre, attempts to capture Legislature and Governor of Virginia, 113 Taxation, forms of, 493, 494 Taylor, John, letter to, 347; efforts to secure appointment of dictator, 356 Taylor, Keith, appointed judge by Adams, 374 Tazewell, H., letter to, 308 Ternant, French Minister to United States, 287, 290, 291 Tessé, Madame de, 161, 170, 221; correspondence with, 514 Thomson, Charles, letter to, 530 Ticknor, George, 510 Tobacco monopoly, 177-181 Tott, Madame de, 162 "Transfers", problem of, 181 Treaties, see Commercial treaties Treaty of Alliance with France (1778), 211, 212 Treaty of Commerce, with Great Britain, 143, 144 Trial by jury, 237 Tripoli, war with, 443 Trist, Mrs., 163, 216, 530 Unger, Louis de, German officer, 110 Unitarianism, 520 United States, suggestions for seal of, 86; proclaimed as one nation, 144, 150; establishment of monetary system of, 146, 147; provision for new States, 148; foreign debts, 176, 177, 181, 182, 184-193; western lands, sale of, 188; Constitution, 195-202; desire of isolation, 211; often accused of hypocrisy in foreign dealings, 213; has tried to combine political aloofness and industrial and commercial development, 330; relation to foreign nations, 396; neutrality of, in war between England and France, 424, 440; imports and exports of, at beginning of nineteenth century, 440; population of, at beginning of nineteenth century, 441. See also American Revolution; Articles of Confederation; Declaration of Independence; Louisiana Purchase University of Geneva, 505 University of Virginia, 509-512 Vans Murray, American Minister at The Hague, 349, 354 Vans Murray-Pichon papers, 354, 355 Venable, 356 Vergennes, Charles G., Count de, 178, 185, 206 Virginia, family life in, before the Revolution, 4; books in, 5; religion in, 6; plantation life in, 35, 41; House of Burgesses, 38, 54; temper of colonists of, 42; Constitution (1776), drafted by Jefferson, 67-69; revision of laws of, 88-107; ideas on new constitution for, 140-143; Jefferson proposes changes in constitution, 264. See also American Revolution; Shadwell; Williamsburg Virginia Bill of Rights, 73, 74, 76, 83, 100 Virginia Convention, first, 47, 53; second, 54 Virginia nullification resolutions, 345-347 Virginia Company of Comedians, 34 Volney, Constantin F. C. B., Count de, 319, 339, 340, 366, 400, 401 Walker, Col., guardian of Jefferson, 10, 11 War of 1812, 473-478 Washington, D. C., in 1800, 362 Washington, George, presides over Assembly of Fairfax County, 45; and Jefferson, differ as regards treatment of British prisoners, 112; Jefferson's view of, 122, 139; his wines, 160; his Cabinet, 245-247; urged by Jefferson to run a second time for Presidency, 267; distressed at dissensions in Cabinet, 269; supports Hamilton's actions, 271; reëlection of, 272; letter to, 304; harsh words of Jefferson against, 311 Watchful waiting, policy of, advocated by Jefferson, 214, 423, 452 Watson, David, on board of visitors to University of Virginia, 509 Wayles, John, father-in-law of Jefferson, 39 West Indies, commerce with, 151, 280-282, 295, 329; Jefferson opposed to change of ownership of, 303 Western lands, sale of, 254 Whisky Insurrection, 305, 306 White House, burned by English, 476 Wilkinson, James, and the Burr conspiracy, 429-435, 438 William and Mary College, 8-11; reorganization of, 98, 99; transformation of, 358 Williamsburg, Va., society in, 8, 9, 34 Williamson, Hugh, discussions with Jefferson, 371 Wilson, James, and the Declaration of Independence, 73, 76 Wilson, Woodrow, political aloofness and industrial development conspicuous in his position, 330; his phrase, "too proud to fight", 398; neutrality of, 424; his hope of preserving peace, 444; his situation in 1914-1917 compared to that of Jefferson in 1808, 455, 456 Wistar, Caspar, discussions with Jefferson, 371 Wolcott, Oliver, Secretary of the Treasury under Washington and Adams, 323, 336 Woodward, Augustus S., letter to, 521 Wythe, George, professor in William and Mary College, and Jefferson, 12, 13, 27, 28, 34, 63; appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90-93; congratulates Jefferson, 362; mentioned, 310, 325 XYZ Case, 337. See also France