Index.

A, the master note in Greek pitch, 335

Aalst, Van, on Migration of the Chinese, 8, 163 Semi-tonal scale, 160 on Gong chimes, 162 Stone chimes, 163 diagram of Lüs, 173-5 Books destroyed, 186 ideas of, 189

Abydos Tombs, Petrie’s discovery of cross-string Harps, 351

Abysinnian Kissar Harp, 294

Adonis, Phœnicean, 33

Afghanistan, carvings of double flutes, 9

Agriculture, of early Chinese, 168

Akkad, the early settlement, 167-172

Akkadean Language, 169 religion, 169 Hymn, 172 tetrachord surmised, 331

Alexander the Great, 350

Alexandrian Library, 10, 342-3, philosophers, 343-4

Alypius, his scales, 149 characters used for notes in Greek music, 334 transposition of his scales by Ptolemy, 146

Amenhotep, 111 Statue of called the Memnon, 322

Amiot, Pere, Chinese Music, 158 reeds of Cheng, 173, 187 misled A. J. Ellis, 201 on flutes, 240

Amphoræ, Vases for oil, 78

Anacreon, his ten stringed lyre, 312, 335 his songs, 349

Ancestor Worship the religion of China, 168-9, orchestra for the rites, 275 Confucian Hymn, Music of, 282

Antigenedes on reed growth, 119-121

Apollo, his invention of the lyre, 14 statue of, 15 oracle of, 130 hymns to, 130 his temples, 130 the Delphic tablets and hymn, 146-150 lyre by Praxiteles, 323-342 tetrachord scheme of his lyre 336 Cretan seal of lyre 350

Arabia the Divine land 11, 161

Archilochus, musician 339

Archytas, his major third 340, contemporary with Plato 342-3,

Arghool, Egyptian reed flute 35-36, its reeds 71 description 55

Arica, Peruvian flutes from 18

Aristophanes on flutes 73

Aristotle, on the Bombyx flutes 99, on Mese 103 Aristoxenus his pupil 341 on development 348

Aristoxenus, musician and philosopher 341, his works 343

Art is the superfluous 285

Arunda Donax, for reeds 49

Ashmolean Museum, the Lady Maket pipes now in 41

Asia Minor 238, minstrels in 337

Asiatic music distracting 21

Assur-ban-ipal, slabs at British Museum 295

Assyrian, Double pipes 55, 60, Dulcimers 253 harp, representation of 262 route to Greece 350

Athenæus Pronomus 92

Athene, the Goddess, 128, 138

Athens, founding of 327

Athens Museum, Apollo 322

Auletris, flute player 73

Auloi, Greek flutes 73

Babylon, Berosus on 170

Babylonia 304, 314

Bach, J. S., use of the thumb 85

Bailey, J., Festus quoted 133

Ball, Rev. J. C., Turano Sythic speech 169

Bamboo Books, The ancient Chinese 276

Bamboo Forests in China 193

Bark, boats made of 286

Beethoven, his folk song themes 83, his melodies 180 his famous three knocks of Fate 273

Berlin Museum, Egyptian lyre in 298

Berosus on Babylon 170

Bird’s Nest or Chinese Sheng 10, 182

Blaikley, J. D., experiments on Egyptian flutes 57

Bombyx flutes 99, 102

Book of Changes, Chinese 191

Borneo, Cane Harps from 303-4

Boscawen, St. Chad, on Chaldea 4, on Persia 6 metal working 208 Lute on slab from Tello 352

Bow with boat form of early lyres 285, 289

Boxing, Etruscan to sounds of flutes 78

British Museum, relics in: Apollo, Statue of 15 Pans Pipes or Syrinx 17 Peruvian Pan pipes 18 Peruvian Stone Syrinx 17 Egyptian Gingras, part of 28-33, 48 Cymbals found in Egyptian mummy 29 Wall painting of Egyptian ladies playing the double pipes 46 Copy of a Corneto painting 60-67 Song on a Chaldean tablet 62 Fragment of flute bulb 80 Greek Monaulos, two specimens 84 Chinese Encyclopia shelved there 190 Leva flute pipe 246 Harps on Assyrian slabs 262 Roman Cornu and Trumpets 270 Litmus 271 Egyptian Boated lyres, 288 Three thousand gems, 311 Bronze of Hermes, 308 Chelys lyre, parts of, 310 Herculanæum, painting of Apollo with harps, 318 Calliope, Hymn to the Muse, 145, 163

Bruce, the Traveller, Grand Harp painting found by, 290

Brussels Museum, Catalogue of, 240 Krena Flute from, 246

Buddha and Confucius, 256

Bulb found by Maspero, 124-5

Bulbs for flute mouthpiece shewn on vases, 121 fragment of, in British Museum, 80

Burney, Dr., on Hermes lyre, 308 his picture of one kind of lyre, 318

Caspian Sea Mountains, 350

Capistrum for flute player, 70

Caucasian Mountains, 219, 350

Cecrops, founder of Athens, 65, 327

Cephisis, River of, 128-9

Cesnola collection at New York, 71, 100 his Salamis flute, 115

Chaldea, land of, 6, 8 Songs, 62

Chaldean Race, 170, 350 Sculpture by, 4, 208

Chappell, W., on fragment of Egyptian pipe, 33 on the tongue box, 43 reed growth, 120 Greek hymns, 143-4 harmony in Egyptian music, 302 Cleonidas quoted, 312 no Greek major scale, 348

Charites, City of, 128, 137

China, her past, 3, 4

Chinese Musical Instruments. Outspread Phœnix, 18, 157, 160 Bird’s Nest or Sheng, 152, 176, 203 Stone Chime, 160, 163 Gong chime, 162, 235 Yellow Bell and Forest, 175 Tetrachord of Bells, 216 Clarionet or Kwant-ze, 219 Monster Bell, 233, 234 Flutes, 236, 237, 244, 246 Dragon flute, 239 Se, 227, 251, 257 Hwang-chong-tche, 241, 243 Guitars, 250, 280 Violin of gourd or cocoanut, 251 Dulcimers, 253 Kin or C’hin, 259, 260, 261 Trumpets, 264, 268 Rattling Tiger, 272 Drums, 272

Chinese Notation, 10 Flat-fourths, 39, 53, 177, 205 Confucian hymn, 151 Ear for pitch, 159 Scale of P’ai-hsiao, 159 Chronology, 170 Foot measures, 172, 177 Measures and Weights, 178, 197 Enormous Encyclopedia, 190 Book of Changes, 191 Yellow Emperors foot, 196 Old Ritual, 228 Bell foundry, 232-233 Coins, 242 Strings, 252 Classics, 276 King Seang Wei, his buried books, 276 Duke Tan Foo ancestral temples, 276 Ritual Music, 277 Sect of the learned, 277 Love songs, 279 Orchestras, 280 Oldest written music, 282

Chord, as a musical term, 332

Chorebus, the poet musician, 335

Citharist players, The charm of, 346

Civilization, Primitive, 168 Origin of, 171

Clarionet, Japanese, 112 Chinese, 219

Cleonidas on seven stringed lyre, 313 His writings, 341

College of Mandarins, 190

Confucius, Hymn to, 151 on music, 190 his favourite instrument the Kin, 255, 259 ancient celebrations, 277 sacrificial hymn to, 282

Corneto Etruscan painting, 60, 67

Cretan Seal of Apollo’s Lyre, 351

Crete, stepping stone to Greece, 328

Crissa, Plains of, 130

Cromornes, their caps, 224

Cyprus, held by Egypt, 328

Danaus, founder of Argos, 65, 327

Dayr-el-Bahari Temple of, 10

De Candole, origin of wheat, 348

Debrett’s peerage Ancestor Worship, 283

Delphi, Temple of, 131 Pindar, his Iron chair at, 132 Pythagorus Sophocles Æschylus and Phideas at, 132 Music Tablets, 143 lyre, 306

Demaratus, Merchant of Corinth, 68 in Terpanders time, 334

Dennis on Etruscan Vases, 71

Diagram of Nations, 5

Diatesseron, The Greek fourth, 332

Diaulos, Greek flutes, 49, 80-85

Didymus, his minor tone, 344 his diatonic scale, 344

Dion, Statue of Hermes, 130

Dionysius on rhythm, 144 Greek hymn by, 146

Diosopolis Parva, Horn from, 225

Dirce, Fountain of, 129

Disjunct or Greater System, 341

Dragon, Chinese, 3 flute, 239

Dulcimer, Chinese, 253

Ear, Artists habit of reliance on, 333

Edkins, Dr., Akkadian and Chinese languages, 169

Edwards, Miss, at a Nubian funeral, 61

Egypt, Exploration Fund, 225

Egyptian Music unwritten, 304 Egyptian chant of Thotmes IV., 276 player on the Nay, 59 method compared with Chinese, 245

Egyptian Musical Instruments. Mamms or Twin flutes, 47, 62 Nay, 58 Seba, 58 Lyres, 13, 287-289, 297 Zummarah, 38, 57 Arghool reed flute, 35-36 its reeds, 55, 71

Elam, Land of, 167

Elgin, Lord, Lyre from Athens, 319, 323

Ellis, Dr. A. J., on Persian Scale, 7, the lutist Zalzal, 22 Arabic music, 22 test of Gong Chimes, 162 scale of Kublai Khan, 188 on Amiot, 201 scales of various nations, 201 on Japanese scales, 216-217 Greek scales founded on the fourth, 218

Emerson on the Builder, 181

Emperors Chinese. Fu-Hsi, 183, 188, 253, 263 Huang Che, the destroyer of books, 186 Hwang-ti, 171, 188, 197, 257 Shun, 188, 276 Yao, 171

Empress, Chinese, Nu-wo, 188

Encyclopedia of the Chinese, 190

Engel, Carl, on the Sheng, 201

Equal Temperament System of, 346

Erato, The Muse her Psaltery, 317 and Trigon, 321

Eratosthenes, writings on music, 344 on flutes with boxing, 78

Erech, city of the dead, 283

Etrurian Kings of Rome, 67

Etruscan double flutes, 60 Subulones, 69 tomb opening of, 66 vases, 68

Euphrates Valley and River, 167, 168, 169-170, 307

Euterpe, the Muse playing her flutes, 77

Evans, A. J., Knossos lyre seal, 351

Experiments with the Sheng pipes, 199

Ezra and Moses, 190

Feng tribes early in China, 163

Filmore, J., on Indian melodies, 247

Finding the Chinese Lüs, 165

Fingers, the fates of music, 21, 33

Flageolet pipe, 98

Flute of Ismenias, 93

Flute player with Phorbia, 70

Flutes. Diaulos, 49, 75 Subulo, 69 Bombyx, 93, 99, 102-5 Plagiaulos, 97, 104 Cyprian, 115 Egyptian, 11 holed, 122 Pindar’s, 129 Midas, 129, 139 Pompeian, 99, 106, 110 Bronze ringed, 135 Sycamore, 105 Meledosa’s, 79 Wailing, 28, 31 Theban, 129 Pronomus, 73, 92

Fourths, Ancient flat, 30, 53

Free reeds, Midas flutes, 138 Weber’s laws of, 140

Funeral in Nubia, Wailing music at, 61

Galpin, Rev. F. W., his museum, 246

Gardner, E. A., date of Praxiteles, 343

Garibaldi’s welcome, 133

Gaudentius on rhythm, 144

German flute, conical, 219

Gingroi, Lady Maket’s, 4, 28, 33

Glossocomeia, reed box, 43

Gods, Sleeping, 233 procession on Olympus, 350

Goethe, J. W., on May of life, 153

Greco-Etruscan flutes, 69

Greek Church, Music of, 106

Greek Music, Modes their growth, 84 tonal division, 91 notation, letter note, 144, 334 Doric scale, 201 twofold strain of, 330

Greek people, composite race, 65

Greek Vases. Greco-Etruscan, 66, 72 Lekythos for funeral oil, 76 Krater for mixing wine with water, 77, 81 Hydria for drawing water, 78 Amphora for Prize Winners Oil, 78 Kylix, wine cup, 83

Guitar, Chinese, 251

Hall, H. R., oldest Athens, 329

Harp, Evolution of, 285

Harps, Chaldean, 4 Egyptian Assyrian, 262 Abyssinian, 294 Abydos, cross string, 351, 290 Borneo cane, 302

Hathor, The Goddess beautiful, 11

Hautboy, reed, 35 Asiatic, 57

Hellenes or Greeks, 65

Helmholtz on harmonics, 159 scale of Olympos, 201 Ellis’s notes to on scales, 218 on Terpanders, 335

Hemitone of Pythagoras, 336

Hermes, God on the Nile, 309, 312 Statue of, 130

Herodotus, Song of Maneros, 64

Hichi-richi, Japanese Clarinet, 112, 220

Hindoo Cush, 350

Hindoos, frets and bridges, 350

Hipkins, A. J., Scale of Gingroi, 53

Hippocrene water, 325

Homer and Pindar, 127, 349 on the lyre, 308, 311 Trojan War, 329

Hope, Costume of Greeks, 316

Horn, pipe of, 225

Horns, Assyrian, Egyptian, 266 Greek and Roman, 267

Houscheng, Persian King, 8

Hunt, Leigh, on old Nile, 24

Hyagnis, Poet Musician, 330, 335

Hydria, Greek vase, 78

Hymettus, glow of, 325

Hymn to Calliope, 145 to Nemesis, 146 to Confucius, 10, 288 to Hermes, 308

India, carvings of flutes, 9 Ravanastron on violin, 350

Indians, North West Americans, flutes of, 246 in Bolivia, 245

Indus and Ganges rivers, 350

Ion of Chios, his conjunct system, 340

Iranian Mountains, 167, 349, 350

Iscariot, Judas, a musician, 43

Ismenias, his costly flute, 93

Jade, Chinese, 161

Japanese clarionet, 112, 220, 223 flat fourths in their music, 177 fine work, 225, 227 the Sho, 209 its scale, 215, 226 pitch pipes, 212 reed curve of, 225 Koto, 216, 227, 258

Jebb, Prof. on Delphian tablet, 152

Johnston, Sir H., Uganda boat, 286 the Kavibondo Harp, 293

Jubal, pipes of, 4, 209

Kanon or monochord, 347

Keats, John, on a Grecian Urn, 76 on beauty, 81 on cool vintage, 81 treasures hid, 117 teasing thought, 305 Delphic Festival, 324 Apollo, 325

Kin or Scholar’s Lute, 253 cork soundboard of, 255 its softness of sound, 256

Kissar, Abyssinian Harp, 294

Kissirka lyre, 295

Knife Grinders Chinese Trumpet, 271

Koto, Japanese, 227

Krater Greek Vase, 71, 81, 83

Krena, pipe, 245

Krishna, a flute player, 9

Kuênlun Mountains, 172

Kylix, Greek Vase, 83

Lacroix, Decadence of Greek Musical Art, 4

Lamia and her flutes, 73

Lang, Hymn of Hermes, 308

Languages. Chinese and Akkadian, 169

Lekythos, Satyr and flutes on, 76

Lesbian Lyre, 340

Leslie, Prof., on the Ear, 231

Leyden Museum, Harp at, 291, 299

Lichanos, finger for, 334

Ligature of Japanese Clarionet, 219

Ling-lun, his quest, 121 the Chinese lüs, 173, 176, 178 his twelve bells, 232

Linus, Song of, 63, 331

Lucretius on wind and reeds, 153

Lute or Nefer, form of, 289, 299, 351 from Nippur, 352

Lychanos, his added string, 335

Lyres. Queen Hatasu’s three stringed, 13 at British Museum four stringed, 288 Upright form, 289 boated and cross bar, 289 in Paris Collection, 292 open frame lyre of the Stranger’s, 293, 294, 307 Abyssinian, 294 Magadis, 297 Hermes, 308, 312 Greek Chelys, 309 Act of Tuning, 316 subordinate to Voice, 333 Lesbian, 340 Apollo’s, 14, 318 by Praxiteles, 323, 336, 342, 350

Maclean, Dr., on Greek music, 153

Magadis lyre, 297

Mahaffy, J. P., on Delphic Tablet, 149

Mahillon, C. V., on Pompeian flutes, 99, 110, 112, 114, 116 Siamese scale of Phan, 211 Chinese Dragon flute, 240 Apollo lyre, 318

Maket, the Lady, her Egyptian flutes, 50

Malagasy braiding, 313

Malay pipes, 246

Mamms or Twin flutes, 47 Goddess Mama, 63

Man a measurer, 19

Mandarin’s College at Pekin, 190

Maneros, Song of, 64

Mantinea in Arcadia, 323

Marsyas, the elder, 330

Marsyas contest with Apollo, 323

Maspero, on bulb forming for flutes, 122, 123 flute found with eleven holes, 124

Measures of Organ pipes, 179-197

Medea founded by Mongols, 168 home of early races, 349

Meledosa the Muse, her flutes, 79

Memnon, Singing Statue of, at Thebes, 322

Mercury, scale of lyre, 331

Mese or middle note, Aristotle on, 103 called the Sun, 336

Mesopotamia, 167, 169, 308, 328

Midas the glorious, 126 statue of, 134 flutes, 134 brass reed, 138

Migrations of Chinese, 8

Milton on noise, 230

Minor tone of Didymus, 344

Monaulos, the single flute, 86 specimen in British Museum, 89

Mongolian race, 168

Mongols new home, 165

Monochord of Pythagoras, 103, 105, 347

Murray, A. S., on Tomb treasures, 43 his help, 88

Musæus, poet musician, 330

Museums. Ashmolean, 41 Athens, 323 Berlin, 48, 299 British, 17, 33, 45, 59, 62, 70, 71, 86, 87, 134, 189, 246, 270, 287, 295, 298, 308, 310, 311 Brussels, 211 India, 59 Leyden, 48, 291, 299 Munich, 320 Naples, 99 Paris, 48, 292 South Kensington, 232, 240, 294

Musical Scale by Measures, 19, 20 by Vibrations, 347

Mycenœan Greece, 329

Napoleon, work on Egypt, 225

Nations, diagram of, 5

Nauman, History of Music, 317

Nay, Egyptian flute, 58 player on, 59

Nefer or lute, 299 player on, 300 dancers with, 301 Shepherd with, 351

Neith, the goddess Egyptian, 327

Nemesis, Hymn to, 146

Neuter Third, 53

Newton, Sir C., flute from Halikarnassos, 97

Nile, Leigh Hunt on, 24

Nineveh, slabs from, 304

Noah, era of, 163

Noise love of, 229 Milton on, 230

Notation, Greek method of, 144, 334

Nubian funeral wailing, 60 Kissirka lyre, 295

Olympos, his scale, 201, 216, 311, 330

Olympus Mountain, 325 procession of the Gods, 350

Olympus, the Phrygian, disjunct scale, 339

Orestes of Euripides, 151

Organ pipes, 16 measuring of, 179

Orpheus, cithara of, 311 hymn to, 330

Oscan people, 116, 142

Osiris Egyptian God, 23

Ouseley, Sir F. G., ear for pitch of Chinese Bells, 216

Outspread Phœnix, Chinese, 17

Oval holes of ancient pipes, 224

Panopolis, flute from, 122

Pan’s pipes, 16, 164, 201, 237, 246

Parnassus, 325

Parthenon, Friezes, 75 harps on, 298 Temple completed, 342

Pausanias on Greece, 321 on the Memnon, 322 on history, 326 Frazer on, 350

Pelasgians, 67

Persia fire worship, 8

Persian scale from the Greek fourth, 113 mountains, 6, 350

Pentatonic scale origin in the tetrachord, 248

Peruvian Pan’s pipes, 17-18, Stone Syrinx, 18

Petrie, J. Flinders, discovery of flutes, 27 specimen of Zummarah, 57 cross-string harps, 351

Phan, Siamese reeds, 208

Phideas, sculptor, 342

Phœnician Adonis, 33

Phœnix, 164, 201

Phorbia or Capistrum, 70, 140

Phrygian mode, 335

Phrynis, added string, 312

Pindar, Ode to Midas, 126 at Delphi, 109 city of Charites, 138 pipe of brass, 138 and Homer, 349

Pipes, pastoral, 34 primitive, 168 how played, 224, 248

Pitch pipes of Japanese, 214

Plagiaulos Greek pipe, 97, 133

Plato, many stringed lyres, 321 compass of lyres, 342

Pliny on reed growth, 119 on Terpander, 335

Plutarch, on song of Maneros, 64 reciting pipes, 333

Polyphemus, fingers, 19

Polytheistic ideas, 171

Pompeian flutes, 107 Mahillon’s discovery, 110-117,

Pompeii, buried city, 107, 320

Praxiteles, Sculptor, his Apollo, 322, 342

Pronomus, his flutes, 73, 92

Proslambanomenos, 340

Ptolemy, Claudius, on minor tone, 91 transposition of Alypius scales, 146 diatonic complete scale, 345

Ptolemy Philadelphus, his Band, 58

Punt, the land of, 11

Pythagoras, on intervals, 7 at the Nile, 33 his added string, 312, 335 songs he loved, 331 his disjunct scale, 339, 340 his fancies, 345

Pythic games, 126, 130, 334

Quechas, Indian pipe of, 245

Queen Hatasu, her Temple, 10-12, ships of, 12 her lyre, 13, 287

Ravanastron, Indian, 350

Red Sea, Canal to, 11

Reed, the arghool, 35, 55

Reed, Hautboy, 35

Reeds and pipes earlier than strings, 23 growth of, 119

Reinach, harmonization of Delphic music, 147

Religion of Akkadians, 169 of Chinese, 168

Rhodians ode to Pindar, 129

Rhomaides, his photo of Apollo, 323

Rivers, Euphrates and Tigris, 170 Cephisis, 128

Rosellini’s Egypt, 300

Rowbotham, J. T., Musical History, 120

Russians, their Bells, 232

Sacadas, the flute player, 130

Sappho, her lyre, 312 songs, 349

Sarasate, Jubilee at Athens, 130

Satyr playing Double pipes, 74

Sayce, A., on Tel Amarna Tablets, 64

Scales in music by finger measure, 19 Chinese Lüs, 174 early, 188 traditional Greek, 327

Schiller’s procession of the Gods, 350

Schubert Music, 180 Symphony, 256

Seba, Egyptian flute, 58

Sepulchres of Etruria, 65

Shelley, on Egypt, 323

Sheng, Chinese, 9 scale of, 176, 182, 200, 209, 244 compared with Greek scale, 205 evolution of, 192, 203 primitive maker, 193 free reeds, 185, 196 experiments with the pipes, 199 Chinese tetrachord, 200 pipes described, 184 order of, 202

Sho, Japanese reeds, 227

Siamese Phan, 208, 211

Silkworm flutes of bronze, 94, 96 scale of, 105

Simcox, E. J., on early Chinese, 168 worship of spirits, 169 Chinese classics, 277

Solomon, King, his musicians, 304

Song, of the goddess Mama, 62 of Linus, 63 of Miriam, 279 of Sappho, 349

Southgate, T. L., experiment with flutes, 51 Panopolis flute, 122 Bulb from M. Maspero, 124

Spartan lyre, 335

Spirit of Earth and Heaven, 169, 171, 275

Stainer, Dr. J., on Reed Box, 43

Sticks, the true prophets of Sheng, 206

Stradivarius, 94

Subulone flutes, 69 players, 73, 82

Sumerian Race, 167 religion, 170

Sycamore flutes, Greek, 89, 95

Tak-Koto, Japanese, 208

Tarentum in Sicily, 342

Temple of Dayr-el-Bahari, 10 of the God Uras at Urasalem, 65

Terpander, prize lyre, 311, 312, 315, 329 Pythic games at, 334, 345 his scheme for scale, 336, 337, 339

Tetrachord Greek, 34 Egyptian, 39, 329 early, 332 meaning of, 332 conjunct and disjunct, 336 trichord added, 336 laws of, 338 instinct for, 347

Thaletes poet musician, 331

Thamyris poet musician, 331

Thebe, foundress of the Theban Nation, 129 flutes of, 129

Thebes, tomb painting, 46

Theodosius, Emperor, 5

Theophrastus on reed growth, 119

Thibet no evidence, 9

Thotmes, 60, 111 his wars, 327

Timotheus, poet musician, lyre of, 312 strings added, 335, 340

Tokio Musical Institute, 219

Tonic, Greeks had not, 334

Tope at Jumal Garlic, 9, 60

Traditions of the Scale, 327

Trigon, Greek Harp, 321

Trojan War, 329, 331

Trombone, infantile, 137

Trumpets, Assyrian and Egyptian, 264 Chinese, 268, 271

Tuning of lyres, 314

Tyrtæus, poet musician, 339

Uganda Boat, 286 Kavibondo Harp, 293

Violins, Chinese, 251 Indian Ravanastron, 350

Wagener, Dr., Chinese weights and measures, 178, 197

Wagner, Procession of the Gods, 229

Wailing flutes or Gingroi, 28

Weber, law of Free Reeds, 140

Wheat, De Candole upon its origin, 348 not in pre-dynastic Egypt, 349

Wilkinson, Sir J. G., Egypt, 290, 293

Williams, Abdy, Euripides Chorus, 151

Yellow Bell, Chinese, 175

Yellow Emperor, 172, 197

Yellow River, 166, 168

Zagros Mountains, 350

Zummarah, Egyptian, 38 description of the, 57

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