INDEX

A Abstraction, of science, 58, 107; and duplicity, 61 Agnosticism, 75, 106; special dangers of, 111, 117; dogmatic and instrumental, 120; as call for action, 125; as passion for real life, 128 Analogy, among the sciences, 97; of individual self to environment, 155; of universal to particular, 33, 220 Anaxagoras, 94 Anaximander, 34, 94, 147 Anti-vitalism, 147 Aristotle, 155, 156 Atomism, 97, 102 B Babylonians, 106 Bacon, 176 Baldwin, 15 Belief, as unquestioning, 8, 194; and doubt, 53, 105, 107, 130, 133, 192, 248 Biology, 88, 90, 104, 110 Boehme, 177 Body, and soul, 227, 237; immortality of, 141, 234 Bradley, 153 n. Burns, 94 C Candour, of the English, 270 Carlyle, 126 Catholicism, 175 Causation, 39, 82, 83, 109, 205 Change, and habit, 15; as motive, 17; of purpose, 11 Charron, 177, 180 Chemistry, 34, 36, 88, 90, 91, 110 Christ, 51, 246, 263 Christianity, and immortality, 240; preparation for, 266; different views of history of, 266 Christian Science, 2, 32 n. Class, the social, 62, 126, 162; relation of, to doubt and belief, 171 Comedy, 275 Companionship, with nature, 21, 71; with man, 24; with God, 26 Contradiction, in ordinary views, 30; in idea of reality, 30; of unity, 33; of space and time, 38; of causation, 39; of knowledge, 41; of morality, 44; of law, 49; as of value in experience, 4, 37, 131; and dualism, 101; as corrective of narrowness, 100, 116, 143; as meaning action, 136; as realizing unity, 137; as securing reality and practicality, 145; as requiring society, 147; as not to be cultivated for its own sake, 151; as related to person and class, 170 Conventionalism, 66, 260 Creationalism, 82, 202 Crusades, 267 D Death, 141, 151, 239 Deduction, 97 Democritus, 65 Development, special, transferable, 165 Descartes, 6, 172, 196, 251, 254 Dichotomy, 101 Dogmatism, and fear, 9; and belief, 194 Doubt, as widespread, 1, 7; actual, if possible, 6; as essential to consciousness, 9; and habit, 14; as making life real, 18; and feeling of dependence, 21; as Basking company, 21, 255; as mediator between old and now, 25; and atheism, 27; and belief, 55, 105, 130, 133, 192, 248, 273; as investment for gain, 259; and candour, 270 Dualism, 64, 101, 147, 209 Duplicity, of science, 61; of life, 118 Duty, 47, 278 E Education, and interest, 18 n. Emerson, 144 Energism, 147 England, peculiar scepticism in, 269 Environment, as source of conduct, 46; social environment and personal individual, 169, 231 Epicureanism, 116, 265 Epistemology, 92 Evil, and good, 45, 133, 150, 276 Evolution, 78, 202, 246 Experience, unity of, 160 Experimentalism, 68 F Fatalism, 49 Fear, and dogmatism, 9 France, peculiar scepticism in, 271 Freedom, of will, 47; of thought, 211, 227 G Galilei, 177 Genius, 168, 196, 263 God, Descartes' proof of, 181; fallacy in D.'s proof of, 189; D.'s idea of, 186, 190; sceptic's idea of, 26, 187, 190, 203; death of, 237; birth of, 269 H Habit, and doubt, 14 Hebrews, 25, 264 Hedonism, 64, 147, 265 Hegel, 20, 147 Heraclitus, 147, 152 Hering, 147 Hero-worship, 243 History, standpoint of, 79; of Christianity, different views of, 266 Hope, even in doubt, 13, 19, 37, 48, 53, 105 Horace, 21 Hypotheses, working, 89, 93, 258 I Idealism, 65, 147 Illusions, 2, 23 n., 254 Immortality, 141, 234 Impostor, the, 253 Individualism, 72, 116 Individuality, 155, 165, 224 Induction, 72, 97 Industrialism, 222 Infinity, 52, 102, 142 Institutions and institutionalism, 16, 59, 260 Interest theory, in education, 18 n. J Jesuits, 172 Jesus, 51, 246, 263 Jews, 25, 264 Jurisprudence, standpoint of, 13, 47 K Kant, 110, 147 Knowledge, contradictory views of, 41; of law, and freedom, 51, 212; and the unknowable, 106 L Labour, division of, in special relation of person and class, 163; division of, in experience, 232 Law, standpoint of, 13; courts of, 47; contradiction in idea of, 49; and nature, 51, 218 Lawlessness, 51, 141, 261 Leadership, 168, 196, 263 Leibnitz, 133, 154, 210 Lessing, 19 Louis XIV, 172 Luther, 174 M Macaulay, 270 Machiavelli, 66, 261, 263 Malebranche, 198 Materialism, 65, 147, 175 Mathematics, 88, 91, 96, 133, 177, 215 Mechanic, the, as social type, 228; peculiar death of, 238 Mechanicalism, 82, 218 Method, Socratic, 71; historical, 95; experimental, 84, 95; mathematical, 96 Miracles, 53, 246 Monism, 147 Montaigne, 172, 176, 184 Münsterberg, 109 n., 112, 119 Mysticism, 176 N Nast, 97 Nativism, 196 Nature, return to, 22; relation of science to, 23, 56, 74; and God, 26, 203, 271; sympathy of, 23, 203; and law, 51, 220; as mechanical, 217; English and French views of, 271; knowledge of law of, and freedom, 49, 212 Necessity, in conduct, 47; superstition of, 49, 212 Negativity, 3, 20, 37, 83, 85, 94, 101, 125, 133, 147 Newton, 97 O Oratory of Jesus, 176 P Paradoxes, in ordinary consciousness, 30; in science, 75, 98; in religion, 103 Parallelism, 204 Paris, 172, 192, 251 Parmenides, 94 Pascal, 180 Person, nature of, 155, 165; relation to reality, 170, 184; relation to doubt and belief, 171; part in society, 169, 231 Pharisees, 262 Physics, 87, 90; epistemological, 94 Pillsbury, 212 n. Plato, 65, 155, 156 Poetry, 276 Positivism, 73, 106, 122 Practice, and theory, 113 Principle, and programme, 183, 191, 194 Programme, and principle, 183, 191, 194 Protagoras, 264 Protestants and Protestantism, 174, 268 Psychology, 10, 87, 91, 210, 212 n.; physical, 92 Purpose, 11, 83, 84 Q Question of fact, in science, 83 R Radicalism, 66 Realism, of doubter, 193; of believer, 193; in contradiction, 143 Reality, double views of, 30 Reformation, 173, 266, 267 Relative, the, 10, 136, 199, 200 Relativity, law of, 10, 136 Religion, and scepticism, 27, 184, 189, 268; as paradoxical, 103 Renaissance, 173, 268, 267 Rome, 267 Rousseau, 23, 271 S Scepticism, 176, 265, 269 Science, as a return to nature, 23; like ordinary consciousness, 57; as confessing to limitations, 56; defined, 58; as abstract, 58; as a "looking before leaping," 58; and duplicity, 61, 129; method of, and environment, 71; specialism of, 71, 84; as inductive, 72; objectivism of, 75; technique of, 76; and real life, 80, 125, 128; as conservative, 81; and question of fact, 83; as negative and destructive, 83; specialism of, 71, 86; "mergers" in, 91; physical, as self-consciousness, 94; as paradoxical, 75, 98; agnosticism of, 106; aloofness of, in ideas of space and time and causation, 108, 109; application of, 114; scepticism of, 23, 258 Sin, original, 131 Skill, special, as transferable, 165 Smith, Adam, 257 Socialism, 116 Society, as sought by sceptic, 21; as related to individual, 42, 165, 171, 231; and science, 23, 60; division of experience in, 60; as real to lower organisms, 84; as medium of conflict, 147 Society of Jesus, 174 Sociology, 88 Socrates, 20, 70, 147, 263 Soldier, the, 228, 238 Sophists, 66, 262 Soul, contradiction in idea of, 35; and body, 227, 237; immortality of, 141, 234 Space, 37, 38, 108 Specialism, blindness of, 87; in social organization, 71; of science, 71, 86; dreams of, 87; artificiality of, 87, 97; contradictions due to, 63, 98; passing of, 128 Spinoza, 24, 147, 179, 198 Spirit, reality, or truth, as a, 152; of veracity, 105, 133, 170, 214 Stoicism, 116, 265 Supernaturalism, 32, 52, 147 Superstition, 49, 218 T Technique, 76, 119; special, as transferable, 165 Tennyson, 89 Thales, 34 Theology, 26, 131 Time, 37, 38, 108 Training, special, as transferable, 165 Truth, spirit of, 105, 133, 170, 214 U Unity, contradiction in idea of, 31; as expressed through contradiction, 137; of experience, 160 Universality, of doubt, 1, 7; of human characters in general, 161 Utilitarianism, 66, 261, 263 V Validity, spirit of, 105, 133, 153, 214 Vanini, 176, 180 Vitalism, 147 W Will, nature of, 11; freedom of, 47; to believe, 193; in relation to agnosticism, 121, 125 Z Zeno, 109, 147