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The Twelve Tables

TABLE IX. PUBLIC LAW

Paul R. (Paul Robinson) Coleman-Norton translation

1. Laws of personal exception (privilegium)[55] shall not be proposed.

2. [Laws] concerning the person (caput)[56] of a citizen shall not be passed except by the greatest assembly (maximus comitiatus)[57] and through those whom they (the consuls)[58] have placed upon the registers of the citizenry.

3. A judge (iudex) or an arbitrator (arbiter) legally (iure) appointed, who has been convicted of receiving money for declaring a decision, shall be punished capitally (capite).

4. [Provisions pertaining to] the investigators of murder (quaestor parricidii) [appointed to have charge over capital cases].

5. Whoever shall have incited a public enemy (hostis) or whoever shall have delivered a citizen (civis) to a public enemy shall be punished capitally (capite).

6. It is forbidden to put to death … unconvicted any one whomsoever.

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