Part 2 — APPENDICES (continued 3)
Reading edition
Article 4.—(a) A question shall be proposed by each institution not later than the 5th of October preceding the debates.
(b) The Secretary shall at once send the three questions to the three institutions, and they shall reply not later than the 25th of October, each institution indicating its ranking of the three questions as first choice, second choice, third choice.
(c) The Secretary shall report the result of this vote not later than the 30th of October, and the question ranked highest in the vote shall be debated by all teams. In case of a tie in the ranking the selection from the three questions shall be made by the President of the University of Minnesota.
(d) After the question has been chosen no modification shall be made in its wording and no definition permitted.
Article 5.—The home team shall support the affirmative of the question and the visiting team the negative.
Article 6.—Each speaker shall be allowed twelve minutes for a principal speech and five minutes for a rebuttal speech. No time may be transferred from one speaker to another, but the order of rebuttal speeches on either side may be changed at the wish of the speakers on that side. “The negative shall lead in rebuttal.”
Article 7.—(a) The visiting institution shall not later than the 15th of January nominate a list of twenty names of persons living within two hundred and fifty miles of the place of the debate, no one of whom shall be or shall have been connected with any of the three institutions concerned either as officer, teacher or student. The home institution shall have the right of veto for cause to be explicitly stated to the other institution within two weeks thereafter, and the visiting institution shall submit other names equal in number to those vetoed. The home institution shall choose three persons from this list to act as judges.
(b) Each judge shall be provided with written instructions in the following form:
Date..................
In rendering your decision, you are asked to consider the merits of the debate and not the merits of the question. You are the sole judges of what constitutes effective debating, remembering that both thought and delivery are to be considered.
354In my opinion the ......... team has done the most effective debating.
...................... Judge
(c) At the close of the debate each judge shall be permitted to withdraw, and within 15 minutes shall present to the chairman in a sealed envelope his individual decision, reached without conference with his colleagues.
Article 8.—Each institution shall pay the expenses of its debaters. All other expenses of each debate shall be paid by the entertaining institution.
355
APPENDIX G Propositions
Political
A. Legislative.
1. Any further centralization of power in the Federal Government of the United States should be condemned.
2. United States senators should be elected by popular vote.
3. The House of Representatives should elect its standing committees.
4. The state of should adopt the legislative referendum.
5. An amendment of the Federal Constitution should be adopted convening the first session of Congress within a few months after the election and compelling the second session to adjourn several days before the following election.
6. The number of representatives to Congress should be reduced.
7. All members of the Senate and House of Representatives should be required to be present during the discussion of all proposed legislation, unless prevented by illness.
8. The United States should adopt the Swiss referendum.
9. The Constitution should be so amended as to make the passing of amendments easier.
10. The United States Senate should adopt a closure rule.
11. Lobbying in Congress and in the state legislatures should be prohibited by law.
12. Direct legislation by means of the initiative and referendum is desirable for our states and their subdivisions.
13. The initiative and referendum offer a desirable relief from the evils arising from the dominance of special interests in our states and their municipalities.
356 B. Executive.
14. The President of the United States should be elected for one term of seven years, and be ineligible for reëlection.
15. The President of the United States should be elected by direct vote of the people.
16. The President should be allowed to veto items in appropriation bills.
17. The President of the United States is justified in calling out the militia to subdue local disturbances, without consent or request of state authorities.
18. Counties in which a lynching occurs should be placed under martial law until they give evidence of capacity to exercise effective local government, not exceeding a term of one year.
19. For the better protection of life, liberty, and property in rural districts a state constabulary is necessary.
C. Judicial.
20. The recall of state and local judges by popular vote is desirable.
21. A two-thirds vote of the jury should constitute a verdict in criminal cases.
22. A two-thirds vote of the jury should constitute a verdict in civil cases.
23. Federal judges should be elected by popular vote.
24. The jury system should be abolished.
25. The courts should be forbidden by law to issue “blanket” injunctions in labor disputes.
26. The detention of innocent witnesses, pending the trial of cases in court, without adequate compensation and without proof of its necessity should be prohibited by law.
27. State judges should be appointed by the governor to hold office during life or good behavior.
28. The law governing judicial process should be so amended as to provide for the more speedy conduct of criminal cases, and fewer opportunities for delay in the execution of the sentences imposed.
29. It would be desirable to elect justices of the United States Supreme Court by popular vote.
357 D. Franchise.
30. The right of suffrage should be limited to persons who can read and write.
31. There should be an educational test as a qualification for voting.
32. The white citizens of the South are justified in using all peaceable means to secure political supremacy.
33. Men and women should have equal suffrage.
34. The admission to citizenship into the United States should be granted under stricter requirements as to a working knowledge of rights and duties of the privileges conferred.
35. Admission of aliens to the privileges of citizenship should be granted on more restrictive conditions.
36. The admission of native-born and foreign-born citizens to the privilege of voting should be granted only upon evidence of due qualifications both as to knowledge of the rights and obligations and also of respect for the institutions and ideals of our national life.
E. Immigration.
37. The immigration restrictions which now apply to the Chinese should be extended so as to apply to the Japanese.
38. The United States should make no discrimination between the immigrants from China and those from other countries.
39. Admission of further immigration to the United States, so long as the congestion of alien groups persist in our large cities, should be subject to Federal control of such arrivals for a definite period of years for purposes of better distribution with regard to the requirements of the different sections of the country.
40. The immigration of all Japanese and Chinese laborers to the United States should be prohibited by law.
F. Miscellaneous.
41. Party lines should be disregarded in all elections.
42. Public advocacy of violent means for the subversion of government should be suppressed by law in the United States.
35843. The United States should have exclusive jurisdiction over Behring Sea.
44. The sharing of public funds for purposes which ignore the constitutional separation of church and state is a menace to our Federal, State, and Municipal institutions and should be abandoned wherever inaugurated and prevented wherever existing or proposed.
45. The short ballot should be adopted in State and Municipal governments.
46. The tendency of political platform making is to overburden the Federal government with proposals whose nature and accomplishment are better adapted to State, Municipal, and other local governmental agencies.
47. Congress should provide for uniform Federal marriage and divorce laws. Constitutionality conceded.
48. All cities in the United States of over 5,000 inhabitants should adopt the commission form of government.
49. The “Galveston Plan” of city government by a board of directors insures increase of efficiency combined with a decrease of corruption in city affairs.
50. There should be a large and immediate increase in the United States Navy.
51. A political reformation in the United States looking to the formation of two new political parties is desirable.
52. The states should adopt the recall for all state and local officers except members of the judiciary.
53. A commission form of government is preferable to a mayor and council plan.
Economic
A. Tariff.
54. Commercial reciprocity with Canada would be for the best interest of the United States.
55. The tariff on goods imported into the United States should be fixed by a bi-partisan commission.
56. The United States should impose a tariff on imports from the Philippines. Constitutionality conceded.
57. The protective tariff should be removed from trust-made products.
58. Raw materials should be admitted to the United States free of duty.
35959. The tariff on raw materials is justified on the ground of the protection of American industry against foreign competition.
60. Sugar should be admitted to the United States free of duty.
61. Commercial reciprocity between the United States and South America would be for the best interests of the United States.
62. The United States should adopt the policy of tariff for revenue only.
63. Steel should be admitted to the United States free of duty.
64. All goods, the price of which is controlled by a single capitalist or combination of capitalists, should be admitted to the United States free of duty.
B. Taxation.
65. The growth of large fortunes should be checked by means of national progressive income and inheritance taxes.
66. The Federal government should levy a progressive inheritance tax. Granted, that such tax would be held constitutional.
67. The Federal government should levy a progressive income tax. Constitutionality conceded.
68. The single tax as advocated by Henry George, would be an improvement over our present system of taxation.
69. The tax on the issue of state banks should be repealed.
70. That a graduated income tax would be a desirable addition to the Federal system of taxation.
71. A Federal graduated income tax with an exemption of all incomes below $5000 per annum would be a desirable modification of the system of Federal taxation.
C. Corporations.
72. Congress should pass laws prohibiting corporate contributions to political campaign funds.
73. The regulating power of Congress should be extended over all corporations doing an interstate business. Constitutionality conceded.
74. All corporations engaged in interstate commerce should be required to take out a Federal license.
75. Physical valuation of the property of a corporation is the best basis for fixing the rate of taxation.
36076. Railroad pooling is economically advantageous to the public.
77. The price of “trust-made” products should be regulated by law.
78. The National Bureau of Corporations should have control of industrial and commercial corporations doing interstate business, similar to the control which the Interstate Commerce Commission has over railroads.
79. All corporations engaged in interstate commerce should be required to take out Federal charters; it being conceded that such a requirement would be constitutional and that Federal license shall not be available as an alternative plan.
80. The policy of regulating industrial corporations is preferable to the policy of dissolving them.
D. Labor.
81. The New Zealand system of compulsory arbitration should be adopted in the United States.
82. A system of compulsory arbitration should be adopted in the United States.
83. Employers and employees of all public service corporations such as railroads, street railways, etc., should be compelled to arbitrate labor disputes.
84. Members of trades-unions are justified in refusing to work with non-union men.
85. State boards of arbitration, with compulsory powers, should be established to settle all disputes between employers and employees.
86. Employers are justified in refusing recognition to labor unions.
87. The history of trades-unions for the past ten years shows a tendency detrimental to the industrial development of the United States.
88. The boycott is a legitimate means of enforcing the demands of organized labor.
89. The growth of labor unions is a menace to liberties of the working man.
90. The closed “shop” is justifiable.
91. Employers should be prohibited from setting up contributory negligence or negligence of a fellow servant as a bar 361to recovery of adequate compensation by an injured employee.
92. The right to strike on the part of public employees should always be subject to referendum on the part of the community immediately concerned.
93. It would be advisable to legalize the strike and the boycott.
94. The movement of organized labor for the closed shop should receive the support of public opinion.
95. The best interests of the laboring classes would be advanced by the development of a separate labor party.
E. Public Ownership.
96. The Federal government should buy and operate the telegraph systems.
97. Municipalities in the United States of over 10,000 inhabitants should own and operate their systems for lighting and local transportation.
98. The United States should own and operate the coal mines within its borders.
99. The forests of the United States should be owned and operated by the Federal government.
F. Miscellaneous.
100. The powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission should be enlarged.
101. The United States should subsidize our merchant marine.
102. It is economically advantageous to the United States to own territory in the tropics.
103. The amount of property transferable by inheritance should be limited by statute.
104. The existing systems of commercial distribution between producers and consumers is chiefly responsible for the high cost of living.
105. The national debt should be paid as rapidly as possible.
106. Mail order stores are a benefit to the public.
107. Prison-made products should be excluded from the open market.
108. The labor of prisoners in the state penitentiary should be utilized in improving the highways of the state.
109. The American coastwise traffic should pass through the Panama Canal toll free.
362110. Congress should be given the power by constitutional amendment to regulate manufactures and industry.
111. The Federal government should establish a bank of the United States.
112. The Aldrich plan of a National Reserve Association should be adopted by the Federal government.
113. The Federal government should regulate and supervise all fire and life insurance companies doing an interstate business.
114. The Federal government should grant financial aid to ships engaged in our foreign trade and owned by citizens of the United States.
115. There should be some legislation providing for the guarantee of bank deposits.
116. The Federal government should develop the waterway from the Great Lakes to the Gulf.
117. A system of compulsory industrial insurance covering accident, sickness, and old age should be adopted in the United States. Constitutionality conceded.
118. The inland waterways of the United States should be extensively improved by the Federal government.
119. The United States should adopt a double monetary standard.
Social
A. The Liquor Problem.
120. The elimination of private profits offers the best solution of the liquor problem.
121. Prohibition of the liquor traffic is preferable to any system of license, wherever public opinion will sanction the passage and enforcement of such a law.
122. The United States army should reëstablish the use of the canteen.
123. The Carolina Dispensary System for controlling the use and sale of intoxicating liquors should be adopted in the state of .
124. State prohibition has failed wherever it has been adopted.
125. Prohibition is more conducive to temperance than high license.
363 B. International Peace.
126. The United States should at once announce and carry out a policy of total disarmament.
127. The present growth of armaments should be checked by mutual agreement between the nations.
128. The United States should immediately provide for an increase in its navy.
129. International peace is best promoted by extensive warlike preparations.
C. Insurance and Pensions.
130. The German system of compulsory insurance should be adopted in the United States.
131. The Federal government should control all life insurance companies.
132. A system of compulsory industrial insurance should be adopted in the United States.
133. The United States government should grant uniform pensions to all citizens over sixty years of age.
134. The Federal government should grant old-age pensions.
D. The Church.
135. All church property should be taxed.
136. The modern church should maintain more rigid rules regarding the personal conduct of its members.
137. A union of all Christian churches in the United States would further the cause of Christianity.
E. Miscellaneous.
138. Sunday baseball should be prohibited.
139. Public libraries, museums, and art galleries should be open on Sunday.
140. Lavish social entertainments should be condemned.
141. In times of business depression the states and municipalities should furnish employment to the unemployed.
142. Capital punishment should be abolished.
143. All cities of over 25,000 population should establish free public employment bureaus.
144. State institutions should be established providing for the care and training of homeless children.
364145. The growth of monopolies shows a tendency toward Socialism.
146. Congress should enact laws providing for the censorship of the stage.
147. Moving picture shows should be compelled to exhibit only such pictures as can be shown to have an educational or cultural value.
148. The United States is moving toward Socialism.
149. The tendency of the population of the United States to concentrate in the cities is detrimental to the best interest of the people.
150. Children under sixteen years of age should be prohibited by Federal law from working in factories.
151. A maximum eight hour working day for all occupations should be established by state law.
152. Vivisection should be prohibited by law.
153. Arctic and Antarctic expeditions should be looked upon with disfavor by the public.
154. The United States government should grant permanent copyright.
155. Automobiles should be prohibited from running more than fifteen miles an hour.
156. Railroads should be required by Federal and state law to adopt all devices such as block signals, steel passenger coaches, etc., which minimize the danger from wreck.
157. Greater security should be given by law to wills and bequests.
158. The negro is not fitted to exercise the right of suffrage.
159. There should be a state censorship of the stage.
160. Letter postage should be reduced to one cent.
161. Male citizens should be compelled to serve two years in the United States army.
162. Popular literature shows a decline in public morals.
163. Social settlement organizations offer the best means of conducting charitable work.
164. The plea of insanity shall not be available as a bar to punishment for crime.
165. Newspapers should be prohibited from publishing matter which has a tendency to corrupt the public morals.
365
Educational
A. Common School.
166. The Bible should be taught in the public schools.
167. Free text-books should be furnished to all pupils below the high school grade.
168. The state should prescribe uniform text-books for the public schools.
169. Public funds should not be appropriated to aid private or sectarian schools.
170. No prizes should be offered in public schools.
B. High School.
171. Every high school should be compelled to maintain courses in manual training and domestic science.
172. Secret societies should be prohibited in public high schools.
173. High school courses should be revised so as to furnish more practical educational training.
174. The high school course as at present given by almost all high schools is of no practical value to the pupil who does not go to college.
175. Military drill should be compulsory in all public high schools of the United States.
C. College.
176. The honor system of examinations should be adopted by all American colleges.
177. Freshmen at should not be permitted to engage in intercollegiate athletics.
178. All college courses should be completely elective.
179. Athletics, as now conducted, are a detriment to American colleges.
180. No college should be located near a large city.
181. Denominational colleges should not receive financial aid from the state.
182. For the average student the small college is preferable to the large college.
183. Admission to American colleges should be by examination only.
184. Intercollegiate football should be abolished.
185. Segregation of sexes in American colleges and universities is preferable to coëducation.
366186. Students in college courses who attain the rank of ninety per cent or higher in daily work should be excused from examinations.
187. Two years of college work should be required for admission to any course in law or medicine.
188. Written term examinations should be abolished.
189. The class rushes at the beginning of the college year should be prohibited.
190. Chapel attendance at the University of should be compulsory.
191. Student government should be established at the University of .
192. The Oxford type of university should be adopted in the United States.
193. For the average man a college education is an aid to business success.
194. The colleges of the state of should be combined into one centrally located university.
D. Miscellaneous.
195. A National University should be established at Washington.
196. Novels should not be placed in circulation by public libraries until two years after publication.
197. The number of subjects taught in high schools and colleges should be greatly reduced.
198. The recommendations of the simplified spelling board should be adopted throughout the United States.
199. Night trade schools should be established as a part of our system of public instruction.
200. Industrial education will solve the negro race problem in the United States.
Printed in the United States of America.
367
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369Public Speaking Principles and Practice
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Assistant Professor of Public Speaking in Harvard University
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Extracts from the Preface
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers.