Part 3 — INDEX

Adrian, 276, 285.

Albany, 91, 102, 228, 232, 237, 242, 248, 252, 256, 259.

Allouez, Father Claude, 41;

address to Indians, 45–47.

American Fur Company, 338.

Anderson, Robert, 207.

André, Father Louis, 41.

Astor, John Jacob, 338, 357.

Barclay, Commodore,

in command of British fleet on Lake Erie, 182, 183;

defeated by Perry, 184–187.

Battles,

Niagara, 108–111;

Bloody Run, 129, 130;

Fallen Timbers, 160, 161;

Tippecanoe, 166;

River Raisin, 180, 181;

Lake Erie, 183–187;

The Thames, 188, 189;

Chippewa Creek, 189;

Lundy’s Lane, 189;

Wisconsin Heights, 210, 211;

Bad Axe, 211.

Beall, John Yates, Confederate agent on the lakes, 322–326, 328, 329.

Bibliography, 385–391.

Black Hawk,

appearance and early career, 201–203;

his war, 205–212;

his eastern trip, 212–214.

Black Rock, 181, 182, 254.

Boone, Daniel, at Detroit, 152.

Brébeuf, Father Jean,

Jesuit missionary to Hurons, 25–37;

founder of mission, 25;

life among Indians, 25–33;

killed by Iroquois, 37.

Brock, Gen. Isaac, captures Detroit for British, 168–172.

Brulé, Étienne, first white man to see Lake Huron, 10, 14.

Buffalo,

founded, 220, 221;

in 1811, 246, 247;

terminus of Erie Canal, 254–256, 260;

in 1840, 266–269;

lumber market, 345, 346;

first steamboat launched at, 360;

grain elevators, 370;

rapid growth, 374, 375.

Buffalo roads, 229, 230.

Cadillac, La Mothe,

founder of Detroit, 88–98;

character, 88;

at Mackinac, 88;

at Detroit, 89–98.

Cadillac, Madame, 96.

Campbell, Capt., 124, 126.

Camp Douglas, 319–322, 326.

Canals,

Welland, 5, 283;

Hennepin, 6;

Rock River, 224;

Pennsylvania and Erie, 272, 284;

Ohio and Erie, 273, 283, 284;

Wabash and Erie, 276, 284;

Miami, 284;

Erie, see under Erie;

“Soo,” see under Sault Ste. Marie.

Cass, Lewis,

in War of 1812, 170;

governor of Michigan territory, 191–200;

early life, 192;

management of the territory, 193–196;

dealings with Indians, 196–200;

at Duluth, 200, 224, 225.

Champlain, Samuel de,

on Lake Huron, 10, 14;

early career, 12, 13;

among the Hurons, 14–23;

his writings, 23, 24.

Chicago,

military post, 166;

massacre at, 172–177;

under Governor Cass, 193, 198, 200;

town begun, 222, 223;

in 1840, 266, 275–279;

Lincoln and Douglas in, 299–316;

in Civil War, 318–322, 327–329;

first steamboat to, 361;

grain elevators, 369, 370;

the modern city, 379–383;

see also Chicago River, and Fort Dearborn.

Chicago University, 319, 381.

Cleveland,

founded, 164, 165, 219, 220;

in 1840, 272, 273;

coming of the first train, 289–291;

commerce, 291, 350, 351;

shipyards, 372, 373;

rapid growth, 374, 375, 377, 378.

Cleveland, Moses, 164, 219.

Clinton, De Witt, and the Erie Canal, 237, 238, 251, 254–260.

Confederate operations on the lakes, 317–329.

Connecticut, land cession, 219.

Conventions,

National Republican of 1860, 300, 311–314;

National Democratic of 1864, 321, 322.

Coureurs de bois, 41, 47, 107, 333, 334.

Dablon, Father Claude, 41.

Dalyell, Capt.,

at siege of Detroit, 128, 129;

killed, 130.

Davis, Jefferson,

in Black Hawk War, 207;

sends commissioners to Canada, 317.

Davison, Gideon, his Travellers’ Guides, 267–269.

Denonville, governor of New France, 87, 104.

Detroit,

founded by French, 87–100;

taken by British, 116;

blockaded by Pontiac, 118–134;

in 1776, 151–153;

an American post, 154, 163, 164;

taken by British, 166–172;

under Gov. Cass, 194, 195;

fire at, 221;

in 1840, 274, 275;

terminus of Michigan Central, 288;

rapid growth, 374, 375.

Detroit River,

visited by La Salle, 62, 63;

first recorded passage of, 63;

importance of, 88–91;

beauty of, 91–93;

military operations on, 125–131, 167–170, 187, 190, 323, 325;

commerce of, 371–373.

Douglas, Stephen A., 299–316;

early career, 302–306;

debates with Lincoln, 300, 309–311;

Senator, 305, 311, 314, 315;

supporter of Lincoln, 314–316;

death, 316.

Druilletes, Gabriel, 41.

Du Luth, Daniel G., 224, 334, 335.

Duluth,

Indian trading station, 224, 225, 334;

becomes a town, 225;

commerce of, 344, 354, 369.

Dunkirk, railroad celebration at, 291–293.

Erie, Lake,

discovered and explored, 61, 63;

forts on, 104, 108, 109, 118, 125, 164;

in War of 1812, 165–168, 179–190;

settlements on, 219, 220;

roads, canals, and railroads to, 232–241, 242, 251–265, 283–297;

travel on, 268–274;

in Civil War, 322–326;

commerce of, 343, 345, 360.

Erie, Penn.,

in 1840, 268, 272;

railroad war, 294–298;

underground railroad station, 302;

see also Presque Isle under Forts.

Erie Canal, 5, 195, 221, 226, 237, 238, 251–265;

building of, 251–254;

ceremony of opening, 254–260;

travel on, 261–263;

enlarged, 263–265, 271, 283.

Forts,

Frontenac, 52, 61, 105, 218;

Duquesne, 104;

Le Bœuf, 104, 106, 109;

Sandusky, 104, 125, 219;

Venango, 104, 106, 291;

Presque Isle, 104, 106, 109, 118, 125, 164, 219;

Washington, 158;

Recovery, 158;

Defiance, 159;

Harrison, 166;

Dearborn, 166, 172–177;

Wayne, 166, 174, 276;

Malden, 167–170, 180, 183, 187, 188;

William, 338–341.

Franklin, Benjamin, makes Great Lakes U.S. boundary, 347.

Frenchtown,

Hull at, 167;

American defeat at, 179–181.

Frontenac,

governor of New France, 50, 59, 67;

recalled, 73;

returns, 87;

his plan to occupy Great Lakes, 87, 88;

death, 87.

Fuller, Margaret, trip to the lakes, 278–282.

Fur trade,

carried on by French and English, 39, 51, 52, 66–68, 88, 89, 101, 102, 135, 145;

leading interest on the lakes, 330–342;

under the French, 331–335;

under the British, 335–342;

under the Americans, 155, 165, 337, 338, 341, 347.

Genesee Turnpike, 233.

Georgian Bay, 10, 12, 14, 25, 28, 148, 218.

Gladwin, Major,

in command at Detroit, 119;

blockaded by Pontiac, 119–133;

saves Detroit, 133.

Grain, handled by lake ports, 6, 369, 370.

Greeley, Horace, 297.

Green Bay, 76, 333, 337.

Griffon, see under Ships.

Groseilliers, 39.

Hamilton, Gen.,

at Detroit, 151–153;

captured by Clark, 153.

Harmar, Gen., unsuccessful expedition against Indians, 156, 161, 174.

Harriott, John, journey to Lake Erie, 242–246.

Harrison, Gen. W. H.,

at Tippecanoe, 166;

Lake Erie expedition, 179, 180;

battle of the Thames, 187–189.

Harvey, C. T., designer and builder of “Soo” Canal, 362–364.

Hawley, Jesse, and Erie Canal, 237.

Heald, Capt.,

in command at Fort Dearborn, 172–177;

escapes massacre, 176, 177.

Hennepin, Father Louis,

companion of La Salle, 51;

writes of Niagara, 52, 53;

and of the voyage, 58, 59;

names Lake St. Clair, 63.

Henry, Alexander,

adventures at Mackinac, 135–150;

copper mining, 347.

Hines, Capt., Confederate agent, 321, 322.

Hotels,

American, and Franklin, in Cleveland, 273;

Lake House, in Chicago, 277, 278;

Tremont House, in Chicago, 307, 308, 314, 316.

Hull, Gen.,

in War of 1812, 166–172;

surrenders Detroit, 171.

Huron, Lake,

discovered and explored, 10–14, 25–28, 37, 65, 71, 88, 150, 218;

travel on, 282;

commerce of, 336, 337, 360, 372.

Illinois,

part of Northwest Territory, 155;

becomes a state, 193;

Black Hawk War in, 201–214;

in 1840, 266, 267, 269, 270;

in 1850–1860, 299, 300, 302, 304, 305;

in Civil War, 318.

Indiana,

part of Northwest Territory, 155, 165;

becomes a territory, 191;

becomes a state, 193;

in 1840, 266, 267;

in Civil War, 318.

Indian treaties,

with La Salle, 56;

with La Barre, 76–83;

with Le Moyne, 102;

with Johnson, 131–133, 145, 149;

with Wayne (Treaty of Greenville), 162, 164, 219, 222;

with Cass, 198–200, 224, 225;

with U. S. government, 202.

Indian tribes,

Iroquois or Five Nations, location and organization, 11, 12, 232;

their relations to the French, 17–22, 36–38, 54, 60, 74–84;

at Niagara, 102, 217;

Hurons, location, 12–16;

at war with Iroquois, 16–23, 36, 37;

Algonquins, 12, 114;

Neutral Nation, 33;

Ojibways, 114;

Ottawas, 114, 120, 144, 145;

Illinois, 114, 134;

Chippewas, 138–145;

Sauk and Fox, 202–214.

For Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas, see under Iroquois.

Iroquois Trail, 231, 232, 251.

Jesuits,

missions to Hurons, 25–38;

to Iroquois, 38;

at Sault Ste. Marie, 34, 35, 39;

at La Pointe, 39, 41;

at Manitoulin Island, 41.

Jogues, Father Isaac, Jesuit missionary,

among Hurons, 32, 34;

visits and names Sault Ste. Marie, 35;

captured and killed by Iroquois, 35, 36.

Johnson, Sir William,

captures Niagara, 106–111;

Indian conferences, 131, 132, 133, 146–149.

Johnston, Albert, 207.

Joncaire, 101, 108.

La Barre, Gen. Le Febvre de, 73–84;

expedition against Iroquois, 74–84.

La Motte, companion of La Salle, 53–56.

La Pointe, 39, 41.

La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de,

early career, 49–51;

builds the Griffon, 56–60;

on Lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan, 61–71.

Le Caron, Father Joseph, 10, 15, 16.

Le Moyne, Charles (1st), 103.

Le Moyne, Charles (2d), with La Barre, 75, 80, 82, 104.

Le Moyne, Charles (3d), builds Fort Niagara, 102–104.

Le Moyne, Father, 38.

Lewiston, 54, 102, 232, 238.

Lincoln, Abraham,

in Black Hawk War, 206;

debates with Douglas, 300, 302, 308–311;

nominated for presidency, 311–314.

Lockport, 253, 256, 257, 264.

Logan, Gen. John A., 3, 316.

Lumber,

forest distribution, 342, 343;

industry, 343–347.

McDougall, Lieut., at Detroit, 124, 126.

Mackinac (called Michilimackinac, Mackinaw),

trading post, 66, 67, 88, 218, 223, 224, 281;

Northwest Fur Company and American Fur Company station, 335–338, 357;

lumber region, 344;

fort at, 118, 135–150, 166, 168, 169, 177, 224, 268.

Manitoulin Island, 41, 281.

Marquette, 42, 218.

Massachusetts land cession, 220.

Melish, John, journey in western New York, 246–248.

Ménard, Father, on Lake Superior, 39.

Michigan,

part of Northwest Territory, 155;

a separate territory under Cass, 191–196;

becomes a state, 196;

in 1840, 266, 267;

railroads, 284–288;

lumber trade, 343–345;

mineral wealth, 347–351.

Michigan, Lake,

discovered and explored, 35, 39, 40, 49, 67–71;

forts on, 70, 118, 119, 166, 172–178;

settlement on, 198, 200, 222, 223;

travel on, 279–281;

commerce of, 337, 357, 361, 369, 370.

Michigan City,

in 1840, 266, 276;

underground railroad station, 302.

Milwaukee,

founded, 223, 224;

in 1840, 266, 279, 280;

fur trade of, 337;

port for grain, 369;

rapid growth, 374, 375.

Minerals,

copper, 4, 8, 347, 348;

iron, 4, 8, 348–354, 367–369;

lead, 201, 202.

Minnesota,

lumber trade, 343, 344, 346;

mineral wealth, 352–354.

New York,

home of Iroquois tribes, 11, 12;

Indian trails, 231, 232;

turnpikes, 232–236, 242–250;

canals, 237, 250–265;

railroads, 238–241, 291–298.

Niagara,

discovered, 52–61;

held by French, 101–105;

taken by English, 105–112;

Indian convention at, 132, 149;

in War of 1812, 181, 182, 189.

Niagara Falls,

location, 5;

seen by Hennepin, 52, 53;

description of, 53;

visited, 246.

Niagara, Fort,

built, 101–105;

captured by British, 105–113;

centre of British influence, 153.

Niagara River,

key to the lakes, 54–60;

in War of 1812, 181, 182, 189.

Nicolet, 35, 331.

Nipissing, Lake, 13, 27, 34, 218.

Northwestern Fur Company, 224, 335, 338–341.

Ohio,

part of Northwest Territory, 155;

becomes a state, 191;

in 1840, 266, 267;

canals, 283, 284;

railroads, 284–291;

underground railroad, 301, 302;

in Civil War, 318.

Onondaga, see Syracuse.

Ontario, Lake,

discovered and explored, 17, 22, 52, 56, 75;

forts on, 52, 61, 100–112, 189, 218;

travel on, 242;

commerce of, 336.

Ordinance of 1787, 155, 191.

Oswego,

trading post, 102, 105, 333;

Johnson at, 132, 133;

fort, 219;

village, 220, 221.

Pennsylvania,

canals, 284;

railroads, 291–297, 299, 302, 368.

Perrot, Nicholas, 201.

Perry, Oliver Hazard,

early life, 181;

in charge of Lake Erie fleet, 181–182;

battle of Lake Erie, 183–187, 190.

Pontiac,

meets Rogers, 113;

character and early career, 113–116;

blockades Detroit, 119–131;

later life and death, 133.

Pouchot, Capt., French officer at Niagara, 105;

besieged by English, 106–111;

surrenders, 111.

Prideaux, Gen., killed at Niagara, 105, 106.

Proctor, Gen. Henry,

at Malden, 180, 187;

defeated, 188, 189.

Radisson, 39.

Railroads,

Mohawk and Hudson, 238, 240;

New York Central, 241, 291, 298;

Michigan Central, 284, 287, 288;

Kalamazoo and Erie, 285, 286;

Michigan Southern, 285;

Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati, 288–291;

New York and Erie, 291–298;

Illinois Central, 305, 306;

Iron Mountain Road, 351;

see also under Roads.

Rivers,

Chicago, 70, 218, 222;

Cuyahoga, 113, 219;

Detroit, see under Detroit River;

Fox-Wisconsin, 98, 218;

Genesee, 56, 220, 233, 235, 246, 252, 257;

Illinois, 66, 71, 106;

Maumee, 133, 159, 178, 179, 218, 276, 284;

Milwaukee, 223;

Mississippi, 12, 49, 104, 154, 155, 201–203, 211, 218, 225, 299;

Mohawk, 232, 237, 246, 252, 259, 264;

Niagara, see under Niagara River;

Ohio, 49, 104, 154, 158, 165, 228, 284, 302;

Oswego, 102;

Ottawa, 10, 13, 27, 51, 90, 154, 218;

Raisin, 179–181;

Rock, 201–208, 212;

Sandusky, 183, 187;

St. Croix, 225, 344;

St. Joseph’s, 70, 119, 161, 218, 275;

St. Lawrence, 12, 13, 74, 84, 96, 104, 147, 236;

Thames, 188–190;

Wabash, 177, 218;

Wisconsin, 201, 202, 210, 211, 212.

Roads,

buffalo roads, 229, 230;

Indian trails, 230–232;

turnpikes, 232–236, 247–250;

log-roads, 243;

railroads, 238–241, 283–298, 305, 344, 351, 353.

Rochester,

founded, 220;

turnpike to, 235, 236;

on Erie Canal, 252;

canal celebration at, 257, 258.

Rochester, Nathaniel, 220, 235.

Rogers, Major Robert,

meets Pontiac, 113;

at Detroit, 116, 128, 129.

Rome, 232, 258, 259.

Saginaw, 198, 344.

St. Clair, Gen., his defeat, 156–159, 174.

St. Clair, Lake, named, 63, 64.

Saint Lusson, Daumont de, his ceremony at Sault Ste. Marie, 40–48.

Sandusky,

in 1840, 268, 272, 273;

Underground Railroad station, 302;

in Civil War, 322–325, 328;

see also under Forts.

Sandwich,

American army at, 168, 169;

evacuated by British, 187, 188.

Sault Ste. Marie,

discovered, 34, 35, 39;

Saint Lusson at, 39–48;

Henry at, 137, 145–148;

Cass at, 199;

Margaret Fuller at, 282;

“Soo” Canal built, 7, 8, 351, 362–365;

commerce of, 8, 364, 372.

Schenectady, 232, 238, 240, 268.

Scott, Gen. Winfield, in Black Hawk War, 207, 212.

Ships,

kinds of,

bateau, 127, 129, 358, 359;

canal boat, 255–259, 261–264;

canoe, 356–359;

pirogue, 359;

sailing vessel, 359, 360, 365;

steamboats, 268, 269, 279, 360–362, 371;

steel freighters, 365–370;

whalebacks, 370, 371;

ice-breakers, 371, 372;

Griffon,

first sailing vessel on the lakes, 51–69;

built by La Salle, 51–60;

on the lakes, 61–68;

lost, 69, 359, 373;

Beaver, at Detroit, 120, 127, 359;

Gladwin, at Detroit, 120, 126, 127, 130, 359;

ships in battle of Lake Erie, 183–187;

on Erie Canal, 255–259;

in Civil War, 322–326, 329;

Walk-in-the-Water, first steamboat on the lakes, 360, 361, 373.

Sons of Liberty, 318–322, 328.

Stage wagons, 234, 236, 243–245, 247, 248.

Superior,

Indian trading station, 224, 225;

became a town, 225;

commerce of, 344, 369.

Superior, Lake,

discovered and explored, 39, 198–200, 224;

settlement on, 225;

commerce of, 336–341, 344, 347–354, 357, 360–370.

Syracuse (Onondaga), 232, 252, 264.

Taylor, Col. Zachary, 207.

Tecumseh,

leads Indian uprising, 165, 166;

with the British, 169, 170, 187–189;

killed, 189.

Toledo,

in 1840, 266, 276;

terminus of canal and railroad, 284, 287;

rapid growth, 375, 383.

Tolls, table of, 235, 236.

Tonty, companion of La Salle, 56, 70.

Tonty, Madame, 96.

Toronto, 148, 219.

Tower, Charlemagne, opens iron mines, 352, 354.

Travel,

bibliography, 389–391;

to Lake Erie, in 1796, 242–246;

in 1811, 246–250;

on Erie Canal, 261–263;

on Great Lakes in 1840, 266–282.

Travellers,

John Harriott, 242–246;

John Melish, 246–248;

an Englishwoman, 248, 249;

Anne Royall, 261–263;

Margaret Fuller, 278–282.

Treaties,

treaty of Paris, 1782, 153, 154;

Jay’s treaty, 1796, 163;

treaty of Ghent, 1814, 190;

see also Indian treaties.

Turnpikes, see under Roads.

Two Harbors, 353, 354.

Underground Railroad, 301, 302.

Utica (Fort Schuyler), 232, 233, 238, 245, 248, 260, 262.

Walk-in-the-Water, see under Ships.

Wayne, Anthony,

Indian campaign, 156–164;

makes treaty of Greenville, 162;

death, 164.

Wells, William, at Fort Dearborn massacre, 174–177.

Wigwam, Republican, 311–315.

Wisconsin,

part of Northwest Territory, 155;

called Huron district, 193;

Black Hawk War in, 201, 210–212;

in 1840, 266, 267;

lumber trade, 343–346;

mineral wealth, 351, 352, 354.