INDEX

Age of pupils, 44-49; completing secondary schools, 48; on entering the university, 48; in teachers' seminaries, 49.

Age of teachers, 49.

Agriculture, 24.

America of interest to the Norwegians, 173.

Apparatus, 145-146.

Astronomy, 177.

Attendance at school, 54, 77.

Authority, 189.

Certificates, 80.

Centralization of authority, 191.

Christiania's central kitchen, 75, 76.

Christianity established, 20.

Church and state united, 115, 184.

Classes, size of, 40.

Classics, in America, 204; in Germany, 204; their decline, 202.

Climate, effects of, 183.

Co-education, 40, 210-214; in America, 211-213; in Germany, 211.

Cooking, 148.

Co-ordination, between grades, 149; between subjects, 162; of educational agencies, 186.

Correlation, 223; between schools 189, 190.

Course of study, 57, 96-181, 197-207, 209, 218, 219; aim of, 148; changes in, 97; development of, 97-101, 222, 223; during middle ages, 96; linguistic-historical, 31; Latin, 31; real, 31; secondary, 171; suited to people served, 219; uniformity of, 198.

Defective children, 186.

Department of Ecclesiastical and Educational Affairs, 51.

Delinquents, mental, 187; moral, 187.

Diocesan directors, 52.

Discipline in school, 76, 77.

Distribution of schools, 34, 35.

Drawing, 146, 147.

Educational commission, 52.

Educational attainments, Norway and America compared, 216-219; time required, 217, 218.

Educational authority, 188.

Educational equipment, Norway and America compared, 49, 50.

Educational requirements, 27, 34; parents held responsible for, 55.

Educational standards, 54, 55.

Educational system, 184, 188.

Electives, 207, 208.

English, 156, 172, 173; in elementary schools, 173; its grammar, 156; length of course, 173; methods in, 156.

Examen artium, 31.

Examinations, uniformity in, 188.

Exceptional child, 186.

Eyesight, 77, 78.

Fisheries, 24.

French, 168-170; difficulties in study of, 170; length of course, 169.

Geography, 129-134, 158, 159, 177; aim in, 129, 159; methods of presenting, 130-133; of America, 133; texts, 159.

German, 154, 155, 167, 168; authors studied, 168; methods in, 155.

Grammar, 153, 154, 156.

Gymnasium, 100, 163-181, 207-210.

Gymnastic halls, 69.

Gymnastics, 69, 70, 74, 75, 148, 204-206; apparatus, 148; during intermissions, 69, 70; Swedish system of, 75.

Hall, G. S., 189, 190.

Harold, the Fair-Haired, 19.

Health of pupils, 77, 78, 148, 205.

History, 19, 134-139, 156-158, 174-177; aim of, 134, 138; beginnings in, 134; methods in, 157, 158, 176; of Norway, 176; nature of work in, 157; related to geography, 135; stories, 134, 135, 138.

Houses for janitors, 70; for principals, 70; for teachers in the rural districts, 70, 71.

Ideals of the people, 182, 183.

Illustrative materials, 66.

Imitation, law of, 82.

Industrial training, 147, 148.

Industries and occupations, 24.

Infant schools, 53.

Intermissions, 69, 70.

Laboratories, 67, 68, 69.

Latin, 173-174, 202; courses in, 167; length of course in, 174; methods in, 174.

Libraries, 67, 68.

Lumbering, 24.

Lunches, 75, 76, 215, 216.

Lunch rooms, 69; in Christiania, 215, 216.

Luther, influence of, on education, 184.

Lutheran church, 114, 115.

Management of schools, 188-191.

Manual training, 147, 148.

Martin Luther's influence in education, 184.

Mathematics, 125-129, 160, 178, 179, 223; aim in, 125; connection between phases of the subject, 160; co-ordination in, 128; methods in, 128, 129; texts in, 129; thoroughness in, 160; use of, 128.

Medical inspection, 77, 78.

Mental delinquency, 187.

Methods, 72, 73, 74, 82, 83, 219-222; in German, 155; in history, 157, 158, 176; in mother tongue, 118, 119; in nature study, 140; in religion, 163, 164, 200.

Middle school, 31, 32, 100, 149-162; its aim, 149, 150; its foundation, 149; length of course in, 149, 150; its limits, 149; work of, 31, 32.

Moral delinquents, prevention and care of, 187.

Mother tongue, 118-124, 152-154, 164-167; aim on instruction in, 118; correct use of, 123; in America, 124; inclusiveness of work in, 123, 124; methods in, 118, 119; nature of work in, 166, 167.

Natural history, 179-181; laboratory work in, 180, 181.

Nature study, 139-146, 161, 162, 179-181; aim of, 139; illustrative material in, 140-146; character, 161, 162; laboratory work in, 180, 181; methods in, 140; scope of, 139.

Norway, adopts constitution, 20; area of, 22; becomes independent, 22; climate of, 23; development of, 20, 183; geography of, 22; history of, 19; nights in, 24; period of transition in, 183; political divisions of, 22; revolt of, 20; its union with Denmark, 20; its union with Sweden, 20.

Normal schools in the United States, 193, 194.

Norwegians, characteristics of, 25, 26, 27; as colonizers, 20; as sailors, 25; conservative, 184, 185; democratic, 184, 185.

Observation and practice, 83, 84.

Occupations, 24.

Offices, 67, 68.

Officials, duties of, 188; efficiency of, 189.

Organization, needed in America, 189.

Paganism overcome, 20.

Pedagogical seminary, 84, 85, 185, 193, 195.

Pensions, 92, 93.

People, ideals of, 182, 183.

Permanency of teaching positions, 87-89; advantages of, 87; objections to, 88; present tendencies with reference to, 89.

Physical culture, 204-207.

Physician, 77, 78.

Physical geography, 177.

Political geography, 177.

Practice teaching, 83, 84.

Private citizens, their part in school affairs, 61, 62.

Primary education, 52.

Private institutions, 81.

Private schools, 42-44, 54, 186; equipment of, 43; inspection of, 43; recognition of, 44; secondary, 186; teachers' seminaries, 186; technical institutes, 186; tuition in, 43.

Primary schools, 36-39, 185; attendance in, 36-39; course of study in, 102, 104, 106; curriculum in, 99; rural and city, 101; their financing, 62.

Professional training, 33, 79-85, 194, 195; amount of, 194, 195; attitude toward, 194; standards of, 33.

Promotion of teachers, 198.

Pupils, in gymnasia, 40; in lower schools, 40; in middle schools, 40.

Recitation, method of, 72, 4.

Religion, 108-117.

Religious characters, 114.

Religious education, 115-117, 151, 152, 163, 164, 199-202; advantages of, 116; excused from, 117; loss of interest in, 163, 164; methods in, 163, 164, 200; objection to, 116, 117; required, 116; results of, 115-117.

Royal Frederic University, 32.

Schools, agricultural, 33; ambulatory, 29; cathedral, 30; communal, 63; elementary, 20, 30; gymnasial, 30; maintained by industrial concerns, 53; middle, 30; military, 33; peoples', 28; state, 63; technical, 33; their distribution, 34, 35.

School boards, committees of, 56; officers of, 56; organization of, 55, 56.

School buildings, appointment and equipment of, 64-69; construction of, 205.

School committees, appointed by board, 56; duties of, 57, 58, 59.

School curriculum, 197-207.

School discipline, 76, 77.

School districts, 53.

School funds, 62.

School grounds, 205.

School life, in Norway, 217, 218; in America, 217, 218.

School physician, 77, 78.

School principal, 60; duties of, 60, 61.

School room decoration, 67.

School system, its development, 197.

School year, 54, 55; compared with American, 50; length of, 28; in America, 214.

Secondary schools, 52, 149, 185; select strongest pupils, 149.

Sewing, 148.

Special classes for defectives, 186.

Special teachers, 80.

Specialization in university, 51.

Standards of work, 190.

Superintendent, 60, 85; duties of, 60.

Teachers, attitude toward youth, 83; certificates, 80; life of, 195-197; rooms for, 67, 68; salaries of, 63, 91-95; sex of, 71, 72; special considerations, 91, 92; their tenure of office, 71, 72.

Teacher's qualifications, 79, 80, 146, 196; improvement of, 196; in secondary schools, 79, 80.

Teachers' seminaries, 83, 193; attendance at, 42; curricula in, 82; private, 41; weaknesses of, 83; work of, 81.

Teachers' tenure of office, 86-91; in America, 89.

Teachers' titles, 85-86; significance of, 86; use of, 86.

Teachers' training, 81, 83, 84, 85, 191-195; for secondary schools, 85; in Germany, 192-193.

Teaching as a profession, in Norway, 79, 80; its value, 196.

Technical schools, 185.

Vikings, 19.

Vocal music, in America, 207; its influence, 206; Napoleon on, 206; nature of, in Norway, 147.

Writing, 146.