INDEX

INDEX

A

Adams, John, Jackson makes acquaintance of, 17. Adams, J. Q., Secretary of State, and Jackson’s Florida expedition, 62, 63, 64; candidate for presidency, 76-77, 82-83, 84, 86, 87, 88-93; and Jackson, 80, 93-94, 108, 122, 220; diary quoted, 88, 109; “corrupt bargain,” 89-92, 96; elected, 93; as President, 95-100, 104-106; personal characteristics, 96-97; abolishes patronage, 97-98; and internal improvements, 99, 100, 105; candidate for reëlection (1828), 106, 109-110; no enthusiasm for, 113; on Calhoun, 139; and Indian question, 206; biography, 238. Alabama, Indians in, 202, 203, 204, 214. Ambrister, Robert, 58. American, New York, quoted, 229. Apalachicola River, Nicholls builds fort on, 53; Jackson’s army marches down, 57. Arbuthnot, Alexander, 53, 58. Aurora, Pennsylvania newspaper, 193.

B

Baltimore, welcomes Jackson, 64, 219; Democratic convention at (1835), 225. Bancroft, George, quoted, 222. Bank, United States, Jackson’s attitude toward, 79, 184-188; Adams and, 99; established, 138, 182; and the South, 140; war on, 181-200; Congress supports, 187; Jackson plans reorganization of, 187; bill to recharter, 189-191; bill vetoed, 190, 218; as political issue, 191; believed insolvent by Jackson, 192-193; removal of deposits, 193-195; senate censures Jackson for removal, 196-198; Whigs try to resurrect (1841), 200; bibliography, 239. Barry, W. T., Postmaster-General, 118. Bassett, J. S., biographer of Jackson, cited, 4, 238; quoted, 37. Benton, Jesse, Jackson encounters, 21, 33. Benton, T. H., 26, 149, 232, 233; Jackson fights with, 21, 33; quoted, 49, 113, 167; introduces bills against Adams, 105; on Van Buren’s defeat as minister, 136; on Foote’s resolution, 144; on Hayne, 147; and United States Bank question, 190-191, 195; and censure of Jackson, 197; biography, 238. Berrien, J. M., Attorney-General, 118. Biddle, Nicholas, President of United States Bank, 183, 184, 185-186, 187, 188, 189, 192, 195. Black Hawk War, 215. Blair, F. P., editor of the Globe, 130, 193, 221, 232. Blount, William, 17; Governor of Tennessee, 26, 28, 30, 35, 55, 74. Borgne, Lake, British army at, 40. Boston, endorses Jackson’s proclamation to South Carolina, 176; welcomes President Jackson, 219. Bowyer, Fort, British attempt to destroy, 39. Branch, John, Secretary of Navy, 118. Brown, Jacob, of New York, 51. Buchanan, James, author of “corrupt bargain,” 90. Burr, Aaron, Jackson makes acquaintance of, 17; opinion of Jackson, 73. Butler, General, 233.

C

Cabinet, Jackson’s, 117-118, 129-130, 135-136, 193-194, 218; Kitchen, 130-131. Cadwalader, General Thomas, 110, 184. Calhoun, J. C., father makes home at Waxhaw, 5; Secretary of War, and Jackson’s Florida expedition, 56, 62, 135; aspirant for presidency, 77-78, 87, 103, 131; Jackson’s attitude toward, 80; candidate for vice presidency, 84; elected, 85; described by Adams, 109; reëlected to vice presidency, 110; Eaton controversy, 132-134; against Van Buren, 134; sectionalist, 139; at Hayne-Webster debate, 149; change in political ideas, 159; Exposition, 161, 168; and nullification, 161, 162, 164-165, 166, 167-168, 171, 172; seeks support of South Carolina, 162; Address to the People of South Carolina, 168; Fort Hill Letter, 168; and tariff, 169; resigns vice presidency, 172; in Senate, 172, 196; on Indian policy, 216; bibliography, 238. Calhoun, Mrs. J. C., 134. Calhoun, Rebecca, marries Andrew Pickens, 5. Callava, José, Governor of Florida, 58-59, 65, 66, 67. Campbell, G. W., Senator from Tennessee, 23. Carrickfergus (Ireland), home of Jackson’s father, 1, 9. Carroll, William, 111. Cass, Lewis, Secretary of War, 136; accompanies Jackson to New England, 219; possible candidate for presidency, 233. Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Lord Viscount, quoted, 61. Caucus as nominating device, 81-82, 84. Charleston (S. C.), Andrew Jackson’s father arrives at, 1; Jackson in, 9, 10; preparations against, 173; nullifiers meet at, 178. Cherokee Indians, number, 203; location, 203; civilization, 204; and Georgia, 207-213; treaty with, 214; remainder removed from the East, 215. Cherokee Nation vs. State of Georgia, 210-211. Cheves, Langdon, exponent of broad constitutional construction, 159; President of United States Bank, 183. Chickasaw Indians, number, 203; location, 203; civilization, 203-204; removed, 214. Choctaw Indians, number, 203; location, 203; civilization, 203-204; removed, 214. Cincinnati greets Jackson, 115. Civil service, Adams and, 97-98; bibliography, 239; see also Spoils System. Claiborne, W. C. C., Governor-General and Intendant of Louisiana, 25. Clay, Henry, quoted, 43; and Jackson’s Florida expedition, 62, 63; candidate for presidency (1824), 78, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88; and Jackson, 80; “corrupt bargain,” 89-92; 96; Secretary of State, 94, 97, 105; and nationalism, 100; loses hope of presidency, 109; Compromise Tariff, 179; and United States Bank, 189, 196; on veto power, 190; nominee of National Republican party (1832), 191, 225; on disposal of proceeds from public lands, 199; on removal of Indians, 215-216. Clayton, J. M., of Delaware, 148. Clinton, DeWitt, toasted at Tammany dinner, 64. Cochrane, Sir Alexander Inglis, Admiral, sends news of peace to Jackson, 46. Cocke, General John, 33, 34. Cohens vs. Virginia, 141. Columbia (S. C.), ordinance of nullification drawn up at, 170-171, 174. Columbian Observer of Philadelphia, 89, 90. Concord (N. H.), Jackson goes to, 219. Congress, question of Jackson’s Florida expedition, 62-63; and Adams, 104-105; nationalistic laws, 138; Webster-Hayne debate, 145-157; Force Bill, 177, 179, 180; Verplanck Bill, 178; and United States Bank, 187, 189-191, 196; Senate censures Jackson, 196-198, 228; Senate ratifies Indian treaty, 206; creates Indian reservation, 209. Constitution, Adams for liberal construction, 99; amendment proposed, 105; questions in 1828, 143; Webster-Hayne debate, 145-157. Corn Tassel, Cherokee executed in Georgia, 212. Cotton, influence of price on sentiment of South Carolina, 159. Crawford, W. H., at Waxhaw settlement, 5; and Jackson, 62, 80; supported by Van Buren, 64; candidate for presidency, 76, 77, 81, 82, 83, 86; health fails, 83-84; supporters ally themselves to Jackson, 103. Creek Indians, and Tecumseh, 25; massacre at Fort Mims, 31, 32; outbreak in South, 32-36; 52, 54-55; treaty with, 37-38; number, 203; location, 203; civilization, 203; dispossessed, 205-207, 214; see also Creek War, Seminole War. Creek War, 32-38. Cumberland River, Jackson’s army down the, 28.

D

Dale, Sam, and Jackson, 174. Davie, W. R., Governor of North Carolina, 5. Democratic party, and United States Bank, 195; convention (1835), 225. Dickerson, Mahlon, of New Jersey, 148. Dickinson, Charles, killed in duel by Jackson, 21. Donelson, A. J., nephew and private secretary of Jackson, 114, 130. Donelson, Mrs. A. J., mistress of White House, 114, 221. Donelson, John, helps found Nashville, 12; Jackson marries daughter of, 15. Duane, W. J., Secretary of Treasury, 193-194.

E

Earl, R. E. W., artist engaged in painting portraits of Jackson, 114. Eaton, J. H., and Jackson, 7-8, 52, 73, 116, 130; Secretary of War, 8, 117, 118, 208. Eaton, Mrs. J. H., 88, 132-134. Elections, Presidential, of 1824, 82-93, 95-96; manner of selecting President an issue of 1824, 84; “corrupt bargain,” 89-92, 96; proposed amendment to Constitution providing direct, 105; campaign of 1828, 106-110; of 1832, 187, 191; of 1836, 226-227; of 1840, 232; of 1844, 233. England, frontiersman’s attitude toward, 25; see also War of 1812. Everett, Edward, cited, 219.

F

Finance, national debt paid, 199; Government funds in state banks, 199; independent treasury system, 199-200, 235; see also Bank, United States; Tariff. Florida and Jackson, 22, 27-28, 30-31, 39-40, 51-61; Southwest longs for conquest of, 26; encourages Indian uprising, 32; Spain and, 52, 53, 55-56, 61; controversy over Jackson’s expedition, 61-64; United States treaty with Spain, 64. Foote, S. A., of Connecticut, 144. Force Bill, 177, 179; nullified by South Carolina convention, 180. Forsyth, John, of Georgia, 149. Fowltown, fight at, 54, 55. Franklin, “Western District” tries to set up State of, 12. Frelinghuysen, Theodore, of New Jersey, 148. Friends, Society of, protest removal of Indians, 216.

G

Gaines, General E. P., 54, 55. Gallatin, Albert, Jackson makes acquaintance of, 17; describes Jackson, 18. Gazette, Nashville, 75. General Neville (river boat), Jackson travels down Ohio on, 101. Georgia, and state rights, 142; and tariff, 169; Indians of, 202, 203, 204, 205 et seq.; nullification, 213. Ghent, Treaty of, 43, 53, 137. Gibbs, General, 40. Girard Bank of Philadelphia, treasury receipts to be deposited in, 194. Globe, administration organ, 130, 230. Green, Duff, party manager for Jackson, 115; edits United States Telegraph, 118; in Kitchen Cabinet, 130. Grundy, Felix, of Tennessee, 74, 75, 149.

H

Hall, D. A., Federal district judge in New Orleans, 47. Hamilton J. A., 117, 118. Hamilton, James, Governor of South Carolina, 168, 170, 179. Harrisburg (Penn.), nominating convention at, 84. Harrison, W. H., Governor of Indiana, at Tippecanoe, 25; Jackson offers aid to, 26; resigns commission, 37; candidate for presidency, 226-227. Hartford Convention, 138. Harvard University confers degree on Jackson, 220. Havana, Jackson sends Spaniards to, 60. Hayne, R. Y., 110, 167; speech in Congress, 144-145; debate with Webster, 145-157; personal characteristics, 147; change in political ideas, 159, 163; and nullification, 162, 176; elected Governor of South Carolina, 172; biography, 239. Hermitage, The, Jackson’s home, 19-20, 50, 55, 67, 68-72, 102-103, 218, 223, 231, 233, 234. Hill, Isaac, 111, 116, 221; Senate rejects nomination of, 129; in Kitchen Cabinet, 130; quoted, 164-165, 181. Holmes, John, of Maine, 148. Horseshoe Bend, battle with Creeks at, 35. Houston, Sam, 35. Hunter’s Hill, Jackson’s plantation near Nashville, 15, 19. Huntsville (Ala.), Jackson brings forces together at, 33.

I

Indian Queen Tavern (the Wigwam), 115, 120. Indian Territory created (1834), 214. Indians, 142; hostility near Nashville, 12; Creek War, 32-38; Seminole War, 54-58; removal of, 201-216, 236; see also names of tribes. Ingham, S. D., Secretary of Treasury, 117. Internal improvements, 138; Jackson on, 79; issue in 1824, 84; Adams and, 99, 100, 105; South opposes, 140; South Carolina and, 159; Maysville Road veto, 218.

J

Jackson, Andrew, father of the President, 1-3. Jackson, Andrew, birth (1767), 3-4; birthplace, 4-5; early life, 5 et seq.; personal characteristics, 6, 7, 11, 15, 18, 19, 20-21, 213, 217, 234-235; education, 7, 10; in the Revolution, 8-9; attitude toward British, 9; business enterprises, 9-10, 19-20; in Charleston, 9-10; admitted to bar, 11; goes to Tennessee, 13-14; as “solicitor” in Nashville, 14-16; marriage, 15; represents Tennessee in Congress, 16-17; in Senate, 17-18, 69; as judge in Tennessee, 18-19; quarrels, 20-21; in War of 1812, 26 et seq.; nicknamed “Old Hickory,” 30; in Creek War, 33-38; at New Orleans, 40-43, 45-50; popularity, 45, 50, 63-64, 115, 210, 229-230; in Seminole War, and Florida expedition, 55-61; controversy about Florida expedition, 61-64; as Governor of Florida, 64-67; life at the Hermitage, 68-72, 102-103; candidate for presidency (1824), 73 et seq., 95; and tariff, 79, 143, 162-163, 169, 235-236; and Adams, 80, 93-94, 108, 122, 220; and Crawford, 80; and Clay, 80; and Calhoun, 80, 134-135; candidate for presidency (1828), 100 et seq.; resigns from Senate, 102; as a politician, 107-108; election, 109-110; journey to Washington, 114-115; as President-elect, 115-119; Cabinet, 117-118, 129-130, 135-136, 193-194, 218; inauguration, 119-124; and Spoils System, 124-127, 236; and Congress, 128; Kitchen Cabinet, 130-131; Eaton controversy, 132-134; toast to the Union, 164-166; and nullification, 167, 173-177; candidate for reëlection (1832), 168, 218; proclamation to South Carolina (1832), 175-176; Force Bill, 177, 179, 180; and United States Bank, 182, 184 et seq., 218; censured by Senate, 196-198, 228; and Indian policy, 208-209, 214-216; and Georgia, 213; journeys to New England, 219; Harvard confers degree on, 220; life at White House, 221-223; his finances, 223-224; political influence, 224-228; farewell address, 228-229; return to Nashville, 230; last years, 231-234; death (1845), 234; Webster’s characterization of, 234-235; achievements, 235-236; bibliography, 237-238. Jackson, Mrs. Andrew, mother of the President, 3-4, 5, 8-9. Jackson, Mrs. Andrew, wife of the President, 48-50, 65, 71, 122; quoted, 65-66, 68-69; death, 111-112. Jackson, Fort, 36; Treaty of, 54. Jamaica, British from, 40. Jefferson, Thomas, Jackson makes acquaintance of, 17; on Jackson, 18; candidate of the masses, 113; and State rights, 139, 141-142, 164. Jonesboro (Tenn.), Jackson’s traveling party at, 13.

K

Kemble, Fanny, and Jackson, 217. Kendall, Amos, 221; in Kitchen Cabinet, 130. Kentucky made a State (1791), 16. Key, F. S., at Jackson’s inauguration, 121. King, W. R., of Alabama, 149. Kitchen Cabinet, 130-131. Knoxville (Tenn.), 25; convention at, 16. Kremer, George, and “corrupt bargain,” 89-91.

L

La Fayette, Marquis de, 219; and Jackson, 71-72. Lavasseur, secretary to La Fayette, 70. Lewis, Major W. B., 63, 125, 129, 134-135; campaign manager for Jackson, 74, 75, 85, 103, 111, 112, 163; accompanies Jackson to Washington, 114, 116, 221; in Kitchen Cabinet, 130. Livingston, Edward, 48; Jackson makes acquaintance of, 17; declines place in cabinet, 117; Secretary of State, 136; and proclamation to South Carolina, 175; and United States Bank, 188; minister to France, 193. Lodge, H. C., quoted, 146. Louisville greets Jackson, 115.

M

Macay, Spruce, lawyer with whom Jackson studied, 10, 12. M’Culloch vs. Maryland (1819), 141, 183. MacDonald, William, Jacksonian Democracy, quoted, 152. McDuffie, George, 162, 189. McKemy family at whose home Jackson is said to have been born, 4. McLane, Louis, Secretary of Treasury, 136; and United States Bank, 188, 193. McLean, John, Postmaster-General, 118; candidate for presidency, 226. McNairy, John, 12-13, 14, 21. Mangum, W. P., of North Carolina, 227. Marshall, John, Chief-Justice, at Jackson’s inauguration, 120, 121; and State rights, 138, 141; on Cherokee nation, 211; and Jackson, 213. Martinsville (N. C.), Jackson practices law at, 11. Mason, Jeremiah, branch bank president, 185. Maysville Road veto, 218. Mims, Fort (Ala.), massacre at, 31, 32, 36. Mississippi and Indians, 214. Mississippi Valley, British plan assault on, 38. Missouri Compromise, 159. Mobile, Jackson and, 29, 37, 39, 57; Congress authorizes taking of, 30. Monroe, Fortress, 173. Monroe, James, Secretary of War, 40; Jackson writes to, 43; and Jackson’s Florida expedition, 56, 61, 62, 67; Jackson supports, 80; Adams confers with, 94; popular approval of, 95; and Indian question, 206. Monticello, home of Jefferson, 18. Morganton (N. C.), 25; Jackson joins traveling party at, 13.

N

Nashville (Tenn.), founded, 12; Jackson goes to, 13-14; in 1789, 14; Phillips reaches, 25; Jackson’s army assembles at, 28; entertains Jackson, 37, 101; Jackson in, 51, 230. Natchez (Miss.), Jackson’s troops in, 29, 30. National Intelligencer, 62, 89. National Republican party, 104, 108; defends United States Bank, 191, 195; joins Whigs, 225. Negro Fort, Nicholls’s, 53, 54, 57. New England receives President Jackson, 219-220. New Orleans, news of War of 1812 reaches, 25; Jackson and, 28, 37, 39, 40-43, 45-50; gunboats sent from, 57. New Orleans Territory, Jackson denied governorship of, 20. New York (State) controls vice presidency, 75-76. New York City, fêtes Jackson, 63, 219; and nullification, 176. Nicholls, Colonel Edward, 32, 52-53. Nolte describes Jackson and his wife, 49-50. North Carolina, claims to be Jackson's birthplace, 4; and tariff, 169. Nullification, 161-180, 236; and Jefferson, 142; Georgia and, 142, 213; South Carolina Exposition, 142; Hayne on, 150; Webster on, 151, 152-153; Calhoun and, 161, 162, 164-165, 166, 167-168, 171, 172; Turnbull’s Crisis, 161; Calhoun’s Exposition, 161; Jackson and, 167, 173-177, 219; South Carolina’s ordinance of, 170-171, 179-180; Force Bill, 177, 179, 180; Compromise Tariff, 178-179; bibliography, 239.

O

Ohio on State rights, 141. O’Neil, “Peggy,” see Eaton, Mrs. J. H. O’Neil’s Tavern, 87-88. Onis, Luis de, Spanish Minister, 61, 64. Oregon, Jackson desires extension in, 233. Osborn vs. United States Bank (1824), 183.

P

Pakenham, General Sir Edward, 40, 42. Panama Congress (1826), 105. Parton, James, biographer of Jackson, 238; cited, 4, 18-19, 29, 72, 175. Peale, picture of Jackson by, 64. Pennsylvania, 193-194; grants Bank charter, 198. Pensacola, Jackson and, 29, 39, 40, 58; Nicholls at, 32; Spanish in, 52; toast to, 60. Philadelphia, national capital, 17; fêtes Jackson, 63, 219. Phillips, William, “Billy,” courier, 23, 24-25, 26. Pickens, Andrew, at Waxhaw settlement, 5. Pittsburgh greets Jackson, 115. Poinsett, J. R., of South Carolina, 174. Political parties, no party lines in 1822, 73; see also Democratic, National Republican, Republican, Whig. Polk, J. K., 230, 233. Public lands, Adams and, 99; Foote’s resolution (1829), 144-145, 155; sale of, 169, 199.

R

Randolph, John, 17, 93, 96. “Red Sticks,” name for Creek braves, 36, 54. Reid, John, biographer of Jackson, 7. Republican party, and Constitution, 99; supports Jackson, 103. Rhea, John, 56, 74. “Rhea letter,” 56. Richmond Enquirer, 141. Roane, Judge, of Virginia, 141. Robertson, James, helps found Nashville, 12. Rush, Richard, cited, 61.

S

St. Augustine, Jackson and, 29; Spaniards in, 52. St. Marks, Spaniards in, 52; Jackson and, 57, 58. Salisbury (N. C.), 25; Jackson studies law at, 10-11. Scott, General Winfield, 173, 215. Scott, Fort, 55, 57. Seminole Indians, 52. Seminole War, 54-58. Sevier, John, Governor of Tennessee, 20. Seymour, Horatio, of Vermont, 148. Slavery, South resists federal legislation on, 140. South, The, on State rights, 139-140, 143; and United States Bank, 140; and tariff, 160-161; see also names of States. South Carolina, claims to be birthplace of Jackson, 4; and tariff, 142, 145, 159, 166; see also Nullification. South Carolina Exposition, 142. “Southwest Territory,” 16. Spain, and Florida, 52, 53, 55-56; treaty with, 64; see also Florida. Spoils System, Jackson and, 124-127, 236. State rights, 139-140; Hayne on, 150, 154; Webster on, 152; see also Nullification. Story, Judge Joseph, quoted, 123. Strother, Fort, 34, 35. Supreme Court, on State rights, 138-139; on United States Bank, 183; on Indian rights, 210-212; Georgia defies, 212-213. Suwanee (Fla.), Jackson at, 58. Swann, Thomas, Jackson and, 21.

T

Tammany entertains Jackson, 63. Taney, R. B., Attorney-General, 136; writes for Jackson, 190, 228; Secretary of Treasury, 194, 196. Tariff, 84, 158 et seq.; Jackson and, 79, 143, 162-163, 169, 235-236; Adams and, 99; Calhoun votes for protection, 139; South opposes protective, 140, 142, 143, 159-160; woolens bill (1827), 160; Act of 1824, 160, 161; Act of 1828, 160, 169, 170; Act of 1832, 169, 170; Force Bill, 177, 179, 180; Verplanck Bill, 178; Compromise Tariff, 179; bibliography, 239; see also Nullification. Tecumseh works among Southern Indians, 25-26. Tennessee, admitted as State (1796), 16; meaning of name, 16; Legislature favors Jackson’s nomination, 102; Indians, 202. Texas, Jackson favors annexation, 235. Tippecanoe, Battle of, 25. Tohopeka, battle at, 35. Troup, G. M., Governor of Georgia, 206. Turnbull, R. J., The Crisis, 161. Turner, F. J., The Rise of the New West; quoted, 159-160. Twelve-mile Creek, Jackson’s father settles on, 2. Tyler, John, President, 148; Bank vetoes, 200.

U

Union County (N. C.), Jackson’s father settles in, 3. United States Telegraph, of Washington, Jackson organ, 102, 118, 130.

V

Van Buren, Martin, 63, 115, 219, 221, 232, 233; supports Jackson, 103-104; Governor of New York, 116-117; Secretary of State, 117, 118; in Kitchen Cabinet, 130; aims at presidency, 132-134, 135; in Eaton controversy, 133-134; appointment as minister to Great Britain not ratified, 136; advises Jackson, 166; candidate for vice presidency, 168, 224; sets up independent treasury system, 200; candidate for presidency, 224-225; election, 226-227; inauguration, 230; biography, 238. Verplanck, J. C., of New York, tariff bill, 178. Virginia, controls presidency, 75-76; and State rights, 141-142; and tariff, 169.

W

War of 1812, 24 et seq., 52, 99, 137-138. Washington, George, 14, 219. Washington, captured, 38; Jackson journeys to, 50-51, 85, 114-115. Waxhaw settlement, Jackson family at, 2; notable people from, 5; in the Revolution, 8. Weathersford, Creek half-breed, 36. Webster, Daniel, 18, 93, 189, 196; quoted, 115-116, 127; constitutional debate (1830), 145-157; life and characteristics, 147-148; Jackson’s estimate of, 225-226; on Jackson, 234-235; bibliography, 238. Webster, Ezekiel, 113. West, The, and War of 1812, 25; and Indian policy, 201 et seq. “Western District” tries to set up State, 12. Whig party, 225; tries to resurrect United States Bank, 200. White, H. L., of Tennessee, 116, 149; candidate for presidency, 224, 226, 227. Wilkinson, General James, 29, 31, 37. Wirt, William, 210. Woodbury, Levi, Secretary of Navy, 136, 148, 219. Worcester vs. State of Georgia, 211-212.