INDEX

ABT system of grading, 255, 307

Abu Hamed, 154

Aconcagua Peak, 128, 274

—— River, 277

Acre, Bay of, 122

Adelaide, 184, 190

Adelsköld, Mme. Gustafva, 260

—- Major C., 260–62

Adhesion traction, 217

Africa, railways of, 79, 139–61

—— Cape to Cairo railway, 139–61

—— Central, railways of, 281–8

—— French West, 145

—— German East, 150

—— —— South-West, 79

—— Portuguese East, 281, 282

——- South, the war, 155

—— —— gold-fields, 301

Air-brakes, 313

Airolo, 33, 35, 41, 42, 44

Akasha, 153

Alaska, 162

—— reclamation of, 102–16

Albany, 187

Albert Nyanza, Lake, 151, 161

Alexandria, 154, 158, 159

Allahabad, 252

—— -Fyzerbad railway, 252

Allan, Sir Hugh, 225

Alps, the, 162–3, 170

—— the Southern, 194

Amarillo Gorge, 274

Amazon River, 129, 270

America, South—

First trans-continental railway, 270

Laissez-faire attitude, 14

Survey work, 9–11

World’s highest line, 128–38

American Civil War, the, 309

American railway interests, 155, 183, 293, 300

Amur railway, the, 201, 211, 212

—— Valley, 209

Andermatt, village of, 42

Anderson, Messrs. J. & A., 195

Andes, the, 9, 128–9, 134, 135, 137, 177, 270, 271, 272, 274, 277, 278

—— Trans-andine railway, 270, 274

Animas Canyon, 170

Antofagasta railway, 136, 279

Arab raiders, 119, 126–7

Arabia, deserts of, 117

Argentina-Chile peace, 275

Arica, 279

Arkansas River, 164

Arlberg Tunnel, the, 88–9, 94, 95

Armstrong, Sir W. G., 200, 206

Arnold, Bion, 56

Asia Minor, 122

Assling, 97

Assuan, 158

Atbara, 154, 159

—— Bridge, 154, 156, 157

—— River, 154

Atlin, 111

Auckland, 194

Auspoint, 94

Australasia, railways of, 175–97

Australia, South—

Railways, 184–5

Survey work, 191–3

Australia, West—

Railways, 176, 186, 187, 189

Survey work, 190–92

Trans-continental scheme, 190–191

Water-supply, 187–9, 190–91

Austria, railway enterprise, 88, 90, 95

Avers Platz, 163

“Azure Dragon,” the, 289, 296

Baden-Zurich railway, 31

Bahia Honda, 248

Baikal, Lake, 150, 200, 206, 207

—— railway, 201

Baker, Sir Benjamin, 293–4

Baldwin Company of Philadelphia, 217

Baltic Sea, ice-breakers, 206

Barrow, F. W., 215

Bathurst, 177

Batignolles, 303–4

Batn-el-Ghoul, the, 124

Beacon Hill Tunnel, 300–301

Beckwourth Pass, 317

Bedouin, the, 118–21, 126–7

Beira, 284

Beirut, 122

Beit, Alfred, 149

Belgian railway interests, 150–51, 295, 299, 300

Bell, J. B., 252

Bennett, Lake, 108–9

Bennett, Mr., 26–7

Bergen, 262, 263, 267, 269

Bergen-Christiania line, 263–9

Bergsund, 261

Biaschina Gorge, 43

“Big Hill,” 217, 218, 231–2

Biwa Lake, 305

Blackwall Tunnel, 55

Blanc, Mont, 128

Blantyre, 282, 283, 287

Bluden, 90

Blue Nile, the, 156–7

Bodin, Georges, 303

Bogie principle, 78

Bolivia, railways of, 279–80

Borneo, British North, 4

Bossi, engineer, 42

Boulder River Canyon, 172

Box Tunnel, 23

Boxer Rebellion, the, 299

Bozeman Tunnel, 310–11

Bramstone Tunnel, 24

Brandt hydraulic drills, 89–90, 98, 265

Bray Head, 23–5

Brazil—

Brazilian-Portuguese labourers, 223

Configuration, 216

Leopoldina system, 214–23

“Bridge Line,” New Zealand, 196–7

Bridges—

Girder, 221

Rack system, 221

Steel, 260

Bristen Tunnel, 44

British and Chinese Corporation, 296, 300

British Central Africa Co., 282

—— Columbia, 110, 224, 239

—— North Borneo, 4

Broken Hill, 147, 149, 150

Bromma, 267

Brunel, work in Ireland, 22–5

Buenos Aires and Pacific railway, 270

Buffalo, 55, 70–71

Bukana, 151

Buluwayo, 141, 142

Burma, Gokteik Viaduct, 250

—— Railway Co., 254

—— Upper, bridges, 254

Butte, 312

Cairo, 139, 150, 151, 158

Caissons, 182–3

California, the gold rush to, 60, 69

Callao, 129, 130, 138

Camels, transport by, 190–2

Campos, 221

Canada—

Eastern, the railway in, 225

Fighting gangs, 28

First trans-continental, 224–39

Muskeg country, 18, 226–9

Canadian Pacific railway, 316–17

“Big Hill,” 217, 218, 231–2

Chinese labour on, 15

Eagle Pass, 238

Gold Range, 238

Government aid, 225–6

Kicking Horse Pass, 232–4

Muskeg country, difficulties, 226–9

Selkirk Range, 234–8

Cantilever principle, 144, 239

Canton, 299, 300

—— -Kowloon railway, 295, 299–301

Cape of Good Hope, 212

Cape to Cairo railway—

Northwards from Cape Town, 139–51

Southwards from Cairo, 152–61

Cape Town, 139, 141, 145, 147, 150, 161

Carnarvon, 79

Cascade Range—

Grading, 21, 321

Snowsheds, 24

Tunnelling, 25, 27, 193, 313–14, 321

“Catch points,” 231

Cathedral Mountain, 233

Cenis Tunnel, 31–2, 35, 36, 88–90, 217

Central Otago railway, 196–7

Central Pacific railway, 63, 65, 70, 198, 315

Central railway of Peru, 136

Central Siberian railway, 200, 203

Champlain and St. Lawrenc railway, 46

—— Lake, 46

Chang-Tien-Yow, 297

Chat Moss, 17

Chenab River, 252

Chepstow bridge, 23

Cheyennes, the, 67–8

Chicago, 54, 58, 241, 318

—— & North-Western railway, 162

—— Milwaukee & Puget Sound line, 308, 318–22

—— Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, 318, 319

Chichli, 291

Chicla, 135

Chikwawa, 282

Chile, 274–5

Chilian labour, 277

Chilkoot Pass, 104

China—

Early days in, 289–96

Eastern Chinese railways, 211

Frontier, 198, 211–13

Mileage of railways, 289, 307

Modern developments, 297–307

Trade guilds, 15, 16

Chinde, 281, 282, 284

Chinese labourers, 14–16, 69, 210, 212

Chinook, the, 103, 317

Chiromo, 283, 285, 286, 287

Chisso, workman, 42

Chosica, 130

Christchurch, 194

Christiania, 262–4, 269

Christo Redentor, statue of, 275

Chungzoune River, 255, 257, 258

Circum-Baikal line, 204–9

Cleveland Engineering & Bridge-building Co., 144, 157

Col de Fréjus. See Cenis Tunnel

Colladon, Prof., 36

Collie district, 186–7

Colorado, mountains of, 162–3

Columbia River, 6, 28, 234, 250, 308, 309, 322

Congo Free State, 149

—— River, 150, 151

Congolo, 151

Constantinople, 122

Coolgardie—

Condensing plant, 188–9

Gold rush, 186, 187

Railway enterprise, 190–91

Cooper, Fenimore, The Pathfinder, 66

Cordilleras, the, 128, 129, 130, 132, 274

“Corduroying,” 18

Corean labour, 212

Corkscrew grading, 124–5, 233

Cornwall, 22

Council Bluffs, 62, 63, 65

Cragellachie, 238

Cromer, Lord, 152

Cuba, trade, 240–41

Cumbres Pass, 169

Curzon railway bridge (Allahabad), 252–4

Dakota, North, 229, 320

Dallas, 170

Dalnaspiel, 173

Dalwhinnie, 173

Damascus, 117, 118, 121, 122

—— Repairing works at, 126

Darling Mountains, 189

—— Range, 186, 188, 189

—— —— Upper, 187

Darlington, 144

Dartmoor, 173

Dawson, 103, 111

Deane, Henry, M.I.C.E., 180–81, 191

Denver, 171, 172, 174

—— & Rio Grande railway, 8, 162, 163, 314

Deraa, 122, 123

—— River, 122

Dervishes, 153, 156

Des Moines, 65

Deuchars, G., 257

Dhorabhave River, 250

—— Viaduct, 250

Diamondopolis, 141

Dickson, Norman B., M.I.C.E., 215, 218–23

Dinas, 79

Dovrejelf Range, 263–4

Drave River, 94

Dublin & South-Eastern railway, 23

Dufile, 160–61

Dunedin, 196

Durant, Thomas C., 60, 62, 65, 70

Dyaks, 5

Eagle Pass, 7, 238

—— River Canyon, 171

East Indian railway, 250

Eastern Chinese railways, 211

Edward, King, Victoria Bridge opened by, 51

Egypt—

British penetration, 119

Railways in, 152–3

Eiffel Tower, 169

Ekaterinburg, 199

El Misti, 137

El Obeid, 157

Electric drills, 96, 100

Electrical system, single-phase alternating current, 56

Elizabethville, 150

Elswick, 200

Ermak, ice-breaker, 206

Espirito Santo, 214

Euphrates Valley, 123

“Everglades, The,” 241–6, 249

Fades Viaduct, 145

Fairbanks, 112

Favre, L., 34, 39, 40, 42

Feather River, 316

—— River Canyon, 316, 318

Fell system, the, 217

Festiniog Toy railway, 76–79, 81

Field, 231

“Fighting gang,” 28

Fires, forest, 235–6

Fjeldberg, 264

Flagler, Henry, 240, 241, 249

“Flagler’s Folly,” 242, 249

Flat Creek Viaduct, 197

Floods, 219–20, 251

Florida East Coast railway, 240–49

Formosa, 291

Fort Augusta, 190

—— Johnston, 287

Fox, Sir Douglas, and Partners, 285

Foxwood Tunnel, 23

France, railway interests, 295, 299, 301–14

Fraser, James, M.I.C.E., 181–2

—— River Canyon, 239

Fremantle, 193

Fremont Pass, 168–9

Fritsch, Prof., 33

Fung Shui, influence of, 289, 296

Galera Tunnel, 135–6, 138, 274

Gales, Robert R., M.I.C.E., 253

Galilee, Sea of, 123

Ganges, bridges, 252, 253

Garry, Fort, 224

Gauges—

Metre, 215

Narrow-gauge system, 78, 105, 111

Standard, 267

Uniform, need for, 176

Wide, 48

Gellivare iron mines, 260

Gelpke, M. O., C.E., 33

Geraldton, 186, 187, 188, 189

German railway interests, 33, 295

Girouard, Sir Percy, 153

Gjeilo, 268

Gloggnitz, 92

Godavari Bridge, 250

—— River, 250

Gokteik Viaduct, 250, 254–9

Gold Range, the, 6, 238

Gold rush to—

California, 60

Colorado, 163

Klondyke, 103, 110

San Francisco, 65

Golden Gate, the, 63, 65

—— Horn, 64

Gondoroko, 158, 160

Göschenen, 35, 41

Göta Bridge, 260–62

—— River, 260–61

Gothenburg, 262

Gould, Jay, 47

Goz Abu Guma, 157

Grading, Corkscrew, 43, 124–5, 195, 233

—— Switchback, 219

—— Zigzag, 177–81, 187, 219

Grand Trunk railway, 48, 54, 58, 143

Grand Trunk Railway Co., 47

Grant, General, 68–9

Grattoni, engineer, 32

Gravehals Tunnel, 264–6

Great Britain, railway interests, 91, 104, 144, 147, 154–5, 157, 214–23, 254, 276, 295, 300

—— Lakes, the, 47, 58, 162, 311

—— Northern railway, 21, 308, 311–14

—— Salt Lake, 70

—— Wall of China, 297, 298

—— Western railway, 173

—— “Zigzag,” the, 179–80

Greymouth, 194

Guilds, Chinese, 15, 16

Gulf Stream, 103

Gwaai River, 142

“Hadj,” the, 117

Haifa, 122

Halfa, 158

Hamilton, 47, 48

Hand-signalling, 202

Hanging Bridge, the, 164–7, 109

Hankow, 299–301

Harbin, 293, 299

Harriman, E. H., 28–9, 72

Harte, Bret, 70

Havana, 241

Hawkesbury Bridge, 182

—— River, 182

Head hunters, 4

Hector, 231

Hedjaz Peninsula, 123

—— railway, 117–27

Hellgate Canyon, 311

Hellwag, M., 40–42, 195

Hereros rebellion, the, 81–2, 84, 85

Heritier, Grand Duke, 200

High Nile level, 158

Hill, James J., 28, 29, 185, 311

Hindoos—

As traders, 287

Daily wage, 13, 14

Hoang-ho River, 271

Hobson, G. A., 144, 147

—— Joseph, 54

Hodges, James, 50

Hollenburger River, 94

—— Viaduct, 95

Holy railway to Mecca, 117–27

Hooghley River, 250–51

Horn, Cape, 60, 63, 65, 128, 129

Horne, W. C. Van, 236, 237

Hudson Bay, 224, 234

—— —— Trading Co., 308

Humboldt River territory, 317

Huntington, Collis P., 59, 60, 62, 65, 72, 308

Huron, Lake, 54

Huvudnas Falls, 260

Hydraulic drills (Brandt), 88–90, 98, 265

—— shield, the, 54, 89

—— sluicing, 20–21, 321–2

Ibex, 163

Icebreakers, 200, 206–7

Ichine River, 202

Illecillewaet River, 238

Implements, 16

Inca, 274

India—

British, railway bridges, 250–59

Rivers of, 250–51

Indians—

Missouri, 64–9, 312

Pawnee, friendly, 66, 68

Rising, 1876–77, 310

Sioux, 67

Trails, 234, 316

Indus, 250

Infiernillo Bridge, 134

Innsbruck, 90

International Conference, the, 40

Ireland, Brunel’s work, 23–5

Irkutsk, 200, 201, 205

Irtych River, 201–3

Isonzo Gorge, 97

Italy, railway interests, 33, 35, 82–85, 217

Ito, Prince, 305

Iwakura, Prince, 306

Japan—

Modern developments, 297–307

Sea of, Insular railway, 305

South, rebellion in, 305

Jardine, Matheson & Co., Messrs., 290, 291, 295–6

“Jaws of Death,” the, 237

Johnson, Edwin F., 309

Jordan, River, 122, 123

Jubilee Bridge across the Hooghly, 250, 251

Judah, Theodore D., 61–4, 316

Julian Alps, the, 93, 97

Jumna River, 253

Kafue Bridge, 147

—— River, 147

Kaisim Pasha, 119–21

Kalgoorlie, 190, 192

Kalomo, 145–6

Karawanken railway, 94–8

—— Range, 93, 95

—— Tunnel, 95, 198

Katanga, 149

Kerma, 153

Key, Grassy, 247

—— Long, 247

—— West, 241, 246

Keys, the, 242, 247, 248–9

Khabarovsk, 201, 211, 212

Khartoum, 153, 156, 158, 160

—— Bridge, 157

Khilkoff, Prince M. I., 207–8

Kicking Horse Pass, 225, 230, 232–4, 316

Kilsby Ridge, 19

—— Tunnel, 19

Kimberley, 141

Kinambla Valley, 181

Kinder, C. W., 292, 297

Kindu, 151

Kioto-Otsu line, 306

Kitchener, Lord—

Australian railways, on, 190, 193

Expedition against the Mahdi, 153–4

Kituta, 149–50

Kivu, Lake, 150

Klagenfurt, 94

Klaus, 94

“Klondike,” 103, 108, 110–11

Knight’s Key, 249

Kobe, 305

Kobe-Osaka line, 305

Koppel, Arthur, 80

Kotlass, 212

Kowloon, 299, 300

Krasnoiarsk, 199, 200, 207

Krems Valley, 94

La Paz, 136, 279–80

La Prairie, 46, 58

Labour—

Brazilian Portugee, the, 223

Cape to Cairo, native record day’s work, 145–6

Chilian, 277

Chinese, 12–16, 223, 301

Female, 301

Indian coolie, 293

Italian, 82–5

Siberian exile, 210, 212

Landore Viaduct, 22

Land’s End, 244

Landslides, 138, 219–20

Lan-ho Bridge, 293–4

—— River, 293

Lansdowne Bridge, 250

Lao-Chay, 302

Las Cuevas, 274, 275

Lawley, A. L., 147

Lay, H. N., 304

Leadville, 163–4, 168–9

Lebarge, Lake, 104

Leopoldina railway, the, 214–23

Leslie, Sir Bradford, K.C.I.E., M.I.C.E., 251, 282–3, 287

Lewis & Clark, Messrs., 308

Li-Hung-Chang, 291–2, 295

Limbi, 287

“Limited,” the, on “Big Hill,” 231–2

Linz, 94

Lithgow Valley, 178

“Little Wonder,” the, 77

Liverpool, 208

—— & Manchester railway, 46

Livingstone, 139

Lobengula, 141

London & North-Western railway, 17, 76

—— to Vancouver in the ’fifties, 224

Los Andes, 270, 277

Lott, Julius, 89

Lucerne, Lake of, 43

Luchenza River, 286

Lucin Cut-off, the, 71–5

Ma’an, 122–4

“Machilla,” 283

Madras North-East line, 250

Mafeking, 141

Mahdi, the, 119, 152

—— Kitchener’s expedition, 153–4

—— Terms made with, 139

Mahommedanism, the Holy railway, 117–27

Maidenhead Bridge, 23

Makatote Gorge, 195

—— Viaduct, 195–6

Mallet locomotives, 297

Manchester & Liverpool railway, 17

Manchuria, 211, 212

Marshall Pass, 168

Mashonaland, 141

Matabele, the, 141

Matecumbe, Upper and Lower, 247

Matucana, 134

Maua, 216

Mecca, 121

—— the Holy railway to, 117–27

Mechanical percussion rock-drill, 36

Medina, 117, 126

—— -Saleh, 125

Meiggs, Henry, 129, 130–32, 133–135, 270

“Meiggs’ V-switch,” 130–32, 135–270

—— The “zigzag” system, 177

Meissner Pasha, H., 121, 124–6

Melbourne, 184, 190

Menai Straits Bridge, 50

Mendoza, 270, 273, 275

—— River, 271–2, 274

Meredith, J. O., 243–4

Metcalfe, Sir Charles, Bart., 145–146, 285

Metre-gauge, 263, 267

Mexican Central, the, 3

Mexico, 162

—— Native labour, 13

—— Gulf of, 240, 246–8

Miami, 240–41, 249

—— to Havana, Key West, 241–9

Miasma, 242–4

Midland railway (W.A.), 187, 189

Minaes, 214

Minnesota, 318

Mississippi River—

Bridges, 250

Scouring of the, 252

Missouri River, 61, 62, 64, 66, 250, 309, 312, 319, 322

“Mixed trains,” 294

Mjolfjeld, 268

Moberly, Walter, 6, 238

Moffatt, David H. M., 171, 172

“Moffatt” road, the, 162, 163

Mollendo, 136, 271, 279

Mongolia, beasts of burden from, 211

Mont Cenis “Fell” railway, 217

Montana, 229, 320

—— Hellgate Canyon, 311

—— Mineral wealth, 312

Montreal, railway enterprise in, 46–8

—— to Vancouver, 224

Morell, E., 305, 306

Morrison, G. J., 290

Mountain railways, the first, 91–2

—— sickness, 9, 136

Mouraviev-Amoursky, Count, 198

Mowbridge, 320

M’Swadzi River, 286

Mud-slides, 237

Muir, John, 190–91

Mukden, 293, 299

Muktar Bey, 126

Mules, Andine, 280

Mullan Tunnel, 311

Munich, 93, 101

Murchison Falls, 282

—— gold-fields, 188

Murzzuschlag, 92

Myssovaia, 201, 206

Naihati, 250

Namiti Gorge, 302–4

—— Valley, 302

Nanking, 296

Nankow Pass, 297–8

Naoyetsu, 307

Natal railways, 140, 155

Neccaraviglia, workman, 42

Nevada, 61

New South Wales railways, 176–84, 186, 219

—— York, 46, 59, 60, 155, 240, 241, 255

—— York to San Francisco, 15

—— Zealand railways, 193–7

Niagara Falls, 57

—— River suspension bridge, 57–58, 143

Nicholas II., 200

Nictheroy, 216

Nijneoudinsk, 199

Nikolsk, 212

Nile River, 154

—— Blue, 156–7

—— Expedition, 1885–6, 153

—— High level, 158

Nile Rapids, 160–61

—— steamers, 158

—— White Nile, 157–8, 160

—— Valley, 150, 152

Nippon Railway Co., 306

North Island (N.Z.) Trunk railway, 194

North, Major Frank J., 66–8

North Wales Narrow Gauge railway, 76–87

Northampton (W.A.), 187

Northern Pacific railway, 308–11

—— crisis, 239

Northern railway (W.A.), 188

North-Western State railway, 252

Norway, 260

—— Trans-Norwegian railway, 262

Norwegian Eastern railway system, 267

Nyasa, Lake, 282, 287

Nyasaland—

Negroes, 283

Railways, 281–8

Oakland, 315

Ober Villach, 101

Obi, 200

—— River, 201–3, 205

Ofoten, 260

Ogden, 75

Okuma, Count, 305

Omaha, 65, 68, 312

Omaruru, 82, 85, 87

Omdurman, 153, 154, 157

Omsk, 199

Ontario, Lake, 54, 57

Oodnadatta, 184

Opcina Tunnel, 97

Ophir Loop, 170–71

—— Mountain, 170

Orange Free State, 140

Oregon railways, 28–9

Orenburg, 199

Oriental Bank, 305

Oroville, 314, 316

Oroya, 136

—— line, 129–38, 177, 271

Osaka, 305

Osgood, J. O., 166–7

Ossouri railway, 201

Otago, 196

—— Central railway, 196–7

Otavi line, the, 79

—— the new “Copperado,” 79

Otira Gorge, 194, 195

—— Tunnel, 194–5

Otsu, 305

Ottoman Government, the, and the Bedouin, 118, 119

Ouguati, 82

Ovambo coolies, 83–4

“Overland Limited,” the, 75

“Overland Route,” 65–6, 71, 317

Pacific Central railway, 63, 65, 70, 198, 315

—— railway surveys, 309

—— Western railway, 308, 314–18

Pæons, 13

Palestine, 117, 119, 123

Panama, Isthmus of, 65, 240

Parahybuna River, 221

Paramatta, 176

Parisian Société de Construction des Batignolles, 303–4

Parkes, Sir Harry, 304–5

Pauling & Co., Messrs., 141

Pawnee Indians, 66, 68

Payment in kind, 287–8

Paznaun Valley, 90

Pears, A. G., 288

Pehtang, 291

Pekin, 296, 298–9

—— -Hankow railway, 299

—— -Kalgan railway, 295, 297

—— -Nanking railway, 296

Pennsylvania Steel Co., 254, 255–9

Penrith, 177

Pequop Range, 72, 317

Perth (W.A.), 187–9

Peru, 129

Peruvian Central railway, 136

—— Corporation of London, 135

—— Southern railway, 279

Peto, Betts & Brassey, Messrs., 47, 49, 52

Petropavlovsk, 199

Petropolis, 216, 221

“Phantom Curve,” 169

Placer River Valley, 113

Poncha, 168

Ponthierville, 151

Port Herald, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287

—— Sudan, 160

Portland, Atlantic Coast, 29, 48

Portmadoc, 76

Portugal, railway interests, 295

Princeton, Dartmoor, 173

Promontory Range, 70, 71

Pueblo, 164, 171

—— and Arkansas railway, 164–7

—— to Leadville, 168

Puget Sound, 309, 318

Pullman car, the, on the Hedjaz railway, 126

Puno, 136, 279

Puy de Dôme, 145

Pyrhn Pass, 94

—— railway, 94

Queensland railways, 176, 182, 184

Rack system, the, 216, 221, 255, 273, 274, 277, 279, 307

Rainhill, 46

Raiz da Serra, 216

Rangoon, 255

Red Sea, the, 123, 158, 159

Reinunga Tunnel, 266–7

Rejaf, 160–61

Resurrection Bay, 112

Reuss River, 35

Rhodes, Cecil—

Cape to Cairo railway, 139–61

Death of, 149

Rhodesia, 141, 284

—— North-West, 145

Riggenbach system, the, 216

Rimac River, 130

Rinderpest, 141, 211

Rio de Janeiro, 214, 215

—— Bay of, 216–17

“Rio de las animas perdidas,” 170

“Riviera of America,” 249

Roa, 267, 269

Robinson, A. A., the Hanging Bridge, 165–7

“Rocket,” Stephenson’s, 46

Rockhampton, 190, 193

Rocky Mountains, the, 68, 136, 162, 164, 167–9, 170, 172, 173, 193, 230, 231, 312–13

—— avalanches, 5, 6

—— Bozeman Tunnel, 310–11

—— Mullan Tunnel, 311

Rogers, Major A. B., 234

Rogers’ Pass, 234

Rollins Pass, 163, 173–4

Rosenbach Valley, 95

Ross, Alexander M., 49, 50, 52

Rouses’s Point, 47

Royal Gorge, 164–7, 170

Ruapehu, Mount, 195

Ruo Bridge, 285–6

—— River, 285

Russia, Asiatic, 198

—— European, railways, 199, 205

Russo-Japanese War, 212

Sacramento, 63, 70, 71

Sahara, the, 79

St. Bernard Hospice, 163

St. Clair River, 54

—— Tunnel, 54–6

—— —— Electrification, 56–7

St. Gotthard Tunnel, 88–90, 129, 195, 233;

footpath, 30–31;

financial arrangements, 31–4;

hindrances, 34–6;

drilling, 36–7;

labour, 37–8;

water, 38–9;

deficit, 39;

death of M. Favre, 40;

borings completed, 41–3;

the second track, 43–5

St. John’s, Quebec, 46, 58

St. Lawrence, Victoria Jubilee Bridge, 46–54

St. Paul Pass, 320–21

—— railway, 308

St. Petersburg, 203, 207

St. Pinnock Viaduct, 22

Salt Lake, 61, 71, 72, 73

—— —— City, 71, 164, 171, 314, 317

—— —— Desert, 318

Saltash Bridge, 23

San Bartholomé, 131

San Diabolo Range, 315

San Francisco, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 70, 198, 225, 241, 314, 315

Sarnia, 54

Sarras, 153

Scandinavia—

Climate, 103

Snow-ploughs, 260

Schwarzach St. Veit, 101

Schwitzer, J. E., 1, 233

Scottish Highlands railway, 173

Seattle, 107, 318

Selkirk Range, the, 6, 234–8

—— “Jaws of Death,” the, 237

—— Rogers’ Pass, 234

—— Snow-sheds, 24, 235–7

—— Split fences, 236

—— Stoney Creek Bridge, 237–8

Sella, Lake of, 42

Selzthal, 94

Semmering Pass, 92

—— Range, 91

Sennar, 156–7

Severn Tunnel, 276

Seward, 112, 113

Shanghai, 213, 290, 291, 296

Shanghai-Nangchow-Ningpo railway, 298

Shanghai-Nanking railway, 295

Shanghai-Woosung railway, 290–295

Shan-Hai-Kuan, 292, 294

Shellal, 158

Sher Shah, 252

Shiré River, 281, 282, 287

Siberia—

Central railway, 200, 203

Climate of Western, 204

Exiles as labourers, 210–12

Trans-Siberian railway, 198–213

Tundras, the, 18

Western railway, 200, 203

“Siberia,” disease, 211

Siberian Central railway, 200, 203

Sierras Main Range, grading and tunnelling, 314–18

Simplon Tunnel, 100

Sioule River, 145

Sioux, the, 67

Skaguay, 107, 108, 110, 111–12

—— railway from, 103–5

Slave-trade, Central Africa, 282–3

Smith, C. Shaler, 166

Smith’s Mill, 187

Snow-plough, the, 111, 173, 232, 268–9, 278

Snow-sheds, 235–7

Snow-slides, 236

Snowdon Station, 79

Soldier’s Leap, 278

Sommeiller, 32

Sone Bridge, 250

Sorochté, sickness, 9

South Boulder Canyon, 172

—— Island, N.Z., 194, 197

“Spiral” grading and tunnelling, 43, 195, 233

“Split fences,” 236

Spooner, C. E., 77

Stanford, Leland, 60, 62, 65, 70

Stanley, 139

Stanleyville, 151

Stattnitz, 94

Steel, first used for bridges, 260

Steelton, 254, 255, 258

Stelvio road, 163, 170, 277

Stephen, Mount, 230

Stephenson, George, 17, 19, 30, 46, 49–52, 308

Steyr River, 94

Stoney Creek Bridge, 237–8

—— —— Plain, the, 123

“Straight Line,” the longest in the world, 270

Stretensk, 201, 211, 212

Styria, 91

Suakin, 159, 160

Sudan—

Railways, 153, 154, 156, 158

Upper, 157, 158

Work of the Government, 160, 161

Sudan Development and Exploration Co., 158, 160

“Sudd,” 160

Suez Canal, 212, 213

—— Gulf, 159

Sukkur, 250

Superior, Lake, 226–7, 230, 309

Swakopmund, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87

Sweden, bridges, 260

Switchback grading, 219

Switzerland—

Alps, the, 162

Financing the St. Gotthard, 33

Railways, 216

Tunnelling in, 30

Sydney, 177, 190

—— railway to Paramatta, 176

—— railway to Queensland, 182

Tabuk, 124, 125

Tacoma, 318

Takasaki-Naoyetsu railway, 307

Tamboraque, 134

Tanganyika, 149–50

Tasmanian Sea, 193

Tauern Range, 93, 98

—— Tunnel, 98–101

Taugevand, 264, 265, 266

Tcheliabinsk, 200, 202

Tcheliabinsk-Kourgan, 199

Teichl River, 94

Telephone across Victoria Falls, first use, 143–4

Tennessee Pass, 169

Tessin River, 35

Texas forests, 73

Thompson River Canyon, 239

Thorndike, William, 135–6

Tientsin, 292

Tigris Valley, 123

Tioumen, 199, 205

Titicaca, Lake, 136, 137, 279

Tobol, the, 202

Tokio, 304, 305, 307

—— -Kakasaki railway, 306

—— -Sendai railway, 306

—— -Yokohama railway, 305

Tolosa, 274

Toltec Bridge, 169

—— Tunnel, 169

Tomsk, 199, 205, 213

Tong-King-Sing, General, 291–2

Tongshan, 291, 293

“Topographers’ Gulch,” 321

Torano Range, 317, 318

Toronto, 48

“Toy” railway, Festiniog, 76–9

Track-layer, the, 146

Training-bund, 252, 253

Trans-andine railway, the, 270, 274

Trans-Baikal railway, 201

Trans-Continental railway—

First Canadian, 224–39

Proposed Australian, 189–93

United States, first, 59–75

Trans-Norwegian railway, 262

Trans-Siberian railway, 198–213, 293, 299, 300

Transvaal—

Cost of railways, 140

Negro labour, 283

Tremola River, 35

Trieste, 91, 92, 101

Trisanna Viaduct, 90

Tröllhätten, 262

—— Falls, 260

Tsumeb, 79, 85

Tuchili River, 286

Tugela Bridge, 155

Tupungato, 274

Turnagain Arm, 113

Two-foot gauge, 78

Uddevalla-Wenersborg-Herljunga railway, 260

Uganda, 160

Union Pacific railway, 63, 70, 171, 198

United Kingdom, mileage in 1870, 289

United States—

First trans-continental, 59–75

Mileage in 1870, 289

Railway interests, 112, 239, 295

Railways, 176, 185, 208

Upsallata Station, 273

Ural Mountains, 199, 201, 205, 213

Usakos, 86

Usamburu, 150

Usui Pass, 307

Valparaiso, 270

Vancouver, 107, 224

Vasquez, 174

Verrugas Bridge, 132–4, 136, 138

“Verrugas fever,” 133–5

Verrugas River, 132

Viaducts, overhanging principle, 257

Victoria, 176, 184

—— Bridge (Zambesi), 142–4, 157

—— Desert, 190

—— Falls, 142–4

—— Jubilee Bridge (St. Lawrence), 51–4

Vienna, 91, 93–4

Villa Bocage, 282, 287

Villach, 101

Vladivostok, 200, 201, 202, 211, 212

Vossevangen, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269

“V-switches,” 130–32, 180, 274

Wadi Haifa, 153

Waian timber trestle, the, 197

Wales, North, Toy railway, 76–87

Walkaway, 189

Walker, Messrs. C. H. & Co., 276

Wallula Pacific railway, 28

Wankie coalfield, 142

Wapata Mountain, 233

Wash-outs, 219–20

Wellington, 194

West Indies, 240

Westinghouse Electric Co., 56–7

White ants, 142, 284

White de luxe express, 158

White Horse, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110

—— Horse summit, 110

White Nile Bridge, 157–8

—— Pass, 105, 110, 111

—— Pass and Yukon line, 105–12

—— Pass summit, 110, 111

“White Tiger,” the, 289, 296

Whitton, John, 178–80

Whitworth & Co., Messrs., 200, 206

Wicklow, 22–23

Windhuk, 82

Wingatui Viaduct, 196–7

Winnipeg, 224

Wochenier Tunnel, 97–8

“Wooden flanges,” 46

Woosung, 290, 296

Wurzner Save Valley, 97

Yablonovoi Range, 209

Yamagata, Prince, 306

Yarmuk River, 122

Yellow fever, 215

Yellow Gorge. See Amarillo Gorge

—— River Bridge, 299

Yellowhead Pass, 230

Yellowstone River, 320

Yenisei Bridge, 204

—— River, 201, 204

Yokohama, 305

Yukon River, 104, 108

Yun-nan, 301–2

—— railway, 301–4

Yun-nan-Sen, 302

Zambesi River, 142, 147, 150, 281, 282

Zigzag grading, 177–81, 187, 219

—— the Great, 178–80

Zlatoost, 199, 202

Zyrkousounsk Mountain Chain, 206

THE END

Rickard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and Bungay