INDEX.

Absorption phenomena, 70 Abt, Dr. G., 51, 72 Acid “turning” of drench, 237 Acids, action of, 156 — fractionating, 270 — deliming with, 9 — in drench, 265 — to remove lime, cost of, 11 Adulteration in dog-dung, detecting, 144 Agglutinin, 144 Alum, a term for puer, 3 “Alumed” calf skins, 3 Amend’s bate, 193 Amido compounds, 156 Amines, 163, 206 — in dung, 154 Ammonia in puer liquors, 41 Ammonium phosphate, 45 Analyses, bird excreta, 53 — dog dung, 26, 150, 152 — drench, 249 — gas, 247 — grains, 7 — guano, 150 — hen dung, 150 — puer, 26 — ultimate, of dung, 153 Andreasch, F., 244 Anti-bodies, 143 Anti-calcium, 236 Arginase, 133 Artificial drench, 263 Ash of skin, 39 Authors, list of, 290 Bacillus butyricus, 112 — c, 172 — Coli commune, 94 — d, 106, 173, 174 — e, 107, 173 — erodiens, 97 — from pigeon dung bate, 172 Bacteria, action of, 160 — bate, examination of, 87 — bran, pure culture of, 269 — dung, 89, 98, 102, 161 — growth in various media, 105 — pigeon dung, 103 — putrefactive, 125 — “Sweating,” 105, 213 Bacterial diastase, 131 Bacterium furfuris, 241, 264, 269 — termo, 118 Barium salts from pure cultures of B. furfuris, 271 — — of volatile acids, 253 Bate, Amend’s, 193 — Becker’s patent, 227 — bird dung, 52 — Boehringer’s patent, 197 — concentration of salts in, 47 — Dermiforma, 189 — Eberle’s patent, 221 — Erodin, 179 — Esco, 192 — examination of bacteria in, 87 — glucose, 179 — Lederer’s, 196 — Nordlinger’s, 195 — Norris’s, 194 Bate, Nowak’s patent, 194 — Oake’s, 195 — Oropon, 140, 186, 219 — phosphates in, 43 — pigeon dung, 103 — Phosphorbutyralin, 195 — Popp and Becker’s patent, 197 — Puerine, 190 — Purgatol, 192 — reducing action of, 152 — Röhm’s patent, 219 — Simon’s, 195 — solid matter, influence of, 176 — soluble matter of, 176 — Sucanine, 191 — Tiffany’s, 179 — Wood’s American patent, 210 — — English patent, 205 — Zollikoffer’s, 178 Bayliss, Dr. W. M., 127 Béchamp, 280 Betulase, 132 Becker’s patent, 227 Bibliography, 282 Bile, 31 — action of, 159 — colouring matters, 30 — salts, effect on puer, 46 — — — — lipase, 142 Bird dung bate, 52 — excreta, composition of, 53 Boehringer’s patent, 194 Bone meal, 196 Books of reference, 89, 282 Bran bacteria, 240 — — pure cultures of, 269 — composition of, 257 — drench, 233 — — non-volatile bodies in, 254 — — products of fermentation, 247 — — sweet, 263 — — volatile bodies in, 249 — ferments, action on starch, 258 Brown, Adrian J. Prof., 274 Butyric acid, 11 — — fermentation, 111 Calcium in enzymes, 136 — phosphate, 45 Carlsberg vessel, 170, 214 Caroubinase, 132 Casease, 132 Castor-oil seed, 188, 232 Catalysts, 127 Cellulose fermentation, 110 Cerealin, 245, 260 Chemical composition of puer, 24 — deliming, 5 Chloroform, use of, in pancreatin solution, 151 Cholesterol, 30 Collagen, 56 Colloidal state, 57, 137 Concentration of salts in bate, 47 Condenser, Abbe’s, 87, 88 — dark ground, 87 Conductivity of puer liquors, 80, 81 Copenhagen conference, 180 Cultivation of bating bacteria, 199 Culture medium, 105, 207 Cytase, 132 Deliming, chemical, 5 Density of skin, 60 Dermiforma, 189 Dextrin, 259, 261 Diastase, 128, 131, 132 — Krawkov’s method of preparing, 135 Diastatic enzymes, 235 Digestive ferments, 148 — juices, 230 Dog dung, analyses of, 26, 150, 152 — bacteria in, 89, 98 — detecting adulteration of, 144 — fresh, bacteria in, 102 — influence of food on, 28, 95, 153 — method of analysis, 25 Dog dung, separating enzymes from, 134 — trypsin in, 134 Doerr and Reinhardt’s laboratory, 32 Drench, acid “turning” of, 237 — acids in, 156 — action of, 233, 242, 245 — artificial, 263 — bacteria in, 239 — damage, 236 — fermentations of, 238 — gases from, 242, 248 — glucoses in, 261 — “pinholey,” 238 — putrid “turning” of, 237 — sweet bran, 235 Dressing hides, 19 Drop culture, 87 Dung analyses, 26, 150, 152, 153 — mineral matter of, 153 Eberle, G., 13 Eberle’s patent, 221 Effront, Dr., 11 Eitner, 242, 244 Electrometric apparatus, 76 — method, 33, 49 Emulsin, 132 Enzymatic bates, 197 Enzymes, action of, 145 — — of serum on, 144 — — on skin, 140 — calcium in, 136 — defined, 127 — diastatic, 235 — from bacteria, 131 — hydrolysing, 132 — in dog’s dung, 137 — lipolytic, 145 — manganese in, 136 — preparation of, 134, 164 — proteolytic, 145 Erepsin, 133, 142 Erodin, 179 Erodin, stock liquor, 182 Esco, 192 Esters, synthesis of, 127 Ethyl butyrate, 165 Ethylamine butyrate, 42 — lactate, 42 — propionate, 42 Fahrion, Dr., 52 Falling, 67 — apparatus for measuring degree of, 82 Fat in puer, 25, 30 — in skins, 16 Feeding of dogs, 28, 95 Fermentation in the leather industry, 147 — nitrogen from, 279 Ferments, digestive, 148 — gall, 224 — hydrolysing, 132 — imino-lytic, 133 — oxidizing, 133 — oxylytic, 133 Flagellæ, staining of, 94 “Flaked” grain, 149 Formic Acid, 9 Fractionating acids, 250 Frankland and Frew, 249 Gall ferments, 224 Gamgee, 281 Gas analysis, 247 Gases from drench, 242, 248 — from pure cultures, 275 — intestinal, 281 Gayon, 280 Gelatin, 56 — density of, 63 — glucose, 267 — molecular weight of, 56 — peptonized, 168 Glucose bate, 179 — gelatin, 267 Glucoses in drench, 261 Glycerin, 141 Goat skins, 183 — — bating of, 231 Guano, analysis of, 150 Golding, J., 175 “Grains,” analysis of, 7 Harness backs, 17 Hauff, J., 236 Hen dung, analysis of, 150 Hexoses, 125 Hide-powder, density of, 66 Hides, bating of, 17 Houston, Dr., 93, 94, 97 Hydrogen from drench, 239 Hydrogen-ion concentration, 74, 79 Hydrochloric acid, use in deliming, 11 Hydrolysis, 128 — velocity of, 130 Hydrolysing enzymes, 132 Immendorf, 280 Imino-lactic ferments, 133 Indol, 95, 106 Infusoria, 123 Intestinal gases, 281 — juice, 225, 228 Inulase, 132 Jean, F., 41 Jones, Arnold Seymour, 75, 133 Kaolin, 176 Kathreiner, F., 46, 236 — bate trials by, 183, 184 Koch’s Jahresbericht, 125 Körner, Dr. Th., 67, 167 Kossel, Dr. A., 170 — and Dakin, 133 Kral, Prof., xv Kühl, Dr. H., 236 Laccase, 133, 135 — manganese in, 135 Lactase, 132 Lactic acid, 10 — — from B. furfuris, 272 Lamb, M. C., 9 Law’s volumenometer, 61 Lecithin, 141 Lederer’s bate, 196 Lime in sheep grains, 23, 37 — in puer liquors, 36, 40, 44 — soaps, 16 Limed skin, 5, 7 Lion’s dung, 29 Lipase, 132, 141 — effect of bile salts on, 142 Lipolytic enzymes, 145 Liquor pancreaticus, 189 Malase, 133 Maltase, 132 Manganese in enzymes, 136 Mastering, a term for puer, 3 Mercaptans, 46 Measuring truck, 8 Meggitt, Loxley, 171 Metchnikoff, 93 Mineral matter of dung, 153 Minot, Prof., 81 Mixed cultures, 173 Molecular weight of gelatin, 56 Monads, 123 Morocco leather, 3 Moulds, 114, 126 Müller, 72 Muscle, contraction of, 73 Myrosin, 132 Myxomycetes, 116 Nencki, 107 Nitrogen from fermentation, 279 — in bran, 234 — in puer liquors, 48 Nitrites, use of, in bating, 193 Non-electrolytes, influence of, 72 Nördlinger’s bate, 194 Nowak’s patent, 194 Nuclein, 114 Oake’s bate, 195 Oenoxydase, 133 Olease, 133 Organic acids, use in deliming, 13 — — in puer, 155 Oropon, 140, 186, 219 Osmosis, 58 Osmotic pressure, 59, 167 O’Sullivan, J., 244 — and Thompson, 128 Oxalic acid fermentation, 111 “Oxidizing” skins, 193 Oxydin, 133 Oxylytic ferments, 133 Paddle, 14 Pancreas, 220 Pancreatin, action on skin, 138, 151 Papain, 132 Parker, Dr. Gordon, xv, 11 Pectase, 132 Pentoses, 125 Pepsin, 132 — action on skin, 138 Peptolytic ferments, 119 Peptonized gelatin, 168 Phosphates in the bate, 43 Phosphorbutyralin, 195 Pigeon dung, 103 “Pinholey” drench, 238 Plasmase, 132 Plate cultures, 103 Popp and Becker’s patent, 197 Precipitin, 144 Pribram, Dr., 73 Procter, Prof. H. R., 10, 55, 205, 210 Proteolytic enzymes, 145 — ferments, 119 Proteus bacteria, 118 Puer, amido compounds in, 156 — chemical composition of, 24 — fat in, 25, 30 — organic acids in, 155 — quantity used, 15 — reactions of, 31 — wheel, 13 Puerine, 190 Puering, solution of skin substance in, 47 Pure cultures of bran bacteria, 269 Purgatol, 192 Purin bases, 30 Putrefaction, 116 — See Nos. 58 to 78 of Bibliography, 282 — mechanism of, 107 — of meat, 120 Putrefactive bacteria, 107 Putrid “turning” of drench, 237 Reaction of puer, 31 Rennet, 128, 132 Rhamnase, 132 Rogers, Dr. Allen, 195 Röhm’s patent, 219 Ruge, 281 Sabatier and Senderens, 127 Salt solution, physiological, 87 Salts solution, 267 Sand, Dr., xv, 33, 81 Schorlemmer, K., 186 Scud, 51 Scudding, 16 — machine, 17 Serum, action of, on enzymes, 144 Shearling pelts, 183 Shrewsbury, H. S., 166, 281 Simon’s bate, 195 Skatol, 46 Skin substance, ash of, 39 Skin substance, density of, 60 — — fat in, 16 — — solution of, 47, 51 Soerensen, Prof., 43, 80 Solid matter in bate, 73 — — influence of, 175 Soluble matter of bate, 176 Soyka’s dilution method, 103 Spirillum volutans, 112 — delsulfuricans, 124 Spongy leather, 238 Staining and mounting, books on, 89 — of flagellæ, 94 Starch, action of bran ferments on, 259 Steapsin, 132 Stiasny, Prof. E., 282 Sucanine, 191 Sucrase, 128, 132 Sulphuric acid, use in deliming, 11 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 46 “Sweating” bacteria, 105, 213 Sweet bran drench, 235 Swelling, 67 — alkaline, 72 Symbiosis, 269 Synthesis of esters, 127 Syntonin, 32 Thio-acids, 196 Tiffany’s bate, 179 Toxins, 143 Trehalase, 132 Trent bridge laboratory, 107, 252 Trimethyl-amine, 107, 252 — butyrate, 42 Trypsin, 132, 133 Trypsin, in dog dung, 134 Turney, Sir John, scudding machine, 17 “Turning” of drench, 287 Tyrosinase, 133 Urea, 29 Urease, 132 Uric Acid, 29 Velocity of hydrolysis, 130 Volumenometer, 61 — air, 67 — Law’s, 61 Wladika, J., 256 Willcox, Dr. W. H., 243, 245 Wood’s American patent, 210 — English patent, 205 Wool bacteria, 174 Xylose, 125 Yeast water, 259 Yoghurt, 236 Zinc, effect on growth of moulds, 113 Zollikoffer’s bate, 178 Zoogloæ, 242 Zymase, 133

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